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Mfcmllml Qt|mf LmdniDi|skl}a|dki |k ldnd|oe t|mf |m|din

71&2=?

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SQ313 Akff}idao|dki

Otiagskik} akff}idao|dki ~d|g |os| oil |kz cd|ollml |k |gm lo|o ~ksl

D| d ik| ekahml di|k |gm t|mf |dfdin

Qmsdoe akff}idao|dki d codaoeet |gm |soifddki kssmamz|dki kb lo|o kim cd| o| o |dfm

\gm msdoe zks| d }ml |k akirms| moag ct|m |k o |smofkb kim oil pmskm o ~mee o |k akirms| o |smof kbkim oil pmskm |k ct|m

\gm msdoe zks| aki|odi o mema|skida agdz aoeeml o

]idrmsoe Otiagskik} Smamdrms+\soifd||ms ']OS\$|go| oa|}oeet lkm |gm akirmsdki

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1

SQ313 Akff}idao|dki \msf

Co}l so|m0 \gm smadzskaoe kb |gm gks|m| z}em l}so|dki di o lo|o

~ksl diae}ldin|os|% |kz% oil zosd|t cd| Cd| zms makil0 \gm i}fcms kb lo|ocd| 'kiet$ |soibmssml zms

makil 'di co}l so|m oee cd| osm miak}i|msml$) Qkfm|dfm |gmzosd|t cd| d diae}lml di |gm lo|o cd|

Q|os| cd|0 \gm bds| cd| kb o msdoe lo|o ~ksl |go| dnioe |gm |os| kb

|soifddki kb o msdm kb lo|o cd|) ]}oeet lm|ma|ml o o|soid|dki bskf o ? |k : smbmssml |k ol fosh&|k&zoam

Q|kz cd|0 \gm eo| cd| kb o msdoe lo|o ~ksl |go| dnioe |gm mil kb|go| ~ksl) \gd cd| d }}oeet o gdng '?$ dnioe

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SQ313 Akff}idao|dki dnioe \soifd| edim '\W$ bks |soifd||din lo|o

Smamdrm edim 'SW$ bks smamdrdin lo|o

Aossdms Lm|ma| Qdnioe 'AL$% oms|ml ct fklmf |k dnioe o}aamb}e akiima|dki |k oik|gms fklmf%

Sdin Dildao|ks 'SD$% oms|ml ct fklmf |k dnioe |gm zgkim

sdindin% Lo|o Qm| Smolt 'LQS$% oms|ml ct fklmf |k gk~ |gmdszsmmiam%

Aemos \k Qmil 'A\Q$% oms|ml ct fklmf db |gmt aoi smamdrmlo|o%

Lo|o \msfdioe Smolt 'L\S$% oms|ml ct |msfdioe |k gk~ |gmdszsmmiam%

Smq}m| \k Qmil 'S\Q$% oms|ml ct |msfdioe db |gmt aoismamdrm lo|o)

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7

SQ313 Akff}idao|dki aki|ske Gosl~osm bek~ aki|ske d o fm|gkl |go| |~k akiima|ml

lmrdam }m |k |mee moag k|gms mema|skidaoeet ~gmi |kmil ks ~gmi ik| |k mil lo|o)

O fklmf di nmimsoe lskz 'ekndaoe :$ d| A\Q edim~gmi d| aoi ik ekinms smamdrm agosoa|ms)

D| sm&oms| d| ~gmi d| aoi smamdrm onodi) O |msfdioe lkm |gm ofm |gdin di|mol ~d|g |gm S\Q

dnioe)

Oik|gms fm|gkl kb gosl~osm bek~ aki|ske di zsoa|dam d

|k zmsbksf |gm ofm zskaml}sm mwamz| |go| |gm LQSoil L\S dnioe osm }ml bks |gm goilgohm)

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4

SQ313 Akff}idao|dki aki|ske Ik|m |go| gosl~osm bek~ aki|ske smq}dsm |gm }m kb olld|dkioe

~dsm) \gm cmimbd| |k |gd gk~mrms d asdz oil smedocem bek~ aki|ske)

Oik|gms fm|gkl kb bek~ aki|ske }ml d hik~i o kb|~osm bek~aki|ske)

\gd fm|gkl smq}dsm o dfzem 1 ~dsm msdoe akff}idao|dki edih%|soifd| lo|o% smamdrm lo|o% oil dnioe nsk}il)

Db }din |gd fm|gkl% ~gmi o lmrdam aoi ik ekinms smamdrm% d| ~dee|soifd| o agosoa|ms |go| |gm |~k lmrdam onsmml ki)

\gd agosoa|ms d hik~i o |gm WKBB agosoa|ms)

\gd agosoa|ms d nmimsoeet o gmwolmadfoe ?1) ^gmi o lmrdam aoi smamdrm onodi d| |soifd| oi WKI agosoa|ms

|go| ck|g lmrdam onsmml |k)

\gd agosoa|ms d nmimsoeet o gmwolmadfoe ??)

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SQ313 Akff}idao|dki dnioe'4&zdi L&\tzm$

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ZDL aki|ske Go oioekn oil ldnd|oe rmsdki

Oioekn0 \gm ZDL aki|ske agmfm d iofml ob|ms d| |gsmmakssma|din |msf% ~gkm }f aki|d|}|m |gmfoidz}eo|ml rosdocem 'FR$) Gmiam0

~gmsm Zk}|% Dk}|% oil Lk}| osm |gm aki|sdc}|dki |k

|gm k}|z}| bskf |gm ZDL aki|skeems bskf moag kb |gm|gsmm |msf% o lmbdiml cmek~)

k}|k}|k}| LDZ|FR ((6$'

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ZDL aki|ske

ZDL aki|skeems agmfo|da

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ZDL Aki|ske Zskzks|dkioe |msf

\gm zskzks|dkioe |msf fohm o agoinm |k |gm k}|z}| |go| dzskzks|dkioe |k |gm a}ssmi| mssks roe}m) \gm zskzks|dkioesmzkim aoi cm ol`}|ml ct f}e|dzetdin |gm mssks ct oaki|oi| Hz% aoeeml |gm zskzks|dkioe nodi)

\gm zskzks|dkioe |msf d ndrmi ct0

^gmsm

Zk}|0 Zskzks|dkioe k}|z}|

Hz0 Zskzks|dkioe Nodi% o |}idin zosofm|ms m0 Mssks 6 QZ ZR 'm| zkdi| & zskam rosdocem$

|0 \dfm ks di|oi|oimk} |dfm '|gm zsmmi|$

$'|mHZk}| z 6

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ZDL Aki|ske

\gm di|mnsoe |msf d ndrmi ct

^gmsm Dk}|0 Di|mnsoe k}|z}|

Hd0 Di|mnsoe Nodi% o |}idin zosofm|ms

m0 Mssks 6 QZ ZR

0 \dfm di |gm zo| aki|sdc}|din |k |gm di|mnsoesmzkim

6|

dk}| lmHD:

$'

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ZDL Aki|ske \gm di|mnsoe |msf '~gmi ollml

|k |gm zskzks|dkioe |msf$

oaamemso|m |gm fkrmfmi| kb|gm zskam |k~osl m|zkdi|oil medfdio|m |gm smdl}oe|molt&|o|m mssks |go| kaa}s~d|g o zskzks|dkioe kietaki|skeems

Gk~mrms% diam |gm di|mnsoe|msf d smzkildin |koaa}f}eo|ml mssks bskf |gmzo|% d| aoi ao}m |gm zsmmi|roe}m |k krmsqgkk| |gm m|zkdi|roe}m 'ask krms |gm m|zkdi|

oil |gmi asmo|m o lmrdo|dki di|gm k|gms ldsma|dki$)

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ZDL Aki|ske

Lmsdro|drm |msf \gm so|m kb agoinm kb |gm zskam mssks d

aoea}eo|ml ct lm|msfdidin |gm ekzm kb |gmmssks krms |dfm 'd)m) d| bds| lmsdro|drm ~d|g

smzma| |k |dfm$ oil f}e|dzetdin |gd so|m kbagoinm ct |gm lmsdro|drm nodi Hl)

\gm fonid|}lm kb |gm aki|sdc}|dki kb |gm

lmsdro|drm |msf |k |gm krmsoee aki|ske oa|dkid |msfml |gm lmsdro|drm nodi% Hl)

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3:

ZDL Aki|ske \gm lmsdro|drm |msf d ndrmi ct0

Agoinm kb smzkim bks rostdin Hl

^gmsm

Lk}| 0Lmsdro|drm k}|z}|

Hl0Lmsdro|drm Nodi %o |}idin zosofm|ms

m0Mssks 6 QZ ZR

|0\dfm ks di|oi|oimk} |dfm '|gm zsmmi|$

l|

lmHL lk}| 6

ZDL Aki|ske

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ZDL Aki|ske \gm lmsdro|drm |msf ek~ |gm so|m

kb agoinm kb |gm aki|skeems k}|z}|oil |gd mbbma| d fk| ik|damocemaekm |k |gm aki|skeems m|zkdi|

Gmiam% lmsdro|drm aki|ske d }ml|k sml}am |gm fonid|}lm kb |gmkrmsgkk| zskl}aml ct |gmdi|mnsoe akfzkimi| oil dfzskrm

|gm akfcdiml aki|skeems&zskam|ocded|t) Gk~mrms% ldbbmsmi|do|dki kb o

dnioe ofzedbdm ikdm oil |g}|gd |msf di |gm aki|skeems d gdnget

mid|drm |k ikdm di |gm mssks|msf% oil aoi ao}m o zskam |kcmakfm }i|ocem db |gm ikdm oil|gm lmsdro|drm nodi osm }bbdadmi|eteosnm

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33

ZDL Aki|ske Q}ffost \gm k}|z}| bskf |gm |gsmm |msf% |gm zskzks|dkioe% |gm di|mnsoe oil |gm lmsdro|drm

|msf osm }ffml |k aoea}eo|m |gm k}|z}| kb |gm ZDL aki|skeems) Lmbdidin }'|$ o|gm aki|skeems k}|z}|% |gm bdioe bksf kb |gm ZDL oenksd|gf d0

oil |gm |}idin zosofm|ms osm Hz0 Zskzks|dkioe Nodi & Eosnms Hz|tzdaoeet fmoi bo|ms smzkim diam |gm

eosnms |gm mssks% |gm eosnms |gm Zskzks|dkioe |msf akfzmio|dki) Oi mwamdrmeteosnm zskzks|dkioe nodi ~dee emol |k zskam di|ocded|t oil kadeeo|dki)

Hd0 Di|mnsoe Nodi & Eosnms Hddfzedm |molt |o|m mssks osm medfdio|ml q}dahms)\gm |solm&kbb d eosnms krmsgkk|0 oit imno|drm mssks di|mnso|ml l}sdin |soidmi|smzkim f}| cm di|mnso|ml o~ot ct zkd|drm mssks cmbksm ~m smoag |molt|o|m)

Hl0 Lmsdro|drm Nodi & Eosnms Hllmasmom krmsgkk|% c}| ek~ lk~i |soidmi|smzkim oil fot emol |k di|ocded|t l}m |k dnioe ikdm ofzedbdao|dki di |gmldbbmsmi|do|dki kb |gm mssks)

l|

lmHlmH|mH|FR|}

|

ldz ((66 :

$'$'$'$'

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_G._Ziegler&action=edit&redlink=1

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ZDL Aki|skePdmnemsIdagkeq fm|gkl

Kim kb |gm |}idin fm|gkl d bksfoeet hik~io |gm PdmnemsIdagke fm|gkl% di|skl}aml ct@kgi N) Pdmnems oil Io|goidme C) Idagke

\gm Doil Lnodi osm bds| m| |k pmsk

\gm #Z# nodi d diasmoml }i|de d| smoagm |gm#asd|daoe nodi #Ha o| ~gdag |gm k}|z}| kb |gmekkz |os| |k kadeeo|m

Ha

oil |gm kadeeo|dki zmsdkl Za osm }ml |km| |gm nodi o gk~i di imw| edlm

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3:

O fk| bofk} mwofzem bks o df}eo|ks d |gm

bedng| df}eo|ks |go| df}eo|m |gmb}ia|dkioed|dm kb oi odsasob|

Oi mwofzem bks mf}eo|ks d mf}eo|dki ~o

}ml ct DCF ki |gm Q+12: edim |k cm ocem |ks}i ?

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Fm|gkl coml ki agmahdin kfm b}ia|dkib'S$ lmsdrml bskf |gm smzkim Skb |gm ]]\%so|gms |goi Sd|meb% osm odl |k zmsbksfakfzoa| |m|din

b'S$ d odl |k cm o akfzsmmlsmzsmmi|o|dki% ks dnio|}sm% kb S

\tzm kb \m|din

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>3

Bks mwofzem% kim aoi ak}i| |gm i}fcms kb ?roe}m 'ks |gm i}fcms kb : |k ? oil ? |k :|soid|dki$ kc|odiml o| o adsa}d| k}|z}| oilakfzosm d| ~d|g |gm mwzma|ml ?&ak}i| 'ks

|soid|dki ak}i|$ kb |gm bo}e|&bsmm adsa}d| Q}ag o akfzoa| |m|din zskaml}sm dfzedbdm

|gm |m|din zskam% diam di|mol kb cd|&ct&cd|akfzosdki cm|~mmi |gm ]]\ smzkim oil|gm mwzma|ml k}|z}|% kim imml kiet kimakfzosdki cm|~mmi dnio|}sm

\tzm kb \m|din Oek |gm |m|ms fmfkst smq}dsmfmi| osm

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>1

t qdnidbdaoi|et sml}aml% cmao}m |gmsm d ik

ekinms imml |k |ksm |gm mi|dsm mwzma|mlsmzkim

Akfzosdki |magidq}m osm fodiet }ml dimeb&|m|din adsa}d|% ~gmsm |gm akfz}|o|dki kbb'S$ d dfzemfmi|ml ct zmadoe gosl~osmollml |k |gm adsa}d|

Qmeb |m|din adsa}d| oek gorm olld|dkioe

gosl~osm |k nmimso|m |gm |df}ed \gmsm osm lmdni |magidq}m bks adsa}d| ~d|g

C}de|&Di&Qmeb&\m| 'CDQ\$ bmo|}sm

Ldonikd oil Smzods

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>2

\gd zskam% ~gdag smedm ki bo}e| df}eo|dki%

c}del o lo|o com aoeeml o bo}e| lda|dkiost \gm ldonikd d o lda|dkiost ekkh&}z zskam%

di ~gdag ~m |st |k fo|ag |gm oa|}oe smzkim

kb |gm ]]\ ~d|g kim kb |gm zsm&akfz}|mlsmzkim

Db |gm fo|ag d }aamb}e% |gm bo}e| lda|dkiost

dildao|m |gm zkdcem bo}e| 'ks |gm bo}e|takfzkimi|$ di |gm ]]\

Ldonikd oil Smzods

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K|gms ldonikd |magidq}m% }ag o n}dlml&

zskcm |m|din% }m oi mbbma|&ao}m oioetdozzskoag

Oi mbbma|&ao}m oioetd zskamm |gm oa|}oe

smzkim kb |gm ]]\ '|gm mbbma|$ oil |sdm |klm|msfdim ldsma|et kiet |gm bo}e| 'ao}m$ |go|ak}el zskl}am |go| smzkim

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\m| Nmimso|dki

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>4

Di aki|so|% \N bks lmdni rmsdbdao|dki |m|din

oil |gm lmrmekzfmi| kb ldonik|da zsknsofdirkerm o eosnm mbbks| |go|% }ibks|}io|met% d |deefodiet o foi}oe oa|drd|t

O}|kfo|da \N'O\N$ smbms |k \N oenksd|gf|go|% ndrmi o fklme kb o t|mf% aoi nmimso|m|m| bks d|

O\N go cmmi lmrmekzml fodiet bks mlnm&zdi|ksml&zo||msi |m|din

\m| Nmimso|dki

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7:

\N aoi cm bo}e| ksdmi|mlks b}ia|dki ksdmi|ml

Di bo}e|&ksdmi|ml \N% kim |sdm |k nmimso|m|m| |go| ~dee lm|ma| 'oil zkdcet ekao|m$zmadbda bo}e|

Di b}ia|dki&ksdmi|ml \N% kim |sdm |k nmimso|mo |m| |go|% db zom% gk~ |go| |gm t|mfzmsbksf d| zmadbdml b}ia|dki

Lmdni bks \m|ocded|t

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\gm ak| kb |m|dino t|mf go cmakfm o

fo`ks akfzkimi| di |gm ak| kb lmdnidin%foi}boa|}sdin% oil fodi|odidin o t|mf

\gm ak| kb |m|din smbema| foit boa|ks }ag

o \N ak|% |m|din |dfm% O\M ak|% m|a) D| d kfmgk~ dskida |go| o ,?: Z fot imml

o |m|ms |gk}oil |dfm fksm mwzmidrm

Lmdni bks \m|ocded|t

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Lmdni bks |m|ocded|t'LB\$ |magidq}m gorm

cmmi diasmodinet }ml di smami| tmos \gmds nkoe d |k sml}am |gm ak| kb |m|din ct

di|skl}adin |m|ocded|t asd|msdo moset di |gm

lmdni |onm \m|ocded|t akidlmso|dki gorm cmakfm k

dfzks|oi| |go| |gmt fot mrmi lda|o|m |gm

krmsoee |s}a|}sm kb o lmdni