突出语篇 注重实际突出语篇 注重实际培养学生综合运用英语能力培养学生综合运用英语能力

------ 谈如何进行谈如何进行 0808 高考复习高考复习

江苏省通州高级中学 张 淳江苏省通州高级中学 张 淳

• 0808 高考命题依据高考命题依据• 0707 高考分析高考分析• 复习建议复习建议

突出语篇 注重实际 强调运用突出语篇 注重实际 强调运用

听 力 部 分听 力 部 分• 课标要求课标要求• 试题分析试题分析• 课标教学要求课标教学要求• 教学建议教学建议

语言技能目标语言技能目标 (( 八级八级 ))

听：听：1.1. 能识别不同语气所表达的不同情感；能识别不同语气所表达的不同情感；2.2. 能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论和谈话并能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论和谈话并 记住要点；记住要点；3.3. 能抓住一般语段中的观点；能抓住一般语段中的观点；4.4. 能基本听懂广播或电视英语新闻的主题和大能基本听懂广播或电视英语新闻的主题和大

意；意；5.5. 能听懂委婉的建议或劝告等。能听懂委婉的建议或劝告等。

99 级目标级目标1.1. 能听懂有关部门熟悉话题的能听懂有关部门熟悉话题的演讲、讨论、辩论演讲、讨论、辩论 和报告和报告；；2. 2. 能听懂国内外一般的能听懂国内外一般的英语新闻广播英语新闻广播；；3. 3. 能抓住较长发言的内容要点，能抓住较长发言的内容要点，理解讲话人的观理解讲话人的观

点及意图；点及意图；4. 4. 能从言谈中判断对方的能从言谈中判断对方的态度、喜恶、立场及隐态度、喜恶、立场及隐

含意思含意思等；等；5. 5. 能理解一般的幽默；能理解一般的幽默；6. 6. 能在听的过程中能在听的过程中克服一般性的口音干扰克服一般性的口音干扰。 。

语言知识目标（语音）语言知识目标（语音）根据语音、语调了解和表达隐含的意图和态度（根据语音、语调了解和表达隐含的意图和态度（ 88级）级）在用英语与各国人士进行交谈时或在听不同国家人士在用英语与各国人士进行交谈时或在听不同国家人士讲英语的录音时，能克服不同口音带来的困难，听懂讲英语的录音时，能克服不同口音带来的困难，听懂大意 （大意 （ 99 级）级）

语言技能教学建议语言技能教学建议听力技能的教学目的：培养听的策略；培养听力技能的教学目的：培养听的策略；培养 语感；特别强调培养语感；特别强调培养在听的过程中获取和在听的过程中获取和 处理信息处理信息的能力。 的能力。 基本技能：基本技能：排除口音、背景音等因素的干扰排除口音、背景音等因素的干扰； ； 　　抓住关键词抓住关键词；听并执行指示语； ；听并执行指示语； 　　听大意和主题听大意和主题； ； 　确定事物的发展顺序或逻辑关系； 　确定事物的发展顺序或逻辑关系； 　预测下文内容； 　预测下文内容； 　　理解说话人的意图和态度理解说话人的意图和态度； ； 　评价所听内容； 　评价所听内容； 　判断语段的深层含义。　判断语段的深层含义。

听的活动听的活动 边听边操作；边听边操作； 边听边选择、填空、连线、 边听边选择、填空、连线、 画图、补全信息；画图、补全信息； 边听边做笔记； 判断真伪。 边听边做笔记； 判断真伪。

材料选择材料选择 真实语境中的话语； 真实语境中的话语； 　 与学生水平相当； 　 与学生水平相当； 　 多种口音的材料。 　 多种口音的材料。

07 07 江苏、山东、广东卷听力分析江苏、山东、广东卷听力分析

江苏、山东：采用了全国试题的听力内容，语速比较江苏、山东：采用了全国试题的听力内容，语速比较 慢，问题大多是获取事实性的具体信息，有些简单慢，问题大多是获取事实性的具体信息，有些简单 推断谈话背景、人物关系等题目。推断谈话背景、人物关系等题目。

广东：第一节由四长段对话和一篇独白组成，广东：第一节由四长段对话和一篇独白组成，语境真语境真 实语实语，速较快，有的含，速较快，有的含干扰音干扰音。题以获取具体信。题以获取具体信 息的细节题为主，有些简单推断讲话人态度等问息的细节题为主，有些简单推断讲话人态度等问 题。第二节是题。第二节是信息填空题信息填空题，要求考生根据所听的，要求考生根据所听的 内容把关键词填入所给的表格中。这种题型值得内容把关键词填入所给的表格中。这种题型值得 我们关注。我们关注。

广东试题听力部分广东试题听力部分

听第一段对话，回答第听第一段对话，回答第 1—31—3 题。题。1. What does the girl want her father to buy1. What does the girl want her father to buy ？？ A. A ruler. B. High-tech things. A. A ruler. B. High-tech things. C. Pencils and erasers.C. Pencils and erasers.2. Which of the following does the father consider2. Which of the following does the father consider buying for his daughter?buying for his daughter? A. A calculator. B. A computer. C. An MP3.A. A calculator. B. A computer. C. An MP3.3. Which of the following could be a reason for her 3. Which of the following could be a reason for her father to buy what she wantsfather to buy what she wants ？？ A. She volunteers to use some of her own money.A. She volunteers to use some of her own money. B. She asks her father to buy a cheap one online.B. She asks her father to buy a cheap one online. C. She tells her father she is the best in school.C. She tells her father she is the best in school.

听第二段对话，回答第听第二段对话，回答第 4—64—6 题。题。4. What do the speakers think of San Francisco?4. What do the speakers think of San Francisco? A. It is a big city. B. They both love the city. A. It is a big city. B. They both love the city. C. It isn't so expensive to live there.C. It isn't so expensive to live there.5. What does the woman think of cell phone 5. What does the woman think of cell phone interruption?interruption? A. She likes it. B. She doesn't mind it. A. She likes it. B. She doesn't mind it. C. She considers it rude.C. She considers it rude.6. What reason does the man give to answer his cell6. What reason does the man give to answer his cell phone?phone? A. He feels like answering.A. He feels like answering. B. He wants to know who's calling.B. He wants to know who's calling. C. He thinks that it could be something important.C. He thinks that it could be something important.

听第三段对话，回答第听第三段对话，回答第 7—97—9 题。题。7. What is the man complaining about?7. What is the man complaining about? A. Not accepting any gift from his friend.A. Not accepting any gift from his friend. B. Not receiving any answer from his friend.B. Not receiving any answer from his friend. C. Not hearing any good news from his friend.C. Not hearing any good news from his friend.8. According to the woman, when should you write a8. According to the woman, when should you write a thank-you card?thank-you card? A. You receive a gift from your friend.A. You receive a gift from your friend. B. You are invited to a birthday party.B. You are invited to a birthday party. C. You spend a holiday with your friend.C. You spend a holiday with your friend.9. What's the speakers' attitude towards writing 9. What's the speakers' attitude towards writing thank-you cards?thank-you cards? A. They think it out-dated. A. They think it out-dated. B. They think it inconvenient.B. They think it inconvenient. C. They think it good to keep the custom.C. They think it good to keep the custom.

听第四段独白，回答第听第四段独白，回答第 10—1210—12 题。题。10. What does the speaker imply about traffic in big 10. What does the speaker imply about traffic in big cities?cities? A. Buses are slow, but comfortable.A. Buses are slow, but comfortable. B. Parking in the rush hour is very difficult.B. Parking in the rush hour is very difficult. C. All the people use private transport instead of C. All the people use private transport instead of public transport.public transport.11. What does the speaker recommend to do to improve 11. What does the speaker recommend to do to improve the situation?the situation? A. To enlarge city centers.A. To enlarge city centers. B. To move to the areas outside the city.B. To move to the areas outside the city. C. To make good use of existing space.C. To make good use of existing space.12. How many aspects of our lives does the speaker 12. How many aspects of our lives does the speaker mention as affected by overcrowding?mention as affected by overcrowding? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.

听第五段对话，回答第听第五段对话，回答第 13—1513—15 题。题。13. Why does the man like 13. Why does the man like The TimesThe Times?? A. It has 20 pages every day.A. It has 20 pages every day. B. It carries a lot of sports news.B. It carries a lot of sports news. C. It doesn't devote 5 pages every day to baseball results.C. It doesn't devote 5 pages every day to baseball results.14. In what way is the jobs section on 14. In what way is the jobs section on The TimesThe Times useful to the useful to the local people?local people? A. It carries job ads from the local businesses.A. It carries job ads from the local businesses. B. It is the place where local businesses hire people.B. It is the place where local businesses hire people. C. It provides much information about local economy.C. It provides much information about local economy.15. What does the woman think will happen to job ads if 15. What does the woman think will happen to job ads if The The TimesTimes closes down? closes down? A. The other two newspapers will open a local jobs A. The other two newspapers will open a local jobs newspaper.newspaper. B. The local economy will be much affected but not destroyed.B. The local economy will be much affected but not destroyed. C. The job ads will be carried in either of the other two C. The job ads will be carried in either of the other two newspapers.newspapers.

第二节第二节 听取信息听取信息

江苏省教研室课标实施要求江苏省教研室课标实施要求：：

1. 1. 帮助学生掌握听的策略，在听的过程中培养获取和处理信帮助学生掌握听的策略，在听的过程中培养获取和处理信 息的能力。息的能力。2. 2. 培养学生语感。培养学生语感。3. 3. 培养学生能评价所听内容、判断语段深层含义的能力。培养学生能评价所听内容、判断语段深层含义的能力。

教学建议教学建议1. 1. 听力材料的选择要注意语境的真实性 （充分利用教材）听力材料的选择要注意语境的真实性 （充分利用教材） 听课、听讲座、讨论、辩论、演讲、广播、新闻、天气预报等听课、听讲座、讨论、辩论、演讲、广播、新闻、天气预报等 听不同口音的英语听不同口音的英语2. 2. 听力练习过程中注意培养学生的听力技巧训练听力练习过程中注意培养学生的听力技巧训练 语篇理解：大意与细节语篇理解：大意与细节 推理判断：对话的场合；讲话人喜恶、意图、态度；推理判断：对话的场合；讲话人喜恶、意图、态度； 人物关系等人物关系等3. 3. 加强听力答题的策略指导加强听力答题的策略指导 读题——猜题—— 听—— 答题——读题——读题——猜题—— 听—— 答题——读题——4. 4. 注意听力训练的长期性注意听力训练的长期性 0808 听力预测听力预测

英语知识运用部分英语知识运用部分• 课标要求课标要求• 试题分析试题分析• 课标教学要求课标教学要求• 教学建议教学建议

语言知识目标语言知识目标 (( 八级八级 )) 词汇词汇1. 1. 运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；2. 2. 在比较复杂的情况下，运用词汇给事物命名、进行在比较复杂的情况下，运用词汇给事物命名、进行 指称、描述行为、说明概念等；指称、描述行为、说明概念等；3. 3. 学会使用学会使用 33003300 个单词和个单词和 400—500400—500 个习惯用语或个习惯用语或固固 定搭配。定搭配。

语法语法1. 1. 进一步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式；进一步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式；2. 2. 进一步理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式；进一步理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式；

3. 3. 使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、 态度、情感等；态度、情感等；4. 4. 学习、掌握基本学习、掌握基本语篇知识语篇知识和逻辑关系。和逻辑关系。

功能功能1. 1. 在更广的在更广的语境语境中恰当理解和表达问候、告别、中恰当理解和表达问候、告别、 感谢、介绍等交际功能；感谢、介绍等交际功能；2. 2. 在日常人际交往中有效地使用得体的语言进行在日常人际交往中有效地使用得体的语言进行 表达，如发表意见、进行判断、责备、投诉等；表达，如发表意见、进行判断、责备、投诉等；3. 3. 灵活运用已经学过的常用功能项目，进一步学灵活运用已经学过的常用功能项目，进一步学 习并掌握新的语言功能项目；习并掌握新的语言功能项目；4. 4. 在实际生活中较熟练地实现信息沟通的目的。在实际生活中较熟练地实现信息沟通的目的。

词汇词汇 1.1. 学会使用学会使用 45004500 个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用语或固个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用语或固定定 搭配；搭配； 2.2. 能根据交际话题、场合和人际关系等相关因素选择较为适能根据交际话题、场合和人际关系等相关因素选择较为适 当的词语进行交流或表达。当的词语进行交流或表达。语法语法 1.1. 在八级要求的基础上，进一步理解语法形式的表意功能，在八级要求的基础上，进一步理解语法形式的表意功能， 并能有效地运用；并能有效地运用； 2.2.逐步接触和了解较为复杂的语言现象，对较复杂的语言逐步接触和了解较为复杂的语言现象，对较复杂的语言 现象具有一定的归纳、分析和解释的能力。现象具有一定的归纳、分析和解释的能力。功能功能 1.1. 能综合运用学过的常用功能项目，并能灵活、得体地能综合运用学过的常用功能项目，并能灵活、得体地 进行交流；进行交流； 2.2. 能根据交流需要，进一步学习并掌握新的语言表意和能根据交流需要，进一步学习并掌握新的语言表意和 交际功能；交际功能； 3.3. 在学习和交流中，能有效地运用语言提供认知水平，在学习和交流中，能有效地运用语言提供认知水平， 发展思维能力。发展思维能力。

99 级目标级目标

07 07 江苏、山东、广东卷江苏、山东、广东卷语言知识及应用部分分析语言知识及应用部分分析

江苏试题江苏试题单项选择部分：词汇、语法知识、功能的覆盖面较广，单项选择部分：词汇、语法知识、功能的覆盖面较广， 着重考察基础知识，突出对动词的考察，语境明着重考察基础知识，突出对动词的考察，语境明 晰，没有偏题、怪题，总体来说难度不大。晰，没有偏题、怪题，总体来说难度不大。

主要考查内容：主要考查内容：时态语态时态语态 2 2 动词短语动词短语 1 1 短语动词短语动词 1 1 情态动词情态动词 1 1 非谓语非谓语 33 习语习语 1 1 比较级比较级 1 1 交际用语交际用语 22冠词冠词 1 1 定语从句定语从句 1 1 宾语从句宾语从句 11

部分单选题分析部分单选题分析

2323. . At the end of the meeting, it was At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement______announced that an agreement______ ．．

AA．． has been reached has been reached BB．． had been reachedhad been reachedCC．． has reached has reached DD．． had reachedhad reached

28. 28. －－ Can I smoke hereCan I smoke here ？？ －－ Sorry We don’t allow______ hereSorry We don’t allow______ here ．． A. people smoking BA. people smoking B. . people smoke people smoke CC. . to smoke to smoke D D. . smokingsmoking

3232. . －－““ Could we put off the meeting?” she Could we put off the meeting?” she askedasked ．． －－““ ______,” he answered politely______,” he answered politely ．．““ TT

hishis is the only day everyone is availableis the only day everyone is available.”.” AA. . Not likely Not likely B B. . Not exactly Not exactly CC. . Not nearly Not nearly D D. . Not reallyNot really

完形填空完形填空仍采用记叙文模式， 文章长度为仍采用记叙文模式， 文章长度为 334334 单词。文章思单词。文章思路清晰，语境明确，同时具有较强的思想性。路清晰，语境明确，同时具有较强的思想性。

文章大意：国家汽车租赁公司希望在十天内能铺好文章大意：国家汽车租赁公司希望在十天内能铺好 22500500平方米的土路，平方米的土路， Carolyn StradleyCarolyn Stradley 勇敢地接受勇敢地接受了挑战，并成功地完成任务。作者旨在告诉我们成了挑战，并成功地完成任务。作者旨在告诉我们成功的关键是有勇气承担任何工作并创造性地完成工功的关键是有勇气承担任何工作并创造性地完成工作。文章最后一句话点明了主题。作。文章最后一句话点明了主题。

考查内容：以实词为主，有些空格的选项需要通篇考查内容：以实词为主，有些空格的选项需要通篇考虑，有些空格的选项需要了解词性的转化。考虑，有些空格的选项需要了解词性的转化。

部分完形填空分析：部分完形填空分析：Carolyn Stradley is the founder of C&S PavinCarolyn Stradley is the founder of C&S Paving Inc. (g Inc. ( 铺路公司铺路公司 ) in Atlanta, USA. In the fo) in Atlanta, USA. In the following account, she recalls the job that challllowing account, she recalls the job that challenged her enged her 36 36 and skill but left her flying hi and skill but left her flying high. gh. 36. A. kindness B. patience36. A. kindness B. patience C. imaginationC. imagination D. experience D. experience

……and then and then being creativebeing creative in our in our approach to getting it done.approach to getting it done.

……I got a special I got a special 50 50 to rent fire engine h to rent fire engine hoses (oses ( 消防水龙带消防水龙带 ) and connect them to n) and connect them to nearby hydrants (earby hydrants ( 消防栓消防栓 ); then I ); then I 51 51 hel held one of those hoses to d one of those hoses to 52 52 down the rock. down the rock.

50. A. excuse50. A. excuse B. order B. order C. C. permitpermit D. reason D. reason

52. A. pull52. A. pull B. knock B. knock C. hitC. hit D. D. waterwater

山东试题山东试题单项选择部分：词汇、语法知识、功能的覆盖面较广，单项选择部分：词汇、语法知识、功能的覆盖面较广， 着重考察基础知识，部分选项中的词语为课标着重考察基础知识，部分选项中的词语为课标 88 级级 词汇或超出课标；有些题目结构比较复杂，涉及词汇或超出课标；有些题目结构比较复杂，涉及 到独立结构。到独立结构。

主要考查内容：主要考查内容：冠词冠词 1 1 代词代词 2 2 时态语气时态语气 1 1 短语动词短语动词 1 1 动词辨义动词辨义 1 1 非谓语非谓语 22 形容词辨义形容词辨义 1 1 介词短语介词短语11交际用语交际用语 1 1 名词辨义名词辨义 1 1 定语从句定语从句 2 2 状语从句状语从句11

部分试题分析部分试题分析

2727 ．． I can’t say which wine is best I can’t say which wine is best —— it’s a it’s a（（ nn ）） of personal tasteof personal taste ．． AA ．． affairaffair B B ．． eventevent CC ．． mattermatter D D ．． varietyvariety

3131 ．． It is not socially It is not socially for parents to leav for parents to leavee children unattended at that agechildren unattended at that age ．．

AA ．． accessibleaccessible BB ．． adorableadorable CC ．．adaptableadaptable DD ．． acceptableacceptable

完形填空完形填空仍采用议论文模式，文章长度为仍采用议论文模式，文章长度为 280280单词，具有较单词，具有较强的思想性。文体与字数指使这篇完形填空有一定强的思想性。文体与字数指使这篇完形填空有一定难度。难度。

文章大意：文章围绕人生挑战的主题来写，旨在告文章大意：文章围绕人生挑战的主题来写，旨在告诉正是挑战塑造了我们，成就了我们的今天。诉正是挑战塑造了我们，成就了我们的今天。

考查内容：以实词为主，有些空格的选项需要全盘考查内容：以实词为主，有些空格的选项需要全盘考虑，选项中出现了不少考虑，选项中出现了不少 88 级词汇。级词汇。 e.g. promote, assessment, adjustment, e.g. promote, assessment, adjustment, commitment, appealcommitment, appeal等。等。

广东试题广东试题特点：特点：1. 1. 取消单项选泽题；取消单项选泽题；2. 2. 完形填空共完形填空共 1010 个空格；个空格；3. 3. 新增语法填空。新增语法填空。

完形填空分析：完形填空分析：主题：利用人像辨识技术自动登陆网站 主题：利用人像辨识技术自动登陆网站 全文全文 171171个单词，具有较强的时代性。文章中出现个单词，具有较强的时代性。文章中出现较多的较多的 88 级词汇和一些超标词汇。题材、体裁与话级词汇和一些超标词汇。题材、体裁与话题使这篇完形填空有一定难度。题使这篇完形填空有一定难度。选项全是实词，有些空格的选项需要通篇考虑，有选项全是实词，有些空格的选项需要通篇考虑，有些空格的选项需要了解构词法知识，有些空格的选些空格的选项需要了解构词法知识，有些空格的选项需要全盘考虑。项需要全盘考虑。

Wouldn’t it be great if we didn’t have to remember pWouldn’t it be great if we didn’t have to remember passwords (asswords ( 密码密码 ) ever again) ever again ？？ If we could just sit in If we could just sit in front of our computers and be front of our computers and be 21 21 logged in ( logged in ( 登登录录 )?)?……If the system If the system 29 29 to recognize your to recognize your 30 30 , you can re, you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a call the Windows user name and password by using a hot-key hot-key combinationcombination. . 21. A. 21. A. automatically automatically B. personally B. personally C. correctly C. correctly D. occasionallyD. occasionally29. A. begins29. A. begins B. triesB. tries C. C. failsfails D. stopsD. stops30. A. account30. A. account B. nameB. name C. passwordC. password D. faceD. face

语法填空语法填空（新题型）（新题型）

要求考生按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连要求考生按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。用括号中词语的正确形式填空。所填内容包括动词的时态、非谓语动词、介所填内容包括动词的时态、非谓语动词、介词、疑问代词（引导宾语从句）、关系代词词、疑问代词（引导宾语从句）、关系代词冠词、形容词等。本题型语篇要求高，且含冠词、形容词等。本题型语篇要求高，且含有一些超标词汇，有些句子结构比较复杂。有一些超标词汇，有些句子结构比较复杂。

e.g. e.g. CursingCursing my my misfortunemisfortune, I was wonderin, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night g where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who hwhen I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as ad gathered around me were arguing as toto 32 32 should have the honor of receivinshould have the honor of receiving meg me 33 33 a guest in their house.a guest in their house.

江苏省教研室课标实施要求江苏省教研室课标实施要求：：

1. 1. 帮助学生通过学习和不断运用， 帮助学生通过学习和不断运用， 33003300 个左右的单词和个左右的单词和 40400-5000-500 个习惯用语或固定搭配的用法。个习惯用语或固定搭配的用法。

2. 2. 帮助学生理解不同情景下词汇在语句中所表达出的不同意帮助学生理解不同情景下词汇在语句中所表达出的不同意义。义。

教学建议教学建议1. 1. 注重基础教学，把握好词汇教学的深度与广度。注重基础教学，把握好词汇教学的深度与广度。 掌握词语的基本用法及使用场合（掌握词语的基本用法及使用场合（ e.g. allow, suggest)e.g. allow, suggest) 注意同义词辨析（注意同义词辨析（ e.g. rise/raise, sit/seat, e.g. rise/raise, sit/seat, contain/include, contain/include, common/ordinary/popular/normalcommon/ordinary/popular/normal 等。等。 帮助学生建构自己的词汇网络。帮助学生建构自己的词汇网络。2. 2. 掌握英语的基本语法框架，了解词性与句子成分。掌握英语的基本语法框架，了解词性与句子成分。3. 3. 掌握一定量的短语（短语动词、动词短语、介词短语等掌握一定量的短语（短语动词、动词短语、介词短语等 )) 。。4. 4. 掌握一定的语篇知识。掌握一定的语篇知识。

0808 语言知识题预测语言知识题预测

阅读部分阅读部分• 课标要求课标要求• 试题分析试题分析• 课标教学要求课标教学要求• 教学建议教学建议

语言技能目标语言技能目标八级八级1. 1. 能识别不同文体的特征；能识别不同文体的特征；2. 2. 能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；3. 3. 能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；4. 4. 能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工 处理；处理；5. 5. 能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；6. 6. 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到 3030 万词以上。万词以上。九级九级1. 1. 能阅读一般性的英文报刊或杂志，从中获取主要信息；能阅读一般性的英文报刊或杂志，从中获取主要信息；2. 2. 能阅读一般英文原著，抓住主要情节，了解主要人物；能阅读一般英文原著，抓住主要情节，了解主要人物；3. 3. 能读懂各种商品的说明书等非专业技术性的资料；能读懂各种商品的说明书等非专业技术性的资料；4. 4. 能根据情景及上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象；能根据情景及上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象；5. 5. 能使用多种参考资料和工具书解决较复杂的语言疑难；能使用多种参考资料和工具书解决较复杂的语言疑难；6. 6. 有广泛的阅读兴趣及良好的阅读习惯；有广泛的阅读兴趣及良好的阅读习惯；7. 7. 能有效地利用网络等媒体获取和处理信息。 能有效地利用网络等媒体获取和处理信息。

语言技能教学建议语言技能教学建议

阅读技能的教学 阅读技能的教学 教学目的：培养阅读策略；培养语感；特别强调培养学生教学目的：培养阅读策略；培养语感；特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。 在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。

基本技能基本技能 ::略读略读 (skimming)(skimming) ； 找读； 找读 (scanning)(scanning) ； 预测下文； ； 预测下文； 理解大意； 分清文章中的事实和观点； 猜测词义； 理解大意； 分清文章中的事实和观点； 猜测词义； 推理判断； 了解重点细节； 理解文章结构； 推理判断； 了解重点细节； 理解文章结构； 理解图表信息； 理解指代关系； 理解逻辑关系； 理解图表信息； 理解指代关系； 理解逻辑关系； 理解作者意图； 评价阅读内容。理解作者意图； 评价阅读内容。

材料选择：贴近学生生活和语言水平；题材广泛，体裁多材料选择：贴近学生生活和语言水平；题材广泛，体裁多样；具有思想性、趣味性、知识性、挑战性和时代性。 样；具有思想性、趣味性、知识性、挑战性和时代性。

对阅读能力的评价对阅读能力的评价

阅读技能与试题设计阅读技能与试题设计测试要点：测试要点：1.1. 理解主旨大意 理解主旨大意 2. 2. 寻读具体信息 寻读具体信息 3. 3. 理解细节理解细节4. 4. 根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解5. 5. 简单的判断和推理 简单的判断和推理 6. 6. 理解文段的基本逻辑结构理解文段的基本逻辑结构7. 7. 理解作者的意图和态度 理解作者的意图和态度 8. 8. 理解文段的文化信息理解文段的文化信息

测试方式：测试方式：1.1. 单项选择 单项选择 2.2.完形填空 完形填空 3.3. 填词题 填词题 4.4. 是非题 是非题 5.5.完成句子 完成句子 6.6. 图文转换 图文转换 7.7. 笔头转述 笔头转述 8.8. 要点记录 要点记录 9.9. 内容总结 内容总结 10.10.按指令完成文段 按指令完成文段 11.11. 与写作结合完成任务与写作结合完成任务

试题分析试题分析

阅读材料（包括问题部分）长度比较阅读材料（包括问题部分）长度比较 江苏：江苏： 25122512 山东：山东： 2279 + 2279 + 阅读表达阅读表达 广东：广东： 1659 + 1659 + 信息匹配题 信息匹配题 + + 读写任务读写任务

问题类型问题类型 细节 判断词义 目的态度 推理判断 选择标题 写作技巧细节 判断词义 目的态度 推理判断 选择标题 写作技巧江苏 江苏 11 2 2 3 1 111 2 2 3 1 1山东 山东 10 1 2 6 1 10 1 2 6 1 广东 广东 6 2 1 4 1 16 2 1 4 1 1

阅读题材阅读题材共同特点：题材多样，时代感强，贴近生活，涉及面广 共同特点：题材多样，时代感强，贴近生活，涉及面广 不同特点：不同特点：江苏与山东：故事、人物传记、社会现象、科技、旅游等江苏与山东：故事、人物传记、社会现象、科技、旅游等 学生可能比较熟悉的话题；学生可能比较熟悉的话题；广东：投资、人生哲学、广东：投资、人生哲学、疾病疾病等话题，难度相对较大。等话题，难度相对较大。 信息匹配题（新题型）信息匹配题（新题型）

信息匹配考查学生有选择、有效地使用参考资源，考查学生信息匹配考查学生有选择、有效地使用参考资源，考查学生的阅读策略，尤其是略读和跳读以的阅读策略，尤其是略读和跳读以快速捕抓信息的快速捕抓信息的能力。文能力。文段以应用文为主，考查考生获取应用文信息的能力。段以应用文为主，考查考生获取应用文信息的能力。 0707广东：将广告及相关的读者来信进行匹配。广东：将广告及相关的读者来信进行匹配。

广东阅读广东阅读 AAHow should one How should one investinvest a sum of money in these a sum of money in these days of inflation (days of inflation ( 通货膨胀通货膨胀 )? Left in a bank it )? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the intwill hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich onerest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the e, dares to buy and sell on the Stock MarketStock Market. T. Today it seems that one of the best ways to proteoday it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings, and even increase your wealth ct your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting I am going to offer some advice on collecting aantiquentique clocks, which I personally consider are clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.among the most interesting of antiques. （投资（投资 ----外星人的故事外星人的故事 ----人类和时间的历史。）人类和时间的历史。）

广东阅读广东阅读 CCMalariaMalaria, the world's most widespread parasitic (, the world's most widespread parasitic ( 寄寄生虫引起的生虫引起的 ) disease, kills as many as three million p) disease, kills as many as three million people every year… In most years, more than five huneople every year… In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, adred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to lthough exact numbers are difficult to assess assess because because many people don't (or can't) seek care…many people don't (or can't) seek care…Malaria starMalaria starts suddenly, with violent ts suddenly, with violent chillschills, which are soon follow, which are soon followed by an ed by an intenseintense fever and, often, headaches. As the fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites parasites multiplymultiply, they take over the entire body. M, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood alaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells cells they they infect (infect ( 感染感染 ). They can also attach themselves to blo). They can also attach themselves to blood od vesselsvessels in the brain. in the brain. （专业术语）（专业术语）

江苏省教研室课标教学要求江苏省教研室课标教学要求1. 1. 帮助学生掌握阅读策略，并运用阅读策略，在帮助学生掌握阅读策略，并运用阅读策略，在阅读过程中培养获取和处理信息的能力。阅读过程中培养获取和处理信息的能力。

2. 2. 培养学生运用所学语言知识理解长句、难句的培养学生运用所学语言知识理解长句、难句的能力，提高其阅读水平。能力，提高其阅读水平。

3. 3. 帮助学生掌握在运用中阅读策略推理判断、猜帮助学生掌握在运用中阅读策略推理判断、猜测词义、理解文章结构、理解图表信息、理解逻辑测词义、理解文章结构、理解图表信息、理解逻辑关系、理解作者意图等方法。关系、理解作者意图等方法。

4. 4. 引导学生欣赏英语文学作品，正确评价所读文引导学生欣赏英语文学作品，正确评价所读文章。章。

教学建议教学建议1. 1. 突出语篇教学突出语篇教学 ,,让学生熟悉篇章类型和文体图式，让学生熟悉篇章类型和文体图式，学学 会篇章结构的分析。会篇章结构的分析。 篇章类型：篇章类型： 说明型 说明型 expository type, expository type, 议论型 议论型 argumentative tyargumentative type, pe, 描写型 描写型 descriptive type, descriptive type, 叙事型 叙事型 narrative typenarrative type 篇章结构： 篇章结构： bottom-up top-down bottom-up top-down PPPC

2.2. 了解学生的了解学生的阅读障碍，阅读障碍，加强对学生阅读答题策略的加强对学生阅读答题策略的 指导。指导。 常见问句形式、答题依据、答题依据

3. 3. 通过阅读实践提高阅读能力。（通过阅读实践提高阅读能力。（ 3030万词以上）万词以上）0808 阅读理解题预测阅读理解题预测

写作（书面表达）部分写作（书面表达）部分• 课标要求课标要求• 试题分析试题分析• 课标教学要求课标教学要求• 教学建议教学建议

语言技能目标语言技能目标(( 八级八级 ) ) 1. 1. 能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；2. 2. 能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；3. 3. 能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点 和态度；和态度；4. 4. 能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。((九级九级 ))1. 1. 能用英文书写摘要、报告、通知和公务信函等；能用英文书写摘要、报告、通知和公务信函等；2. 2. 能比较详细和生动地用英语描述情景、态度或感情；能比较详细和生动地用英语描述情景、态度或感情；3. 3. 能阐述自己的观点和评述他人的观点，文体恰当，用词准确；能阐述自己的观点和评述他人的观点，文体恰当，用词准确；

4. 4. 能在写作中恰当地处理引用的资料及他人的原话；能在写作中恰当地处理引用的资料及他人的原话；5. 5. 能填写各种表格，写个人简历和申请书，用语基本能填写各种表格，写个人简历和申请书，用语基本 正确、得当；正确、得当；6. 6. 能做简单的笔头翻译；能做简单的笔头翻译；7. 7. 能在以上写作过程中做到文字通顺，格式正确。 能在以上写作过程中做到文字通顺，格式正确。

语言技能教学建议（写作）语言技能教学建议（写作）教学目的：表述事实、观点、情感、想象力，交流信息，教学目的：表述事实、观点、情感、想象力，交流信息， 培养规范的写作习惯。 培养规范的写作习惯。 基本技能：整理思路； 组织素材； 基本技能：整理思路； 组织素材； 规划文章结构规划文章结构； ； 列出提纲； 起草文章； 组织语言； 列出提纲； 起草文章； 组织语言； 遣词造句； 修改文章； 遣词造句； 修改文章； 正确使用标点符号和字母大小写。正确使用标点符号和字母大小写。

语言技能评价（写作）语言技能评价（写作）测试要点：测试要点： 1.1. 内容清楚、连贯 内容清楚、连贯 2.2.结构完整结构完整； ； 3.3. 逻辑性强逻辑性强；； 4.4. 主题突出； 主题突出； 5.5. 用词及文体恰当用词及文体恰当 测试方法：测试方法： 1.1.短文写作短文写作 ((日记、小故事等日记、小故事等 )) ；； 2.2. 实用性写作实用性写作 ((卡片、信件、说明、留言、填写表格等卡片、信件、说明、留言、填写表格等 )) ；； 3.3. 图文信息图文信息 转换转换 (( 图表描述、信息解读、写配图说明图表描述、信息解读、写配图说明 )) ；； 4.4.接续完成接续完成 文段；文段； 5.5.写电子邮件等。 写电子邮件等。

江苏、山东、广东试题分析江苏、山东、广东试题分析

江苏江苏第一节第一节 对话填空对话填空

7676．． meet meet

7777．． disappointed / discouraged / depressed disappointed / discouraged / depressed

7878．． How 79How 79 ．． living / leading 80living / leading 80 ．． actually actually

8181．． forward/ forth 82forward/ forth 82 ．． Achieved 83Achieved 83 ．． other other

8484．． future 85future 85 ．． CongratulationsCongratulations

第二节 书面表达第二节 书面表达20072007年年 44月月 2929日上午日上午 1010点到点到 1111 点，全国亿万学生阳光体点，全国亿万学生阳光体育活动在各地大中小学校同时举行。江苏省育活动在各地大中小学校同时举行。江苏省 1,1101,110 万学生积极万学生积极参与了这项活动。参与了这项活动。教育部倡导学生： ● 每天锻炼一小时教育部倡导学生： ● 每天锻炼一小时 ● ● 健康工作五十年 ● 幸福生活一辈子健康工作五十年 ● 幸福生活一辈子请根据以上指示，用英语准备一份请根据以上指示，用英语准备一份发言稿发言稿，向同学们讲述一下，向同学们讲述一下阳光体育活动的有关情况，并就高三学生是否需要每天花一小阳光体育活动的有关情况，并就高三学生是否需要每天花一小时锻炼，谈谈你的时锻炼，谈谈你的看法及理由看法及理由。。注意：注意：11．发言稿应包括以上所有信息，要有适当发挥。．发言稿应包括以上所有信息，要有适当发挥。22．词数：．词数： 120120 左右左右。发言稿的开头和结尾已经写好，不计入。发言稿的开头和结尾已经写好，不计入 词总数。词总数。33．参考词汇：．参考词汇： 阳光体育活动 － 阳光体育活动 － a national student sports programa national student sports program ； ； 教育部 － 教育部 － the Ministry of Educationthe Ministry of Education

发言稿语篇结构发言稿语篇结构• 称呼语称呼语• 概述概述• 教育部倡导教育部倡导• 个人观点个人观点• 结束语结束语

写作的文体为发言稿，提供的素材比较详尽，语篇写作的文体为发言稿，提供的素材比较详尽，语篇结构比较明晰（提供了首句和尾句），学生比较容结构比较明晰（提供了首句和尾句），学生比较容易上手。易上手。

山东山东第一节 阅读表达第一节 阅读表达文章讲述了如何处理大量的电子邮件的方法。考查内容涉及对文章讲述了如何处理大量的电子邮件的方法。考查内容涉及对文章难句的理解、篇章的把握、总结推断以及难句的翻译。文章难句的理解、篇章的把握、总结推断以及难句的翻译。

76. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning76. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? to the following one? The possible existence of annoyance results from ourThe possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.inability to sort out e-mails.

If this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developedIf this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developedan appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.

77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 8 with a proper 77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 8 with a proper sentence.sentence. （（ within 10 words within 10 words ））

E-mail(s) can be handled in the following ways.E-mail(s) can be handled in the following ways.……

第二节：写作第二节：写作 阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇 阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇 120—150 120—150 词的短文。词的短文。 今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。 免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。

本篇写作题没有提供很详尽的素材，语篇结构也没有提示，对本篇写作题没有提供很详尽的素材，语篇结构也没有提示，对考生来说要写好比较困难。考生来说要写好比较困难。

Pa.1 beginning (general info. + thesis statement)Pa.1 beginning (general info. + thesis statement) Pa.2 Reason 1 TS-SS-SS-SS-SSPa.2 Reason 1 TS-SS-SS-SS-SS Pa.3 Reason 2 TS-SS-SS-SS-SSPa.3 Reason 2 TS-SS-SS-SS-SS Pa.4 Reason 3 TS-SS-SS-SS-SSPa.4 Reason 3 TS-SS-SS-SS-SS Pa.5 conclusionPa.5 conclusion

广东广东第一节 基础写作第一节 基础写作要求考生根据一则调查写一篇短文。根据以上数据，写一篇短要求考生根据一则调查写一篇短文。根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：文，包括以下内容：11．调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；．调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象； 22．男女生在以明星．男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；为偶像方面的差异； 33．．““父母父母””在男女生偶像中的排序差异；在男女生偶像中的排序差异；44．男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；．男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同； 55．你的偶像及理由。．你的偶像及理由。[[写作要求写作要求 ]]11．只能使用．只能使用 55个句子表达全部内容；个句子表达全部内容； 22．文中不能出现真实．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 姓名和学校名称。

广东试题第一节写作的特点：广东试题第一节写作的特点：虽然题材感觉亲切，接近学生的生活，但考题的信息量大，虽然题材感觉亲切，接近学生的生活，但考题的信息量大，要求考生有较高的分析信息能力、重新组织信息能力和使用要求考生有较高的分析信息能力、重新组织信息能力和使用复杂句型的能力。本题难度很大。复杂句型的能力。本题难度很大。

第二节第二节 读写任务读写任务要求考生要求考生阅读一封信，然后按照要求写一篇阅读一封信，然后按照要求写一篇 150150 词左右的英词左右的英语短文。语短文。 信的主要内容是：在你出生时，父亲给你写了封信，表达了信的主要内容是：在你出生时，父亲给你写了封信，表达了对你未来的期望。在你对你未来的期望。在你 1818岁时，父亲生日那天，母亲拿出岁时，父亲生日那天，母亲拿出当年父亲写给你的信给你看，请你写封回信，谈谈你的感觉当年父亲写给你的信给你看，请你写封回信，谈谈你的感觉和过去的生活经历。和过去的生活经历。要求：要求：11．以约．以约 3030 个词概括父亲在他信中对你的期望；个词概括父亲在他信中对你的期望；22．以约．以约 120120 个词表达你对父亲的感恩，并包括如下要点：个词表达你对父亲的感恩，并包括如下要点：(1)(1) 读信后的感受；读信后的感受； (2)(2) 以你自己成长的经历说明你的感受；以你自己成长的经历说明你的感受；(3)(3) 表达你对父亲的感激和祝福。表达你对父亲的感激和祝福。

总结：总结：从用词的准确性和概括性要求、信息提供从用词的准确性和概括性要求、信息提供的方式、写作素材的要求、写作文体要求的方式、写作素材的要求、写作文体要求等方面看，山东、广东的试题难度明显大等方面看，山东、广东的试题难度明显大于江苏试题。于江苏试题。

江苏省教研室课标教学要求江苏省教研室课标教学要求

1. 1. 要求学生能正确、清楚地表述事实、观点、情感，要求学生能正确、清楚地表述事实、观点、情感， 并能在写作中运用合理的并能在写作中运用合理的想象力想象力。。2. 2. 帮助学生掌握写作技巧（帮助学生掌握写作技巧（整理思路、组织素材、整理思路、组织素材、 规划文章结构、列出提纲、起草文章、组织语言、规划文章结构、列出提纲、起草文章、组织语言、 遣词造句、遣词造句、修改文章、正确运用标点符号和大小修改文章、正确运用标点符号和大小 写）。写）。3. 3. 要求学生写好文章后能自我修改和相互修改。要求学生写好文章后能自我修改和相互修改。4. 4. 帮助学生掌握各类体裁（如，记叙文、应用文、帮助学生掌握各类体裁（如，记叙文、应用文、 议论文和说明文）的写作技巧。议论文和说明文）的写作技巧。

教学建议教学建议1.1.

培养学生谴词造句的能力，让他们学会写出理想的句子。

句子的结构、长短、交际功能 （正确、地道、句子的结构、长短、交际功能 （正确、地道、生动、富有信息）生动、富有信息）

2.2.培养学生段落发展意识，让他们写出地道的段落。

主题句、辅助句、总结句；句间纽带；句型主题句、辅助句、总结句；句间纽带；句型多样化多样化

3.3.培养学生语篇能力，让他们写出连贯、得体的文章。

Thank you forThank you for your kind attention!your kind attention!

Contact me at:Contact me at: jstzzc@hotmail.com http://zhangchun.ntjy.net

句子句子（正确、地道、生动、富有信（正确、地道、生动、富有信息）息）

Who? What? When? Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?Where? Why? How?How many/much?…How many/much?…

He is a boy.He is a boy.He is considerate.He is considerate.He came.He came.

Now David is England’s most famous mid-Now David is England’s most famous mid-

field player and a world superstar. field player and a world superstar.

When I suddenly fell ill, it was he who came aWhen I suddenly fell ill, it was he who came and carried me on his back to a nearby hospitand carried me on his back to a nearby hospital. He took good care of me while I was having l. He took good care of me while I was having an injection…an injection…

On the morning of April 29, 2007, from 10:00 On the morning of April 29, 2007, from 10:00 to 11:00, hundreds of millions of students to 11:00, hundreds of millions of students from primary, middle schools and from primary, middle schools and universities all over China joined in a universities all over China joined in a national student sports program.national student sports program.

一老太太走在街上，她的手里拿着提一老太太走在街上，她的手里拿着提包。一男子骑车过来，抢走她的提包。包。一男子骑车过来，抢走她的提包。老太太呼救、追赶。一男孩从学校出老太太呼救、追赶。一男孩从学校出来见此情景，拿出一盒图钉洒在路上。来见此情景，拿出一盒图钉洒在路上。坏蛋车胎被扎破，被抓住送去公安局。坏蛋车胎被扎破，被抓住送去公安局。

1.1. An old lady was walking inAn old lady was walking in the street.the street. 2. She had a suitcase in her 2. She had a suitcase in her hand. hand.

((One day), an old lady was One day), an old lady was walking slowly in the street (with walking slowly in the street (with a suitcase in her hand).a suitcase in her hand).

3. A man came up by bike.3. A man came up by bike.4. The man snatched her case.4. The man snatched her case.

((Suddenly) a man (riding a bike) Suddenly) a man (riding a bike) came up and snatched her case came up and snatched her case (fiercely).(fiercely).

The old lady shouted for help aThe old lady shouted for help and ran after him, (but couldn’t nd ran after him, (but couldn’t catch up with the bike.)catch up with the bike.)

5. The lady shouted for help.5. The lady shouted for help.6. She ran after him.6. She ran after him.

(Just then), a boy came out of (Just then), a boy came out of school and saw (what school and saw (what happened). happened).

7. A boy came out of school.7. A boy came out of school.8. He saw that. 8. He saw that.

9. He took out a box of push-pins.9. He took out a box of push-pins.10. He threw them on the road.10. He threw them on the road.

He (immediately) took out a He (immediately) took out a box of push-pins and threw box of push-pins and threw them on the road. them on the road.

11. The bike tyres were 11. The bike tyres were punctured.punctured.12. The man had to stop.12. The man had to stop.

((Just as the boy expected), the Just as the boy expected), the bike tyres were punctured (by bike tyres were punctured (by the push-pins on the road) (and) the push-pins on the road) (and) the man had to stop.the man had to stop.

BACKBACKBACKBACK

One possible solution to this problem now One possible solution to this problem now being discussed is sustainable development. being discussed is sustainable development. Sustainable development is long-term planning Sustainable development is long-term planning which focuses on the environment and which focuses on the environment and preserving natural resources. It is all about preserving natural resources. It is all about creating better health care, education, housing creating better health care, education, housing and improved standards of living for everyone. and improved standards of living for everyone. This is a simple idea, but one which is hard to This is a simple idea, but one which is hard to put into practice. However, it is something that put into practice. However, it is something that we must do because without sustainable we must do because without sustainable development, our future and the lives …development, our future and the lives …

topic sentencetopic sentencetopic sentencetopic sentence

ExerciseExercise

段落—主题句原则段落—主题句原则

Wherever you go in our school, you see Wherever you go in our school, you see green lawns and trees and beautiful green lawns and trees and beautiful flowers. Dotted among these trees and flowers. Dotted among these trees and flowers are many buildings of different flowers are many buildings of different styles. A stream runs through our styles. A stream runs through our school and you always see everything school and you always see everything reflected in the water. Our school is reflected in the water. Our school is just like a garden. just like a garden.

Topic sentence:____________________Topic sentence:____________________

Topic sentence: Topic sentence: Ours is a very modern school.Ours is a very modern school.

Supporting sentences:Supporting sentences: 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5.

Connections?Connections?

段落—连接手段原则段落—连接手段原则

I believe English is more important than I believe English is more important than other foreign languages other foreign languages for many reasonsfor many reasons. . First of allFirst of all, English is spoken by a large , English is spoken by a large number of people, and these people are number of people, and these people are the most widely spread across the world in the most widely spread across the world in a great many countries. a great many countries. SecondlySecondly, English , English is the most widely used language on the is the most widely used language on the internet. It has become an on-line internet. It has become an on-line language. language. ThirdlyThirdly, the 2008 Olympic , the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in our country and Games will be held in our country and English will be very useful. English will be very useful. LastlyLastly, …, …

Other linking wordsOther linking words

11 ）） first, second, third, lastfirst, second, third, last22 ）） firstly, secondly, thirdly, finallyfirstly, secondly, thirdly, finally33 ） ） in the first place, in the second in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastlyplace, in the third place, lastly44 ） ） to begin with, then, furthermore,to begin with, then, furthermore, finallyfinally

55 ）） to start with, next, in addition, to start with, next, in addition, finally finally66 ）） first and foremost, besides, last first and foremost, besides, last but not least but not least77 ）） most important of all, moreover, most important of all, moreover, finally finally88 ）） on the one hand, on the other on the one hand, on the other hand hand99 ）） for one thing, for another thingfor one thing, for another thing

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of the mind, the intellectual need of the mind, they are in a way quite similar.they are in a way quite similar.

BACKBACK

段落—句型多样化原则段落—句型多样化原则

Topic paragraphTopic paragraph

Supporting Paragraph 1Supporting Paragraph 1

Supporting Paragraph 2Supporting Paragraph 2

Supporting Paragraph 3Supporting Paragraph 3

Concluding paragraphConcluding paragraph

篇章篇章

Topic paragraphTopic paragraph(Introduction) paragra(Introduction) paragraphph General statement Topic statement

To many students, school life is To many students, school life is boring and tiring. However, I fiboring and tiring. However, I find my school life meaningful and my school life meaningful and colourful.nd colourful.

•My schoolMy school

(big, modern and beautiful)(big, modern and beautiful)

general statementgeneral statement

topic statementtopic statement

Supporting ParagrapSupporting Paragraphshs(Body) Paragraphs(Body) Paragraphs

TSTSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

Firstly, ...Firstly, ...Secondly, ...Secondly, .....Moreover, ...Moreover, ...Finally, …Finally, …However, ...

However, ...In addition, …In addition, …Furthermore, Furthermore,

......

ConclusionConclusionI think…I think…Personally,…Personally,…Obviously, we can draw the Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that…conclusion that…

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus on account of this, thus

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Thus, it can be concluded that…,

Therefore, we can find that…Therefore, we can find that…

From what has been discussed From what has been discussed

above, we may draw the above, we may draw the

conclusion that ... conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ... In summary, it is wiser ...

In short... In short...

Topic paragraphTopic paragraph

Supporting Paragraph 1Supporting Paragraph 1

Supporting Paragraph 2Supporting Paragraph 2

Supporting Paragraph 3Supporting Paragraph 3

Concluding paragraphConcluding paragraph

Our schoolOur schoolOur schoolOur school

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… … My school is large, modern and beautiful. My school is large, modern and beautiful.

TS: Our school is really large.TS: Our school is really large. ss-ss-ss-ss-ss ss-ss-ss-ss-ss

Our school is a very modern one.Our school is a very modern one. ss-ss-ss-ss-ssss-ss-ss-ss-ss

Our school is well-known for its beauty.Our school is well-known for its beauty. ss-ss-ss-ss-ssss-ss-ss-ss-ss

I’m proud of being I’m proud of being a student ofa student of such a goodsuch a good school.school.

Topic paragraphTopic paragraph Supporting Paragraph 1Supporting Paragraph 1

Supporting Paragraph 2Supporting Paragraph 2

Supporting Paragraph 3Supporting Paragraph 3

Concluding paragraphConcluding paragraph

常见问句形式常见问句形式 11．主旨和大意类题目．主旨和大意类题目 22．细节题．细节题 33．推判题．推判题 44．词意推断题．词意推断题 55．指代题．指代题 66．篇章结构题．篇章结构题

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PPPC 简介

PPPC 阅读法是英国语言专家 Ged

Neary 介绍的一种积极阅读技巧。 PPP

C 指阅读过程中的四种技巧，即 Predic

tion, Pattern, Personalizing 和 Context 。

PPPC 简介

PPPC 阅读法是英国语言专家 Ged

Neary 介绍的一种积极阅读技巧。 PPP

C 指阅读过程中的四种技巧，即 Predic

tion, Pattern, Personalizing 和 Context 。

可以作如下预测：

1). 文章的出处可能是报纸或杂志（ newspapers or magazines ）；2). 文章的话题是讨论校服问题 (school uniform) ；3). 文章要讨论的相关内容可能有：款式、颜色、 时髦、设计、材料、质量、价格、特色、尺寸、 决定权等等方面 (style, colour, fashion, design, material, quality, price, character, size, decision- making) 。

可以作如下预测：

1). 文章的出处可能是报纸或杂志（ newspapers or magazines ）；2). 文章的话题是讨论校服问题 (school uniform) ；3). 文章要讨论的相关内容可能有：款式、颜色、 时髦、设计、材料、质量、价格、特色、尺寸、 决定权等等方面 (style, colour, fashion, design, material, quality, price, character, size, decision- making) 。

预测 Prediction

“SCHOOL UNIFORMS NOT

COOL ENOUGH?”

结构 Pattern

Paragraph: Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Concluding Sentence

结构 Pattern

Paragraph: Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Concluding Sentence

Essay:

Introduction paragraph

Body paragraphs

Concluding paragraph

Essay:

Introduction paragraph

Body paragraphs

Concluding paragraph

Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Topic Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

Supporting Sentence

PPPC

内化 Personalizing

(What part of the story do you like best? What do you think of the article? etc)语境 Context

PPPC

内化 Personalizing

(What part of the story do you like best? What do you think of the article? etc)语境 Context

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