Живопис Богородице Перивлепте

119

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The thematic repertoire of frescoes in the Church of the Virgin Peribleptos in Ohrid is presented systematically and in detail. The list of representations includes a number of scenes and individual fi gures of saints who were not identi-fi ed earlier on, or were incorrectly identifi ed. In addition to that, the inscriptions on the scrolls of saints in the naos and narthex have been published, as well as the ktetors inscrip-tion and the inscriptions written in acronymic form beside the apotropaic crosses. The paper also deals with some fea-tures of the iconographic program.Key words: Church of the Virgin Peribleptos in Ohrid, icon-ographic program, crosses with cryptograms, Byzantine painting ,

- , II , . .

*

** ,

UDC 75.052.046.3(497.7 Ohrid)12DOI 10.2298/ZOG1135119M

. , 1294. 1295. -. , - . , .1 - , , .2 - , .3 , -, , - - .

,4 79. .5 .6 .

* , 2010. - je , (. . 177032), .

**[email protected] v. . -

, , 1990, 8493, 98101; M. Markovi, The Painter Eutychios Father of Michael Astrapas and Protomaster of the Frescoes in the Church of the Virgin Peribleptos in Ohrid, 38 (2010) 18 (n. 6), 22 (n. 7).

2 . (, 84101). 1990. v. n. 267 supra.

3 Cf. . , . (. ) , 2 (1961) 7489 ( , ); R. Hamann-Mac Lean, H. Hallensleben, Die Monumentalmalerei in Serbien und Makedonien vom 11. bis zum frhen 14. Jahrhundert. Bildband, Giesen 1963, Plan 2022 ( : Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei in Serbien und Makedonien, Teil IIII, mit Denkmlerkarte und Beilagen, Giesen 1976, Ergnzungen und Berichtigungen zu Plan 2022); . -, , 1967, 4851, . IVI; T. Velmans, La peinture murale byzantine la fi n du Moyen ge, Paris 1977, 167168; J. Poposka, Church Mother of God Peribleptos St. Clement, Ohrid 2006, 3377.

4 F. Mesesnel, Ohrid, Skoplje 1934, 42; , op. cit., 84.5 , op. cit., 84, . 12 (

, ); . -, . , 3 (1967) 77 (- - 80. ); . , , 2001, 5 ( , , 79, 1516; - 80. . ).

6 , op. cit., 84.

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, - (,7 ,8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ,12 ,13 ,14 ,15 ,16 17 18). - (, , ; . 1),19

13 , op. cit., 85; , op. cit., 5 ( 9, 1).

14 , op. cit., 85; , op. cit., 5 ( 71, 6).

15 , op. cit., 85; , op. cit., 5 ( 2, 14). Cf. , -, 21, 24, n. 88, - 8, 7. , , .

16 , op. cit., 85; , op. cit., 5 ( 3, 8).

17 , op. cit., 5 ( 4, 6).

18 , op. cit., 85; , op. cit., 5 ( 19, 1).

19 , op. cit., 85; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 2122; . . , - . , Balcanoslavica 3436 (20042006) 123127, . 133135 ( ). , -

. 1. . , , . : . .

Fig. 1. St. John the evangelist, detail. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, north-eastern pendentive. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. 2. . , . : . .

Fig. 2. St. Stephen the fi rst martyr. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, passage between the diakonikon and the bema.

Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

7 , op. cit., 84; , op. cit., 5 ( 37, 1).

8 , op. cit., 84; , op. cit., 5 ( 9, 9).

9 , op. cit., 84; , op. cit., 5 ( 3, 36).

10 , op. cit., 84; , op. cit., 5 ( 3, 3).

11 , op. cit., 85; , op. cit., 5 ( 2, 44).

12 , op. cit., 85; , op. cit., 5 ( 11, 17); . , . - , 40/1 (2007) 20, 24, n. 70 ( 66, 18). . - , , 36. (36, 24): () [] [].

121

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( )20 .21

- ,22 .23 ( 24 25 , 26 27 ). ( 28 29) - . - . ( ,30 , ,31 , ,32 ,33 ,34 ,35 36), ( ,37 ,38 ,39 ,40 41) ( ,42 ,43 ,44 ,45 46) . .47 ,48 ( ,49 50). . , , , . ,51 52 .53 - , - (,54 ,55 ,56 ,57 ,58 59). 60 ,61 , (,62 ,63 ,64 ,65 66

28 , , 74; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a ); , , 62, 64 ( ).

29 , , 74; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a ); , , 64 ( ).

30 , op. cit., 74; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.

31 Ibid. 32 Ibid. 33 Ibid.34 , op. cit., 74; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit.,

Pl. 22.35 Ibid. 36 Ibid.37 , op. cit., 75; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit.,

Pl. 21.38 Ibid. 39 Ibid. 40 Ibid.41 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.42 , op. cit., 74; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit.,

Pl. 22.43 Ibid. 44 Ibid. 45 Ibid. 46 Ibid.47 , op. cit., 7778.48 , op. cit., 7677.49 -, , 49.50 , op. cit., 75. 51 , op. cit., 77.52 Ibid. 53 Ibid. 54 Ibid. 55 Ibid.56 S. Dufrenne, Problmes iconographiques dans la peinture mo-

numentale du dbut du XIVe sicle, in: XIV . , 1973, ed. . , 1978, 34, n. 37 ( , e); . , , 37 (1998) 124, n. 15 [ : () )].

57 , op. cit., 77.58 Ibid. 59 Ibid. 60 Ibid. 61 Ibid. 62 Ibid. 63 Ibid. 64 Ibid.65 Ibid. 66 Ibid.

. 3. . , . : . .

Fig. 3. St. Gregory of Great Armenia. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, south wall of the diakonikon. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. , , . , : ()

20 , op. cit., 85; -, , 48; , , 127129, . . 136.

21 -, , 48; , , 127130, . . 136.

22 , op. cit., 77.23 , op. cit., 7576.24 , , 74; Hamann-Mac

Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; G. Babi, Ch. Walter, The Inscripti-ons upon Liturgical Rolls in Byzantine Apse Decoration, REB 34 (1976) 275 (a e ); . . , . , Patrimonium.Mk II/3-6 (20082009) 59, 62 ( ).

25 , , 74; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a ); , , 62 ( ).

26 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a -); , , 62 ( ).

27 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a ); , , 62 ( ).

122

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,67 ,68 ,69 ,70 ,71 ,72 ,73 ,74 ,75 76 77). 78 .79 , , , . .

( ) . 80 ,81 (. 2) 82 .83

.84 , ,85 , .86 - , .87

: ()88 - ().89 90 ,91 ( ,92 - 93 94). , , .95 . , (. 3),96 ,

67 S. Dufrenne, Lenrichissemnet du programme iconographique dans les glises byzantines du XIIIme sicle, in: Lart byzantin du XIIIe sicle. Sympo-sium de Sopoani, 1965, ed. V. J. Djuri, Beograd 1967, 40 ( , , ); . , - , 33 (2009) 9698 ( ). : () M().

68 , op. cit., 77.69 Ibid. 70 Ibid. 71 Ibid. 72 Ibid. 73 Ibid. 74 Ibid. 75 Ibid.76 Ibid. 77 Ibid. 78 Ibid. 79 Ibid.80 , op. cit., 83.81 Ibid.82 , op. cit., 8182.

. , . , , , - . : (= ; 56. ). .

83 , op. cit., 81.84 Ibid. 85 , op. cit., 80.86 Ibid. 87 Ibid. 88 Ibid.89 , op. cit., 79.90 Ibid. 91 Ibid. 92 Ibid.93 , op. cit., 79; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit.,

Pl. 21.94 , op. cit., 79; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit.,

Pl. 21. .

95 Poposka, Church, 38 ( , - ), 124 ( ); , , 72, 75 ( , 2 2, 2); , - , 93, . 8.

96 , op. cit., 79 ( ); Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20 ( ?); Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 ( ; a - ); Poposka, Church, 3839 ( ); , , 65, 74 ( ; ). , -, : , ( ) , . ( , , -, ) , . , , : () | .

. 4a. . , . : . .

Fig. 4a. St. Achilleios. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, south wall of the diakonikon. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. 4. . , . (

)Fig. 4b. St. Achilleios, detail. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos,

south wall of the diakonikon (digitally processed image, emphasizing traces of the inscription with the saint`s name)

123

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,97 (. 4).98 , , . - , ,99 , , .100

- .101

. 5. . , . : . .

Fig. 5. St. Modestus of Jerusalem. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, south wall of the prothesis. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. 6. . , . : . .

Fig. 6. St. Daniel the Stylite. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, northern double light window of the nave. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. 7. , . : . .

Fig. 7. Finding of the Child Jesus in the Temple (Luke 2, 4849). Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, south-western bay of the nave.


101 , , 83 ( ). cf. A. Grabar, Sur les sources des peintres byzantins des XIIIe et XIVe sicles, CA 12 (1962) 362, n. 6 [ , (speculum), ]; -, , 50 (- ); G. Babi, Les chapelles annexes des glises byzantines. Fonction liturgique et programmes iconographiques, Paris 1969, 135136 ( ); Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei, zu Plan 22, 47 ( ); . , , in: II . 650 , 1987, ed. . . , 1991, 383 ( , -

97 , op. cit., 79; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a ); , , 75 ( ).

98 , op. cit., 79 ( : .....); Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a - ); Poposka, Church, 39 ( , ); , , 75 ( ). , , - () e (. 4). - ( , , ). , v. . , , -. 3 (2001) 1923; . , - , 2005, 161163.

99 , op. cit., 79.100 C. Grozdanov, Saint Astios de Dyrrachion dans la peinture du

oyen ge, in: , ed. . --, . , 2001, 8283, 8586. .

124

35 (2011) [119143]

102 ,103 - , - .104

()105 ().106 (. 5) ,107

. 8. , . : . .

Fig. 8a. Anointing of Christ at Bethany. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, north-western bay of the nave.


. 8. , (: . )

Fig. 8b. Anointing of Christ at Bethany. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, north-western bay (drawing: D. Nagorni)

. 9. , , . . : BLAGO Fund, Inc.

Fig. 9. Anointing of Christ at Bethany. Deani, chapel of St. Nicholas. Photo: BLAGO Fund, Inc.

); . , II , 30 (20042005) 150 ( - ; , , - ); Poposka, Church, 36 ( , , - ); , , 69 ( , ).

102 , op. cit., 82.103 Ibid.104 , op. cit., 82 (

); -, , 50 ( ); Poposka, Church, 36 ( - , , -); , , 71 ( , , , ). , .

105 , op. cit., 83.106 -, , 50.107 , op. cit., 82 (

, ); -, , 50 ( ); Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei, zu Plan 22, 4646b ( ); Poposka, Church, 37 ( -). [ () ]

125

M.:

.108 - ( ,109 110 111). - ,112 . ,113 ( , - ),114 , ,115 .116 , - ,117 .118

. - 119 ,120 121 ,122 .

. - ,123 124 ,125 ,126 ,127 ,128 ,129 130 ,131 ,132 133 .134

,135


127 , op. cit., 88 ( ); Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.

128 . -, 14. , 6 (1931) 134; , op. cit., 87; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 22.

129 Petkovi, La peinture, II, 55; , op. cit., 8788; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 22.

130 G. Millet, La peinture du Moyen ge en Yougoslavie. Serbie, Macdoine et Montngro, Album prsent par A. Frolow, 3, Paris 1962, Pl. 11/1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 2122.

131 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 12/1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 2122.




135 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 5/1; Poposka, Church, 52

. 10. , , . : BLAGO Fund, Inc.

Fig. 10. Christ in the house of Simon. Deani, nave. Photo: BLAGO Fund, Inc.

, . . .

108 -, op. cit., 50.109 -, , 49. -

.110 , op. cit., 82.111 Ibid.112 , op. cit., 83.113 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20 ( -

); Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a ); , , 7071 ( ).

114 , , 66, 68, 71, 73 ( ).

115 , op. cit., 82; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (-a ); , -, 73 ( ).

116 , op. cit., 82 ( ); Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20 ( ); -, op. cit., 50 ( ); Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a - ); Poposka, Church, 37 ( ); , , 68, 73 ( ).

117 , op. cit., 82; Babi, Walter, op. cit., 275 (a ); , , 73 ( ).

118 , op. cit., 82 ( -); -, op. cit., 50 ( ).

119 -, , 50.120 , op. cit., 83.121 Poposka, Church, 38.122 , op. cit., 81.123 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.124 , op. cit., 87; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 21.125 , op. cit., 86; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 21.

126

35 (2011) [119143]

, , (. 6).136

, , , , . : ,137 ,138 ,139 - ( 18, 1323),140 141 - 142 ( ), ,143 ,144 ( 27, 3334),145

,146 147 ( - ).148

, - , .

,149 ,150 [ ( 2, 4647),151 ( 2, 4849; . 7)152], - [ e ( 4, 1719),153 ( 4, 2122)154].

: ,155 - ,156 -

. 11a. . , . : . .

Fig. 11a. St. Theodosios the Koinobiarches. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, northern wall of the nave. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

136 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 3/3 ( ); -, , 48, n. 187 ( - , ); Poposka, Church, 106 ( , ). - : () (). - , , , .


138 . , , 1955, 24; Millet, op. cit., Pl. 5/2; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.

139 , , 23; Millet, op. cit., Pl. 7/1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.

140 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 8/1 ( ); Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21 ( ); -, , 48 ( ).

141 -, , 134; Millet, op. cit., Pl. 7/4; Ha-mann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.

142 . , . , I/1 (1951) 63; Millet, op. cit., Pl. 8/3; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.

143 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 22.144 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 8/2; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 22.145 -, , 134 ( ,

); Petkovi, La peinture II, 55 ( ); Millet, op. cit., Pl. 8/4; -, , 49.


147 , , 60; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 22.

148 , op. cit., 86; -, , 49.149 -, , 134135; -, -

, 49.150 , op. cit., 88.151 -, , 49 (

). 46. : () ().

152 Poposka, Church, 52 ( , , 2, 4849). - : - ; () ()() ( 2, 49).

153 -, , 49 ( ); Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei, zu Plan 21 ( ).

154 Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei, zu Plan 21 ( - a, 4, 1628). : - () ( 4, 21).

155 -, , 49.156 Ibid.

127

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( 12, 18; . 8 8),157 ,158 ,159 - [ ( 21, 1819; 11, 1214), ( 21, 2022; 11, 2026)],160 161 .162

- , , , , . : ,163 ,164 ,165 ,166 ,167 168 ( ), ,169

,170 171 -172 ( ).

- . - , , , , . - : , () ( 1, 28).173

. 11. . , , . : . .

Fig. 11b. St. Theodosios the Koinobiarches. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, detail. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. 11. . , . ( . 11 ).

Fig. 11v. St. Theodosios the Koinobiarches. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, northern wall of the nave. Part of the inscription with

the saint`s name (drawing after fi g. 11b).

157 Poposka, Church, 54 ( , 7, 3639), 112 ( ). , , - . - , . , 1345. (. 9 10; , , v. M. , , in: , ed. . . , 1955, 134, 140). - , - , - ( ). cf. . , , III. . - , 2005, 288, 292.

158 -, , 49.159 Poposka, Church, 54, 112 ( ).160 . ,

, 2004 ( ), 131, n. 142; Poposka, Church, 55; . , - ,

in: . V, ed. . , 2007, 389390.

161 -, , 49.162 -, op. cit., 49 ( -

).163 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.164 Millet, op. cit., Pl. I/1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 21.165 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 1/2; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 21.166 -, , 134; Petkovi, La peinture II, 55;

Millet, op. cit., Pl. 2/2; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.167 -, , 134, . 12; Millet, op. cit., Pl. 1/2;

Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21.168 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 1/2; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 21.169 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 22.170 Ibid.171 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 1/4; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 22.172 , , 63; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 22.173 -, , 50 ( -

, ).

128

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. 13. . , . , . : BLAGO Fund, Inc.

Fig. 13. St. Sebastian, detail. Deani, katholikon, north-western pillar in the nave. Photo: BLAGO Fund, Inc.

. 12. . (?), . : . .

Fig. 12. St. Sebastian. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, south-western pillar in the nave. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

, , , ( ,174 ,175 ,176 ,177 178).

. , , , , , , .179 , , , , , , .180 , , . , , . , . : () () , , () () () . ( 16, 1819). , .181

, , , ,182 ,183 ,184 -

174 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 11/2; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 21 ( ); -, , 49.

175 -, , 49.176 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 11/4; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 21.177 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 22.178 Ibid.179 -, , 50. v. .

, , 11 (1975) 9; I. M. Djordjevi, M. Markovi, On the Dialogue Relationship Between the Virgin and Christ in East Christian Art. Apropos of the Discovery of the Figures of the Virgin Mediatrix and Christ in Lesnovo, 28 (20002001) 18.

180 F. Grivec, Na sem Petr, Slovo 45 (1955) 3738; , , 23; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.


182 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 1/1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; , , 77 ( ).

183 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. : -() . 1674. , , v. . , II, 2002, 342.

184 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. : -. , v. , op. cit., II, 342.

129

M.:

,185 186 .187

, . , ,188 ,189

. 14. . , . : . .

Fig. 14. St. Luke the evangelist. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, south-western lesene of the narthex. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

, . , . , (v. supra).

186 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. , - - : , cf. , op. cit., II, 340; III, 418.

187 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. .

188 . Cf. n. 185.


. 15. . , . : . .

Fig. 15. St. Mark the evangelist. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, north-western lesene of the narthex. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

185 . , , . - 36/1 (2005) 10 ( , - - ); Poposka, Church, 62 ( ); , , 77 ( ). -, . . , , , , , . , , -

130

35 (2011) [119143]

,190 ,191 - ,192 193 .194

, . ,195 ,196 197 (. 11).198 . ,199 , ,200 .201

. . (),202 (),203 ()204 (),205 (),206 (),207 ()208 (; . 26).209 , , (),210 (),211 e ()212 (),213 -

. 16. , ( . )

Fig. 16. The altar in the church of the Virgin Peribleptos. View from the north-west (photo: H. Hallensleben)

191 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; , -, 7879 ( ).

192 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.193 Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei, zu Plan 20 (?);

, , 1415. -, , , -, .

194 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20 (?); , , 1415. . , .

195 -, , 49, 98. , .

196 -, , 50. - , . , - : , cf. , op. cit., II, 338; III, 416.

197 , , 1718. .

198 . - (-, , 50; ), . , . . (cf. , , 18, . 9; Poposka, Church, 6465; , , 80). ( , ) - . , , , (. 11 11), - ||||| ( , , . - ). , : () () () . , v. , op. cit., II, 336.


200 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. - .

201 , , 23; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.


203 -, , 135; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.

204 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.205 Ibid.206 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 17/2; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 20.207 , , 66; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 20.208 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 17/3; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 20.209 , , 64; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben,

op. cit., Pl. 20; . , , in: . , ed. . . , 1995, 608609 ( - ).

210 -, , 50.211 , , 12.212 , op. cit., 12.213 -, , 50.

190 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. - : ( -) . 1674. , v. , op. cit., II, 340.

131

M.:

(),214 (),215 - , , (; . 12)216 ().217 ,218 ,219 - . , , , .220

- , . - , - a, .221 - ( , ) .222 . ,223 ,224 225 226 , 227 , ,228 ,229 - ,230 231 232 , 233 . 234 235 , (. 14)236 (. 15)237 .

, , . 238 ,239 , , 240 .241

. 17. : 1) 2) 3) 4) (: . )

Fig. 17. Painted crosses with acronyms on the altar: 1) west side 2) south side 3) east side 4) north side. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos (drawing: D. Nagorni)

209215 ( ); -, , 50, 8182; B. Miljkovi, Lillustration de la Deuxime homelie pascale de Gregoire le Theologien, 41 (2004) 104111 ( ).

222 -, , 50 ( - , ). - [() ()] , , , . Cf. Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20 ( ); Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei, zu Plan 20 ( ).

223 G. Millet, Byzance et non lOrient, Revue archologique 12 (1908) 188; -, , 133; Millet, op. cit., Pl. 14/1; Ha-mann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.

224 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.225 G. Babi, Limage symbolique de la Porte ferme Saint-Cl-

ment dOhrid, in: Synthronon. Art et Archologie de la fi n de lAntiquit et du Moyen ge, ed. A. Grabar, Paris 1968, 147.

226 Babi, Limage symbolique, 147, 150 ( 44, 2).

227 . . , , in: , 1929, 318, . 1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.

228 S. Der Nersessian, Le lit de Salomon, 8/1 (1963) 7780, fi g. 1; A. Xyngopoulos, Au sujet dune fresque de lglise Saint-Clment Ochrid, 8/1 (1963) 301302; -, , 51.

229 Petkovi, La peinture II, 55; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20; -, , 50.

230 -, , 50.231 Petkovi, La peinture II, 55; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben,

op. cit., Pl. 20.232 -, , 51.233 -, , 133, . 11; Petkovi, La peinture II,

55, Pl. CXXIICXXIII; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.234 -, , 50.

, : () () () , () .

235 -, , 50. T .

236 -, , 50. ( 20, 37): () () () () () () () () () () () .

237 -, , 50. ( 12, 26): [] () () () () .

238 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20.239 Ibid. 240 Ibid.241 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 18/4; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 20.

214 Ibid. 215 Ibid.216 v. . 136 supra.217 -, , 50. 218 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 1/1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 20219 Ibid. 220 Poposka, Church, 55.221 -, , 133, . 10 ( -

); V. R. Petkovi, La peinture serbe du moyen age II, Beograd 1934, 55, pl. CXXI; Millet, op. cit., Pl. 15/1; Grabar, Sur les sources, 378, fi g. 9; S. Der Nersessian, Notes sur quelques images se rattachant au thme du Christ-ange, CA 13 (1963)

132

35 (2011) [119143]

, - .242 243 .244 , , ,245 . , , , - ( ),246 , - , 247 .248 249 .250 , , - .251

- , - .252

. 19.

Fig. 19. Painted cross with an acronym. Church of the Virgin, Graanica monastery, passage between the nave and the

diakonikon, the north jamb

, v. , , 77]. , , .

244 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. : () () (?) : : () . Cf. Poposka, Church, 70 ( - ).

245 -, , 51, n. 221.246 -, , 51.247 Millet, op. cit., Pl. 19/1; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op.

cit., Pl. 20.248 Ibid. e -

1379. , .


250 -, , 135; Petkovi, La peinture II, 55, Pl. CXXI; Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. : () () () () () (, op. cit., II, 334; III, 534). Cf. Poposka, Church, 77 ( ).

251 -, , 51. , , , . -: () () () () ... (, op. cit., II, 334; III, 530). Cf. Poposka, Church, 77 ( ; cf. , op. cit., III, 534).

252 v. . , , o XII XV , 1961, 1314, 20, 2223, 25, . IV, XVIII, XXVII, XXXXXXI, XXXVI, XL, XLIII, XLVI, LXIILXIII.

242 -, , 51 ( -); Register zu Die Monumentalmalerei, zu Plan 20.

243 Hamann-Mac Lean, Hallensleben, op. cit., Pl. 20. - : () () () : () () : () . Cf. Poposka, Church, 70 [ - , (, op. cit., II, 342); -

. 18. -

Fig. 18. Painted cross with an acronym, the back of the fresco-icon of the Virgin Pelagonitissa.

Church of St. George at Staro Nagoriino

133

M.:

- , , ( II - ) .253 , :

C CC C (C) C CC () C C-C () () C ()() () C C() (C) (C) () () () () (C) K(AI) C(C). C C(C) C C C(C) () (C) () ()() () C C C-CC C(C). (C) ()() C- C C CC () CC C. C w3 (OC) 5

. 20. . : . .

Fig. 20. Painted cross with an acronym in the apse window. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. 21. . : . .

Fig. 21. Painted cross with an acronym in the passage between the prothesis and the bema. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos.


, , , XIX . , -, . , , ( ) - , 6803 ( ), v. . , . , , , 10 ( 1894) 568569 ( , , - ). , , v. [. ], , . -, , 4 (1891) 59, . II ( , 26. 1. 1890 . ). , , - , (7803).

K XIX - . , - , . , , , , , v. . . , , I, 1896, 381. , , (. ), , v. . . , . -, - 1898 , 4 (1899) 9091.

. , , , , -, (H. Gelzer, Das Patriarchat von Achrida. Geschichte und Urkunden, Leipzig 1902, 13), . , v, (. , , 1908, 212; : 1931, 38). . , ( I, 1924, 160, n. 4).

XX XXI . , , , e , cf. H. Hallensleben, Die Malerschule des Knigs Milutin. Untersuchungen zum Werk einer byzantinischen Malerwerkstatt zu Beginn des 14. Jahrhunderts, Marburg/Lahn 1963, 22

253 , - -. , , , . , o . 1845. - ( ). , - . 1295, , , -, , , v. . , , 1848, 115116 ( : 1877, 98). - 6803 ( ) ( ) .

( 1865) - (), , . -, 6803 (1295), 8, ( ...), v. , , - 1886, 3536 ( ).

134

35 (2011) [119143]

( ) .

, , (. 16). , , . ( , , ), . . , - . , , -, .254 . :

1. M P ( ) (. 17);255

2. B K (, - ) (. 17);256

3. X X X X ( ) (. 17);257

23; -, , 44, 4647; . . , . , . 6 (2007) 4950.

254 a . - v. . , - , 2 (1966) 172, 174; G. Babi, Les croix cryptogrammes, peintes dans les glises serbes des XIIIe et XIVe sicle, in: Byzance et les Slaves. tudes de civilisation. Mlanges Ivan Dujev, ed. S. Dufrenne, Paris 1979, 113; Ch. Walter, IC XC NI KA. The apotropaic function of the victorious Cross, REB 55 (1997) 193220; . , . , in: . 1013. 2000, ed. . , . , . , 2002, 417439; I. Bentchev, Monogramme und Akronyme als Ikonenaufs-chriften, Hermeneia Zeitschrift fr ostkirchliche Kunst 18/34 (2002) 5764 ( , 2006. , v.: http://www.icon-art.info/book_contents.php?lng=de& book_id=30#p9, pages

4. K ( ) (. 16 17);258

5. ( ) (. 20);259

19); . , , Patrimonium. Mk 78 (2010) 251260. . v. . , , 19902, 140141.

255 . - , , , cf., a , Babi, op. cit., 3, 10; Walter, op. cit., 212.

256 , ( - -, , . 18) ( , . 19), . , , (Babi, op. cit., 3, 11; . , , 1993, 73), , cf. Bentchev, op. cit., 9 ( - ). K ( ) KK ( ). XIIIXIV , 1653. (v. . . - , . , 2003, 320322, 333), (v. . , I, 1998, 165). -, N I ? K (. 20). , K -, , . kostandinq (. , , , 1988, 98, . XIV), - ( , , , , , , .). BK , , , - , . , X II VII. , , [] [] [] [], v. Ph. Grierson, Leo III to Nicephorus III, 7171081, pt. 2, Washington 1973 (Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks collection and in the Whittemore collection, 3), 628633, Pl. XLVIXLVII. Cf. , op. cit., 254, 258, . 1 (- - BK ).

257 , , v. Babi, op. cit., 7; Walter, op. cit., 212; -, op. cit., 327.

258 v. Bentchev, op. cit., 9. Cf. , op. cit., 256 ( - - , ). , , - , : , cf. , 1879, 408; E. Follieri, Initia hymnorum ecclesiae Graecae, II, Citt del Vaticano 1961, 568. cf. n. 266 infra.

259 , , v. Babi, op. cit., 3, 78; Walter, op. cit., 212; , op. cit., 326. v. n. 261 infra.

. 22. (: . )

Fig. 22. Painted crosses with acronyms in the western doors of the nave. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos

(drawing: D. Nagorni)

135

M.:

6. X X B (, - ) (. 21);260

7. X ( ) (. 22);261

8. M [C]T ( ) (. 22);262

9. CT CT (, ) (. 23 24);263

10. ( ) (. 23);264

11. X X B (, ) (. 25);265

12. K ( ) (. 25).266

, . E (op. cit., 256) , . , , XIV XV , , v. . , , 1971, 5354, 111112 (. 112 118). , , . [( ) - ()] . (, , , , , , ed. - , 18683, 113; , ed. , 1843, 7). ( ) , , .

264 Poposka, Church, 77 (The place of the Crucifi xion became heaven), 129, Ill. 87. Cf. , op. cit., 256 ( ). , - , cf. Babi, op. cit., 3, 11; Walter, op. cit., 212; , op. cit., 327. . , , .

265 cf. Poposka, Church, 77 (Christ Light, Christ King); Bentchev, op. cit., 9 ( , - , ); , op. cit., 256 (- , , ). v. n. 260 supra.

266 v. Bentchev, op. cit., 9; , op. cit., 256. Cf. n. 258 supra. v. Poposka, Church, 77 (The tree of life is the Saviour of the world). Cf. Walter, op. cit., 212.

. 24. , . : . .

Fig. 24. Painted crosses with an acronyms in the western doors of the narthex, south jamb, detail. Church of the Virgin

Peribleptos. Photo: I. M. Djordjevi

. 23. (: . )

Fig. 23. Painted crosses with acronyms in the western doors of the narthex. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos


260 , , cf. . , - , 71 (1999) 3233; P. A. Clark, A Cretan Healers Handbook in the Byzantine Tradition. Text, Translation and Commentary, Farnham 2011, 132. cf. Poposka, Church, 37 (Christ Light, Christ King). v. n. 265 infra.

261 v. , op. cit., 256 ( ; 1310/1311. ), . 2 ( , , ). v. n. 259 supra.

262 v. Bentchev, op. cit., 9, n. 42 45; , op. cit., 256 ( , ; cf., , A Patristic Greek lexicon, ed. G. W. H. Lampe, Oxford 1961, 1253D.a.). - ( ) . , ( ) . v., -, Babi, op. cit., 89; Walter, op. cit., 211; , op. cit., 326; Bentchev, op. cit., 9.

263 Cf. Poposka, Church, 77, 129, Ill. 86 ( , ).

136

35 (2011) [119143]

, . , . , . , , .

, 79. , . , , , , , , , , .267

, , . . ,

. 25. (: . )

Fig. 25. Painted crosses with acronyms in the northern doors of the narthex. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos


. , - ( , , , , ).268 , - .269 - - . (. 12). , , , , III , - 18. 19. .270 - - ( , - XI , ,

. , ( ), . . , (drevo /izni spasenJe mirM), , , , v. . , , 40 (1874) 196, 200; . , XV , 23 (1984) 198, . 4; . . , - , in: , . 3: . , ed. . . , 2005, 293.

267 Der Nersessian, Notes, 209, 213214; -, -, 6482; . , , 3 (1969) 1112; , , 124; . . -, , in: , II, . 2, 2000, 290291; Grozdanov, Saint Astios, 8283, 8586; , , 5, 7374, 274, 317; . , , 39 (2001/2002) 147164; Miljkovi, Lillustration, 105111; , , 1624; . , - , 32 (2008) 8389; , , 5580; , - , 93-99. v. . , ( ), . 26/2 (1995) 4159; K. Kono, Some remarks on scenes of the Baptism of Christ in the Protaton and the Virgin Perivleptos at Ohrid, The Study of the History of Art 40 (Tokyo 2002) 120 ( ); . . , . , Balcanoslavica 3739 (2010) 3642; v. . . , , 1975, 186187; , , 84101.

268 , .

269 Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice Sirmon-diano nunc Berolinensi, adiectis sinaxariis selectis, ed. H. Delehaye, Bru-xelles 1902, 57, 2123. v. . , . , 1998, 119120 ( ); v. . . ( ) , 11 ( 2010) 5051.

270 Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, 321322, 325327. 18. ; v. ibid., 321322, 325326 (synaxaria selecta).

137

M.:

1316, , 1347/1348; . 13).271

- - (. 26), - ( , , , ). - ( - , , , , , , , ) , , .272 - , , - - . - .273

(. 4 4), , , . - - .274 , , - , , XI - . , - .275 . , , .276 - - .277 , , (, ).278

Todi, Signatures des peintres Michel Astrapas et Eutychios. Fonction et signifi cation, in: , ed. . --, . , 2001, 656657; , , 91, 195.

273 v., , . , - , in: . VIII, ed. . , 2010, 291294 ( ).

274 , , 21.275 -

v. , op. cit., 730 ( ).

276 L. Hadermann-Misguich, Kurbinovo. Les fresques de Saint-Georges et la peinture byzantine du XIIe sicle I, Bruxelles 1975, 8384; , op. cit., 15, . . 10 ( . 1114, ).

277 , , 138, 161162, . 6.

278 . -, . , - . , in: - (, , , ) 1, ed. . -, 1996, 104116; , op. cit., 10, 23; , op. cit., 138.

271 Vaticanus gr. 1156, fol. 272r ( ). v. . . , . , II, 1941, 26, T. CCXV. .

272 Cf. , , 607610 ( ); B.

. 26. . , . : . .

Fig. 26. St. Alexander of Thessaloniki. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, north-western pillar in the naos.


138

35 (2011) [119143]

- . , , , . , , - . , , - , , .279 ( 1320) - . , , ( ).280 -

.281 - - , -. O , . 282 -, .283 (. 27), (. 28). - -, . , , - ( 12, 26; 20, 37; . 14 15), - ( 3, 14, 17).284 ( ) , , , , -, (-) : , ( , ).285 , .286 , , .287

279 , , 7478.280 , , 81, 98, 105, 108109.281 , , 148; idem, , 96 (

- ); idem, , 1998, 96.

282 v., , . A. , , ..., in: - . , , - 1995, 127140; T. Starodubcev, Sticheron What shall we offer you, Christ. A description and a painting, Cahiers balkaniques 31 (2000) 2137; . , . , in: . , ed. . , . , 2011, 331, 335, 338340 ( ).

283 v. , , 133, 146, 181, 183 ( ).

284 V. n. 236 237 supra.285 Cf. n. 234 supra.286 V., , John 110, ed. J. C. Elowsky, Downers Grove

2006 (ncient Christian commentary on Scripture. New Testament; 4a), 3947 ( VIII , , , ). - cf. J. Reuss, Johannes-Kommentare aus der griechischen Kirche, Berlin 1966; . . , , 19793.

287 ae (1, 125; 2, 112; 2, 1323, 13, 5358); cf., , Le Typicon de la

. 28. , . . , (: . )

Fig. 28. Moses and the Burning Bush, St. Luke and St. Mark. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, the west wall of the narthex


. 27. a a, . . , (: . )

Fig. 27. Christmas sticheron, St. Matthew and St. John. Church of the Virgin Peribleptos, east wall of the narthex


139

M.:

- - , - . , - - , - . e, -, .288 - (. 16 17). , . , , , .289 - - , , , , ( - ).290 , , ,

, , .291 , -, , - , , , .292 -

Grande glise. Ms. Sainte-Croix no. 40, Xe sicle I, ed. J. Mateos, Roma 1962, 136, 158, 162; M.-L. Dolezal, The Middle Byzantine Lectionary: Textual and pictorial expression of liturgical ritual, Chicago 1991 (- , University of Chicago 1991), 311.

288 v., , Babi, Les croix, 35; Walter, The apotropaic function, 210215; , , 425430, 434435. Cf. . . , . - , 2010, 137142.

289 v., , , , 196, 203; T. . Starodubcev, Srpsko zidno slikarstvo u doba Lazarevia i Brankovia (13751459), Beograd 2007 ( - ), 334336 ( ).

290 v. J. M. Izzo, The antimension in the liturgical and canonical tradition of the Byzantine and Latin churches, Roma 1975, 23144; , op. cit., 186192; , , 55282.

291 Cf. Izzo, op. cit., 3746; , op. cit., 191213; , op. cit., 288295, 320335.

292 cf. . , , 14 (19871988) 107, 110.

. 29. , , , 1148.

Fig. 29. Antimension from Novgorod, dated in 1148. State Hermitage museum, Saint Petersburg. . 30.

, 1183. : .

Fig. 30. Painted crosses with an acronym on the altar, 1183. Hermitage of St. Neophytos, near Paphos, Cyprus.

Photo: G. Phousteris

140

35 (2011) [119143]

( , ; . 29) ( - 1183; . 30).293 , . e - -, . , , - , XIII ,294 . , - . , , . - IC XC NI KA (. 30).295 () - XIII . , . , -,

.296 , , - , XIV . .297

293 , - , 1148. v. . . , 1149 (6657) , 11 (1915) 197209; , op. cit., 192193; . . , - , 2002, 28, 59; cf. . . , - in: . - , 2007 (http://www.rusarch.ru/zagraevsky11.htm), 14 ( ). v. C. Mango, E. J. W. Hawkins, The Hermitage of St. Neophytos and Its Wall Paintings, DOP 20 (1966) 163, fi g. 60.

294 , , v. . . -, I/2, 1997 ( 1900), 185; Izzo, op. cit., 110124; , op. cit., 188189; . . , . . , , in: , 2, 489491; , , 8488.

295 Mango, Hawkins, op. cit., 163, fi g. 60 ( ).

296 v. , op. cit., 107, 110, . 5. 297 V. . -,

, 1921 (19921994) 111, . 1, . 18.

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The Virgin Peribleptos, the endowment of the re-nowned Byzantine dignitary, the megas hetaireiarches Progonos Sgouros and his wife Eudokia, is one of the most signifi cant church buildings in the history of Ohrid. As an artistic monument, with its architecture and wall painting, it surpasses local boundaries. It is understandable, therefore, that it has often been written about. The most attention has been paid to the original frescoes, completed in 1294/1295. Ever since they were cleaned in the middle of the twentieth century, they have almost continuously been a focal point of interest among researchers of Byzantine painting in the epoch of the Palaiologoi. The most has been written about the painters Eutychios and Michael Astrapas, whose signa-tures have been discovered in several places in the church. A considerable number of texts were also written about cer-tain iconographic and specifi c program particularities of the Peribleptos church frescoes, as well as about certain cycles, scenes and fi gures. The thematic repertoire of the frescoes of Sgouros endowment has also been published on several occasions, but with minor or major omissions. Besides that, it has never been systematically or fully presented till now. And precisely that is the reason for writing this paper.

First of all, a detailed and systematic description is given of the entire thematic repertoire of frescoes in the Peribleptos church. The list of representations includes a number of scenes and individual fi gures of saints who were not identifi ed earlier or they were inaccurately identifi ed. They are: St. Gregory of Akragas and St. Achilleios, on the southern wall of the diakonikon, St. Modestus, archbishop

Iconographic program of the oldest wall paintings in the church of the Virgin Peribleptos at Ohrid.

A list of frescoes and notes on certain program particularities

Miodrag Markovi

of Jerusalem, on the southern wall of the prothesis, St. Dan-iel the Stylite, in the lunette of the northern double-light-window in the nave, two scenes from the Cycle of Christs Public Ministry The Finding of the Child Jesus in the Temple (Luke 2, 4849), in the southwestern bay, and The Anointing of Christ at Bethany, in the northwestern bay, St. Sebastian on the western side of the northwestern column, and St. Theodosios the Koinobiarches, on the northern wall in the nave, west of the northern door.

Apart from that, the texts on the scrolls of certain prophets and monks in the nave, as well as of the evangelists, poets and archangels in the narthex have been published or identifi ed for the fi rst time. The donors inscription has also been published, considering that it has never been correctly read. Finally, the legends written in acronymic form beside the apotropaic crosses in various places in the church (beside the doors, windows and passages, and on the altar pedestal) have been deciphered and published. Those legends mainly refer to Christ and the Holy Cross.

After gathering, re-examining and presenting in detail all the available data about the iconographic repertoire of the frescoes in the Peribleptos church, the author turns to certain program particularities of this wall painting (grouping of the martyrs busts in pairs, the inclusion of St. Alexander of Thessaloniki and St. Achilleios in the program, painting of the four evangelists in the narthex), and he briefl y also focus-es on the meaning of the numerous apotropaic crosses with cryptograms in the Peribleptos iconographic program.

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