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. .CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)1New themes:Poison preparednessDont guess. Be Sure

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.CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)2Some chemicals are poisonous in very small amounts (for example, a spoonful by mouth or a tiny amount injected by a snakebite); others are only poisonous if a large amount is taken (several cupfuls, for example).

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)3A substance is toxic or poisonous if it can cause ANY negative symptom, even if only a mild rash.

Every poison exposure is unique. A minor exposure may not produce any symptoms. Even if symptoms develop, they may not be considered serious enough to require emergency treatment.

A poisonous agent may be chemical (such as cyanide), physical (such as radiation) or biological (such as snake venom).

There are degrees of toxicity depending on the substance, the amount, the length of time of the exposure and type of exposure (on the skin versus ingestion).

The age, weight and health status of the patient also needs to be taken into account. All of these factors determine the toxicity and the treatment needed. For example, the heart medicine taken by a grandmother is essential for her good health. But, the same dose of medicine taken by her 13-month grandchild is dangerously high and considered toxic.

It is always best to have every poison exposure evaluated by the Poison Center staff. . , ,

CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)4The effect of exposure depends partly on how long the contact lasts and how much poison gets into the body, and partly on how much poison the body can get rid of during this time.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Paracelsus = Swiss physician and father of modern toxicology. There is a lethal dose of caffeine in approximately 100 cups of strong coffee. There is a lethal dose of solanine in from 100 to 400 pounds of potatoes. There is a lethal dose of aspirin in a bottle of 100 tablets. We survive because we do not take in 100 cups of coffee or 200 pounds of potatoes or an entire bottle of aspirin all at one time.Age and size of the person or species exposed to the chemical is another important factor in toxicity. For example, sodium chloride (common table salt) is another chemical that is toxic, but daily (in very small amounts) is essential for life. Salt has an oral lethal dose of about 3 g/kg. There have been deaths among children who have been given a box of salt to play with, or who have gotten into a salt shaker when adults were not supervising. A lethal dose of table salt for a oneyearold child would be about 2 tablespoons.Source: http://thechalkboard.com/Corporations/Dow/Programs/EducatorGuide/Risk/ClassProjMan1.html

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)5 1-3 3 (2003)*Source: California Department of Health Services, Epidemiology Prevention and Injury Control (EPIC) Branch.**Note: The total number of injury related hospitalizations in California during 2003 numbered at 5117.

16% 24%60%CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)6Three top injury hospitalizations total of 2851Falls: 1712Poisoning: 688Burns/scalds: 451

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)7What are children actively doing out in their world? Exploring, learning, growing.

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, , .CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)8Activity: Ask the audience to participate and come up with poisonous hazards that children might find in a home.Make this as interactive as you would like. Add more rooms of the home or places outside the home like the garden and garage.Help the audience to imagine how a child might see and feel the world. Facilitate discussion with the audience so that they feel comfortable in sharing their experiences with each other.

(Icebreakers and openers allow the trainer and participants the opportunity to learn from each other in an engaging manner. These opportunities help to establish a learning climate.)

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4 10 .CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)9**Image: house silhouette**

Most poisonings occur in the presence of an adult (the parent) when products are not in their usual storage area and are in direct reach of the young child.

Poisonings tend to occur just before mealtime and when there is a disruption in the familys normal routine (such as holiday times, a move, a vacation, an illness, family tension or when a guest visits the home).

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)102001 data from all US Poison Control Centers:Toothpaste w/fluoride, perfume/cologne/aftershaveBleachAcetaminophen and IbuprofenDesiccant/Silica Gel (this is what is found in the small envelope that looks like a sugar packet and comes with your new shoes), thermometers, toys = these small objects are mostly choking hazards.Diaper rash ointment, Acne medicine

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)11**Image: personal care products**

Personal Care Products include: hair car products (chemical relaxers, coloring agents, hair spray, shampoos and conditioners), cosmetics (creams, lotions, powders, deodorant, perfume and suntan lotions), nail care products (nail polish, nail polish remover, nail glue) and dental care products (toothpaste and mouthwash).

Children may be attracted to these products for a number of reasons: they are used frequently (making them easily accessible); a child may see you apply makeup, brush your teeth, or use mouthwash and may try to imitate you; a child may be attracted to the pleasant odor of these products. , , , , , : , ,

CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)12Household Products include: cleaners, insect sprays/pesticides, soaps/detergents, paint supplies, automotive products, weed killers, etc. and tend to be packaged in large, attractive, colorful non-child-resistant containers.

These products can be found in many different areas of the house.

Many accidents occur with household products when they are removed from their original containers and stored in such things as cups, cans, bowls, soft drink and milk containers. Children think that something in a familiar juice or soda bottle is good to drink.

Highly dangerous products such as:toilet bowl cleanersoven cleaners, drain openers,mildew removers, stain removers, jewel cleaners

These products burn when they are ingested and will cause more severe damage if the person is made to vomit because the chemicals will burn again on their way up to the esophagus, mouth, tongue, and in other part they come in contact with.

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)14Medicines are the leading cause of serious and sometimes fatal poison accidents. Often times, medications and vitamins very closely resemble or taste like candy to children.

Accidents involving medicines often occur by children: eating medicines from uncapped or loosely capped bottles; finding prescription bottles left out by relatives or friends; finding lost pills on the floor; feeding pills to one another from a container found in an easy-to-reach spot; finding pills left on a nightstand or in a purse.

IRON POISONING: many children have easy access to iron in their homes (prenatal vitamins); there are over 3,500 cases of iron poisoning per year in children under 6 years of age; this is the most frequent cause of poisoning death in children.

HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS: these are not regulated by the FDA (purity, potency, effectiveness); scientific studies have not been done on most and long-term effects are rarely known; drug interactions may occur (between herbal preparations, prescription and over-the-counter medications).

CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)15The majority of calls are about exposures in young children.

When they involve getting into adult prescription and over-the-counter medicines, they can cause serious problems.

Children are attracted to medicines that look like candy.

They can also drink a bottle of cough and allergy medicine because of the taste.

Adult vitamins containing Iron and medication that older adults (Grandparents) take are of serious concern./ .

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/ .CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)16Know your childs behavior, if your child is curious about plants remove house plants out of reach.Know the name of your plantsMUSHROOMS:The California Poison Control Center recommends that if you didnt buy the mushrooms at the supermarket, DO NOT eat them! ()

, , CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)17Every year it is estimated that almost 80 million people get food poisoning.

Almost 55% of food poisoning cases are caused by improper cooking and storage of foods and 24% by poor hygiene (not washing hands before handling food). Only 3% of cases are from an unsafe food source.

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)19 4 Sacramento UC Davis Medical CenterSan Francisco SF Fresno/Madera Childrens Hospital of Central California San Diego UC San Diego Medical Center

CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)20Managed by the UCSF School of Pharmacy and consists of 4 answering sites:UC Davis Medical Center in SacramentoSF General Hospital in San FranciscoChildrens Hospital of Central California in Fresno/MaderaUCSD Medical Center in San Diego

All calls received in California are answered by one of these 4 call centers. , , ,

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)21FAST: Poison experts are ready to take your call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. They will answer quickly and you will know what to do.

PRIVATE: Your personal information is not shared with any agency. They will ask for your name and telephone number for two reasons: so they can call you back if you are cut off and because they want to call you back within 24 hours to make sure everything is all right.

FREE: There is absolutely no charge for a callever. You can call as many times as you need.

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)22Specially trained health care professionals -Pharmacists, Nurses and Poison Information Providers (PIP);Many of the staff are additionally trained as Certified Poison Information Specialists (CSPI); The staff have a database of all the hospitals, medical professionals and emergency personnel in California. All staff are trained to handle every kind of poison emergency; Board-certified toxicologists are on call 24 hours a day to consult with health care providers;

CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)23These are all important questions to be ready to answer.

None of this information will be given to other agencies with (i.e. CPS, immigration, etc). The information is kept confidential and some of it (the substance, persons age and outcome) will be used for national injury prevention data.

The weight of the victim is extremely important especially for young children. The poison center staff will use weight + amount of poison ingested to find out how toxic the poison will be. ? :

CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)24With the help of Poison Center staff, most exposures are safely managed at home.

In more serious cases, Poison Center staff will:Provide referral to nearest emergency facility;Call in advance of patients arrival;Monitor progress;Provide treatment advice through follow-up telephone calls.

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911 . CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)25Call anytime youre not sure just to be safe.

If victim is unconscious, cant breathe, or is having seizures, then you need to call 911. , .

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/ www.calpoison.org . CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)26 (Ipecac Syrup) . . .

CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)27Syrup of IpecacSyrup of Ipecac has been used for many years to induce vomiting in some cases of poison or drug ingestion. However the benefit of forced vomiting in the treatment of poisoning has been questioned. These days, poison control centers rarely recommend its use, and recently the American Academy of Pediatrics reversed its longstanding advice that Ipecac should be kept on hand in the home.What should I do if my child has ingested a poison or drug? As always, we recommend that you immediately call the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 (also 1-800-876-4766 in California) for advice. In most cases no treatment is needed. In a few cases we may recommend a visit to the hospital emergency department or your physician's office. The California Poison Control System (CPCS) does not recommend alternate methods of inducing vomiting, nor do we routinely recommend the home use of activated charcoal. What should I do with the Ipecac in my medicine cabinet? The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that existing Ipecac in the home should be disposed of safely. The CPCS advises that you place it in your trash in a secure manner, such that children and pets will not be exposed to it before it is picked up.

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CPCS Powerpoint (Gradient Gold)29All parents of children 5 years and younger should have the Poison Action Line magnet/sticker on or near the phone.The three most important safety messages to prevent poisonings are: (1) Use child-resistant packaging because it saves lives (2) Keep medicines and household chemicals locked up out of reach and out of sight of young children because some children can open child-resistant packaging (3) Keep the poison control center number next to your telephone and call immediately if a poisoning occurs

Always call the Poison Action Line BEFORE using either of these emergency products.