6,13-()

Studies on the Electrical Characteristics of 6,13-Bis

(triisopropylsilylethynyl) Pentacene Organic Thin Film

Transistors by Crystal-Grown Direction

( Yong-Zhi Lin )

Prof. Chin-Tsou Kuo

Department of Chemical Engineering Tatung University

Oct. 2012

1

n-Butyllithium 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)

pentacene (TIPS-PEN)

TIPS-PEN

TIPS-PEN

TIPS-PEN

TIPS-PEN

mobility

0.103 cm2/Vson/off current ratio() 1.85 105

-2.8 V

TIPSP-PEN

TIPSP-PEN 1.5 L

mobility 0.157 cm2/Vs on/off current ratio(

) 1.25 106

2

.... I

...... II

. VI

IX

1

1-1 1

1-2 .................................................................... 2

..................................................................................... 4

2-1 (Organic Thin Film TransistorOTFT)............ 4

2-2 ............................................ 5

2-3 ........................................ 7

2-3-1 (Mobility)........................................................... 7

2-3-2 (Threshold voltage, VT).......................................... 9

2-3-3 (Subthreshold slope)........................................ 9

2-3-4 (On/off current ratio)...................................... 10

2-4 .......................................................................... 10

2-5 (Ci)............................................................ 11

2-6 .......................................................................... 12

3

2-7 TIPS-PEN...................................................................................... 12

2-8 TIPS-PEN.......................................................... 13

2-9 ...................................................................................... 16

............................................................................................ 17

3-1................................................................................................ 17

3-2 ...................................................................................... 19

3-2-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone.................................. 19

3-2-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene 19

3-2-3 OTFT :(Bottom-cotact) ......... 21

3-2-4 ........................................................................ 25

3-3 .................................................................. 26

................................................................................. 29

4-1 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene... 29

4-2 . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . 32

4-3 ................................. 53

............................................................................................. 57

................................................................................................... 59

4

Figure 1-1 The first transistor created by Bell Laboratories

in 1947 [1]. ................................................................................2

Figure 1-2 Organic thin film transistor applications on the flexible

OLED Display 4]. ............2

Figure 1-3 Chemical structure of soluble and insoluble organic

semiconductor materials. ..........................................................3

Figure 2-1 Schematic representations of field-effect transistor

architectures, (a) top-gate bottom-contact,

(b) top-gate top-contact, (c) bottom-gate

bottom-contact, and (d) bottom-gate top-contact [9]. ..............6

Figure 2-2 The operational mechanism of OTFT [8]. ................................6

Figure 2-3 (a) Molecular structure of TIPS and TES derivatives.

(b) Typical TIPS crystal. Molecular packing in (c) TIPS

and (d) TES crystals [14]. ....................................................14

Figure 2-4 The structure of OTFTs using TIPS-pentacene

semiconductor droplet which was dried under

Ar gas injection in a quartz tube [15]. .................................15

5

Figure 2-5 (a) Schematic diagram of the solution-shearing

method. (b) Cross-polarized optical microscope

images of solution-sheared TIPS-PEN thin films,

formed with shearing speeds of TIPS-PEN [12]. ....................15

Figure 3-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone. .........................................19

Figure 3-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene.....20

Figure3-3 Architecture of TIPS-PEN OTFT: (a) sidelong glance

and (b) overlook......24

Figure 3-4 Fabrication process of TIPS thin film deposited on the

substrate.....................................................................................25

Figure 3-5 A plot of potential energy versus internuclear distance for

the Interaction between two atoms......28

Figure 3-6 Schematic assembly of an AFM..28

Figure 4.1 IR Spectrum of 6,13 -bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)

pentacene.....30

Figure 4.2 1H-NMR spectra of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)

pentacene30

Figure 4-3 A drying process of TIPS-PEN solution on deposition..33

6

Figure 4-4 Optical microscopic images of TIPS-PEN deposited with

(a) the nucleus in channel and the crystal grew

(b) parallel, (c) perpendicular, (d) diagonal,

(e) bevel-60 ,and (f) bevel-30 to the current flow

between source and drain electrodes...........33

Figure 4-5 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the

TIPS-PEN OTFT with the nucleation in the channel.35.

Figure 4-6 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrograph images of the

TIPS-PEN thin film with the nucleation in the channel..36

Figure 4-7 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the

TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew perpendicular

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes....37

Figure 4-8 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the

TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew perpendicular

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes........38

Figure 4-9 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the

TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew parallel

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes......40

7

Figure 4-10 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the

TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew parallel to

the current flow between source and drain electrodes..41

Figure 4-11 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the

TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew diagonal

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes.42.

Figure 4-12 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the

TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew diagonal

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes.43

Figure 4-13 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the

TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (60)

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes..45

Figure 4-14 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the

TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew bevel (60)

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes46

Figure 4-15 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the

TIPS-PEN OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (30)

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes47

8

Figure 4-16 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the

TIPS-PEN thin film with the crystal grew bevel (30)

to the current flow between source and drain electrodes......48

Figure 4-17 Histograms of saturation mobility of TIPS-PEN OTFT for

nucleation in channel (5 devices), perpendicular (10 devices),

parallel (10 devices), diagonal (5 devices), bevel 30 (5 devices)

and bevel 60 (5 devices)..52

Figure 4-18 Histograms of on/off current ratio of TIPS-PEN OTFT for

nucleation in channel (5 devices),perpendicular (10 devices),

parallel (10 devices), diagonal (5 devices), bevel 30(5 devices)

and bevel 60(5 devices)...52

9

Table 4.1 Elemental analysis of

6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene...31

Table 4-2 Electrical parameters of TIPS-PEN OTFT....51

Table 4-3 Electrical parameters of TIPS-PEN OTFT55

Table 4-4 Electrical parameters of TIPS-PEN OTFT56

10

1-1

BellBardeenBrattain [1]1947

(transistor)(Figure 1-1)silicon

gallium arsenide()

(Organic Materials)

1970 [2]

(organic thin film transistorOTFT)

[3]

(Figure 1-2)[4]

11

Figure 1-1The first transistor created by Bell Laboratories in 1947 [1].

Figure 1-2 Organic thin film transistor applications on the flexible OLED

Display [4].

1-2

(organic field effect transistor OFET)

(OTFT)

12

(MOSFETmetal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor)

1986 Tsumura

(polythiophene)[3] Garnier

[5] sexithiophene

(a-Si:H) thiophene

(Figure 1-3)

(spin

coating)(inkjet printing)

Figure 1-3 Chemical structure of soluble and insoluble organic

semiconductor materials.

13

2-1 (Organic Thin Film TransistorOTFT)

(FETs)1930Lilienfeld [6]

1947[1]

1986(polythiophene)

[4](Organic Field-effect transistors,

OFETs) Koezuka [7]

(Organic thin-film

transistors, OTFTs)

Si-

-(MOSFET)MOSFET

MOSFET (Active

Area)

(spin-coating)(vacuum deposition)

(electronic paper) (sensor)RFID

(radio frequency identification card)LCD

14

(mobility)(on/off current ratio)

2-2

OTFT Figure 2-1 [8]

(top-gate)(bottom-gate)

(top-contact)

(bottom contact) Figure 2-1 (a) -

(top-gate bottom contact) bipolar junction transistor (BJT)

OTFT (on)(off)

(gate electrode) Figure 2-2n-OTFT

p-OTFT

[9]

15

Figure 2-1 Schematic representations of field-effect transistor architectures,

(a) top-gate bottom-contact, (b) top-gate top-contact, (c) bottom-gate

bottom-contact, and (d) bottom-gate top-contact [8].

Figure 2-2 The operational mechanism of OTFT [9].

16

2-3

(mobilitycm2/Vs)/(on/off current ratio)

/(W/L)

/

W/L10

/

2-3-1 (Mobility)

()(mobility)p

(1) VD () ID VD

(2-1)

2

2D

DTGi

DVVVV

LWCI .(2-1)

ID WL

17

Ci VG VT VD

ID VG gm (transconductance)(2-2)

Di

constVG

Dm VL

WCVIg

D

.(2-2)

ID-VG

(2)VG ID-VG (

constVD

D

GVI

)VG(

constV

G

constVD

D

D

G

V

VI

)(WCi/L)

(3)VD(ID):

22 TG

iD VVL

WCI

.(2-3)

18

TGiD VVLWCI

2/12/1

2

..(2-4)

(ID)1/2VG

2-3-2 (Threshold voltage, VT)

(VG)(

)

(1)ID-VGgm

ID-VGgmVGy = 0

VG = VT + VD/2

(2)(2-3)

(2-4)VG

2-3-3 (Subthreshold slope)

VGVT

19

SS

1

log

D

G

IVSS ..(2-5)

2-3-4 (On/off current ratio)

Ion/Ioff ratio

On current

off current Ion/Ioff

0.1

cm2/Vs 106 Ion/Ioff

2-4

OTFT Figure 2-2 gate

TFT -

(drain) (source-drain) (i.e. ID vs. -VDS)

(2-1) ~

(2-3) (gate)

ID

20

(field-effect mobility)

2-5 (Ci)

capacitance Cfarad

F(F/cm2)

dCi

(2-6)

iC d

(2-7)

Farad/meter

F/m

21

8.854 10-14 F/cm

= 3.9 300 nm:

28514

2 1015.1103

9.310854.8,

cmF

cmcmF

CSiO i

2-6

(polymer)

2001Anthony [11]

pentacene613

-* stacking

2-7 TIPS-PEN

TIPS-PEN6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene

TIPS-PEN

2011

22

Bao [12]4.59

cm2/VsNature2003Kelley [10]

pentacene5 cm2/Vs

(amorphous silicon)

2-8 TIPS-PEN

2001 Anthony [11] TIPS-PEN

TIPS-PEN

(1) 2006Ostroverkhova[13]TIPS-PENTES-PEN

(6,13-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) pentacene)

(Figure 2-3)TIPS-PEN

TES-PENa-b(XY)

(2) 2007Cho[14](flow casting)

TIPS-PEN

mobility 0.3 cm2/Vs

(3) 2011Song[15]

TIPS-PENFigure 2-4

TIPS-PEN

23

mobility 0.53 cm2/Vs

(4) 2011Bao

[12]solution-shearingTIPS-PEN

TIPS-PENFigure 2-5

mobility4.59 cm2/Vs

mobility

Figure 2-3 (a) Molecular structure of TIPS and TES derivatives. (b) Typical

TIPS crystal. Molecular packing in (c) TIPS and (d) TES crystals [14].

24

Figure 2-4 The structure of OTFTs using TIPS-pentacene semiconductor

droplet which was dried under Ar gas injection in a quartz tube [15].

Figure 2-5 (a) Schematic diagram of the solution-shearing method. (b)

Cross-polarized optical microscope images of solution-sheared TIPS-PEN

thin films [12].

25

2-9

TIPS-PENP

TIPS-PEN

(pipette)

TIPS-PEN

TIPS-PEN

AFM

26

3-1

A.

11,4-CyclohexanedioneC6H8O2, 98%, Acros.

2ortho-PhthalaldehydeC8H6O2, 95%, Acros.

3Triisopropylsilyl acetyleneC11H22Si, 98%, Aldrich.

4n-ButyllithiumC4H9Li, in 2.5 M tetrahydrofuran, Aldrich.

5Tin(II) chloride anhydrousSnCl2, 98%, Showa.

6Magnesium Sulfate MgSO4, Anhyd,98%,YAKURI.

B.

1EthanolC2H6O , anhydrous, 99.5%, Aldrich.

2Sodium hydroxide NaOH,99% ,Shmakyu.

3TertrahydrofuranC4H8O, anhydrous, 99.5%, Acros.

4Hydrochloric acid HCl, 32% , Shmakyu.

5DichloromethaneCH2Cl2, HPLC Grade, Echo.

6Acetic acidC2H4O2, HPLC Grade, Echo.

7AcetoneC3H6O, HPLC Grade, Echo.

8n-HexanesC6H14, HPLC Grade, Echo.

27

9AnisoleC7H8O, 99 %, ACROS.

10Isopropyl alcohol C3H8O, 99.9%, Shmakyu.

C.

n-type silicon wafer (0.01-0.02 -cm, -axis, 570 m

thick), ELight Co.

D.

1Hydrofluoric acidHF, Acros.

2Photoresist () , s1813 , Rohm & Haas.

3Developer () ,MF-319, Rohm & Haas.

28

3-2

3-2-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone

Figure 3-1 500 mL4.24g

(0.031mol) o-phthaldehyde 1.76g (0.016mol) 1,4-cyclohexanedione

150 mL ethanol 5 mL 5 % NaOH12

DI-water Ethanol

4.60 g (92%)

Figure 3-1 Synthesis of 6,13-pentacenequinone.

3-2-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene

Figure 3-2

30 mL Tertrahydrofuran

Acetone -78 2.097

mL ( 9.347 mmol ) triisopropylsilyl acetylene 3.739 mL

( 9.347 mmol ) n-butyllithiu -78

1.31 g ( 4.249 mmol)

29

6,13-pentacenequinone 20 mL tetrahydrofuran

-78 18

10% 15 mL HCl 2 CH2Cl2

DI-H2O

50 mL Acetone

1.772 g (9.347 mmol) tin(II) chloride dehydrate 50% acetic acid (15

mL)

24

HexaneHexanesilica gel

0.78 g (28.7%)

Si 1. n-ButylLithium

2.THF , -78 , 2 hr +O

O

RT,18 h

rSi

Si

Si

Si

HO

HO

+ SnCl2RT,24 hr

Figure 3-2 Synthesis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene

30

3-2-3 OTFT :(Bottom-cotact)

A.

(1) 4 n-type 570 m 0.01-0.02

-cm

(2) 1050 (wet oxidation)

3000 SiO2 Ellipsometer

(Rudolph Roseach/Auto EI)

B.

(1) Acetone Isopropyl alcohol

Hot-plate

(2) 2000 30

(3) 2/3

(4) HF DI-water HF

Acetone

Hot-plate

31

C.

(1) Hot plate

(2)

(3) uniformity 6

(4)

(5)

(6) DI-water

(7)

D.

(1)

(2)

(3) target holder

chamber

(4) 2 10-5 torr

(5) 100 mA 120

(6) 150 mA 120

32

(7)

(8) 100 mA 70

(9) 150 mA 70

(10)

E.

(1) Acetone

(2)

channel

(4) channel

(5) Acetone

(6)

(7)

(8)

F.

(drop-coating) 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)

pentacene (channel)

33

Figure 3-3

Figure 3-3 Architecture of TIPS-PEN OTFT: (a) sidelong glance and (b)

overlook.

34

3-2-4

Anisole (bp = 154 )1 wt%TIPS-PEN

(drop-coating)

1(nucleation)

(Pipette) 0.5 LTIPS-PEN

(1) (channel)

(2) channel(channel)

channel channel

Figure 3-4

channel

pipette

Figure 3-4 Fabrication process of TIPS thin film deposited on the substrate.

35

2(drop-coating)

(Pipette)(0.5 L, 1.0 L, 1.5L

2.0 L)TIPS-PEN

100Hot plate 20 min

3-3

1(Infrared spectrometerFT-IR)

Jasco FT-300E

KBr

2(Nuclear Meganetic Resonance spectrometer

NMR)

Bruker AV-500 MHz d-chloroform

5mm NMR tube 3cm

36

3

Hewlett Packard 4155ATIPS-PEN

OTFT-(I-V curve)

0 V-40

V10 V(VDS)0 V-50 V2.5 V

IDVDS

10 V-50 V1 VID

ID1/2Log(-ID);VG ID1/2

VG Log(-ID)

4

Digital instruments Multimode Nanoscope III instrument

2D3D

(Figure 3-5)

(vander Waals force)

AFM(Figure 3-6)AFM

37

Figure 3-5 A plot of potential energy versus internuclear distance for the

Interaction between two atoms.

Figure 3-6 Schematic assembly of an AFM.

38

4-1 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene

6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene pentacnene

IR (Figure 4.1) 2150 cm-1

CC peak 1530~1740 cm-1 C=C peak 1020~1070cm-1

Si-C peak TIPS-pentacene 6,13-pentacenequinone CO

C triisopropylsilyl acetylene 1700 cm-1

CO peak 2150 cm-1 CC peak

(1H-NMR)

6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene 1H-NMR (Figure 4.2)

= 7.2 ppm CDCl3 = 7.4 ppm 9.3 ppm

H

= 1.4 ppm H = 7.4

ppm = 7.7 ppm 9.3 ppm 1 = 1.4 ppm

1.5 9 1111.59 4 444

636

39

Figure 4.1 IR Spectrum of 6,13 -bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene.

Figure 4.2 1H-NMR spectra of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene.

40

EA (Table 4.1) C

H EA C H

CH 1%

(4-1)

Table 4.1 Elemental analysis of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene.

Theoretical Experimental Error

C% H% C% H% C% H%

TIPS-PEN 82.74 8.45 82.68 8.534 0.07% 0.99%

41

4-2

(drop-casting)

Figure 4-3

(nucleation)

pipette

TIPS-PEN (perpendicular)

(parallel) (45, diagonal) (60, bevel) (30,

bevel) (source electrode) (drain

electrode)

Figure 4-4 (a)(f) channel

60 30 (a) channel

TIPS-PEN

channel channel

(b) channel channel

(c) channel chanmel

(d)(f) channel channel

4560 30

42

Figure 4-3 A drying process of TIPS-PEN solution on deposition.

Figure 4-4 Optical microscopic images of TIPS-PEN deposited with (a) the

nucleus in channel and the crystal grew (b) parallel, (c) perpendicular, (d)

diagonal, (e) bevel-60, and (f) bevel-30 to the current flow between source

and drain electrodes.

(a) (d)

(b) (e)

(c) (f)

43

Figure 4-4 (a) channel

mobility 5.57

10-2 ~ 1.79 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.15 105 ~ 3.13 103

VT 3.1 ~ -9.4 V Figure 4-5

mobility 5.70 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.15 105VT

3.1V AFM 2D 3D (Figure 4-6) TIPS-PEN

100 nm

channel Figure 4-4

(b) channel TIPS-PEN

mobility 6.22 10-2 ~ 1.49 10-3 cm2/Vson/off current

ratio 5.42 105 ~ 8.39 103VT 9.0 ~ -6.7 V

Figure 4-7 mobility 5.70 10-2

cm2/Vson/off current ratio 9.23 104VT-3.6 V AFM 2D

3D (Figure 4-8) TIPS-PEN

44

Figure 4-5 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN OTFT

with the nucleation in the channel.

45

Figure 4-6 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrograph images of the

TIPS-PEN thin film with the nucleation in the channel.

46

Figure 4-7 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN OTFT

with the crystal grew perpendicular to the current flow between source and

drain electrodes.

47

Figure 4-8 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN

thin film with the crystal grew perpendicular to the current flow between

source and drain electrodes.

48

channel Figure 4-4(c)

TIPS-PEN channel

mobility 1.03 10-1 ~ 5.11 10-3 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.96

107 ~ 6.27 103VT-2.6 ~ -9.8 V mobility Figure

4-9 mobility 1.03 10-1 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1. 85

105VT-2.8 VAFM 2D 3D(Figure 4-10)TIPS-PEN

(45) Figure

4-4(d) TIPS-PEN

mobility 1.16 10-2 ~ 2.69 10-3

cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.89 103 ~ 6.60 102VT-3.0 ~ -12.1

V Figure 4-11 mobility

3.29 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current ratio 1.00 105VT-3.0 V

AFM 2D 3D (Figure 4-12) channel TIPS-PEN

49

Figure 4-9 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN OTFT

with the crystal grew parallel to the current flow between source and drain

electrodes.

50

Figure 4-10 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN

thin film with the crystal grew parallel to the current flow between source

and drain electrodes.

51

Figure 4-11 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN

OTFT with the crystal grew diagonal to the current flow between source and

drain electrodes.

52

Figure 4-12 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN

thin film with the crystal grew diagonal to the current flow between source

and drain electrodes.

53

channel (30)

60 Figure 4-4(e) TIPS-PEN

60

mobility 5.45 10-2 ~ 3.68 10-2 cm2/Vson/off current

ratio 8.68 104 ~ 1.83 104VT-10.8 ~ -19.0 V mobility

Figure 4-13 mobility 5.45 10-2 cm2/Vson/off

current ratio 6.63 104VT-19.0 V AFM 2D 3D (Figure

4-14) TIPS-PEN

channel

(60) 30 Figure 4-4(f)

TIPS-PEN

30 mobility 9.84 10-3 ~ 1.18 10-3 cm2/Vs

on/off current ratio 9.31 104 ~ 8.32 103VT-10.5 ~ -14.5 V

mobility Figure 4-15 mobility 9.84 10-3

cm2/Vson/off current ratio 9. 31 104VT-14.5 V AFM

2D 3D (Figure 4-16) TIPS-PEN

54

Figure 4-13 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN

OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (60) to the current flow between source

and drain electrodes.

55

Figure 4-14 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN

thin film with the crystal grew bevel (60) to the current flow between

source and drain electrodes.

56

Figure 4-15 (a) Transfer and (b) output characteristics of the TIPS-PEN

OTFT with the crystal grew bevel (30) to the current flow between source

and drain electrodes.

57

Figure 4-16 (a) 2D and (b) 3D atomic force micrographs of the TIPS-PEN

thin film with the crystal grew bevel (30) to the current flow between

source and drain electrodes.

58

Table 4-2

mobility on/off current

ratio

on/off current ratio

channel

TIPS-PEN

60 mobility

channel

mobility

Figure 4-17

mobility

mobility

channel mobility

mobility channel

Figure 4-18

on/off current ratio

59

106 5 102 on/off current

ratio 1.96 107 on/off current ratio 106

on/off current ratio

channel

mobility on/off current ratio

channel

channel TIPS-PEN

channel

channel

channel

mobility on/off current ratio

60

61

Figure 4-17 Histograms of saturation mobility of TIPS-PEN OTFT for nucleation

in channel (5 devices), perpendicular (10 devices), parallel (10 devices), diagonal

(5 devices), bevel of 30 (5 devices) and bevel of 60 (5 devices).

Figure 4-18 Histograms of on/off current ratio of TIPS-PEN OTFT for nucleation

in channel (5 devices),perpendicular (10 devices), parallel (10 devices), diagonal

(5 devices), bevel of 30(5 devices), and bevel of 60(5 devices).

62

4-3

TIPS-PEN1.0L1.5 L 2.0L

Table 4-3

Table 4-4

1.5 L

mobility Vt0.5 1.5 L mobility

on/off current ratio Vt

mobility channel TIPS-PEN

channel

hot-place

on/off current ratio off

current

1.0 L

mobility 1.5 L on/off current ratio

63

1.01.5 L

mobilitychannelTIPS-PEN

64

65

66

1 n-Butyllithium 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene

28.7%

2 TIPS-PEN

3

0.5 L

mobility on/off current ratio

1.03 10-1 cm2/Vs1. 85 105 5.70 10-2

cm2/Vs9.23 104

4

channel

channel

mobility on/off current ratio

5

channel

mobility on/off current ratio

67

channel

channelTIPS-PEN

channel

6

1.5 L

mobility 1.57 10-1 cm2/Vs

1.5 L on/off current ratio 1.25 106

7 TIPS-PEN

1.0 1.5 L mobility on/off current ratio

channel

hot-place

8 1.0 1.5 L mobility on/off current

ratio Vt

68

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