必修 3

Noun clauses as

the subject

Unit 4 Grammar

Objective

掌握名词性从句中主语从句的用法。

… it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.

下面每个句子都出现了主语从句，大家能找到吗？

1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.

2. Whatever you did is right.

3. Whether we will go for an outing

tomorrow remains unknown.

4. What we need is time.

5. Who will be our monitor hasn't been

decided yet.

1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.

2. Whatever you did is right.

3. Whether we will go for an outing

tomorrow remains unknown.

4. What we need is time.

5. Who will be our monitor hasn't been

decided yet.

主语从句 (Subject Clause)

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语 , 那么这个句子就是主语从句。That he finished writing the composition

in such a short time surprised us all.

What we need are good doctors.

Whom we must study for is a question

of great importance.

连接词1. that That the earth moves around the sun is well known.

2. whether Whether he will come or not is not known yet.3. who Who will be sent there has not been decided.

4. what What you need is more practice.5. which Which one is the best is not clear.6. when, where Where he has gone is a question.7. why, how Why there is gravity is hard to understand. How he can earn a living in Britain remains a big problem.

8. whoever, whatever, whichever 可引导 主语从句。 Whoever leaves the room last ought to

turn off the lights.

Whatever he did was right.

Whichever of you comes in will receive

a prize.

1. 引导主语从句连词有 that, whethe

r,

who, what, whatever 等。2. 连词位于句首不能省略。3. 主语从句大多数情况下视为第三 人称单数 , 但在关系代词 what 引

导 的主语从句后谓语动词的数要根 据句意而定。

小结

为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it 放在主语位置，真正主语后置。

1. It is certain that he will win the match.

2. It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.

3. It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

4. It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.5. It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.6. It is still a mystery what caused the accident.

7. It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.

8. It seems that he has seen the film.

1. 以 that 引出的主语从句 , 常以形式

主语 it 引导 , 结构为 : It is + 形容词 /

名词 / 某些动词 ed + that 从句。2. 在有些 that 从句中要用虚拟语气  (should + do/should + have done) 。

小结

但下列情况下只用 whether ： 1. 引导主语从句并在句首

Whether he will come is not clear.

2. 引导表语从句 The question is whether he’ll come.

whether 与 if 均为“是否”

3. whether 从句作介词宾语 I’m not sure about whether we’ll

win.

4. 引导让步状语从句时 Whether you like it or not, you’ll

have to do it.

1. 主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词 引导。2. 主语从句后置时引导词 that 可省略。3. 主语从句位于句首时 , 不能用 if 引

导。4. 主语从句后置时 , 可以用 if 引导。

注意事项

1. _____ made the school proud was

____ more than 90% of the students

had been admitted to key universities.

A. What; because B. What; that

C. That; what D. That; because

2. ____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 3. My car broke down, and ______ made matters worse was that it was raining hard. A. that B. it C. which D. what

4. _______ in the regulations that you should not tell people the passport of your e-mail account. A. What it required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires5. It is pretty well understood ______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how

6. It now appears ______ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how7. _____ knows the truth will tell you about it.

A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who

8. — Has it been decided ______ the meeting is to be held? — Yes. In Qingdao. A. where B. when C. that D. how9. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. that B. what C. which D. when

10. _____ matters most in learning English

is enough practice.

A. What B. Why

C. Where D. Which

11. _____ team wins on Saturday will go

through to the national championships.

A. No matter what B. No matter which

C. Whatever D. Whichever

12. ____ we will hold a party in the open air

tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. Whether B. What

C. If D. Where

13. ______ light travels in straight lines is

known to all.

A. How B. That

C. Which D. What

Review

主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词 that, whether;

连接代词 who, what, which; 连接副词 wh

en, where, how, why 等。

Individual activity

1. ______ he referred to in his article

was unknown to the general reader.

(2007 上海 )

A. That B. What

C. Whether D. Where

I. Multiple choice

2. ____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (2007 陕西 ) A. That B. Which C. What D. As3. ______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008 上海春 ) A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That

4. It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008 上海 ) A. if B. because C. when D. that 5. ______ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008 浙江 ) A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who

6. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. (2009 天津 ) A. as B. which C. whether D. that7. _____ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010 北京 ) A. Whether B. What C. That D. How

8. It is uncertain _____ side effect the

medicine will bring about, although

about two thousand patients have

taken it. (2010 浙江 )

A. that B. what

C. how D. whether

9. _______ Barbara Jones offers to her  fans is honesty and happiness. (2011 北京 )    A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom10. It was never clear ______ the man  hadn’t reported the accident sooner. (2011 江苏 ) A. that            B. how           C. when          D. why

1. __________________ ( 他出生在何地 ) has not been found. 2. _____________________ ( 谁会赢得比 赛 ) is still unknown. 3. ______________ ( 谁来都 ) is welcome. 4. ____________________________ ( 那个 人为什么被谋杀 ) is still unknown.5. ________________________________ _______ ( 我们是否要建新高中 ) hasn’t been decided.

II. 汉译英Where he was born

Who will win the match

Whoever comesWhy the person was murdered

Whether we will build a new highschool

6. _______________ ( 真遗憾 ) the weather isn’t good for our outing today.7. _____________________ ( 他是否帮我们 )

makes much difference.8. ___________________________ ( 我们需 要更多的电脑 ) is quite obvious.9. Who put the apples here _____________ _________ ( 我们都不知道 ).10. _________________________ ( 不管你借 哪一本书 ) must be returned within a week.

Whichever book you borrow

It is a pity (that)

Whether he will help us

That we need more computers

is not knownto us all