..

,

- , ..

-

2014

81-13 81

12

.. , - . , ., . ,

.. , - . , ., .

.. 12 ,

/ .. ; . .: , 2014. 188 .

ISBN 978-5-4386-0281-1

- , , - , .

81-13 81

ISBN 978-5-4386-0281-1 .., 2014

3

6 I.

I. 1.1. 9 1.2. 11 1.3. 13 1.4. 17

II. 2.1. 20 2.2. 23 2.3. 24

II. I.

1.1. - 30 1.2. 36 1.3. - 41 1.4. - 44

II. -

2.1. - 47 2.2. (, , , )

2.2.1. VS 50 2.2.2. VS 51 2.2.3. VS 52 2.3. 53

III. -,

I.

1.1. , -

4

59 1.2. 62 1.3. 67 1.4. 70

II. ,

2.1. - 72 2.2. - 81 2.3. - 90 2.4. 102

III.

3.1. 106 3.2. - 108

IV. -

I. -

1.1. 119 1.2. - 121

II. -

2.1. - 123 2.2. - 127 2.3. - 131 2.4. - 140

143 149

5

1. 170 2. 171 3. 171 4. - 173 5. - 174 6. - 176 7. - 178 8. - 180 9. - 179 10. - 181 11. - 182 12. - 183

6

, . , - . - , , - -. , , . - - .

- - , . , -. .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. -, .. . [ 2007; 1999; 2001; 2003; 2008; - 2007; 2004; 2008, 2009].

; , , , , , , , , .. , , , , - . , - , .

7

- , , , .

: -

; ,

;

;

- , .. , , , - ;

- () - .

- : , - () , -, () .

- (, -, . , . , ... , .. , . , . , . .), , - (.. , .. , .. , . , .. , .. , .. .), (.. , .. , .. , . , . , .. , .. , . , .. , . , . .), -

8

(.., .. , . , .. , .. , .. .).

, - , [ . .. , 2000; .. , 1995; .. , 1992; - .. , 2006; Longman Dictionary of Con-temporary English, 2001; Macmillan English Dictionary for Ad-vanced Learners, 2002; Oxford Dictionaries (on-line); Oxford Ad-vanced Learner's Dictionary (on-line); Duden: Deutsches Univer-salwrterbuch, 2001].

282 - , 269 - 226 .

9

I

I.

, -, - . , . - - , -, , - . - .

1.1.

, , . - . : - -. , - , -. -, , -, - , , . , - [ 1989: 26].

10

, , .

- - . : , .. , , : , (, ) (-). - , . . , - , , [ 1998: 346]. - , , - - [ ]

. , - , , .

, - -. - , , - , , -, . : , , , , , -, ; [ 1976: 373]. , - , , -

11

. , , - [ 1976: 373-374], [ 1976: 434].

, , - . . -, , . , . - - .

, - . , . , () ().

() , - . . , , . , , , -. , , , , -. , - , -. , - , - .

1.2.

, .

12

, , .

. . , , , , - .

, . : , . - , . - , - [ 2001: 548]. , . -, , . , - - . , .

- - , . , , , , - , , - , , , - .

. , - ( ) , ( ). : , ( ), , ( ). , .

13

, . -, , . , , - .

1.3.

, . . . - . - , .

. , (, , , ), , , [ 1989: 539]. -, , , - , : - , - [ 1989: 499].

, : - , , , [ 1984: 345]. -, . , - - , , , .

14

, - , , , [ 1989: 571].

. . - -, . - , , - , : (), - () . , - , , , - , , , , [ 2001: 209]. - . - , - , -, [ 2001: 327].

, - , - , , XX .

XVII-XVIII . , - ( . sensualisme, . sensus , , ), : , . - . . .

. , , .

15

- . - , - . , , - , , [ 1989: 238].

. - : , - - .

, tabula rasa. , , - . -, [ 1985: 280]. , - (, , , , , ..) . , , -- [ 1985: 281], - [ 1985: 282].

. . , , , - [ 1964: 340].

, - . - , ( ), , -

16

, , .

-, . , . - , - ( , ) [ 1966: 496].

- . - (, , ), , (, , ), [ 1966: 497].

, , -, .

, , , - ... . - - , . : ( ) ( ). : (, , ), - - , , . , , - . , - , -- [ 1977: 132].

, . :

17

1) , -; 2) , , .. [ 1977: 317]; 3) , - , -, (, ).

. , , , , . , [ 1977: 320], : - -, [ 1977: 315].

1.4.

, - , -, , - , . - . . , -, . , , . . , , - . - , . , ( -, , ) .

- . , [] , , , , [ 1993: 411].

18

XIX . , XVII XVIII . - - . , - . - - , . .

, , . - . - (, , - ..) - , . - , , [ 1990: 635]. , , . , , -, , , - .

. , -. . , - , , -.

-, , - , . , , , - .

, , - . - .. . ,

19

-, - . .

, - , [ 1991: 93]. [ ]. - . , - [ 1991: 94].

, : 1.

(-, , , ). (, -, .), , (, , ..). . , , .

2. - : ( - /), ( , /; - / ), ( , -/, /, - , ; //).

3. - , - .

20

II.

, - . - , - , .

2.1.

. XVIII-XIX . - - , -. - . . . - -. , - [ 2001: 67]. - .

. . , - : /, [ 2003: 105]. , - - , , , -. - , , . , (- ) , - - , [ 2001: 68].

21

. - . . - , , -. , , , - - , , , . , - - , - [ 1953].

- - .. . -. (, ), . - - . , , , . , - , - [ 1975].

. .. . , , - , , -. , - , - : , ; - , ; , [ 1991: 275].

22

. . -, . , - . , - - - [ 2001: 403]. - .

, , - , - . 3. - . -, . -, - , . , .

- . - - . , - . , , , , . , .

.. . - . , , . -

23

, , . -, , [ 2001: 405].

. - . - , . , , .

2.2.

(.. , . , . - .) , - . , - - -, , . -, , -, - [ ., . 1998: 173].

- . . , , - .

( . emovere ).

. -, - [ 1978: 397].

24

, , - , . [ 1983: 257].

-, . , . , , , , - [ 1999].

-. , , , . - , -, . - . . : - , - [ 1965: 122].

2.3.

- - , . - , , - , - , .

-, - . , - .

25

, .

- .. : 1) (, , ); 2) - (, , ); 3) (, , ); 4) - ( , -, ); 5) ( - , ); 6) ( ); 7) ( , ); 8) ( , ); 9) ( -); 10) ( , ) [ 1978: 109]. - , - , . -, -, . , - , .

.. , 3 : 1) (- , , , .); 2) , - (, , , ), - (, , , ) - (, , , ); 3) ( , , - .) [ 1982: 20]. , . - , - - .

, .

26

, () - [Ekman 1999, Plutchik 1980, Ortony, Turner 1990]. - ( ). . , 10 : , , , , , , -, [Izard 1978, 1999]. - , . : , , , , , , , , [Tomkins, McCarter 1964]. - . : , , , , [ 2001: 138]. . , - . , , .. - .

, 1) -- ; 2) ; 3) - : , , -; 4) ; 5) -; 6) [ 2001: 90].

. . , , [Griffiths 1997]. - , , , , , , , -, - .

, - -

27

, [ 1983: 31]. - , . - - [ 1987: 25, 1979: 160].

. - , yy , , . py - , , pp -p , yy .

, - .. . , - , - (-), ( ) [ 1964: 355]. , . , , - , -. - . , -, , - . , . , - [ 1980: 15].

28

, - ( ). - , -, , -, :

, , - - , ;

-, - , ;

, - ;

-, , - .

-, , , ;

- , - - [ 2001].

, , [Mayer, Salovey 1988: 88]. - , , -, , [Ellis, Ashbrook 1988: 59].

, . , ,

29

, , [ 1982: 27].

, -

: 1.

, - . . , - , - - , - .

2. , - . - : - , - , - , - , - - -.

3. - . , , .

30

II

I.

, . - 80- . XX , - . , , (.. , .. , .. ), (.. ), - , - , (. -, .. ) .. , - - [, 2004: 5], , , , [ 2008].

1.1.

. : -, , - , - - , , .

- . , - - - , .

31

-, , -- , , , -. , - - , [ 1984: 13-14]. - , - , - , . , - .

. 80- . XX - . - , . - -, [ 2009: 24]. - , .. , -, , , [ 1996: 178].

, - , . , , , , .

- , , -, ,

32

[ 2009: 113]. -, .

(, -, .), (.. , .. , .. .).

() , . (.. , .. , .. -, .. , .. .).

, - . (.., .. , .. - .). , (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. .).

, , - , .. (.. , .. -, .. , .. .).

, . - . - (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. ). ( - ), - -, . . , [ 1978: 3].

, .. 3 : 1) , ; 2) , ; 3) ,

33

. , [ 2009: 100]. , - . , . , - , , , , , (, , , sweetheart, awful). -. - - , - , , - , , - , ., , ( ), infernal (extremely unpleasant). -, , - . , ( Outspoken, - ), (, mother), -, () [ 2008, 2009].

.. .. , - , [ 1986: 102-103]. , : 1) , - (, -); 2) , (, ); 3) -- , - (, ) [ 2003: 106].

, -- ()

34

[ 1986, 1991; 1987; 1991].

, . , , - , , -- , , , , , (, , ), .

, - (.. , .. , .. , .. -, .. , A.M. .). - , .. -, , , , , , , , .. [, 1951: 81-82].

, : 1) ; 2) () ; 3) , ( , -, , ); 4) , - -; 5) ; 6) .. , .

- .. -. - : , , - , - [- 1954: 136]. - (1958) - .

35

. - : 1) -, , (, , , , , ); 2) -, , , , - (, , , ); 3) , - , ( , ). , - , -, (, , ) [- 1958: 105]. , . . , -.

.. , : 1) - , .. - , , , ; 2) - , - , (.) -/ (-- , ); 3) - , .. - - , , , [ 1989]. , - , -, .

, , . , - : , -

36

- ( ). -, , - , - [- 2006: 15]. -. - , - , . , . , - ( - ) [ 1984: 107]. - .. , , , - 1) - , - ; 2) - - , - ; 3) [ 2004].

, - .

1.2.

, - - . - - -.

, , - , -

37

[ 1995: 159]. - .

- -, , , , [ 1979: 90]. , - [. 1990, - 1977, 1983, 1979, 1986].

, , - - [ 1982: 2]. (.. , .. ) , - , - [- 1983: 17].

- , - , -- -.

- . - : , -, () [- 1990, 1982, 2002, 1989]. - , , , - [ 1979, 1985, 1986, 1985]. : , . , , : - [- 1976], - [ 2008], - ..

38

. [ 1981; 2008, 2009; - 1985; 1987].

, - : - -.

- , , - / , , - [ 1991: 15]. , - :

I. , - , , , -, , [ 1986: 12]. - , - , - , [ 2002: 37-38]. .

II. , - , [ 1986:102-103]. .. , - - . -, . , , [ 1987: 61]. .. . ( ), - () -

39

( , , , ), - ( ( ), ). , - , , . , . , -, - ( ) - - [ 1999: 98-99].

, , - , - - [ 1985: 6]. - , - .

, - - . - , - , . , - , , , , , - , - , , [ 1991: 157-178].

- (.. , .. , .. , .. -, .. .), (. , . , . .) , .. .. , - , , -. - [, 1994: 14].

40

.. -. , , , , - [- 1958: 107]. . , - , . (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. ). , , - , .. (), - , [ 1997: 12-13].

, , - (.. -, . , .. .). - -, - [ 2006: 95].

, , - () , - -, .

, :

;

- -;

, - [ 2010: 9].

, - , . , , - , , - ,

41

[ 1996].

1.3.

, , , , , , , . - - .

. .. , ( ), , , , , . . [ 1966: 237].

.. - - , - - [ 1987: 39].

, - . -, , , , , - .

- , - (), (-) (, ). -

42

, , - ; , - [ 1955: 44].

(.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. -, .. ..) (.. -, . , . , ., . .).

, - (.. , .. , .. , .. - .).

- , , . , .. , .. , , - [ 1975: 55] (- ).

- [ 1970: 545] - [ 2009]. - -. - ; - (, ) - , (-) [ 2002: 303].

, , - , [. 1998: 76].

.. , - , - , - .

43

, - , [ 2008: 16]. , -, , - - .

[ 1986]. -. , , - .

.. , - [ 2002: 11]. , (. 2, 1.2). , , -, . , -, -/, /, - [ 2002: 12]. , : !, , -, , , . - - : , ! - , - [ 2002: 3839]. -, - . . , , -. ,

44

.

, - , - - . , - , , , [ 1986: 128].

1.4.

, - 60-70- XX . , , .

. - , -, , .. , -, , - . - , [ 1999: 3], .

, . - , [ 1992].

- , - . (.. -

45

, , .) . - , , , . [ 1996: 221-222].

, - -, - [ 1992].

, , - [ ].

, -, , , - , -, , , -, .

: 1) , - , , ; 2) , , , , , , [ 1999].

, - - , , - - - . - , .

- .. : , , ,

46

-: , - [ 2009: 4-5].

, - , , , - .

, -

: 1. ,

. - - , .

2. - - , - - - .

3. - . : -, , -, - .

II.

, - , , , - . ,

47

.

2.1.

- : -. , - , , .

() .. , .. , .. , .. . [ 2002, - 1996] , -, - [ 1996: 16].

, . , . , - . - , : , , - , - [ 2000: 23].

(.. , . -, .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. .) , - [ 2004: 113].

.. , , . . -

48

, - [ 1992: 3]. . -, - .

- .. : ; , - . , , , - , , - , - [ 1997:40].

, : 1) , - , , - , - /; 2) , - - ; 3) , - . - , - [ 1997: 4445].

, - . , - , , . - , , [ 1997: 281]. - , , , - . , , . - , -. -

49

.

, - , . -, , [Kvecses 1990]. -, , , , - [ 2005: 17].

- -, , .

, - , [ 2008: 17]. - , - , - .

, , [Wierzbicka 1986: 593, 2001: 118]. -- , , , , , - , .., , .

- , .. -: -, , -, , / , , , , (

50

), - [ 2001: 26].

, , - , - - .

2.2.

(, , , )

- - , - . , , .

2.2.1. VS

- , , .. - () () [ 2004]. , -, (), -, , (-) [ ]. , , , , , , - ( , , ..).

-, , -, - , - .

51

, , - , - [ 2006: 13]. , , - ( ), ( -, ). , - , - : -, -, , []. - , , -. : , - , , . ., - - , -, . ., - .

[ 2003: 72]. , . - (, , , , .) , - . , [ 2006: 19]. , - , - , , - , . .

, , .

2.2.2. VS

, . , -

52

[- 2006: 22]. , -, , , , - , - , [ ] (, - , , ..).

, , . , - - -, , ., , , , [ 2004: 15]. . - , , , . ., - (, - ).

, -, - , . -, , -, , , , - , .. - .

2.2.3. VS

- . -, . - , -, [ 2003, 2003, , 2007 (2)].

, . , - . , . .

53

- [ 2004: 7]. , , , . , - : (. -, . be sad) (. , . sadden).

[ 2001: 28]. - , - . , dark - , dark thoughts - , . - , [ : 29]. , depression, Depression , -, , , - .

, , , .

2.3.

. , . , - . , . , - - , , - .

- : - -

54

, - , . - , -.

, - - (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. .). - , [- 2005: 169]. , - - , . - (, , -, , , .). - - , - , - .

- () (), - ( ) [- 1971: 110]. - . - . , , , - . - -, .

, , - . -, [ 1971, 1993, Ipsen 1924, Lehrer 1974, Lutzeier 1993, 2005, Trier 1973, 1999, 1974, Weisgerber 1962 .].

55

- . - 1) ; 2) ; 3) -; 4) , - ; 5) - ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) -; 10) ; 11) - , [Coseriu 1973: 55-58, 1993: 135, - 1999: 8, 2005: 9-10, Schwaika 2002: 27- 28].

- . , -, , - . -: 1) ; 2) - -; 3) , , [ 1980: 72-73]. , -, .

, , , - , . (, , ), - . - , -, .

- - : , -.

56

, . - , - , .. [- 1999: 11].

-, , .. c [ 2000: 345].

- , - - [ 2000: 440]. . , - [ 2008: 49].

- , - : - [ 1999: 19].

-. - . , - , - - [ 1986: 14, 1999: 31]. - .. , , . , -: 1) , 2)

57

, , 3) - , -, , 4) - , , [ ].

, - , , () - [ 2002].

, -

: 1. -

. . - , -, .

2. - ( ) . , -, . - , - . - , -.

3. . ( ) , - - , , - - . , .

58

4. ; , - . -, , -, . , , . , -. , , - .

5. - : - , , - . , , . , - . -, , . , .

59

III

,

I.

1.1. ,

, , - . , - - - -, , .

- - , - [ 1998: 111]. , , - . , - , - [ ]. , - -, , .

- ( , ),

60

- .

, . - . , , - : to lament (1), to la-ment (2). , - .

- . - ( - ) , () [ 2004: 119]. , ; - , , . , .

, , -, . , : -(+): . to depress (1): to grieve (2), . : , . grmen (1): hrmen (2). - . , , - : - . to be sad: to mourn, to sigh (3), to miss (3). - , : . grief (1) ex-treme sadness, especially because someone you love has died: grief (2) something that makes you feel extremely sad [Longman]. : . sadness: joy, . : , . Trauer: Freude.

- , - : , (. qulen

61

Quler, . ), (. sor-row sorrowful), (. to desolate desola-tion, . mutlos Mutlosigkeit), (. to pain pained, . betrben betrbt).

- - - (). : (), - , (), - .

- , - . ( ) ( , ). , , : disappointed sad because something you hoped for did not happen, or because someone or something was not as good as you expected sad un-happy, especially because something unpleasant has happened to you or somebody else unhappy not happy happy having feel-ings of pleasure, for example because something good has happened to you or you are very satisfied with your life. : depressive often feeling de-pressed depressed to depress to make someone feel very unhappy unhappy not happy happy having feelings of pleasure, for example because something good has happened to you or you are very satisfied with your life [Longman].

- - - . , . - -

62

- [ 1986: 20].

, - - - . - - . , happi-ness the state of being happy (happy unhappy not happy) , state (the physical or mental condition that someone or something is in [Longman]) - : , ().

1.2.

, , .

. , , , (. 1, 2.3), - , - . , , - -, . , ; , ; . - (. 1, 1.3), .. - , , . , , , , [ 1999]. -

63

, , , .

, , - . . - , (, ). - , -. , , . , . , , -, , - : . - - - .

, , , . , -, , , . . - . -, , -.

- . , , , - , , , - , , , . -

64

- , , -, , , () () [ 2006: 65]. - , - , ( ) , .

.. - : 1) , , (, , ), 2) (, ) [-]. .. 1) , , ; , 2) , , , ; , 3) , - []. .. 1) -, , , , 2) , () , () , , 3) , []. Trauer: 1) [tiefer] seelischer Schmerz ber einen Verlust oder ein Unglck, 2) [offizielle] Zeit des Trauerns nach einem Todesfall, 3) Trauerkleidung [Duden]. - sad: 1) unhappy: unhappy, especially because something unpleasant has happened to you or someone else, 2) something that makes you sad: sad event, situation etc. makes you feel unhappy, 3) not satisfactory: very bad or unacceptable, 4) lonely: a sad person has a dull, unhap-py, or lonely life, 5) boring: boring or not deserving any respect [Longman].

, - : 1) , , , ; 2) , .

, , -, . - ,

65

, - [ 2004, 2001, 2006]: (-) , ().

(. 1, 2.3), , - . , , , , - .. - , , -: () , ( = ), / .. ( . , . grief, . tristesse, . tristeza, . ..).

, , -, , , , - .. , - , : to desolate (1) to make someone feel very sad and lone-ly (), to devastate (2) to make someone feel ex-tremely shocked and sad (), to dismay to make someone feel worried, disappointed, and sad (, ), to regret (2) to be sorry and sad about a situ-ation (), to upset (1) to make someone feel unhappy or worried () [Longman] .

- . - , :

1. : - - .

66

, - , .. , , , .. , , , .. , . to weep (1) to cry, especially because you feel very sad [Longman]; . Hypochondrie bertriebene Neigung, seinen eigenen Gesundheitszustand zu beobachten, zwanghafte Angst vor Erkrankungen, Einbildung des Erkranktseins [begleitet von Trbsinn oder Schwermut] [Duden]. - , - . , to break someones heart (1) to upset someone very much, especially by letting them know that you do not love them [Longman].

2. []: - [ -]. - , , , -, , , -, , , , ., . - , - , . , to frustrate (1) to make someone feel annoyed and impatient by preventing them from doing or get-ting something [Longman] to distress to make someone feel very unhappy, worried, or upset [Longman].

4. []: - []. - - (), - . , contrite feeling guilty and sorry for something bad that you have done [Longman] mitleiderregend so aussehend, beschaffen, dass jemandes Mitleid erregt wird [Duden].

67

5. []: - []. -, . , alone without any other people [Longman].

6. []: - []. -, . , Kleinmut Mangel an Selbstvertrauen und Entschlusskraft; Ver-zagtheit [Duden].

1.3.

( ) . , , - , .

-, .. . ( ) - , - [ 1976: 399]. , - : ) - ; ) ; ) - [ ]. - - . - , - .

68

1 ( ).

1

( )

-

-

()

,

1 I . 1. - 2.

2 II . 1. - 2. -

3 III . 1. 2.

4 IV . 1. 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. 8. 9. - 10. -

69

1. -

- ()

,

5 V . 1. - 2. - 3. - - ( ..) 4. - 5. - 6. - - 7. - - 8. -

6 VI . 1. 2.

7 I 1. -

1. 2. - () 3.

8 II 1. -

1. 2.

9 III 1. -

1. - 2.

10 I 2. -

1. 2.

: .

, -

. 2 , : 1) , - (

70

), , - ( ); 2) -, - [ 2004: 9]. , to grieve : to feel extremely sad, especially because somebody you love has died. , , - , ( - ), - .

- , - , - . : 1) 2) . .. - (, . , , ; . to sorrow, to la-ment (1), to be in the doldrums (2); . bedauern (2), betrauern, schwernehmen) (, . , -, ; . to depress (1), to desolate (1), to kill (4), . bedrcken, beschweren (2), deprimieren) [ 2000: 64]. - : 1) , 2) -, 3) , 4) 5) . : 1) , 2) , 3) .

.

1.4.

- -. -

71

, - - [ 2004: 119-120]. -, , , - . , -, , . .

, , , [ 2007 (1): 93]. , - - (): .

, .. , . - , ; , , .. , [Croft 1990: 70]. -, , , , . , - : , ( vs. ). - -, , , -, Gram, . - , - : , -

72

= -: .

, -

: 1.

, - . - , , , , , , . - , -, , , , -, , ..

2. - , , ; .

II. ,

2.1.

83, 95, 95 -, . , - 2 : , , , .

- . -

73

- , , ; - :

I) ( (- = )) 64 : be a shadow of your former self, be as miser-able as sin, be cast down, be cut up about, be down in the dumps, be down in the mouth, begrudge (2), be hurting (1), be in a [blue] funk, be in a mood, not be looking yourself, be in low spirits, be in mourning (1), be in the doldrums (1), be on a downer, be on the ragged edge, be out of your element, be out of your mind with grief, be/feel put out, be sad, be sick at heart, be sick as a parrot, be sorry (1), be sorry (3), be sunk in gloom/apathy/misery, bewail, blow a gasket/fuse, cloud over (2), come unglued, cry your eyes/heart out, darken (2), droop (2), eat your heart out (2), smbs face fell, feel rotten, get into a mood/ state, get the hump, grieve (1), groan (1), have a long face, howl (2), not know whether to laugh or cry, lament (1), languish (3), leave a bad/nasty taste in your mouth, miss (3), mope, mourn (1), mourn (2), pine for, regret (1), regret (2), resent, rue, shed tears, sigh (3), heart/spirits sank, smart (1), sorrow, take hard, take to heart, whine (2), worry (1), yowl; 53 : ein Klagelied anstim-men/singen, aufschluchzen, ausjammern (1), ausklagen (2), ausk-lagen (3), barmen (2), bedauern (2), bejammern, beklagen (1), beklagen (2), bekmmern (2), betrauern, betrben (1), beweinen, bewlken, Trbsal blasen/spinnen, jemandem dreht sich das Herz im Leib[e] herum, grmen (2), greinen (2), hrmen (1), hinter-sinnen, schade finden, das heulende/graue Elend haben, jammern (1), klagen (1), klagen (4), das heulende/graue Elend kriegen, lamentieren (1), den Kopf hngen/sinken lassen, die Ohren hngen lassen, missen (2), nachjammern, nachtrauern (1), nachtrauern (2), nachweinen, qulen (6), schluchzen, Ach und Weh schreien, betrbt sein, auf Moll gestimmt sein, schade sein, traurig sein, unglcklich sein, untrstlich sein, schwernehmen, Leid tragen, trauern (1), trben (6), verkmmern (2), vermissen (1), wehklagen, jemandem ist das Herz schwer, jemandem ist schwer ums Herz;

74

69 : (2), , - (1), (1), (2), , , , , , -, , , , - (3), , , (2), -, , , , , , (2), , , (2), (1), (2), -, (3), , , -, , , , (2), , , , , - (2), , , (5), - (1), , , , , (1), , (2), (1), (1), (1), (5), (3), , (1), (2), (1), (2), (1), (2), , (2).

7 - , : 1) = : ; 2) - = : ; 3) = : ; 4) = : : : ; 5) = : ; 6) = ( /): - : : : -; 7) = : (): .

- ( ):

75

1) [] : be cast down, be down in the mouth, be in a mood, be in low spirits, be in the doldrums, be on a downer, be/feel put out, *be sad, *take hard, worry (1); : betrauern, Trbsal blasen/spinnen, qulen (6), schwernehmen, betrbt sein, traurig sein, unglcklich sein, Leid tragen, trauern (1), jemandem dreht sich das Herz im Leib[e] her-um; : , , (1), (2), , , , (1), .

2)[ + ] : get into a mood/state, get the hump, darken (2), droop (2), smbs heart/spirits sank; : bekmmern (2), betrben (2), hintersinnen, den Kopf hngen/sinken lassen, die Ohren hng-en lassen, trben (6), verkmmern (2); : , , , , , , (3), -, , , * (2), , , (5), , , (5), (1), (2), (2).

3)[ + ] : -.

4) [ + ] : be as miserable as sin, be down in the dumps, be hurting (1), be on the ragged edge, be out of ones mind with grief, be sick as a parrot, be sick at heart, bewail, *grieve (1), sorrow; : grmen (2), das heulende/graue Elend haben, hrmen (1), auf Moll gestimmt sein, jemandem ist das Herz schwer, jemandem ist [es] schwer ums Herz; : (1), , , , (3).

5) [ + + ] : blow a gasket/fuse, come unglued (1); : das heulende/graue Elend kriegen; - : , , .

6) [ + + - ] : , -, .

7) [ + ] : , , , -.

76

8) [ + + - ] : .

9) [ + ] : be sorry (3), mope, regret (1), rue; : bedauern (2), schade finden, schade sein, untrstlich sein; : - (2), , (1), (1).

10) [ + + ] - : (2).

11) [ + + -] : (2).

12) [ + ] : be sorry (1), regret (2).

13) [ + ] : be in a [blue] funk.

14) [ + + -] : be sunk in gloom/apathy/misery.

15) [ + ] : be a shadow of one's former self, not be looking oneself.

16) [ + ] : not know whether to laugh or cry, leave a bad/nasty taste in ones mouth, smart (1), resent.

17) [ + + - ( /)] - : be cut up about, be in mourning (1), mourn (1), mourn (2), take to heart; : klagen (4), missen (2), nachjammern, nachtrauern (1), nachtrauern (2), nachweinen, vermissen (1).

18) [ + ] : feel rotten (2).

19) [ + ] : eat ones heart out (2), languish (3), miss (3), pine for, sigh (3); : (2), (1).

20) [ + + ] : , - (2), (1).

21) [ + + ] : .

77

22) [ + ] : be out of one's element.

23) [ + -] : begrudge (2).

24) [ + ] - : have a long face; : -, (2).

25) [ + + - ] : cloud over (2), smbs face fell; : bewlken; : (2), (2), (1).

26) [ + (-)] : shed tears.

27) [ + (-) + ] : cry ones eyes/heart out; : schluchzen.

28) [ + (-) + + ] : aufschluchzen.

29) [ + ] - : groan (1), howl (2), whine (2); : .

30) [ + + - ] : lament (1); : ein Klagelied anstimmen/singen, ausklagen (2), barmen (2), bejammern, beklagen (2), beweinen, greinen (2), jammern (1), klagen (1), lamentieren (1), Ach und Weh schreien, wehklagen.

31) [ + + - + ( /)] : beklagen (1), nachweinen; : (2).

32) [ + + ] : .

33) [ + + - + ] : ausjammern (1), ausklagen (3).

34) [ + + - ] : .

78

: * : 1) , 2) .

. -, - , .. , ., : grieve (1) feel extremely sad, esp. be-cause someone you love has died"; : take hard feel upset about something, esp. bad news ..

. - : (2) -, , ( , ).

II) (- ) 31 - : annoy, break smb's heart, cast a cloud, crush (5), cut to the bone/heart/quick, dampen smbs spirits, darken (3), de-press (1), desolate (1), devastate (2), disappoint (1), dismay, dis-tress, gall, get down (1), get smb into a mood/state, get to, give the hump, grieve (2), hurt (4), kill (4), pain (1), sadden, shake (5), shake up (1), shock (1), tear apart (1), tear at smbs heart, tear smbs heart out, upset (1), work up (3); 42 : jemandem das Herz abdrcken, anfechten (2), bedrngen (2), bedrcken, beelenden, beklemmen, bekmmern (1), Kummer bereiten/machen, beschweren (2), betrben (2), jemandem das Herz brechen (1), jemandem das Herz brechen (2), dauern, dep-rimieren, drcken (3), entmutigen, enttuschen, erbarmen (2), grmen (1), hrmen (2), jammern (2), leidtun (1), auf der Seele lasten/liegen, das Herz schwer machen, niederdrcken (2), nieder-schmettern (2), qulen (2), opprimieren, peinigen (3), reuen, aufs Gemt schlagen, schmerzen (2), in die Seele schneiden, jammer-schade sein, schmerzlich sein, traurig machen/stimmen, trben (5), verdrieen (2), wehtun (3), in der Seele wehtun, zerknirschen, jemandem das Herz zerreien; 13 : - (2), (3), (2), -/, , (2), , , (5), (2), (4), (1), (3).

79

5 - : 1) = : ; 2) = : ; 3) = -: ; 4) = : : : -: : : : ; 5) = : : -: .

- :

1) [ + ] : cast a cloud, dampen smb's spirits, darken (3), get smb into a mood/state, give the hump, hurt (4), pain (1), sadden, upset (1), work up (3); : bedrngen (2), bedrcken, beelenden, beklemmen, bekmmern (1), Kummer bereiten/machen, betrben (2), drcken (3), auf der Seele lasten/liegen, peinigen (3), qulen (2), schmerzen (2), schmerzlich sein, traurig machen/stimmen, trben (5), verdrieen (2), wehtun (3); : (3), , , (2), , , - (5), (4).

2)[ + + ] : *break heart, crush (5), depress (1), get to, grieve (2), kill (4), shake (5), tear apart (1), tear at smbs heart, tear smbs heart out; : jemandem das Herz abdrcken, beschweren (2), jemandem das Herz brechen (1), dep-rimieren, grmen (1), hrmen (2), das Herz schwer machen, nie-derdrcken (2), opprimieren, aufs Gemt schlagen, in die Seele schneiden, zerknirschen, *jemandem das Herz zerreien.; - : /, (2), - (2).

3)[ + + ] - : get down.

4)[ + + + -] : annoy.

80

5) [ + + + -] : gall.

6) [ + + ] : entmutigen.

7) [ + + ] - : desolate (1).

8) [ + + + ] : devastate (2), shock (1); : niederschmettern (2).

9) [ + + + ] : shake up (1).

10) [ + + ] : dauern, erbarmen (2), jammern (2), leidtun (1), reuen, jammerschade sein, in der Seele wehtun.

11) [ + + ] : distress; : anfechten (2); : (3).

12) [ + + + ] : (2).

13) [ + + + -] : dismay.

14) [ + + ] : disappoint (1); : enttu-schen.

15) [ + + ] : jemandem das Herz brechen (2).

16) [ + + ] - : cut to the bone/heart/quick.

: * : 1) , 2) .

. -, , - , : break heart make someone extremely sad, esp. by ending a romantic relationship with them.

. , : jemandem das Herz zerreien jemanden

81

tieftraurig stimmen [sodass es ihm fast die Kraft zum Leben nimmt]

2.2.

70, 89, 64 , - , , , , 5 .

, - , - . , ; ; - :

I) ( ) 34 - : the blues, a broken heart, dejection, depression (1), desolation, despondency, disappointment (1), dismay, distress (1), dolour/dolor, droop, emptiness (1), frustration (1), gloom (2), grief (1), heartache, heartbreak, hurt, lamentation (1), lamentation (2), languor (3), melancholy, melancholia, misery (2), mourning (1), nostalgia, pain (2), regret (1), remorse, sadness, smart (1), sorrow (1), upset (4), woe (1), wrench (1); 53 : Bedauern (2), Bedrckung, Beklemmnis, Bekmmernis, Bekmmerung, Betrbnis, Depression (2), Depressivitt, Dster, Dsternis, Elegie (2), Elend (1), Gejammer/Gejammere, Gram, Harm, Herzeleid, Herzweh (2), Jammer (1), Jammergeschrei, Jammerlaut, Klage (1), Klagelaut, Krux/Crux, Kummer (1), Kummerfalte, Kummermiene, Kmmernis, Lamento (1), Leichen-bittermiene, Leid (1), Leidensmiene, Leidwesen, Liebeskummer, Melancholie, Mistimmung, Pein, Reue, Schmerz (2), Schmerzen-slaut, Schwermut, Trauer (1), Trauermiene, Tristesse, Trbe (3), Trbsal (2), Trbsinn, Weh, Wehe, Wehgeschrei, Wehklage, Wehlaut, Wehmut, Zerknirschung; 27 : (1), (1), , , (1), , , (1), , (2),

82

(1), (2), , (1), -, (5), , (1), (2), (3), , (1), (2), (1), (2), , .

6 - : 1) = : ; 2) = : ; 3) = -: : : : : : : -; 4) = ( /): : : : ; 5) - = : ; 6) - = : ; 7) = : .

- :

1) [ + ] : dejection, droop, melancholy, sadness, *sorrow (1); : Be-dauern (1), Bedrckung, Betrbnis, Depression (2), Depressivitt, Dster, Dsternis, Elend (1), Kmmernis, Melancholie, Pein, Tristesse, Trbe (3), Trbsinn, Weh, Wehe; : , , , , -, (2), , (1), (5), , * (3), (2), , .

2)[ + + ] : the blues, *a broken heart, dolour (dolor), *grief (1), heartbreak, lamentation (1), *melancholia, misery (2), woe (1); : Harm, Herzeleid, Herzweh (2), Krux/Crux, Schmerz (2), Trbsal (2); : (1), (1), , (1), *, (2), (1), (2).

83

3)[ + + + ] : Gram.

4)[ + + ] - : depression (1), despondency, gloom (2).

5) [ + + ] : Mistimmung.

6) [ + + + ] : Schwermut.

7) [ + + ] : desolation, emptiness (1).

8) [ + + + + ( /)] : dismay.

9) [ + + ] : Leidwesen; : .

10) [ + + + ( /)] -: regret (1), remorse; : Reue, Zerknirschung; : (1);

11) [ + + ] : Beklemmnis.

12) [ + + + - ( /)] : upset (4).

13) [ + + + ] : distress (1), heartache, pain (2).

14) [ + + ] : frustration (1).

15) [ + + ( /)] : smart (1); : *Trauer (1).

16) [ + + + ( /)] - : *hurt, wrench (1); : Leid (1).

17) [ + + + ( /) + ] : mourning (1); - : (1).

84

18) [ + + ] : disappointment (1).

19) [ + + ] : Liebeskummer.

20) [ + + ] - : Bekmmernis, Bekmmerung, Kummer.

21) [ + + ] : languor (3), nostalgia; - : Elegie, Wehmut; : (1), (2).

22) [ + + -] : Kummerfalte, Kummermiene, Leichenbittermiene, Leidensmiene, Trauermiene.

23) [ + + + ] : lamentation (2); : *Gejammer/Gejammere, Jammer (1), Jammergeschrei, Jammer-laut, *Klage (1), Klagelaut, Lamento (1), Schmerzenslaut, Wehgeschrei, Wehklage, Wehlaut.

24) [ + + + + ( /)] : Totenklage.

: * . , : 1) - , 2) , 3) , 4) .

. Gejammer/Gejammere : [dauerndes] Jammern [Duden].

. - - : Trauer [tiefer] seelischer Schmerz ber einen Verlust oder ein Unglck.

. - , , : . ,

85

( -. ) [], . grief (1) extreme sadness, especially because someone you love has died, a broken heart a feeling of extreme sadness, esp. be-cause someone you love has died or left you, heartache emotional anguish or grief, typically caused by the loss or absence of someone loved [Longman]. , : hurt a feeling of great unhappiness because someone, especially someone you trust, has treated you unkindly or unfairly [Longman].

. , , : Klage (1) [mit entsprechenden Gesten verbundene] uerung (Worte, Laute), durch die jemand Schmerz, Kummer, Trauer zum Ausdruck bringt[Duden].

II) (- ) 23 : bitterness (1), bitterness (2), blackness (5), bleakness (1), cheerlessness, dolefulness, gloominess (2), homesick-ness, hurtfulness, joylessness, loneliness (1), lugubriousness, mood-iness (1), moroseness, mournfulness, poignancy, resentfulness, se-riousness (9), somberness (1), sorrowfulness, unhappiness (1), wistfulness, wretchedness (1); 17 : Bedrcktheit, Bekmmertheit, Dsterheit, Dsterkeit, Freud-losigkeit, Gebrochenheit (4), Gedrcktheit, Grmlichkeit, Jmmer-lichkeit, Mutlosigkeit, Niedergeschlagenheit, Schwermtigkeit, Traurigkeit (1), Trbseligkeit, Verdrielichkeit, Wehmtigkeit, Zerknirschtheit; 23 : , (1), , , (1), , , (2), -, , (1), , , (1), (1), - (2), (1), , , -, (1), , .

5 - : 1) = (+): (-); 2) - = : -

86

; 3) = -: : : : : : : -: : ; 4) - = : ; 5) = - (): .

- :

1) [ + + (-)] - : cheerlessness, joylessness, moodiness (1), unhappi-ness (1); : Bedrcktheit, Bekmmertheit, Ds-terheit, Dsterkeit, Freudlosigkeit, Gedrcktheit, Traurigkeit, Trbseligkeit; : , , , , (2), -, , , (2), (1), , .

2)[ + + + (-)] : dolefulness, mournfulness; : Gebrochenheit, Niedergeschlagenheit; - : (1), , (1), , , (1), -.

3)[ + + + (+)] : bitterness (2), hurtfulness, poignancy.

4) [ + + + (-)] : seriousness (9).

5) [ + + + -(-)] : blackness (5), bleakness (1), gloominess (2); : .

6) [ + + + (-)] : Grmlichkeit, Verdrielichkeit.

7) [ + + + + -(-)] : bitterness (2).

8) [ + + + - + (-)] : resentfulness.

87

9) [ + + + (-) + (-)] : moroseness.

10) [ + + + -(-)] : Mutlosigkeit.

11) [ + + + + (-)] : Schwermtigkeit.

12) [ + + + -(-)] : loneliness (1).

13) [ + + + -(-)] : (1).

14) [ + + + -(-)] : lugubriousness, somberness (1).

15) [ + + + (-)] : (1).

16) [ + + + -(-)] : Zerknirschtheit.

17) [ + + + -(+)] : wretchedness (1); : Jmmerlichkeit.

18) [ + + + (-)] : homesickness, wistfulness; : Wehmtigkeit.

: * :

. *wistfulness , , - : *wistfulness wistful thinking sadly about something you would like to have but cannot have, especially something that you used to have in the past.

III) ( ) 6 : (2), (1), (2), (1), (5), (1); 3 : Bedrngung (2), Entmutigung, Peinigung. - .

4 - : 1)

88

= : ; 2) - = (+): (-); 3) - = : ; 4) = ( - /): ; 5) - = (): - .

- :

1) [ + + (-)] : Peinigung.

2)[ + + (+)] -: (2), (5).

3)[ + + + (+)] : Bedrngung (2); : (1).

4)[ + + + (+)] : Entmutigung.

5) [ + + - () + ( /) + (-)] : - (1).

6) [ + + + - + ( /) + (-)] : - (2), (1).

IV) ( ( = )) 2 : depressive, lament; 5 : Elegiker (2), El-egikerin (2), Elendsdasein, Klagelied, Totenklage; 2 : , (4).

3 - : 1) = - : (); 2) c () = :

89

; 3) = : (/).

- :

1) [ + + ()] : depressive; - : , (4).

2)[ + + ] - : Elegiker (2).

3)[ + + ] - : Elegikerin (2).

4) [ + + (/)] : lament; : Klagelied, Totenklage.

5) [ + + ] : Elendsdasein.

V) ( ( = )) 10 : blow (3), cloud (4), grief (2), despair (2), downer (2), Jobs com-forter, pathos, shock (1), sorrow (2), tragedy (1); 10 : Hiobsbotschaft, Hiobsnachricht, Jammer (2), Jmmerlichkeit (2), Misere, Quler, Qulerin, Trauernachricht, Traurigkeit (2), Unheil; 6 : , (2), (2), , (2), (3).

5 - : 1) = : ; 2) = : - (); 3) c (-) = : ; 4) - = : : : : /: ; 5) = : .

90

- :

1) [ + ] : cloud (4), downer (2); : , (2), -, (2).

2)[ + + -] : despair (2), grief (2), sorrow (2); : Unheil; : (2), (3).

3)[ + + ] : Jammer (2), Jmmerlichkeit (2), Misere.

4)[ + + () + ] : Jobs comforter.

5) [ + + ] - : Quler.

6) [ + + ] : Qulerin.

7) [ + + ] : Hiobsbotschaft, Hiobsnachricht, Trauernachricht.

8) [ + + ] - : blow (3); : Traurigkeit (2); : (2).

9) [ + + + -] : shock (1), tragedy (1).

10) [ + + / + ] : pathos.

2.3.

117, 84, 79 , - 3 3 -: , , .

, - ,

91

. - , ; , , ; - - :

I) ( ( = )) 82 : aggrieved (1), bitter (1), black (5), bleak (1), blue (2), blah (2), bro-ken-hearted, bummed, bummed out, cheerless, dark (6), dark (8), deflated, dejected (1), depressed (1), depressive, desolate (2), de-spondent, disappointed (1), disconsolate, disgruntled, distraught, distressed (1), doleful, dolorous, down (1), downcast (1), down-hearted, dreary/drear, exasperated, flattened (1), forlorn (1), frus-trated (1), gloomy (1), grieved, heartbroken, heartsick, with a heavy heart, heavy-hearted, het up, homesick, hurt (2), joyless, languorous (3), lonesome (1), lorn, lovelorn, low (10), low-spirited, lugubrious, melancholic, melancholy (1), miffed, miserable (1), moody, mournful, nostalgic, pissed (2), pissed off, regretful, re-sentful, rueful, sad (1), screwed up, shaken, shaken up, shattered (1), shocked, sombre (1), sore (2), sorrowful, sorry (1), sorry (3), stir-crazy, tetchy, unhappy (1), upset (1), wistful, woeful, worked up, worried (1), wretched (1); 51 : bed-ripst, bekmmert, betrblich, betrbt, depressiv (1), down, dster (6), elegisch (2), freudlos, gebrochen (5), gedrckt, geknickt, gramerfllt, gramgebeugt, gramvoll, hintersinnig (3), kummervoll, leidend (2), leiderfllt, leidgebeugt, leidtragend (1), leidvoll, melancholisch (1), missmutig, mutlos, niedergedrckt, niedergeschlagen, reuevoll, reuig, reumtig, schmerzerfllt, schwer (4), schwermtig, tiefsinnig (2), tieftraurig, todtraurig, todunglcklich, traurig (1), trist, trostlos (1), trb/trbe (3), trb-sinnig (1), unerfreulich, unglcklich (1), untrstlich, verdrielich (1), vergrmt, verhrmt, wehmtig (1), wehmutsvoll, zerknirscht; 41 : , , - (1), (2), (2), (1), - (1), , (2), - (1), (2), (4), (1), - (2), , (1), ,

92

(2), , , - (1), (3), (4), (1), (2), (2), (1), (3), (3), (1), (2), (6), (12), (2), (1), (1), - (1), (1), (8), , (2).

5 - : 1) = : -; 2) = : ; 3) = : : : : : : -: : : -: : : : : : : : ; 4) = : : -: : -; 5) = : .

- :

1) [ + ] : bummed, bummed out, cheerless, deflated, dejected (1), down (1), downhearted, dreary/drear, het up, joyless, *melancholic, melan-choly (1), pissed, pissed off, *sad (1), shaken, shaken up, unhappy (1); : betrblich, betrbt, bekmmert, depressiv (1), down, dster (6), freudlos, gedrckt, geknickt, kummervoll, melancholisch (1), schwer (4), trist, traurig (1), trb/trbe (3), trbsinnig (1), unerfreulich, unglcklich (1); : -, , (1), , -, , (2), (4), - (1), (2), , (1), , , , - (1), (4), (2), (3), (6), (1), (1), (1).

93

2) [ + + -] : blah (2).

3) [ + + -] : *broken-hearted, depressed (1), depressive, dolorous, grieved, heartsick, with a heavy heart, heavy-hearted, low-spirited, *miserable (1), mournful, sorrowful, woeful (2), worked up, wretched (1); : ge-brochen (5), gramerfllt, gramvoll, leiderfllt, leidtragend, leidvoll, niedergedrckt, schmerzerfllt, tieftraurig, todtraurig, todunglcklich, trostlos (1), untrstlich; : - (2), (1), (2), (1), - (3), (1), (2), (12), (2), (2), (8).

4) [ + + ] : moody, tetchy.

5) [ + + ] : black (5), blue (2), bleak (1), dark (8), de-spondent, disconsolate, doleful, gloomy (1), low (10).

6) [ + + ] : *sore (3); : grmlich, missmutig, ver-drielich (1).

7) [ + + + -] : miffed.

8) [ + + + ] : exasperated.

9) [ + + + - ] : aggrieved (1), resentful.

10) [ + + + + ] : bitter (1).

11) [ + + + -] : frustrated (1).

12) [ + + + -] : *disgruntled.

13) [ + + ] : *wistful; : elegisch; - : (3), (2), .

14) [ + + ] : mutlos.

94

15) [ + + + -] : hintersinnig (3), schwermtig (1), tiefsinnig (2).

16) [ + + ] - : *stir-crazy.

17) [ + + ] : desolate (2), forlorn (1), lorn.

18) [ + + - + ] : lonesome (1).

19) [ + + ] : (2).

20) [ + + - + ] : distressed (1), shocked, shattered (1).

21) [ + + ] - : lugubrious, sombre (1).

22) [ + + ] : , (4), (2), (1).

23) [ + + ] - : flattened; : bedripst.

24) [ + + ] - : regretful, rueful, sorry (3); : reuevoll, reuig, reumtig, zerknirscht.

25) [ + + ] : sorry (1).

26) [ + + ] : disappointed (1).

27) [ + + -] : downcast (1), screwed up, worried (1).

28) [ + + - + ] : heartbroken, hurt (2); : niedergeschlagen.

29) [ + + + - ] : upset (1).

30) [ + + - + ] : distraught.

31) [ + + ] : lovelorn.

95

32) [ + + - ] : homesick, languorous (3), nostalgic; : wehmtig (1), wehmutsvoll.

33) [ + + -] : dark (6).

34) [ + + - + ] : gramgebeugt, leidend, leidgebeugt, vergrmt, verhrmt.

: * -:

. - , - : sad feeling unhappy, especially because something bad has happened; , : broken-hearted extremely sad, especially be-cause someone you love has died or left you, heartsick emotional anguish or grief, typically caused by the loss or absence of someone loved; : sore upset, angry, and annoyed, es-pecially because you have not been treated fairly . .

II) ( ) 23 - : bitter (2), depressing, devastating (2), disappointing, dismal (1), distressful, distressing, harrowing, heartbreaking, hurtful, galling, gloomy (2), grim (1), lachrymose (2), melancholy (2), miserable (3), painful (1), poignant, regrettable, shattering (1), shocking (1), tragic (1), upsetting; 23 : bedauerlich, bejammernswert, bitter (2), elend (1), elendig, elen-diglich, erbrmlich (1), gottserbrmlich (1), herb (2), jammervoll (2), jmmerlich (2), lamentabel, melancholisch (2), peinvoll, schmerzhaft (2), schmerzlich, todelend, traurig (2), trostlos (2), trbselig (1), unglckselig (1), unheilvoll, weh (2); 12 - : (3), (3), , - (4), (3), , (3), (1), (3), (3), (3), .

3 - : 1) = : ; 2) -

96

= : : : : : ; 3) = : - : .

- :

1) [ + ] : lach-rymose (2), miserable (3), painful (1), poignant, upsetting; : melancholisch (2), peinvoll, schmerzhaft (2), schmerzlich, traurig (2), weh (2); : (3), , (4), (3), -, (3), , (3).

2) [ + + -] : bitter (2), depressing, harrowing, heartbreaking, hurtful, shocking, tragic (1); : bedauerlich, bitter (2), herb (2), trostlos (2), trbselig (1), un-heilvoll; : (3), , - (3).

3) [ + + ] - : dismal (1), gloomy (2), melancholy (2).

4) [ + + + -] : galling.

5) [ + + ] : (3).

6) [ + + ] : bejammernswert, elend (1), elendig, elendiglich, erbrmlich (1), jammervoll (2), *jmmerlich (2), lemantabel, unglckselig (1).

7) [ + + + ] : gottserbrmlich (1), todelend.

8) [ + + + ] : devastating, shattering (1).

9) [ + + + ] : distressful, distressing, grim.

10) [ + + -] : regrettable.

11) [ + + ] : disappointing.

97

: * -:

. - tragic (1) : a tragic event or situation makes you feel very sad, especially because it involves death or suffering. - : jmmerlich [durch fremde Schuld oder eigenes Unvermgen] elend und beklagenswert.

III) (- ) 12 - : clouded (2), glum, martyred, mirthless, morose, pained, piteous, pitiful (1), plaintive, serious (9), woebegone, worried (2); 10 : jmmerlich (1), jammervoll (1), klglich (1), schmerzvoll, schwermtig (2), trb-selig (2), trbsinnig (2), verdrielich (2), wehmtig (2), weinerlich; 26 : (2), (2), - (1), (1), (2), - (3), (5), (2), (2), - (2), (2), (1), , (5), (2), (2), (3), (2), (4), (2), (13), (3), (2), (2), (2), (2).

7 - : 1) = : ; 2) - = : : : : : : ; 3) = : ; 4) = : ; 5) = : : (); 6) - = : ; 7) - = : .

98

- :

1) [ + ] -: trbselig (2), trbsinnig (2); : (2), (2), (3), (2), - (5) (2), (2), (2), -, (3), (4), (2), (2), (2).

2) [ + + -] : schmerzvoll; -: (2), (2), (2), (2), (2).

3)[ + + -] : piteous, pitiful (1); : jmmerlich (1), jammervoll (1); : - (1), (1), (1).

4)[ + + -] : klglich (1), weinerlich.

5) [ + + ] - : verdrielich (2).

6) [ + + + ] : schwermtig (2).

7) [ + + -] : (2).

8) [ + + ] : wehmtig (2); : (5), (2).

9) [ + + ] - : pained; : (13).

10) [ + + ] : clouded (2), serious (9), worried (2).

11) [ + + + ] : woebegone.

12) [ + + + ] : martyred.

99

13) [ + + ] : plaintive.

14) [ + + /] : mirthless.

15) [ + + ()] : glum.

16) [ + + + - ()] : morose.

, -

-:

1. - , - , - . - : , - . , - - , - [ 1970: 219]. : , = -: . - . , , (. -, , ), (. get into a mood/state to become upset or make someone upset) (. traurig Traurig emp-findend, ausdrckend).

2. - (7).

3. - (18) (62). , 3.4 .

100

4. , - . 7 -: , , , , , , .

5. -, , - . - (20 ): , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

6. , . - - (11 18). : 1) - (10 ), 2) - (9 ), 3) (8 ), 4) (5 ), 6) (4 ), 7) , -, , c (-), (2 ). - 7 : , , , - , .

7. - , : , . traurig (1): traurig (2); : , . - (1): (2); -: , . (1): (2), . sorrow (1): sorrow (2); : , . Traurigkeit (1): Traurigkeit (2) ..

101

8. : () , - , () , , , , , , , - .. - , . (. sad), (. , . wistful, broken-hearted), - (. break heart), (. ), (. sore), (. disgruntled), (. stir-crazy), (. jmmerlich), (. take hard), (. tragic), - (. melancholia, melancholic) .. - (. hurt), (. Trauer), - (. Gejammer/Gejammere), - (. jemandem das Herz zerreien), - (. Klage).

9. , . , - . , - . - , , , , ( , , , , ). -: - , , ,

102

( ausklagen, beklagen, klagen).

10. C - : 282 , 269, 226. -; , - . . - : . (174) : 115, 78, - 56.

2.4.

- () . .. ; , [ 1980: 18]. , ( ) -. , - -, . - .

[ 1998: 93]. , , (, mournful -ful ) , , , traurig (traur-) Trauer. sorrow (N) sorrow (V) - ( )

103

, . , - , - , , - , , , - ..

- , - : begrudge, bewail, darken, depress, desolate, disappoint, dismay, distress, gall, grieve, pain, sadden, shock, sor-row ( 14 , 15,7 %); - : bitterness, blackness, bleakness, cheerlessness, dejection, depression, depressive, desolation, despondency, disap-pointment, dolefulness, droop, emptiness, frustration, gloominess, heartache, heartbreak, homesickness, hurt, hurtfulness, joyless-ness, lament, lamentation, loneliness, lugubriousness, moodiness, moroseness, mournfulness, mourning, poignancy, regret, resent-fulness, sadness, seriousness, smart, somberness, sorrowfulness, unhappiness, upset, wistfulness, wretchedness ( 41 -, 63 %); : aggrieved (1), broken-hearted, bummed, bummed out, cheerless, clouded (2), deflated, dejected (1), depressed (1), depressing, depressive, devas-tating (2), disappointed (1), disappointing, disconsolate, disgrun-tled, distressed (1), distressful, distressing, doleful, dolorous, down (1), downcast (1), downhearted, downer (2), exasperated, flattened (1), frustrated (1), galling, gloomy (1), gloomy (2), grieved, har-rowing, heartbreaking, heartbroken, heartsick, heavy-hearted, homesick, hurt (2), hurtful, joyless, languorous (3), lonesome (1), lovelorn, low (10), low-spirited, lugubrious, martyred, melanchol-ic, melancholy (1), melancholy (2), miffed, mirthless, miserable (1), miserable (3), moody, mournful, nostalgic, pained, painful (1), pissed (2), pissed off, piteous, pitiful (1), plaintive, regretful, regret-table, resentful, rueful, screwed up, shaken, shaken up, shattered (1), shattering (1), shocked, shocking (1), sorrowful, tragic (1), un-happy (1), upset (1), upsetting, wistful, woebegone, woeful, worked up, worried (1), worried (2), wretched (1) ( 88 , 80 %).

- , -

104

: anfechten, aufschluchzen, ausjammern, ausklagen, bedauern, bedrngen, bedrcken, beelenden, bejam-mern, beklagen, beklemmen, bekmmern, beschweren, betrauern, betrben, beweinen, bewlken, entmutigen, enttuschen, erbar-men, grmen, hrmen, jammern, klagen, leidtun, nachjammern, nachtrauern, nachweinen, niederdrcken, niederschmettern, pei-nigen, qulen, reuen, schmerzen, schwernehmen, trben, ver-drieen, verkmmern, vermissen, wehklagen, wehtun, zerknir-schen ( 42 , 50,6 %); - : Bedauern, Bedrngung, Bedrcktheit, Bedrckung, Beklemmnis, Bekmmernis, Bekmmertheit, Bekmmerung, Betrbnis, Depressivitt, Dster, Dsterheit, Ds-terkeit, Dsternis, Elegiker, Elegikerin, Elend, Elendsdasein, Ent-mutigung, Freudlosigkeit, Gebrochenheit, Gedrcktheit, Gejam-mer/Gejammere, Grmlichkeit, Herzeleid, Herzweh, Hi-obsbotschaft, Hiobsnachricht, Jammergeschrei, Jammerlaut, J-mmerlichkeit, Klagelaut, Klagelied, Kummerfalte, Kummermiene, Kmmernis, Lamento, Leichenbittermiene, Leid, Leidensmiene, Leidwesen, Liebeskummer, Mistimmung, Mutlosigkeit, Nie-dergeschlagenheit, Peinigung, Quler, Qulerin, Schmerzenslaut, Schwermut, Schwermtigkeit, Totenklage, Trauer, Trauermiene, Trauernachricht, Traurigkeit, Tristesse, Trbe, Trbseligkeit, Trbsinn, Unheil, Verdrielichkeit, Weh, Wehe, Wehgeschrei, Wehklage, Wehlaut, Wehmut, Wehmtigkeit, Zerknirschtheit, Zer-knirschung ( 71 , 83,5 %); - : bedauerlich, bedripst, bejammernswert, bekmmert, betrblich, betrbt, depressiv, elegisch, elendig, elen-diglich, erbrmlich, freudlos, gebrochen, gedrckt, geknickt, gottserbrmlich, gramerfllt, gramgebeugt, gramvoll, hinter-sinnig, jmmerlich, jammervoll, klglich, kummervoll, lamentabel, leidend, leiderfllt, leidgebeugt, leidtragend, leidvoll, melan-cholisch, missmutig, mutlos, niedergedrckt, niedergeschlagen, peinvoll, reuevoll, reuig, reumtig, schmerzerfllt, schmerzhaft, schmerzlich, schmerzvoll, schwermtig, tiefsinnig, tieftraurig, todelend, todtraurig, todunglcklich, traurig, trostlos, trbselig, trbsinnig, unerfreulich, unglcklich, unglckselig, unheilvoll, un-trstlich, verdrielich, verdrielich, vergrmt, verhrmt, weh, wehmtig, wehmutsvoll, weinerlich, zerknirscht ( 67 -, 89,3 %).

105

- , - : , , , -, , , , , -, , , , , , , , , -, , , , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , -, , , , , , , , , -, , , , , -, , , , -, , , , , -, , , , , -, , ( 72 , - 67,3 %); : , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , -, , , , -, , , , , , , , , - ( 37 , 65,6 %); - : , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , , -, , , , , , -

106

, , , ( 49 , 100 %).

, 52,9 % , 74,5 %, 86,5 %. , , .

III.

3.1.

. , , . (), () , [- 1933: 112 - 120].

.. : 1) , - -; 2) , ; 3) , ; 4) - ( ), -; 5) , , -, , ; 6) - , - [ 1994: 71]. - , , - , ,

107

(, , , , .).

, - , , , . . 61 , 64,2 % (, annoy, break smb's heart, get into a mood/state, pine for, take to heart, tear apart (1), upset (1), worry (1) .); 55 - , 78,6 % (, bitterness (1), cloud (4), dejection, heartbreak, homesickness, misery (2), sor-row (1) .); 85 , 72,6 % (, aggrieved (1), bitter (1), deflated, gloomy (2), pained, sad (1), sombre (1), sorry (3), wistful, wretched (1) .)

51 , 53,7 % (, ein Klagelied anstimmen/singen, bekmmern (1), betrben (1), entmutigen, niederschmettern (2), schwernehmen, trauern (1), trben (5), vermissen (1) .); 53 , 59,5 % (, Bedauern (2), Depression (2), Freudlosigkeit, Jammergeschrei, Liebeskummer, Schmerz (2), Traurigkeit (1) .); 61 -, 72,6% (, bedauerlich, bekmmert, gramvoll, niedergedrckt, trostlos (1), unerfreulich, wehmtig (1), zer-knirscht .).

29 , 34,9 % (, (1), , -, (1), , (1) .); 32 - , 50 % (, , (1), , (1), , , (1), .); 45 , 56,2 % (, (2), (1), (1), , (1), - (2), (2) .).

; -,

108

. . , : (: .; : .), (: ; : .); : woebegone (Longman: esp. literary; Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary: formal), a bro-ken heart (Longman: ; Macmillan: literary), sigh (3) (Longman: ; Oxford: literary). : .

3.2.

, - , . , ( ) (-, ), , ( ) - (, ). - -, . , - , , - . , , , - []. - desolate - , [Longman]. - , - Elegiker/Elegikerin - , .. [Duden]. - . - - .

109

152 (53,9 %), 95 (42 %) - 85 (31,6 %).

- , . , , ( ), ( ) []. - , , . ( , ) [], . verdrieen (Ich lasse es mich nicht verdrieen) [Duden], -. -: crush (5) (Sara was crushed by their insults) [Longman]. - . , . , , regret (2) progressive.

(. , , . downer (2), shock (1); . Traurigkeit (1), Trbsinn), - (. (2)), - (. Kummerfalte) (. Pein, Tristesse, Weh). . , - Leidwesen , [] zu jemandes Leidwesen [Duden].

: downhearted (Were disappointed by these results but were not downhearted) [Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary], sore (He was still sore because I didnt call him back on Friday night) [Longman] . : bitter (2) (His photo stirred up bitter memories) [Longman].

110

27 (9,6 %), 13 (4,8 %), 40 (17,7 %).

- , - , . -, , - . , 95: 70: 117, 96: 89: 84 83: 64: 79.

- . , , - , - nachtrauern (2) (selten) um einen Verstorbenen trauern ( ) [Duden]. , , - . - (-) .

- 4 : , - (1), (2), ; 1 : (1); 2 : (2), .

2 : despair (2), melancholia.

7 - : betrben (2), bekmmern (2), hr-men (2), missen (2), nachtrauern (2), opprimieren, zerknirschen; 5 : Bekmmerung, Hiobsnachricht, Gejammere, Jmmerlichkeit (2), Wehe; 4 : hintersinnig (3), leidtragend (1), tiefsinnig (2), trb (3).

111

- (, , - ) (, -, ). - , .

: be as miserable as sin, be cast down, be cut up about, be down in the dumps, be down in the mouth, be hurting (1), be in a [blue] funk, be in the doldrums (1), be on the ragged edge, be sick at heart, be sick as a parrot, be sorry (1), bewail, blow a gasket/fuse, come unglued, cry your eyes/heart out, cut to the bone/heart/quick, desolate (1), get down (1), get the hump, get to, give the hump, pain (1), regret (2), rue, sadden, heart/spirits sank, sigh (3), sorrow, take hard, tear at smbs heart, tear smbs heart out ( 32). - : the blues, a broken heart, Jobs comforter, dolour/dolor, downer (2), lament, lamentation (1), lamentation (2), languor (3), lugubriousness, melancholy, melancholia, sorrowfulness, woe (1) ( 14). - : blah (2), blue (2), bummed, bummed out, dolorous, drear/dreary, grieved, heartsick, with a heavy heart, heavy-hearted, het up, lachrymose (2), languorous (3), lorn, lovelorn, lugubrious, melancholic, miffed, mirthless, pissed (2), piteous, screwed up, sore (2), sorrowful, sorry (1), stir-crazy, woebegone, woeful, worked up ( 29).

( ) - ) 13 : be cast down, be sick at heart, bewail, cut to the bone/heart/quick, desolate (1), pain (1), regret (2), rue, sadden, sigh (3), sorrow, tear at smbs heart, tear smbs heart out; ) 10 : a bro-ken heart, Jobs comforter, dolour/dolor, lamentation (1), lamen-tation (2), languor (3), lugubriousness, melancholy, sorrowfulness, woe (1); ) 17 : dolorous, drear/dreary, grieved, heartsick, with a heavy heart, heavy-hearted, lachrymose (2), languorous (3), lorn, lovelorn, lugubri-ous, melancholic, mirthless, piteous, sorrowful, woebegone, woe-

112

ful. ( , ) ) - 19 : be as miserable as sin, be cut up about, be down in the dumps, be down in the mouth, be hurting (1), be in a [blue] funk, be in the doldrums (1), be on the ragged edge, be sick as a parrot, be sorry (1), blow a gasket/fuse, come unglued, cry your eyes/heart out, get down (1), get the hump, get to, give the hump, heart/spirits sank, take hard; ) 4 : the blues, downer (2), lament, melancholia; ) 12 : blah (2), blue (2), bummed, bummed out, het up, miffed, pissed (2), screwed up, sore (2), sorry (1), stir-crazy, worked up.

: jemandem das Herz abdrcken, anfechten (2), ausklagen (2), ausklagen (3), bejammern, beklagen (1), bekmmern (2), betrben (2), Trbsal blasen/spinnen, jemandem das Herz brechen (1), je-mandem das Herz brechen (2), dauern, drcken (3), grmen (1), grmen (2), greinen (2), hrmen (1), jammern (2), klagen (1), kla-gen (4), lamentieren (1), die Ohren hngen lassen, auf der Seele lasten/liegen, das Herz schwer machen, nachjammern, nieder-drcken (2), peinigen (3), reuen, Ach und Weh schreien, jammer-schade sein, Leid tragen, verdrieen (2), wehklagen, in der Seele wehtun, jemandem das Herz zerreien ( 35). - : Bekmmernis, Betrbnis, Dster, Dstern-is, Elegie (2), Elegiker (2), Elegikerin (2), Gejammer/Gejammere, Gram, Harm, Herzeleid, Herzweh (2), Klage (1), Krux/Crux, Kmmernis, Lamento (1), Leichenbittermiene, Kummermiene, Leidensmiene, Melancholie, Misere, Pein, Peinigung, Totenklage, Trauermiene, Tristesse, Trbsal (2), Unheil, Weh, Wehklage, Wehmut, Wehlaut ( 32). : down, elegisch (2), elendiglich, geknickt, gottserbrmlich (1), lam-entabel, leidvoll, peinvoll, reuevoll, reuig, schmerzerfllt, trist, un-heilvoll, weh (2), wehmutsvoll ( 15).

( ) - ) 27 : jemandem das Herz abdrcken, anfechten (2), ausklagen (2), ausklagen (3), beklagen (1), bekmmern (2), betrben (2), jemandem das Herz

113

brechen (1), jemandem das Herz brechen (2), dauern, drcken (3), grmen (1), grmen (2), hrmen (1), jammern (2), klagen (1), kla-gen (4), auf der Seele lasten/liegen, das Herz schwer machen, nie-derdrcken (2), peinigen (3), reuen, Leid tragen, verdrieen (2), wehklagen, in der Seele wehtun, jemandem das Herz zerreien; ) 24 : Bekmmernis, Betrbnis, Dster, Dsternis, Elegie (2), Elegiker (2), Elegikerin (2), Gram, Harm, Herzeleid, Herzweh (2), Klage (1), Krux/Crux, Kmmernis, Misere, Pein, Peinigung, Tristesse, Trbsal (2), Unheil, Weh, Wehklage, Wehmut, Wehlaut; ) 12 : elegisch (2), elendiglich, lamentabel, leidvoll, peinvoll, reuevoll, reuig, schmerzerfllt, trist, unheilvoll, weh (2), wehmutsvoll. () ) - 8 : bejammern, Trbsal blasen/spinnen, greinen (2), lamentieren (1), die Ohren hngen lassen, nachjammern, Ach und Weh schreien, jammerschade sein; ) 8 : Gejammer/Gejammere, Lamento (1), Leichenbittermiene, Kummermiene, Leidensmiene, Melancholie, Totenklage, Trauerm-iene; ) 3 : down, geknickt, gottserbrmlich (1).

: (2), , , -, , , , *, , , (3), , (2), , (2), , (3), , , (2), -, , /, (2), (2), , , (3), , , , -, , , , *, , , , , (1), , (2), (1), * (1), (4), (5), (3), (1), (2), (1), (2), (2) ( 53). : (2), , , (1), (1), , , , (1), - , (2), , (1), -

114

(2), (2), , (2), , , , (1), - (1), (2), (3), (2), (3), (4), (1), (2), , ( 31). : , * (2), (1), (2), (3), - (1), (2), , , - (2), (3), (4), - (1), (2), (2), -, , (2), , -, (4), (5), (2), - (1), (2), (1), (2), (3), (3), (2), (6), , (2), ( 34).

: * -, , , . (., .) .

- ( , ) ) 18 : , -, (3), , (2), -, , /, , -, , , , (1), (2), (1), (4), (5); ) 22 : (2), , , , , , (1), , (1), (2), -, (2), , , , - (1), (1), (2), (3), - (1), (2), ; ) 28 : , (2), (1), - (2), (3), (1), , , (2), (3), - (4), , (2), -, , , -, (1), (2), (1), -

115

(2), (3), (3), (2), - (6), , (2), .

(, ) ) 40 -: (2), , , , , , , -, , , (2), , (2), , , , -, , (3), , - , , , , -, , , , , , (1), (1), (3), (1), (2), (1), (2), ; ) 10 -: , (1), (1), -, (2), (2), (2), (3), (4), ; ) 7 : (2), (2), (2), (2), (4), (5), (2).

- . 8 , 5 : be sick as a parrot, be on a downer, eat ones heart out (2), get the hump, give the hump, 3 : be hurting (1), be on the ragged edge, come unglued. 7 , 2 -: martyred, pissed off; 5 -: blah (1), despondent, lonesome (1), pissed (2), sore (2). .

- . 2 : beelenden, hinter-sinnen. - -.

(. - 2, 1.2) -

116

. 6 - : , , , - , . , . - 1 : be sick as a parrot, 1 : lugubriousness, 1 : lugubrious; 1 : reumtig; 1 : - , 3 : , - (4), (5). 1 : Leichenbittermiene. : -: (2), , (2), , -; : , (2); - : (4), (5). : gottserbrmlich (1). 2 : pissed (2), pissed off. : . ; 4 : be-jammern, greinen (2), lamentieren (1), nachjammern, 3 - : Gejammer/Gejammere, Lamento (1). - c - : - 1 : . untrstlich sein; - 1 : . ; 4 : . tieftraurig, todelend, todtraurig, to-dunglcklig.

2. , -, ( , -

117

-).

2

-

-

.. (32) 94,1 % (8) 23,5 % - (34) *100%

. (7) 15,9 % (35) 79,5 % (2) 4,5 % (5) 11,4 % (44) *100%

. (4) 7,4 % (53) 98,1 % - (6) 11,1 % (54) *100%

. (2) 13,3 % (14) 93,3 % - (1) 6,6 % (15) *100%

. (5) 13,8 % (32) 94,1 % - (3) 8,3 % (36) *100%

. (1) 3,1 % (31) 96,8 % - (3) 9,4 % (32) *100%

. (29) 90,6 % (7) 21,8 % (3) 9,4 % (32) *100%

. (4) 16,6 % (15) 62,5 % - (6) 25 % (24) *100%

. (2) 5,9 % (34) 100 % - (7) 20,6 % (34) *100%

: ,

, . , , 100%. * , - - , .

118

- :

1. - 1:1,9, 1: 2,6, 1: 3,5. , (120 226 , 53 %). - : - 81 282 , 28,7 %. : 104 269 , 38,7 %.

2. -, . 98,3 % , 91,3 %, 78,8 %.

3. (, ) . 76,8 % - , 57,6 %, 52,7 %.

4. : vs - . - 15,4 % , 5,8 %, 2,5 %.

5. , -, 18,5 %, 1,9 %. , - 7:8. - .

6. , -, , , , . 13,5 %, 13,3 %, 4,9 %.

IV

I.

1.1.

, - . , , , .. - - . , -, - : 1) , 2) -, 3) , 4) [- 2004: 142].

.. , - [ : 143]. ( -) . - - . - - . -

120

-, 3.

3

31: 41 = 0,75 26: 33 = 0,78 38: 68 = 0,56

51: 68 = 0,75 38: 62 = 0,61 63: 102 = 0,61

31: 46 = 0,67 27: 38 = 0,71 27: 38 = 0,71

(0,75 + 0,61 + 0,61): 3 = 0,65, (0,67 + 0,71 + 0,71): 3 = 0,70, (0,75 + 0,78 + 0,56): 3 = 0,70.

, : .

- , - () . , - , [ : 144]. - , - . , (-); - (); , - ().

121

1.2. c

- . -, .. . , , , .. ... - 1) , 2) [ 1988: 37]. , : 1) , .. , 2) -, .. , - [ ].

, . , (. 3), -, , , , - () , () , [] grieve to feel extremely sad, especially because someone you love has died if something grieves you, it makes you feel very unhappy [Longman].

- , , - , - - ( ). , . kill to make a person or animal die to make someone feel extremely tired, unhappy etc. [Longman]. work up to feel very sad because someone that you love has died, and show this in the way you behave to feel very sad because something no long-

122

er exists or is no longer as good as it used to be [Longman] - .

- , . - . , , - , . , , - . - , .

, , , -. - .

, -

: 1. -

. - 152 (53,9 %), 95 (42 %) 85 (31,6 %).

2. - 0,65, 0,70, 0,70. -, - - .

3. , - ( ).

123

- : 1) : , 2) : -, 3) : , 4) : / . : - (33 %), - .

II. -

2.1.

- - : begrudge, be hurting, be in a [blue] funk, be in a mood, be in mourning, be in the doldrums, be on the ragged edge, be/feel put out, be sick as a parrot, be sick at heart, be sorry, be-wail, cloud over, come unglued, crush, darken, depress, desolate, devastate, disappoint, droop, eat your heart out, feel rotten, get into a mood/state, get the hump, get to, give the hump, groan, grieve, howl, kill, lament, languish, not know whether to laugh or cry, leave a bad/nasty taste in ones mouth, miss, mourn, pain, pine for, regret, resent, sadden, shake, shock, sigh, smart, tear apart, upset, work up, whine, worry ( 51); -: ausklagen, barmen, bedauern, bedrngen, beklagen, bekmmern, beschweren, betrben, bewlken, drcken, erbarmen, grmen, greinen, hrmen, jammern, klagen, lamentieren, leidtun, missen, nachtrauern, niederdrcken, niederschmettern, qulen, peinigen, schmerzen, trauern, trben, verdrieen, verkmmern, vermissen, wehtun ( 31); : , -, , , , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , ,

124

, , , , , - ( 32).

- 3 : 1) : -, 2) : , 3) : .

I. : : 1) : (. darken, get into a mood/state, grieve; . bekmmern, betrben, grmen, hrmen, jammern, qulen, trben); 2) : (. -, ).

II. : - : 1) : (. sigh; . ); 2) : (. beklagen, klagen); 3) : (. bekla-gen, jammern, klagen); 4) : (. greinen).

III. : - : 1) : - (. ); 2) : - (. be in the doldrums, come unglued, languish, miss; . ); 3) : (. jammern, lamentieren); 4) : (. be in mourning; . trauern); 5) : (. -).

, 3 - , 4 (1 + 1 + 2), 6 (1 + 3 + 2), 5 (1 + 1 + 3).

- 4 - : 1) : , 2) : -, 3) : , 4) : / .

125

I. : : 1) : - (. ); 2) : (. begrudge, be in a mood, cloud over, come unglued, get the hump, not know whether to laugh or cry, leave a bad/nasty taste in ones mouth, resent); 3) : (. bekmmern, hrmen; . , ); 4) : (. begrudge, eat your heart out); 5) : - (. lament, whine; . , ); 6) : (. be/feel put out); 7) : (. bewail, be sick as a parrot, be sick at heart, lament); 8) : (. , -); 9) : (. be sorry, regret; . barmen, bedauern; . , , ); 10) : (. regret); 11) : (. be in a [blue] funk, worry); 12) : / (. be on the ragged edge, droop; . ); 13) : (. mourn; . nachtrauern; . ); 14) : - (. get to, give the hump, kill, work up; . verdrieen); 15) : (. crush, shake); 16) : - (. upset, worry; . qulen, peinigen; . ); 17) : (. shock); 18) : (. erbarmen, leidtun).

II. : - : 1) : / (. feel rot-ten, languish, pine for; . ); 2) : / (. ); 3) : (. smart); 4) : (. hurt, pain; qulen, peinigen, schmerzen, wehtun); 5) : (. nieder-schmettern); 6) : (. groan, whine; . klagen; . ).

III. : - : 1) : - (. ); 2) : (.

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qulen); 3) -.: - -. (. miss; . missen, vermissen; . -, , ); 4) : / (. crush, disappoint, sadden, upset; . ); 5) : (. ); 6) : (. tear apart); 7) : (. desolate, devastate; . , ); 8) : (. kill); 9) : / (. ausklagen, klagen).

IV. : / - : 1) : (. droop); 2) : / (. ); 3) : (. verkmmern); 4) : (. , , ); 5) : (. cloud over, darken; . bewlken, trben; . , -, ); 6) : (. trben); 7) : / (. verkmmern); 8) : (. darken; . trben; . , ); 9) : (. ); 10) : (. ); 11) : (. beschweren); 12) : (. crush, depress; . bedrngen, drcken, niederdrcken); 13) - : (. depress); 14) : (. trben); 15) : / (. -); 16) : ( /) (. howl).

, 4 - , - 29 (14 + 4 + 5 + 6), 20 - (6 + 3 + 3 + 8), 23 (8 + 3 + 5 + 7).

- ( ) - 1 : , -

127

1 : 1) -.: (. work up).

, 1 - , 1 .

, . - - : ( + -): 1) : , 2) : ; -: 1) : , 2) -: . : 1) : , 2) : - , 3) : , 4) : , 5) -.: -., 6) : , 7) : . : ( + ): 1) : , 2) : , 3) - : ; -: 1) : , 2) : /, 3) -: /, 4) : /, 5) : -; ( + ): : .

2.2

: bitterness, blackness, bleakness, blow, cloud, dejection, depression, despair, disappointment, distress, downer, droop, emptiness, frustration, gloom, gloominess, grief, heart-break, hurtfulness, lamentation, languor, loneliness, misery, moodiness, mourning, pain, poignancy, regret, seriousness, shock, smart, sombreness, sorrow, tragedy, unhappiness, upset, woe, wretchedness ( 38); : Bedauern,

128

Bedrngung, Depression, Dster, Dsterheit, Dsterkeit, Elegie, Elegiker, Elegikerin, Elend, Gebrochenheit, Herzweh, Jammer, Jmmerlichkeit, Klage, Krux/Crux, Kummer, Lamento, Leid, Pei-nigung, Schmerz, Totenklage, Trauer, Traurigkeit, Trbe, Trbsal, Verdrielichkeit ( 27); : , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , -, , , , , ( 26).

- 3 : 1) : , 2) : - 3) : -/ .

I. : - : 1) : (. lamentation), 2) : (. , ); 3) : (. -, . Klage).

II. : - : 1) : - (/) (. Elegie, Lamento, Totenklage); 2) : - (. ); 3) : (. bitterness, disappointment, grief, sorrow, upset, woe; . Jmmerlichkeit, Krux/Crux, Kummer, Traurigkeit, Verdrielichkeit; . , , , , -, ); 4) : (. Trauer); 5) -: (. mourning; . Trauer; . ); 6) : (. misery); 7) : (. Ele-giker, Elegikerin); 8) : (-) (. downer); 9) : - (. tragedy).

129

III. : / - 1 : : (. Dster, Dsterheit, Dsterkeit).

, 3 , 5 (1 + 4 + 0), 7 (1 + 5 + 1), 5 (2 + 3 + 0).

- 4 - : 1) : -; 2) : , 3) : , 4) : / .

I. : : 1) : - (. bleakness, despair); 2) : (. blackness, frustration, moodiness, unhappiness, wretchedness; . Verdrielichkeit); 3) : (. , -); 4) : (. blackness, bitterness); 5) : (. hurtfulness); 6) : - (. blow, shock); 7) : (. dejection, heartbreak); 8) : (. ); 9) : (. poignancy, regret; . Bedau-ern, Jammer; . , , ); 10) : / (. droop, languor); 11) : (. Trbsal); 12) : (. cloud); 13) : (. cloud, despair, seri-ousness, unhappiness; . Peinigung); 14) : (. ); 15) : (. -).

II. : - : 1) : (. depression, shock; . Depression; . ); 2) : -/ (. upset, wretchedness; . -); 3) : (. distress, pain, smart; . Herzweh, Schmerz).

130

III. : - : 1) : - (. tragedy); 2) : / (. frustration); 3) : (. Leid); 4) : (. unhappiness); 5) : (. distress, misery; . Bedrngung, Elend); 6) : (. blow, blackness, serious-ness, wretchedness); 7) : (. Peinigung); 8) : (. ); 9) : / (. depression; . Depression; . -, ); 10) : / (. Klage).

IV. : / : 1) : - (. bitterness); 2) : (. droop); 3) : / (. -, , ); 4) : - (. cloud; . ); 5) : (. Trbe); 6) : (. Depression); 7) -: (. emptiness, loneliness; . -); 8) : (. Gebrochenheit); 9) -: (. Trbe); 10) : (. blackness, gloom, gloominess, somberness; . Dster, Dster-heit, Dsterkeit, Trbe; . ); 11) : (. blow); 12) : (. bitterness, bleakness).

, 4 - , - 25 (10 + 3 + 6 + 6), 15 (4 + 2 + 5 + 4), 13 (5 + 2 + 2 + 4).

, . - - : 1) : -/, 2) : . - : ( + - ): : . - : 1) : , 2) : , 3) : /, 4) : .

131

: ( + ): 1) : , 2) : , 3) : , 4) : ; --: 1) : / , 2) : , 3) : .

2.3.

: aggrieved, bitter, black, blah, bleak, bummed, bummed out, clouded, dark, deflated, dejected, depressed, depres-sive, desolate, devastating, dismal, distressed, down, downcast, drear/dreary, forlorn, frustrated, gloomy, grievous, grim, heart-breaking, heartsick, heavy, het up, hurt, hurtful, lachrymose, lan-guorous, lonesome, low, melancholy, miserable, moody, painful, pissed, pissed off, pitiful, poignant, sad, screwed up, serious, shak-en, shaken up, shattered, shattering, shocking, sombre, sore, sorry, tetchy, tragic, unhappy, upset, upsetting, woeful, worked up, wor-ried, wretched ( 63); : bedauerlich, be-jammernswert, bitter, dster, elegisch, elend, erbrmlich, ge-brochen, herb, hintersinnig, jmmerlich, jammervoll, klglich, lei-dend, schmerzhaft, schwer, schwermtig, traurig, tiefsinnig, trostlos, trbselig, trbsinnig, unglcklich, unglckselig, ver-drielich, weh, wehmtig ( 27); : -, , , , , -, , , , , , , , -, , , , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , , ( 38).

- 3 - : 1) : , 2) : -

132

, 3) : , 4) : / .

I. : 1 : : (. bitter, melancholy, miserable, sad; . melancholisch, traurig, tostlos; . , , , , , , , ).

II. : - : 1) : (. aggrieved, worried; . schwermtig, trbsinnig, verdrielich, wehmtig; . , , , -, , , , -, , , , , -, , , , ); 2) - : (. jmmerlich, jammervoll, trbselig); 3) : (. lachrymose).

III. : - : 1) : - (. elegisch; . ); 2) -: (. ); 3) : (. bitter); 4) : (. , , ); 5) : (. , ); 6) - : / (. tragic); 7) : (. grim; . trostlos); 8) : (. hurtful, shocking); 9) : (. depres-sive; . ;).

IV. : / 1 : : (. black, dark, serious; . dster; . ).

, 4 - , - 8 (1 + 2 + 4 + 1), 8 - (1 + 2 + 4 + 1), 8 (1 + 1 + 5 + 1).

- 4 - : 1) : , 2) -

133

: -, 3) : , 4) -: / .

I. : : 1) : - (. dark, bleak, gloomy, forlorn; . ); 2) : (. bitter, black, het up, pissed, pissed off, miserable, moody, pissed, pissed off, tetchy, unhappy, worked up, wretched; . verdrielich); 3) : (. black); 4) : (. ); 5) : (. , ); 6) : (. deflated); 7) : (. sad); 8) : (. shaken, shaken up); 9) : (. bummed, bummed out, dejected, heartsick, pissed, pissed off, sorry); 10) : (. grim, woeful); 11) : (. blah, drear/dreary, sad); 12) -: (. sorry, woeful; . traurig; . , ); 13) : (. leidtragend; . ); 14) : (. sorry); 15) : (. shaken, shaken up); 16) : / (. languorous, shattered;. -); 17) : (. het up, screwed up, seri-ous, unhappy, worried); 18) : (. heartbreaking); 19) : (. pitiful, poignant; . elend, erbrmlich, jmmerlich, jammervoll); 20) : (. ups