프레스 작업안전 기술자료
DESCRIPTION
프레스 작업안전 기술자료TRANSCRIPT
- 1. CONTENTS 1 1 2 23 3 41 4 137 5 187 6 225 7 273 8 287
2. 1 - 1 - 3. 1 2009 1 1 . 1 2 11121 1-1. - - , , - - 12 - 3 - 4. . 3421, 361 2, 36 25 1 ( 721) - 30 - 3 , 2 ( 6, 4) : 30( ) , : 15( ) (12) 2 [ 6] 2 1 [ 2 [ 49 2 6] 4- 4 - 5. 2 . 1 ( 721) [] 1. 2. []1. 2. 3. 74 ( ) 4. 5. 2 6. 2 ( ) 1. 172 2. 394 3. 65 4. 2813 4 - 5 - 6. 5. 9 6. 13124 7. 8 12 () 1-2. 12 , . . (crane) 3 . 4 (, LNG , (silo),- 6 - 7. , , , .) , , , . , ( ) . 0.2(2kgf/) 5 1(10kgf/) , . (suspended access equipment)" , 6 , .- 7 - 8. (local exhaust ventilation) 7 , , , , . (centrifuge) 8 . (chemical equipment) , 9 , , , , , , , , , , , . 10 . . 2 11 . 12 , .- 8 - 9. 1-3. 3 .1, . . , , , , , , ,(Ironworker), , 2. 6 . , , , 3 2 . , . 0.5 . , 0.1 4. , 3m , , . . 0.2MPa 5. ( ) 0.2 (:) (:) 0.1 - 9 - 10. . . 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) , , , . , ( , ), , 60 , , , (accumulator), , . (, , ), , (, , ) . , 6 , , 45 .- 10 - 11. 1 26(1,1,1-)2 27328429(MDI)5 306317- 328339- 34103511 361237()13 381472-39156 4016 41()174218( )43194420452146()22 4723-2,4-48244925 . , 2 50% .- 11 - 12. 2 . , .8. 750J . 300m/s . . . 292 [9 ( ) () ( ) ] 1 33 ( 492 .) , , 50 , 50 10 ( 492 ) . , . , . - 12 - 13. , 11 , . . , .12. . . . . 294kN - 13 - 14. 1-4. 1. 36() ( ) ( ) . , . . 1. (1 ) 2. , . , ( ) . 2007. 7. 27. 36 2 ( ) 361 361 363 , ( ) . 2 . . 2 ( ) .- 14 - 15. . , 1 . 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 4 . , , , . 152 . . [ 2007. 7. 27.] 64 ( ) 131516 17 , 40 , 42 43 3 , 352 , 3622 2 . , . < 1999.2.8, 2002.12.30,2007.7.27> 3 .< 1999.2.8> 5 .< 1995.1.5> 1 3 .< 1999.2.8>- 15 - 16. 72 () 1 . < 2002.12.30, 2005.3.31, 2006.3.24, 2007.7.27> 1. 3013, 3421, 3612, 3625, 3921 4925 [] 1 3 .< 1996.12.31> 4 30 .< 1996.12.31> 4 5 , .< 1996.12.31, 2006.3.24> 5 , .< 1996.12.31> (8562. 2007. 7. 27) 1() 2009 1 1 . ,() 1 362 2011 1 1 . , 36 2009 1 1 . 3( ) 1124 36 1 1124 . 4( ) 1 343 361 . - 16 - 17. 2. 28 3 ( ) 361 " " . 1. 2. 3. ( 2 ) 4. 5. 6. 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. 10. 11. ( ) 12. [ 294(KN) ] [ 2008.8.2]3. 73 ( ) 361 " " . 1. 172 2. 394 3. 65 4. 2813 4 5. 9 6. 1312 4 7. 8 12 [ 2008.9.18]- 17 - 18. 732 ( ) 361 12 733 30 472 ("" ) ( ) . 1 30 . 361 ( "" ) 122 , 123 .[ 2008.9.18]733 ( ) 363 . 1. , 3 , 2( 6) 2. 3 , 2( 4)[ 2008.9.18]- 18 - 19. 74 ( ) 3622 ( ) . 1. 3 2. 5 3. 7 4. 4 ( ) 3 5. 4 ( ) 5 6. 7 7. 43 , 1 [ 2008.9.18]- 19 - 20. 742 ( ) 3621 . , 3623 ( "" ) 1 2 . 1. 74 2. 3. 733 2 1 ( 283 3 6) 4. 3621 13 2 472 ( " " ) . 1. 2. 74 ( ) 3. 4. 2 5. 2 ( ) 2 2221 . , . 1. 2. - 20 - 21. 2 15 . 132 1 . 133 .[ 2008.9.18] 2(2009 1 1 ) 8562 12 " " . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 3( ) 75 11 75 10 . , 2009 6 30 75 10 39 . 6( ) 43 43 . , 2009 6 30 43 . - 21 - 22. 7( ) 342 343 582 . 1 343 361 283 . 1. , 2009 6 30 2. 2010 12 31 3. 36 . 8( ) 75 11 75 10 . , 2009 6 30 75 10 .- 22 - 23. 2 - 23 - 24. 1 1-1. , () . 1-1 . 1-2 . 1-1 - 25 - 1-2 25. 1-2. . (KN, ton) . (mm) ( ). (spm) 1 1 . ( ) , .. ( ) . () . () 150spm 15 300spm 25 .. () ( ) - 26 - 26. 1-3. 1-1 4. 5. - 27 - 27. 1. 2. (Crank press) (Crankless press) - (Knuckle press) (Friction press) (Rack press) (Screw press) (Link press) (Cam press)- 28 - 28. 1-3 3. 3 4 - 29 - 29. 1-4 1-5- 30 - 30. 4. C (Open back C frame type) (Straight side frame) (Combi straight side frame) (Tie-rodless combination Straight frame) C (Solid back "C" frame) (Horen frame type) (adjustable bed type) (arch frame type)C () C () 1-6 - 31 - 31. 5. "C"FRAME "O"FRAME4C O 4 1-7 6. - 32 - 32. 1-8 7. 1 2 4 - 33 - 33. 1 2 4 1-9 - 34 - 34. 8. ( ) ( ) "C" 2 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) C ( ) 1-10 - 35 - 35. 2 (Separate F-clutch) 1-11 - 36 - 36. 2 2-1. 1. (Square Shear) ( 3-1 ). 2-1 () ( 3-2 ). 2-2 ( ) - 37 - 37. 2. (Gap Shear) . . . . 2-3 3. (Up-Cut Shear) . . , .- 38 - 38. 4. (Swing Shear) . .2-2. .1. , . . 2 .2. . , 1.6mm, 2.3mm, 3.2mm, 4.5mm, 6.5mm, 10mm, 13mm, 16mm, 20mm 55mm . , 600mm, 1,000mm, 1,280mm, 2,060mm, 2,600mm, 3,100mm, 4,000mm 6,000mm . - 39 - 39. , 2.3mm3,100mm , , .2-3. .1. .2. ( ) .3. .4. .5. .6. .- 40 - 40. 3 - 41 - 41. 1 . (Single Crank Press) (Single Crankless Press), , , , .1-1. 1. 11 . . 1-1 1 () , 1-2 C (). 1-3 C . . () .- 43 - 42. 11a 1b (Bolster) (Slide)2 3 2a 2b 3a (Crank Shaft) (Connecting rod) 3b 3c 3d (Belt Pulley) V (V Belt) 3e 3f 4 (Fly Wheel)5a 5b 6a (Friction Clutch) (Brake) 4 5 6 - 44 - 43. 6b, , , , , . (Adjust screw)7 8 9 10 8 9 10a(Gib) (Knock Out Beam) (Frame)11 10b 10c 6b (Crank Shaft Bearing) (, )12 13 12a 13 P 1-36 (Die Cushion) ()7D() 1-1 - 45 - 44. , 1c 6c 6d 9a 9b 10d 10e 12a() (Cam Switch Box) (Gear Cover) (Fly Wheel Cover) () 1-1 1-2 C (1) (1a, 1b, 1c) () (Bolster : 1a), () (Slide : 1b).- 46 - 45. (Bed : 10b) , (Crank Shaft : 2a) (Connection rod : 2b) , (Gib) (8) . T , (Shank) (1c) .(2) (Slide) (2a, 2b, 2c) . (Crank Shaft : 2a) (Connection rod) .(3) (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) . (3a), (3b), V-(3c), (4), (5a), (3d), (3e, 3f) ( ) (Fly wheel) , . .(4) (4) , . (4). . - 47 - 46. , 2c 6e 6f 6g 7a 12b 1-1 1-3 C (5) (5a, 5b) (5a) (5b) . , , , . 2 . - 48 - 47. (6) (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, ) . (Positive Clutch) ( )() , (Friction Clutch) . 3 . (, , ) , , , , , () . . , (Combination Clutch) , (Separation Clutch) . , , 2 . , .(7) (, ) (7, 7a) . (7) . ( : Die Height .) . - 49 - 48. (8) (8) (8) . , , (4, 6, 8 ) .(9) (Knock out : 9, 9a, 9b) , (9) (9a), (9b) .(10) (10) , (10) . C O(Straight Side) , (Open Back : Power Press ) (Solid Back : Eccentric Press ) , (200 ) (150 ) .Open Back(Power Press) CSolid Back(Eccentric Press) ( 200) O( 150)- 50 - 49. (11) (6b) ( ) , , , , (Non Fuse Breaker) , . (12a, 12b) (13) . , , , , , , . , ( ), , .2. . 11 . 1-4 , . 200 .( 300 .) . ( ) . 13 .- 51 - 50. 1-4 2 - 52 - 51. 1-5 . (A) (B) (E) (C) . (Crankless) . 1-6 2 . . 1-5 1-6 2 , , (Encolse) , (Open) . .3. , . - 53 - 52. , , . () 2 . 1520 . . 1-7 . ( ) ( ) . 2 . 2 . 1-7 - 54 - 53. () 1-8 1-9 - 55 - 54. 4. . . , . . 1-10 - 56 - 55. ABC1D E FG H I 1-11 - 57 - 56. 5. . 2 ( ) . . . , 2050 (25) .6. 1 X, Y .T Y X (T) (1) NC (2) NC - 58 - 57. (3) O (4) C 1-12 1-2. 1. () , , , , , , . C, O (Tie-rod) (Frame) , (Arch), (Horn), (Adjustable Bed) . C , 250 . (Straight Side) . (Single Crank) 250 , (Double Crank) 150 . . ( 1-13 ) 1-14 (Crown) .- 59 - 58. 1-13 1-14 2. , 1 , 2 . , , , (Single Crank), (Double Crank) . (Crankless) , 2 , , , . 1 1, 2 2, 4 4 .3. (Positive Clutch) (Sliding Pin) 1-15 (Rolling Key) 1-16 , (Friction Clutch) . 1-1 , . - 60 - 59. (Stroke) , . 1-2 . , . 1-15 - 61 - 60. 1-16 (P.C) (F.C)2. 3. , 6. 7. 10. 11. 1. 4. 5. 8. (, ) 9. 12. 1-1 - 62 - 61. (SP)(R.K)2. 3. (Back Pin) 4. 5. 6. 150 s. p. m 300 s. p. m 1. 7. () 8. () 9. 1-2 1 1 , . 1 1 . , . , , (Oil) . 12 , 46 . . 1-17 1-18 2 , , , . , . - 63 - 62. , 2 , (Eddy Current Clutch) . 1-17C 1-18 - 64 - 63. . (1) , , , . , , , . , . . , , . , . 10 . 1-19, 20, 21- 65 - 64. 1-19 - 66 - 65. 1-20 1-21 - 67 - 66. (2) . . , (Knocking) 1-23 (Back lash) , . . 1-22 - 68 - 67. 1-23 . . . 3 . , 1-23 , . . ( 1-25 )- 69 - 68. 1-24 1-25 - 70 - 69. . (1) , (Drum) 1-26 . , , . , , . , . , , . , . . , ( ) . , , , , . , , . 1-28 .- 71 - 70. 1-26 1-27 - 72 - 71. 1-28 (2) . , . 1-29 , , , . . (Drive shaft) .- 73 - 72. 27 13 26 12 25 11 24 10 23 9 22 NUT821 FLY WHEEL7 20 6 19 5 18 4 17 3 16 2 15 1 14 NO PARTNAMENO PARTNAME 1-29 , . . 2 . . , .- 74 - 73. (Stroke) . , (Stop Time) . ( ) , .4. 1-30 (Shoe), (Cam Shoe), (Bend), (Cam Bend) 1-31 . , . . 100 . 1-30 - 75 - 74. . 1 . (Housing) . . , (Oil Tank) (Oil) . 1-31 - 76 - 75. . (Shoe) (Bend) . , . . . () 100 . 1-32 . 1 () , 2 (2 ) . . - 77 - 76. 1-33 1-34 . () () 1-33 1-34 - 78 - 77. 5. . (Over Run) (Crank Pin) . . 150 s. p. m +15 , 300 s. p. m +25 . .. 1 . . 1 1 . 1-35 A B (D) (E) (C) 1-35(c) . , B (a ) () A .- 79 - 78. B B b A () . A , B . B . AB . . , , , . , . ( ) , , , . , . , , . .- 80 - 79. 1-35 . , , , , , ( ) , . . () () (Bolster) . . . 1-36 . .- 81 - 80. . , . . 1-36 . . . () . (Balance Cylinder) . . (Shear) .- 82 - 81. . . 1-37 . 1-38 . .- 83 - 82. . , , , . . 1-39 1-39 . , , 1500mm 700mm (Key Lock) . ( ) 1 . ON, OFF . OFF .- 84 - 83. . . , . , , . , . . . (, , ) . . (Die Cushion) (Bellows)1-40, 1-41, 1-42 . , . . 56/ , 1-40 30/ (CushionCylinder) 56 .- 85 - 84. 1-41 1-42 , (Locking) . .- 86 - 85. . , . , , , . (Relay), IC , , . , . , .- 87 - 86. 2 2-1. . (kN) . . () . (/sec) . (/sec) . (/sec) . () . () . (ms) . () . () . (MPa)- 88 - 87. 2-2. , () . . . . , , , . . ( ) kN() . ( , MPa) . 10kN kN . ( /min) . 50300/s, 5150/s . 10MPa (100 kgf/) 25MPa (250kgf/) . 7MPa (70kgf/), 40MPa (400kgf/) . .- 89 - 88. 14MPa (140kgf/) 21MPa(210kgf/) . . .1. . , , , , , , , . 2-1, 4() 2-2, C 2-3 . 3 . 2-1 , . . . .- 90 - 89. 2-1 2-2 - 91 - 90. 2-3C 2-2 . . . , . C C . , , . 2-4 .2. () . . 3 .- 92 - 91. () . . . . . . . 2-4 - 93 - 92. . . 1 . 1 . 2-1 . 2-2 . 2-1 2-2 - 1 - 1 - 94 - 93. . 2 . . . . 2-5 , . . . . - . . - . 1 2 - 2 . 2-6 , . - . , , , . - -, - 2 . , 2 , . - . - 95 - 94. 2-5 2-6 - 96 - 95. . . , , , . (1) . , . () 2-7 . , . , . . 1520 . . 28 . . 2-8(a) , 2-8(b) 0 .- 97 - 96. 2-7 2-8 () 2-9 . 20 40 1 . . . 2-10 . . 42MPa(420kgf/) . - 98 - 97. 2-9 2-10 (2) . 2-11, 2-12 . 2-11 . . 2-12 . - . , .- 99 - 98. 2-11 ( ) 2-12 ( )(3) . . 30 (300kgf/) . - 100 - 99. 2-13 3. , , . , , , . . ( ) . . . , , -, . , , , , , . , , , . .- 101 - 100. . . . . (1) . ISO VG3268 . (2) . . . V.I 100, . (3) . (4) . (5) . . . 0.1%. 0.03% . (6) . . . . - 102 - 101. (7) . . (8) . , . (9) . 2.5 . +10 . (10) . . . . 45 10 . . . .4. () . , , . , , .- 103 - 102. . , , , , , . (1) (2) (3) . . (F) F=(P) (A) . . . . : : : : . . .- 104 - 103. . () . ()5. . , , , . 2-14 . .- 105 - 104. 2-14 . , . 2-15 2-16 2-17 . , , , , , , , . . . , , , , ,, , . . V, U . , . . . .- 106 - 105. 2-15 2-16 - 107 - 106. 2-17 - 108 - 107. 6. , . 2-18 . . . (2-4-1) 2-18 2-3. . . , , , , . , , , . 2-19 - 109 - 108. 1. . () 2-21. . . 2-19 2. , , , , - . . () .- 110 - 109. 2-203. . (), . 1 . , .- 111 - 110. . () 5 . . ( ) . . . . () . 2-21 - 112 - 111. . . ( ). .4. . . . . , , , .5. (1) 0.50.7MPa(57kgf/) 10kN(1Ton) . (2) . (3) . (4) . (5) , . (6) . - 113 - 112. (7) . (8) . (9) .6. . , . . . . . .- 114 - 113. 2-23 . . , . 525 , . .- 115 - 114. 3 3-1. .1. ( ) , ( ) , . .2. , , , . . .- 116 - 115. 3-1 , . , . ( 3-1 ). . , . - 117 - 116. 3. (1 ) , . , . () , . , . . 3-2 - 118 - 117. 4. ( ) , , . . ( 20%) 3-3, ( 3-3, 3-4 ) . (1) , ( 3-3, 3-6-1, 3-6-2, 3-10 ) .- 119 - 118. 3-4, , (2) ( ) , . , . .- 120 - 119. () () 3-5, - 121 - 120. 12mm 3-6-2 3-6-1 ( 3-7 ).5. . ( ) . () ( 3-5, 6, 7 ). - 122 - 121. 3-7 . , . () . - 123 - 122. ( ) . . . , , , , . 3-8 - 124 - 123. 3-96. , . ( ) , . , . 2 , 2 ( 3-10, 11 ).- 125 - 124. 3-10 3-11 - 126 - 125. , () , . . , . , 7080 . (2)(1) 3-12 - 127 - 126. 7. . , . . . , , . 3-13 , , . .8. , - 128 - 127. ( 3-10-1, 2, 3 ). . , 3-14-1 . 3-14-2( )- 129 - 128. , . ( 3-15-1, 2 ) . 3-14-3 3-15-1 - 130 - 129. A 3-15-2 9. 17 . . () . , . . - 131 - 130. 10. (1) , . 3-16 . (a) 1 . (a) . . . (a)(b) 3-16 (b) . (a), (b) . (2) , , , , ( 3-17 ). 3-18 , , . - 132 - 131. 3-17 A-A AA 3-18 - 133 - 132. (1) , . , .3-2. , . .1. (Guillotine Shear) 3-19 . . . . 3-19 - 134 - 133. (1) , . (2) , , . . . 3-20 - 135 - 134. 2. , ( ) . 3-8 . .- 136 - 135. 4 - 137 - 136. 1. () ( ) () () () , 2. () , ( ) () ( ) - 139 - 137. 3. () () , , , , , 4. , 5. , , - 140 - 138. 6. () () 2m 90 120 , 10 7. () 250 350 () 150 () () 90 , 7m 2.5m () 60 () 6m - 141 - 139. 8. , (Upright) , () () () () 9. () () () , , , - 142 - 140. 10. (, )() . () 1-1 a-b /50 .11. () , () () - 143 - 141. 12. 500 a - 1 - 0.5 . , 13. , . .- 144 - 142. 14. () () () (R : ) - 30Ton : 3R - 30Ton 100Ton : 4R - 100Ton : 5R .() . - (R : ) 30Ton : 2R 30Ton 100Ton : 3R 100Ton: 4R .- 145 - 143. () () . - () - 30Ton : 1 - 30Ton 100Ton : 1.5 - 100Ton : 2 . () 0.3 - . - 146 - 144. () () .() () 1 . - - 147 - 145. () () - 30Ton : 0.5 - - 30Ton 100Ton : 1 - 100Ton : 1.5 . . - 148 - 146. () () 1/3 .() () 1 .- 149 - 147. 15. R- () (R : ) () - 30Ton : 2.5R - 30Ton 100Ton : 5R - 300Ton : 6R .() R- () (R : ) - 30Ton : 3R - 30Ton 100Ton : 6R - 300Ton : 7R .- 150 - 148. () () 3 . () () . , - 151 - 149. () () .() () 1 . - 152 - 150. () 16. . () () () () () . . (1) , , , (2) . , , , , - 153 - 151. 17. () , , () , () . () .18. () . - , . () . .- 154 - 152. () () 1/3 . : 0.2 . () : () . - 155 - 153. () : () . , , () : () , , . , , - 156 - 154. 19. () . () (1) () () . (2) . (3) , , , () () - 157 - 155. 20. () . () () () 10 . 1 - 158 - 156. () () . 21. () . () , (foot) - 159 - 157. () () . - 160 - 158. () () () . . () - 161 - . 159. 22. () , , , . () () () . ( ) - 162 - 160. () () () () . () . () , . () .() - 163 - 161. 23. , 24. - 164 - 162. 25. () () () , () 26. - 165 - 163. 27. . () () (1) . . , , (2) , - 166 - 164. () () (1) . . (2) () () . . - 167 - 165. () () . () .28. () , , () () () () , .() . () , , , . / , - 168 - 166. () () , .() () () / () , , . () , , . () , .() () .() ( ) - 169 - 167. 29. , () , () () 300 .() . .() (1) 1 () (2) (3) () . .() .- 170 - 168. 30. , , () (1) (2) () , , . . . .(3) () ( , , ) () , () () , () , , . .() .() , .- 171 - 169. 31. () () () 32. () () () , , , .() () .() 1/2 () 4mm . . - 172 - 170. 33. . () () , . () () V/(1,000+KW )M . 150V : 0.1M 150V 300V : 0.2M 300V 400V : 0.3M 400V : 0.4M() () . - 173 - 171. () () . , , , . () , () . - 174 - 172. () , , (1) , , (2) () . . , () . () . . () () . - 175 - 173. 34. () () () . . . . , () , , , .- 176 - 174. () (1) , () , . .(2) () () , , , . - 177 - . 175. 35. () () () (1) , , . . (2) () (1) . , 1 . (2) 80% , - 178 - 176. () () 0 , 0 . 2/3 () () . - 179 - 177. () () . () () . (1) , , . (2) - 180 - 178. 36. () () , .() () .- 181 - 179. () () . 37. . . 50 50, 50 300 100, 300 150 - 182 - 180. 38. () () . , . , , () () () () / , () () . . , , , ., , .() () , / . () () () () .- 183 - 181. () 39. 300 , , () . () () . . () () . (1) 1 . () (2) () . (3) 40. , , () (1) (2) (3) () , , . . . .- 184 - 182. () ( , , () , , . ) . () () () , . () , () , .- 185 - 183. 5 - 187 - 184. 1 1-1. 4 4 . , . () , . () , , . () , . () , 1-2. 1. . . (1) (Inching) (2) . - 189 - 185. (3) . (4) () . . . . (1) ( 180mm) . (2) 1-1 . 1-1 (mm)700600500400300200 (mm)700600450300200100(3) 400mm . (4) . y = 6 + 0.15 x (x < 160 mm) y = 30 mm(x 160 mm) x y x - 190 - 186. 1-1 (5) . (6) . (7) . (8) . . 1-2 (Friction Clutch) (Positive Clutch) . . LS3 . .- 191 - 187. LS1 . LS5 . . 1-2 - 192 - 188. 1-3 1-3 C A , A . A B A B . C A , A . . 2 . .- 193 - 189. . (Hand In Die) . 5mm , .2. . (1) . , . (2) , 0.5 . (3) . (4) . (5) 300mm . (6) . (7) 20% . (8) , , .- 194 - 190. . 2 , . (1) . (2) . 2 . . , . 1-4 .- 195 - 191. 1-4 1-5 - 196 - 192. (3) . , 1-5 . (4) . , . . 1.6m 2 . T , Ts . , . .- 197 - 193. () D = 1.6 (TL + Ts) D (mm) TL + Ts : ( : ms)() .Dm = 1.6 Tm Dm = ( : mm) Tm = ( : ms) Tm = (1 / +1/2) 60,000 / (s. p. m) .1) C D a + b + 1/3 L . D : a : b : L : - 198 - 194. 1-6C 2) D < a + b + 1/3 LB+1/6 LB . D = a : b : L : LB : 1-7 - 199 - 195. 3) D a + (b - 1/3 L ) D = a = b = L = 1-8 D = 1.6 (TL + Ts) 1-10 TL + Ts = 150 ms 240mm . 1-9 1-10 . 1-9 (, 0 ) , - 200 - 196. 1.6m . , CA . D = 1.6Tm CA = Tm ( ms) BA 1.600mm , 1.6m YX CB = 1.6Tm ( mm) Dm = 1.6Tm Dm = CB . 1-9 ( ) - 201 - 197. 1-10 CB 1-9 200, 4 Tm = 225 ( ms) Dm = 360 ( mm) . Tm = (1 / + 1/2) X 60,000/S.P.M Dm = 1.6Tm = 1.6 X 225 = 360mm . 0 , . Dm = 1.6 Tm 1-11 1-9 . 1 4 1 4 . - 202 - 198. 1-11( ) S.P.M , 1-10 . (5) 2 . .3. . . - 203 - 199. . (1) 3 . . (2) . (3) 4.0m . (4) . (5) ( : A-2) . (6) 20% . (7) . (8) . (9) 30mm 15% . (10) 30ms . (11) 300ms .- 204 - 200. . (1) (2) 4 . (Photo Transister) . 1-12 1-13 - 205 - 201. (3) () , . , 1-14 . 1-14 () (Pulse) . . () . () , . , .- 206 - 202. . . , , , . 1-5 . . 2 , . .4. 1-15 (Wrist Band) , .- 207 - 203. 1-15 . (1) ( ) . (2) . (3) 4mm . (4) . (5) . (6) . (7) 150Kg . (8) 50Kg . (9) . (10) 1/2 . - 208 - 204. . . 1-2 (t) (mm)4 12#1.40 80 (S.P.M) #2.120 120 230 150 400#1.50mm 12 25 #1.40 150 #2.120 160 350 300 450#2.100 S. P. M .25 5050 180100200 400 350 50050 8070 220100240 450 450 65080 10080 30080300 500 550 800. 1-15 . () () . . . 2 . , . , . - 209 - 205. 5. , . 1-16 . E E G D H . (Arm) B A D . I F D . C . 1-16 - 210 - 206. 1-17 1-18 . (1) 3/4 . (2) . (3) . (4) 1/2 300mm 300mm . (5) . . , .- 211 - 207. . 1-19 , 6. . , .- 212 - 208. , . 1-20 1-3. , . .- 213 - 209. 1. . (1) S.P.M 120 . (2) , , . . (1) S.P.M 120 40mm . (2) . (3) . . (1) S.P.M 120 40mm . (2) . (3) . . (1) . (2) , , . (3) . . (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) .- 214 - 210. 2. 1-3 . 1-3 120SPM120SPM120SPM120SPM XOOO XXOO OXOXOXOX- 215 - 211. 3. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . 2 . . . . .- 216 - 212. 2 2-1. (1) 1. . 2. . 3. . 1. . 2. , , , , . 3. , . 4. , , . 5. , . 6. . 1 11. 1 1. () 300mm, . 2. . 3. , . 4. . 5. . 6. 1. . 2. , , .(2) ( ) ()1. , 2. , . 3. 0 , . 4. .- 217 - 213. (2) 1. , . () 1. . 2. . 3. . 1. , , . 2. , , . 3. . 1. . 1. . 2. . 3. . 1. 1 . 2. . 3. , , . 4. , . 5. . 1. . 2. . 1. , . 1. .(3) (4) 1. . 2. . 3. , . 1. . 2. . 1. 2. . 3. 1. , , , .(5) - 218 - 214. 2-2. 1. , . . . . . . . . . 1 1 30 . . . . 15mm . , ON . . .- 219 - 215. 2. . , . , , . . , . , . , . . 1 30 1 . .- 220 - 216. 3. . , , . , , . . . . ON , . . .- 221 - 217. 4. , . . . . . . 1/2 . . , . . . , .- 222 - 218. 5. 30mm (Sweep) . , . (1) (1) . (2) . (2) . . , .- 223 - 219. 6 - 225 - 220. 1 1-1. . . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) . . .1-2. 1. (Vernier Calipers) , , , , . 0.05 0.02 .- 227 - 221. . (KS) M1, M2, CB, CM 4 30 . 1-1 . 1-1 - . - , , , M10.02 0.05. - . - 1 19 20 . - . - , , , M20.02. - 0.5 24.5 25 . - . - , 5 .CB0.05- , . - 0.5 12 25 .- 228 - 222. - . - , ,CM0.02 0.055 . - , . - 0.5 49 50 . - 0.02 0.05 . - 5 1 5 . - , 0.05, , , , . - 0.05 . - 0.01 0.02 .0.05- , .- 229 - 223. . (M ) () () . 150, 200, 300 . . 1-1 . 1 .- 230 - 224. (1) () . (Jaw) . 1-2 () . , . . 1-3 - 231 - 225. () . () . . 1-4 () . . 1-5 - 232 - 226. () . . 1-6 () . () (Bar) . () . 1-7 - 233 - 227. (2) (n-1) n 1 20 . 19 20 1, 1 -19 20=1 2019 20 0.05 . 1-8 S 1 , V 1 , C (n-1) S = nV V = S C = S - V = S -S S= n , 1 1 S/n . 1-2 . 1-2 (KS B5203) 19 20139 20 0.05100 1700.0260 15049 50 0.512 25 24.5 25- 234 - 228. 1-8 () 1-9 1/20 1-9 0 7 . 4.(*) 1/20. 7 + (0.05 4) = 7.2, 7.2.- 235 - 229. () 1-10 1/50 1-10 0 4.5 . 11 . 1/50. 4.5 + (0.02 11) = 4.72, 4.72 . . , , , , . (1) () , , , . () 0 . . 35 .- 236 - 230. (2) () .( .) () (Abbes Principle) . () . () .( ) () M . () , , , 1-11 , . 1-11 - 237 - 231. (3) (Chip) . . .2. (Micrometer) . 0.01 0.001 . , , .[ 1-12] - 238 - 232. [ 1-13] [ 1-14] . , (), ratchet stop . . [ 1-15] .[ 1-15] - 239 - 233. . (1) , ratchet stop . (2) 0 . 0 . (3) 100 [ 1-16] () thimble . () , thimble (counter) thimble . 0 .[ 1-16] (4) () . , . () 0 . 25 0 .- 240 - 234. [ 1-17] 0 () . . () . () , 23 .[ 1-18] () . . () .. (1) .( 1, 0.5 )- 241 - 235. (2) . (3) . [ 1-19] 3. (Dial Gauge) , . . (1) . , , , .- 242 - 236. 1-20 , 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 0.01 0.001 . 10 100 1 1 . , 20 . . (2) , . - 243 - 1-21 237. , , , . 0.01 0.8 0.002 0.2 . (3) 1-22 . 0.01 5. (4) (Cylinder Gauge) 718 , (Rod) 18400 . . 1-23 - 244 - 238. (5) , , , , . . , , . (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . (5) , . (6) 1 0.01 0.001 . . . 1-24 - 245 - 239. 4. (Height Gauge) . 0.02 0.05 2 . 150, 200, 300, 500, 1000 . . HT, HM, HB , , . (1) HT 0 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. . 1-25 HT .6. 8. 9. 10. 1-25HT (2) HM 0 . 1-26 (3) HB . 1-27- 246 - 240. 1. 3. 2. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 5. 6. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 1-26HM 1-27HB (4) 2 0.01 . . (1) . (2) . (3) 0 . (4) . (5) , . (6) . (7) () .- 247 - 241. (8) , .5. (Thickness Gauge) . , , , 1-28 . 1-28. , . . (1) (Lip) . (2) .- 248 - 242. 6. . , . . (1) (Lock) . (2) (0) (0) 0 . (3) (Range) . (4) . (5) . (6) 1 . . (1) . (2) . (3) IC , , IC .- 249 - 243. 7. . (1) . (2) () . . ()(1) Lock . (2) Zero(0) Zero(0) . (3) . (4) - - . (5) 1 . (6) ( ) . (1) . (2) . (3) IC . (4) - .- 250 - 244. 8. (-) . . . (1) - . (2) . . (3) - .( ) (4) . (5) ON . (6) . (7) OFF. . (1) . (2) 1 OFF. ON . (3) . . (4) 1 R.S.T. 1 - 251 - 245. 0 .9. . . . 1-29 . 1-29 , , , , , . , . , ( ), () .- 252 - 246. . , , . (1) A,B,C . 31.58,000. 1-30(2) . 706,000. (3) 2012,500 . () , . . - 253 - 247. (4) . , . . 5010,000 , . . . .. . 1m . JIS . ( 20 ) - 15 ( 50 ) - 30 ( 50 ) - 1 , . . .- 254 - 248. , . () . . () . () A . () (Slow), (Fast) . () . 1-31(a) . . 1-31(b) , . 1-31(c) . .- 255 - 249. (a) (b) (c) , (d) , 1-31 1-31(d) 90% . 5 ( 1-32) 10dB 50 10dB 25 .- 256 - 250. 1-32 - 257 - 251. 2 2-1. , NDT NDI . . . , . . 2-1 RT UT , , - 258 -PT MT , , 252. 2-2. (Visual Inspection) . . , , , , . .2-3. (Ultrasonic Inspection) , 0.515MHz . . 330m/s, 1,500m/s, 6,000m/s 100% . . (a) (b) (c) .1. 2-1(a) - 259 - 253. S R . . , . 2-12. 2-1 . (Oscillo-graph) 2-1(d) .- 260 - 254. 3. () 2-1(c) .4. () 2-2 . . 2-25. (Magnetic Flux Inspection) . . .- 261 - 255. 2-3 . 5 2-4 . 2-4- 262 - 256. (a) () (b) (c) (d) (e) . () 500500A . () , , . .2-4. x . . x . 60(Co60), 134(Cs134), 192(Ir192) . X .1. X x x . x , , . x . x . x 2-5 t Iy/Ix = e+ cIx : x Iy : ( c) : x - 263 - 257. x x c . Iy/Ix () x .2. X X 150400KV, 2-5X X 125200KV 50 2 . 2-1 . 10,000KV, 2,000KV X . 1 X . X .3. X . . -X (1) ( KV p) (2) ( mA) (3) (4) - 264 - 258. (5) X (6) (7) (8) . (Penetrameter) 2% . . KS . 7 10 550 0.1, 0.2, 1.0 0.1 10 2% . 2-6 - 265 - 259. < 2-2 (D) (L)F0220300.10 0.125 0.16 0.20 0.25 0.32 0.40340F0410~4015~600.20 0.25 0.32 0.40 0.50 0.64 0.80440F0820~8030~1300.40 0.50 0.64 0.80 1.00 1.25 1.60660F1640~16060~3000.80 1.00 1.25 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.201060F3280~320130~5001.60 2.00 2.50 3.20 4.00 5.00 6.001560KS D 3556 5% 15%1 . X . 2-3 50kV X 100kV X 150kV X 250kV X 400kV X 1000kV X 2000kV X 15 MeV 24 MeV Ra C060 192 Ir 137 Cs () 0.120.60 1.04.8 25 38 50 75 75 100 25225 25175 25225 30300 50500 25100 25150 1270 2075 - 266 -2.012 1225 100 160 25200 300 25225 325 25300 400 25 - 260. 4. X X X .5. X X . (Radioisotope) . . Co60 Cs134 Ir102 . AI .2-5. (Penetrant Tset : PT) , , 3 , , , , Crack 100 .1. (PT) . , . - 267 - 261. . Crack, Pinhole, . . Tank, , , . , , , , 2. 2-7 . .3. , , , Crack 100 .- 268 - 262. 4. .(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) , . (1) (2) (3) (4) : 15~52 (5) (6) 5. (PT) . . . . . 510 .- 269 - 263. . . . . . 71 . , .- 270 - 264. 6.( () ) 2-4- 271 - 265. 7. 2-5- 272 - 266. 7 - 273 - 267. ton 1 2 3 . ( ) . . . , . , ( ) . 1) ( ) 2) 4) 5) 6) . . , 1) , 2) , 3) 4) , , 5) 6) 7) - 275 - 268. 45678 , , , . . 2m 1) 90 120 , 2) 10 250 350 . . 150 . . 90 , 7m 2.5m . 60 . 6m , (Upright) , . . . . - 276 - 269. 910 . . . , , , . , . [ 1-1] a-b