臺灣學界對非裔美國人的研究討論 by 蔡米虹

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臺灣學界對非裔美國人的研究討論 蔡米虹 * 摘要 臺灣長期深受美國學界影響,美國史研究盛行一時,但是在追隨美國 學界腳步的同時,臺灣歷史學界對於美國史研究的成果有多少,特別是美 國歷史中重要的黑人研究的議題。由此,本文希冀從歷史學研究的角度觀 察,回顧臺灣學界對非裔美國人研究的成果,藉此探索與檢討此領域的發 展趨勢與特色,展望未來的可能發展。首先,本文將從二個面向觀看臺灣 歷史學界對美國史研究的概況,一是興起與帶領美國史研究發展的主要專 業研究機構及其出版的學術期刊;一是從學校的教育訓練成果表現,即以 歷史學研究所與美國研究所的為討論對象。藉由臺灣學術界對美國史研究 的發展進一步分析非裔美國人研究的成果。在此分析的資料主要有學者的 研究著作成果,與學校的學位論文。本文第三部份,由前述的非裔美國人 研究的成果展現,歸納分析臺灣的非裔美國人研究成果的特色與問題所 在。特別是研究的議題傾向與趨勢發展的表現。最後,整體性地檢討非裔 美國人研究在臺灣學界發展的局限與問題。 關鍵詞:臺灣、非裔美國史研究、非裔美國人、美國研究、美國黑人史研究 * 玄奘大學歷史學系助理教授 臺灣師大歷史學報 42 2009 12 月,頁 367-398

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    42 2009 12 367-398

  • - 368 - 42

    2008

    Barack Hussein Obama II, 1961-1

    11 5

    1960

    Black Studies

    1

    American Studies231972.9231-25041/21974.3-61-20

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    2

    34

    2

    19901990http://www.ea.sinica.edu.tw/publish_01.phphttp://www.ea.sinica.edu.tw/publish_02.php2008/10/11

    3

    4 588613126378083 from: http://www.ea.sinica.edu.tw/intro_01.php#intor_01 (2008/09/21)

  • - 370 - 42

    5

    19 1971, 3-1991, 6 10

    9 5 Toni Morrison, 1931-6

    1970 4 3 1 1980 5 3 1 1 1990 32 1 2000 7 5 5

    2006271-330

    6 2006123642006.12515-520

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    2 7

    10 4 5 1

    9 3 19922001 2009

    4 4 11 5

    7

    121971.688

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    4 8

    1920 9

    The Abolition Movement and the American DreamQuakers

    8

    151971.86-1431973.41-161391974.124-32Gilbert H. Barnes11974.5189-2031979.12541-570The Abolition Movement and the American Dream, Proceedings of the Conference on the Comparative Study of the Chinese and the American Dream (Taipei: Institute of American Culture , Academia Sinica, 1980, pp.79-89.The Antislavery Thought of Lincoln, Bulletin of the Department of historyTaipei: National Taiwan University, Dec. 1990, pp. 333-348.1970

    9 James Ford Rhodes, 1848-1927Albert Bushnell Hart, 1854-1943Jesse Macy, 1842-19191920311973.31720-28

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    10

    Means and Ends in American Abolitionism: Garrison and His Critics on Strategy and Tactics, 1834-1850. By Aileen S. Kraditor

    1960 1960

    11 American Civil War Historiography: From Sectionalism, Slavery, to

    10

    1121981.62

    11 21990.12135-170

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    Secession12

    The Status of Slave Women in the Antebellum South13

    1860-186514

    4 15 Taming Slaves: Criminal Assaults and Slaves Psychology in the North Carolina Courts

    12 American Civil War Historiography: From Sectionalism, Slavery, to

    Secession2007518-19

    13 The Status of Slave Women in the Antebellum South11991.2341-352

    14 1860-186551999.12201-218

    15 61996.6149-160

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    16

    assimilation theory social status

    Convergent Trends in Black-White Verbal Test-Score Differentials in the U.S.: Period and Cohort Perspectives

    Mary McLeod Bethune1904-19231718

    Mary Church Terrell, 1863-1954

    16

    71997.6135-156 17 Mary McLeod Bethune1904-1923

    1998516-17

    18 1924-19281711996.343-89

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    19

    11 5 6

    1

    Uncle Toms Cabin 20Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811-1896

    William Cuthbert Falkner, 1897-1962 19 1890-

    19301997119

    20 Uncle Toms Cabin531991128-142

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    The Embryonic Image of Faulkers Negro: SartorisSartoris

    21

    In Search of Black Identity: Claude McKays Home to HarlemClaude McKay, 1889-1948Home to 21

    Faulkners ambivalence1341983.1259

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    Harlem, 1928 1920

    Reading James Baldwins Autobiographical WritingsJames Arthur Baldwin, 1924-198722

    Houston A. Baker, Jr., 1943-

    22 James Baldwin, James Baldwin: a

    collection of critical essays (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974); Louis H. Pratt, James Baldwin (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978); Harold Bloom, ed., James Baldwin (New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986); Fred L. Standley, Nancy V. Burt, eds., Critical essays on James Baldwin (Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1988); David Adams Leeming, James Baldwin: a biography (New York : Knopf, 1994); D. Quentin Miller, Re-viewing James Baldwin: things not seen (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000).

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    1970 2009 27 1970

    2 1980 4 1990 6 2000 15 2

    5 19 2324 27 4

    3 1976

    2

    23

    24 1950-1995211997313-3141945-2000302008215-256312009199-258

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    021960 1960 1960

    11 20

    1920 1940

    1960

    5 3 01 1965

    1960 1980 03 1960

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    80

    08 1984

    Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr., 1941-

    2 05 20

    Affirmative action

    20

    04

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    06/ 19

    23 17

    Booker Taliaferro Washington, 1856-1915Tuskegee Normal and Industrial InstituteTuskegee University

    80 07

    1960 1980

    10 1970

    80 09 1980

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    24

    Martin Luther King, 1929-1968 13

    X 14 1516 18

    22 X

    60 12 1970

    1960

  • - 384 - 42

    21 1992

    Thomas Jeffersons Missouri Controversy: Generational Sovereignty and Slavery 25

    26George Fitzhugh, 1806-1881

    1942-194526

    X

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    1970-2009 19 1970 4 1980 5 1990 3 2000 7 1970

    27

    1970 2 1980 4 1990 6 2000 15 1980

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    4 2 6

    4 1

    4 20 25

    261970

    25 Maurice D. Van Arsdol, Jr.

    223199267-97 26

    2005.6

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    27

    5

    11 5

    6

    28 27 28 Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-

    1896)Uncle Tom's cabin, 1852 Life Among the Lowly Alexander Murray Palmer Haley (1921-1992)Roots: The Saga of an American Family, 1976Alice Walker (1944-)The Color Purple, 1982Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell Marsh (1900-1949)Margaret MitchellGone with the Wind, 1936August Wilson (1945-2005)Fences, 1983William Cuthbert Falkner, 1897-1962200612Toni MorrisonNobel

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    29

    30

    Prize for literature 29

    2006271-330

    30 199785

  • - 389 -

    1970 1972John R. Moore

    31 1974 32 1970

    2010

    85851997412-13

    31 231972.9361 32 431974.91-5

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    1970 33

    1971

    33 231972.9362

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    01 1971, 09

    242-246

    1

    02 1973, 03

    15-42 2

    03 1974, 09

    The Embryonic Image of Faulkers Negro: Sartoris

    7-26 1 1974 11

    04 1978, 09

    The Abolition Movement and the American Dream

    1-19 3

    05 1981, 06

    1-38 4

    06 1983, 12

    31-56 2

    07 1983, 12

    57-78 3

    08 1983, 12

    Reading James Baldwins Autobiographical Writings

    79-94 4

    09 1986, 06

    Taming Slaves: Criminal Assaults and Slaves Psychology in the North Carolina Courts

    1-25 1

    10 1991, 03

    103-122

    5

  • - 393 -

    In Search of Black Identity: Claude McKays Home to Harlem

    1991 9

    11 1992, 03

    75-93 6

    12 1992, 09

    Maurice D. Van Arsdol,

    Jr.

    67-97 2

    13 2001, 06

    Convergent Trends in Black-White Verbal Test-Score Differentials in the U.S.: Period and Cohort Perspectives

    185-230

    3

    14 2006, 12

    521-549

    7

    15 2006, 12

    551-590

    8

    16 2006, 12

    591-612

    9

    17 2006, 12

    613-649

    10

    18 2006, 12

    L Love

    651-675

    11

    19 2009, 09

    ~

    489-532

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    10 83

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    12 87

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    13 89 Martin Luther

    King, 1929-1968

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    14 89 X

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    15 89

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    16 91 (Malcolm X)

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    17 92

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    Thomas Jeffersons Missouri Controversy: Generational Sovereignty and Slavery

    26 97

    /

    27 98 1942-1945

    /

  • - 397 -

    Studies on African-Americans in Taiwan

    Tsai Mi-Hung

    Abstract Taiwan has been a loyal follower of the United States almost in every

    respect after 1949. The American Studies in Taiwan was once a hot area for some time and is still an important field that attracts much academic attention. This paper will review and analyze some significant Taiwanese contributions, trying to show the academic trends in them, especially in the Black Studies, and to explore the characteristics of those works. I will first examine the rise of American Studies on this island; my focus is on the development and the contribution of two major kinds of Taiwan institutionsAcademia Sinica (American Cultural Studies and Euro-American Studies) and universities (Institute for History and Institute for American Studies). Some important publications, including journals and books, will also be examined. In the second part of this paper, I will narrow down my discussion to Black Studies. Some researches to be examined include theses and dissertations, and the ways of acquiring materials by scholars will also be discussed. Following this, the third section in my paper will analyze the characteristics of Taiwans African-American Studies and the problems facing Taiwan research, especially in topic selection. I will conclude with a discussion on the limitations on Taiwans American Black Studies.

    Key words: Taiwan, Historical Studies on African Americans, African Americans, American Studies, Black American Studies

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