高 二 英 语

Module 7 Unit 1Grammar

Prepositions

Usage of prepositions:

1 Used before a noun or a noun phrase

to express time, place, movement etc.

2 Used before a verb in the –ing form.

Prepositions

:

介词是一种虚词，又称前置词。 介词一般不单独使用，后面常跟名词，名词短语或动名词。

介词 :

e.g. In the case of learning English, we must

speak as much as possible.

就英语学习来说，我们应该多说英语。e.g. You’d better take an umbrella in case of

rain.

你最好带伞以防万一下雨。

1 Prepositions of time:

Prepositions like at, in, on, for, by

and since can be used to express

time. Others of time include during,

after, before, between, from, until,

etc.

e.g. At that time, the record player ha

d to be wound up by hand.

By 1967,most TV broadcasts wer

e in colour.

at 12:00

at noon,

at night /at midnight

at dawn

at daybreak

at Christmas /New Year/the Spring Festival

Tips:（ 1 ）指时间的时刻，或指某个节日用 at

on October 1st,

on a rainy day,

on National Day

（ 2 ）指具体的某一天 或某一天的早上，下午或晚上，用 on

on the eve of victory

on the morning of Jan.3rd,

on the afternoon of his arrival

（ 3 ） by =not later thanHe must have arrived there by now.

We’ll have finished the work by 10:00.

By 1967, most TV broadcasts were in color.

Finish it by Friday.

I will be here by 5 o’clock.

Can you finish the work by tomorrow?

2).He worked by day and slept by night.

(4). 以下短语 前通常不用任何介词

e.g. this week, next month, last year

At, in and on can be used as

prepositions of place. Other

prepositions of place include above,

against, behind, between, by, near,

opposite, under, etc.

2 Prepositions of place:

e.g. Cable TV began in 1948 in the USA,

but it took 50 years before 66 per

cent of USA families had it in their

homes.

This new type of TV can be hung on

the wall.

Tips:

小地方一般用 at

I’ll meet you at the department store.

My grandfather lived at 105 Beijing

Road.

3 Prepositions of movement:

The prepositions to is often used to show

movement, meaning ‘in the direction of’.

Other prepositions of movement include

across, along, down, into, off, over, out

of, past, round, through, under, up, after,

before, between, from, until, etc.

in

•onabove

over

beneath

underbelow

beside

图解方位 /运动介词

acrossacross

aroundaroundthrough

图解方位 / 运动介词

inout offrom

towards

todown

upinto

图解方位 / 运动介词

past

over

across

through

Eg. 1.The invention of the transistor l

ed to the development of cassette rec

orders.

2. When autumn comes, many leaves

fall off the tree.

短语辨析：to the + 方位词 + of + 不接壤的地区。Japan is to the east of China.

East of China lies Japan.

on the + 方位词 + of + 接壤的地区。The Pacific is on the east of China.

in the + 方位词 + of + 身居其中的大地区。Shanghai is in the east of China.

高 二 英 语

Answers(P8):

(1) for (2) at (3) until

(4) by (5) during (6) to

Prepositional Phrases ：

Words used with prepositions:

run into by hand concerned about

hear from in return different from

stand for in fact cautious about

Prepositions can be combined with verbs, nouns and adjectives to form prepositional phrases

With Verbs ：Many prepositions are combined with verbs to f

orm prepositional verbs,

e. g: agree with, look for, look into, head for an

d stand for, etc.

1) The ship set sail and headed for Shanghai.

2) MD stands for MiniDisc.

With Nouns ：Prepositions can also be combined with

nouns, e. g: in time for, by means of, by

accident/mistake, for/on sale, on the market,

in that case and up to date, etc.

1) When will the new model be on sale?

2) This technology is quite up to date.

With Adjectives ：Some prepositions are also combined with

adjectives, e.g.: good at, capable of, fond of,

satisfied/happy with, etc.

1) The program is capable of calculating

our budget for the year.

2) I am fond of watching black-and- white films.

高 二 英 语Answers(P9):

(1) on sale

(2)up to date (3) capable of

(4) stands for (5) satisfied with

(6) on the market (7) In that case

(8) In time for (9) up to

(10) agree with

真题点击 1. —_____ when has the country been

open to international trade?

—1978, I suppose. ( 陕西 2007)

A. Since B. In C. From D. After

从上下文语境可以看出： when 替代的是

数字 1978 。句子时态为现在完成时，只 有 since + 过去某一时间点才能用于现在 完成时，故 A 项为正确选项。

A

2. _____ the silence of the pauses, we

could hear each other’s breathing and

could almost hear our own heartbeats.

( 湖南 2007)

A. In B. For C. Under D. Between

in the silence of the pauses 在短暂的沉默 中。句意为：我们在短暂的沉默中能听 到对方的呼吸，甚至能听到自己的心 跳。

A

3. Experts have been warning ______ of

the health risks caused by passive

smoking. ( 江西 2007)

A. at a time B. at one time

C. for some time D. for the time

at a time 一次； at one time 曾经； for

some time 一段时间。由现在完成进行 时形式 have been warning 可知用“ for

+

时间段”。

C

4. Some students often listen to music

_____ classes to refresh themselves ． ( 四川 2007)

A. between B. among

C. over D. during

between 用于两者之间，也可指多个事 物中的两者之间； among 用于三者或

三 者之上； over 经过了一段时间； during

在某段时间之内。“课间”是指两节课之

间，因此用 between 。

A

Exercises

1. Heilongjiang Province is _____ north of

Liaoning. Harbin, its capital city, lies

_____ the Songhuajiang River.

A. to; on B. in; in

C. /; on D. to; inC

2. To fully understand the writer, we

must read not only between the lines,

but sometimes _____ the lines.

A. within B. beyond

C. beside D. among

B

3. Although Tom agreed with her on most

points, here was one _____ which he

was unwilling to give in.

A. on B. in C. to D. with

4. As we all know, several primary

schools and factories were named

_____ the hero.

A. from B. at C. after D. to

C

C

5. _____ what the weather is like, the

athletic meeting will be held on time.

A. In contrast with B. In relation to

C. On behalf of D. Regardless of

6. Mr. Johnson starts to work very early

in the morning and goes on working

until late in the afternoon _____ a break

at midday.

A. with B. for C. as D. through

D

A

7. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands.A. with B. on C. in D. toB

8. A great person is always putting others’interests _________ his own.

A. below B. above C. in D. onB

9. ---When did you last hear _____Jay? ---He phoned me this morning, and

we agreed____ a time and place meet.A.of, to B. about, with

C. from, with D. from, onD

10.Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ____ a stepping-stone to future success.

A. to B. for C. as D. byC

11 ． He invited me to a dance after the show____ Christmas Eve.

A ． at B ． on C ． in D ． byB

12. Jenny nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping. A.as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of A

Language Points:

in this/that case

in the case of …

in case

in case of …

在这种 / 那种情况下至于…；就…来说以便；以免；以防

如果…；万一…；以免…；以防…

capable adj.

有能力的；有才能的 ; 有技能的be capable of …

有…能力的；可以…；做得出…e.g. Some airplanes are capable of going

800 kilometers an hour.

e.g. Tom is quite capable of neglecting

his duty.

able 和 capable　　这两个词都是形容词，都有“能够”、“能干”之意，但含义和使用场合不同。1. 作定语表示“能干”时， able 指某人聪明能干，有多才多艺的含义；而 capable仅指具有应付某一工作要求的能力。如：She is an able teacher. 她是个能干的教师。She is a capable teacher. 她是个能胜任工作的教师。

2. able 指“能够”，是一时之现象； capab

le 常指“能力”，是经常的现象。如：I shall not be able to come to the office tomorro

w. 明天我不能到办公室来 ( 由于某种原因暂时不能来 ) 。She is incapable of manual labor. 她不能从事体力劳动 ( 由于某种长期或经常的原因，如患病等 ) 。

3. 指某人能做某事时， able 之后接不定式， capable 之后接介词 of 。如：We are able to get back to town before dark.

我们能够在天黑之前赶回市区。They are not capable of doing the work.

他们没有能力做这项工作。

4. capable 除表示“有能力的”，还可以表示“有可能的”， able 则没有这个用法。如：The situation is capable of improvement.

情况有可能好转。That oil tanker is capable of being restored.

那艘油轮有可能修好。5. able 的反义词是 unable; capable 的反义词是 incapable 。

accompany vt. 陪伴；伴随 ; 与…同时发生或做事情e.g. His wife accompanied him on his trip

to China.

e.g. The pop singer was accompanied at

the piano by the pianist.

familiar adj. 熟悉的；亲近的 sb be familiar with …

… be familiar to sb 某人熟悉 / 精通…e.g. We haven’t met our neighbours yet

so we are not familiar with them.

e.g. We haven’t met our neighbours yet

so they are not familiar to us.

HomeworkFill in the blanks on page 102(Part

C1 &C2) in the workbook