8112Jonassen(1996)(mindtools)(cognitive tools)

3

Learn with technologyLearn from technology(learn with technology)(learn from technology)3(Intellectual partner)(Jonassen, 1996)45Jonassen(1996)(Database management systems)(Spreadsheets)(Visualization tools)(Micro worlds or simulation software)(Semantic Networks)(Expert Systems)

6-7BinWineProducerYearBottleReady2ChardonnayBuena Vista831853ChardonnayLouis Martini812844Jo. RieslingSattu8218312Cab. SauvignonRobt. Mondavi77128716Pinot NoirMirassou77385-(case-based reasoning)8-9

-10-11

-12

-(Jonassen, 1996)13-(Self-regulated learning)14-()()15

1617 18

1819

(Hwang & Tseng19902006)

19G. A. Kelly (1955)(Repertory Grid)2020215131151222113122243212333212232215123221411253121211121121121221444125151425211223235215523Chu, H. C., Hwang, G. J., & Tsai, C. C. (2010). A knowledge engineering approach to developing mindtools for context-aware ubiquitous learning.Computers & Education, 54(1), 289-297.(Elements)(Constructs) (2005)21(Elements)22(Constructs)()2324511122442255131122244122526Irene (1998)(2002)271998Chu, HwangTsai (2010) 2829

1233.23.1PDA) 293031

Hwang, G. J., Chu, H. C., Lin, Y. S., & Tsai, C. C. (2011). A knowledge acquisition approach to developing mindtools for organizing and sharing differentiating knowledge in a ubiquitous learning environment.Computers & Education, 57,1368-1377.Hwang, Chu, LinTsai (2011)3132

PAD

32

33

Hwang, Chu, LinTsai (2011)3334 (1998)(1997)35(concept mapping) (Novak & Gowin, 1984; Novak & Musonds, 1991)(Horton et al., 1993; Trent, Pernell, Mungai, & Chimedza, 1998)36(super ordinate learning)(integration reconciliation)(progressive differentiation)(meaningful learning)37-38NovakGowin(1984)(concept map)(concept maps)(concept mapping)3940

(concepts)(nodes)(links)(relationships)(proposition)

40(Boyle & Weishaar, 1997; McCagg &Dansereau, 1991)(scaffolding) (Novak & Caas, 2006)41(Roth & Roychoudhury, 1994)(Chang, Sung, Chang & Lin, 2005)

4242 (Anderson-Inman & Ditson, 1999; Fischer, Bruhn, Grasel, & Mandl, 2002)(Novak & Gowin, 1984; Okebukola & Jegede, 1988; Roth & Roychoudhury, 1994)KwonCifuentes(2009)KaoLin Sun(2008a, 2008b)43Hughes Hay(2001)Hwang(2003)(Conceptual map)44(computer-assisted concept map)(Anderson-Inman & Ditson, 1999; Royer & Royer, 2004)Novak & Caas 2006CmapTools(2006)4546

CmapTools 90 CmapTools CmapServers46-CmapTools 47

http://cmap.ihmc.us/download/CmapTools clientIHCM CmapTools(http://cmap.ihmc.us/download/)ServerNovakIHCM47-CmapTools 48

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