生物组学:不再钓鱼,而是捞鱼 -...
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History of Life Science
Human Genome ProjectHGP
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History of Life Science
1942-46
(1961-69)
(1990-2003)
20
HGP
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History of Life Science
1961
(Human Genome ProjectHGP)
HGP
10
1.
2.
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History of Life Science
1984.12
DNA
1986.3 DulbeccoScience :
(DOE)
1987 NIH
550
1989 Watson
1990.10
James Watson Walter Gilbert
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History of Life Science
HGP
Robert Sinsheimer convened the meeting which might be the first one that seriously
considered sequencing the human genome.
R. Sinsheimer
Charles DeLisi, then Director of Health and
Environmental Research at DOE, endorsed the
initiative and began to fund in 1987.
Santa CruzCalifornia,1985
(Robert Sinsheimer)
Charles DeLisi
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History of Life Science
Renato Dulbecco
Turning point
of cancer research
- Sequencing
the whole genome
(Science, March 7, 1986)
:
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HGPDNA
James Watson ,1990,Science
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15(19902005)30DNA
10
4
DNA
HGP
HGP
HGP
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1995 (H. inf) 1996
Haemophilus influenza
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Caenorhabditis elegans
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History of Life Science
1997 (E. coli) 1998 1999.5
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2000 Celera 2000.6.26 Celera 2001.2.15 Nature 2001.2.16 ScienceCelera
Drosophila melanogaster
Arabidopsis thaliana
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2001215Nature 2001216Science
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2000626 10
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President lauds new map of human life
[ Xinhua 06/29/2000 Beijing ] In a speech yesterday in BeijingPresident Jiang Zemin applauded the recent completion of the first working draft of the human genome map. Jiang called the
Human Genome Project a great scientific project in the scientific history of human beings and one of vital
importance to the development of life sciencesmedicine and pharmaceutical study. The completion of the working draft is a milestone in the overall process of the Human Genome Project, said Jiang, adding that it
results from teamwork by scientists all over the world. The human genome sequence is the common heritage
of mankind and should bring wealth and benefit to all human beings, Jiang said. Jiang congratulated the
scientists and technical staff involved and thanked the participating Chinese scientists for their hard work.
Jiang said he expects Chinese scientists to make further contributions to the completion of human genome
mapping and Chinas scientific genome research as well.
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History of Life Science
International
HapMap Consortium
29 Oct. 2002
International
HGP Consortium
10 May 2002
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International
HapMap
Consortium
Oct. 26, 2005 Salt Lake City
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2001826 2002 2003414 6
200410
NATURE |VOL 431 | 21 OCTOBER 2004 |www.nature.com/nature
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1.
2.
3.
198921/3
199063
19907
19957
199991
HGP
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5.
The Sun, the Genome, and the Internet
Tools of Scientific Revolution
Freeman Dyson
4.
1998Craig VenterCelera
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HGP
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genome DNARNA DNA DNA (base pairbp)103kb106Mb
(genome)?
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DNA
X
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DNA
C
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106(G. Rubin) 56 7 8 14 43
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2000,2003J. Watson
Bets 165
Mean 61,710
Lowest 25,947
Highest 153,478
Last Genes weep Votes Vote distribution
The gene champ, Lee Rowen, who directs a sequencing project at the Institute for
Systems Biology in Seattle, Washington - beat 460 other hopefuls to take home part of
the cash pot. Rowen's wager at 25,947 is closest to the current reckoning in a genetic
database called Ensembl, of 24,847. Like all good gamblers, her number was "a stab";
one runner-up picked 27,462 because the 27 April, 1962 was his birthday.
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32
Single molecule
sequencing
1942-46
(1961-69)
(1990-2003)
NGS
(next generation sequncing)
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Sanger
33
ABI 3730XL
Frederick Sanger Sanger(1977)
Sanger
1972. Herbert Boyer II (RE-II)
1975. F.Sanger ,
1977. Maxam Gilbert
1977. F. Sanger ddNTP
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34
Roche 454
Jonathan M.Rothberg
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35
Illumina solexa
1 2 3 7 8 9 4 5 6
T G C T A C G A T
David Bentley
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36
ABI SOliD
54
3151~2 -16 3~5n6~8
z
45 ABI(Apply Biosystems)
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37
Roche/454 FLX+ Illumina/Hiseq2000 ABI/SolidSiD
700-1000M 600G 300G
700-1000bp 2100bp 250bp
23h 10days 10days
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()
38
ABI Ion Torrent Illumina Miseq Roche Junior
Ion Torrent Miseq Junior
200 2250 400
reads 0.5M 32M 100K
100M 8.0G 35M
2h 39h 10h
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H+
39
Personal Genome
Machine
ABI/ Ion Torrent
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Ion Proton
(Life Technologies)
2
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41
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Complete Genomics
42
Clifford Reid Radoje Drmanac John Curson
2006
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HeliScos Biosciences
43
Stephen Quake
IlluminaDNARNA21-35 GB35 bp
HeliScope
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Pacific Biosciences
44
PacBio RS5000-7000bp
PacBio RS
Pacific Biosciences
Steven Turner Jonas Korlach
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Oxford Nanopore
Clive Brown
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46
(%)
(kb)
(Mb)
($/kb)
ABi Sanger 98.50 0.8 5.5 ~0.5
454/Roche >99.50 0.7 340.0 ~0.02
Illumina 99.90 0.1 50,000.0 ~0.0005
SOLiD 99.94 0.05 170,000.0 ~0.0005
Complete Genomics >99.00 0.035 200,000.0 ~0.0005
Ion torrent, proton N/A 0.2 5580.0 ~0.0005
Helicos 99.70 0.035 50,000.0 0.0005
Pacific Biosciences 99.30 3-10 108.0 N/A (85%)
Life Technologies N/A >1 25,000.0 N/A
Oxford Nanopore 99.80 >1 N/A
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99.99%.
1/
!
$1000/
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20072500
2009.6.21
Complete Genomics: 20105000
10,000(http://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing)
Wellcome Trust10,000 (http://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing)
1.
2000
http://www.genomeweb.com/sequencinghttp://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing
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PLoS Biology
http://images.google.cn/imgres?imgurl=http://www.poptech.org/images/speakers/speaker232_large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.poptech.org/external/speakers.cfm%3Fpage%3Dspeaker_detail%26id%3D232&h=641&w=534&sz=256&hl=zh-CN&start=1&um=1&tbnid=_HUwTMgTAPAF2M:&tbnh=137&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCraig%2B%2BVenter%26um%3D1%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26newwindow%3D1%26sa%3DG
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http://www.genomeweb.c
om/blog/different-kind-
celebrity-genomics
http://scienceblogs.com/geneticfutu
re/2010/03/celebrity_genomics_with
out_the.php http://biotechniques.com/news/First-named-female-genome-sequenced/biotechniques-
204525.html?utm_source=BioTechniques+Newsletters+%26+e-
Alerts&utm_campaign=f2f1fda4c4-
BioTechniques_Daily&utm_medium=email
Actress Glenn Close
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History of Life Science
http://showbiz.sky.com/ozzy-osbournes-secret-to-living
Ozzy Osbourne
Ozzy Osbourne has lived a reckless life, to say the least. With years of boozing and drugs it's amazing his body has coped with it all. Which is exactly what scientists think. They are so intrigued by the Black Sabbath singer that they are going to map his genetic code to find out how he is still alive after decades of abusing his body. It's hoped the results from the 27,000 test will provide information on how drugs are absorbed in the body. Even Ozzy is a bit baffled as to how he has lived so long given that he's spent 40 years
on a "bender". At one point he admitted drinking four bottles of cognac a day: "blacking out, coming to again and carrying on". It was so bad that he even tried to strangle his wife Sharon. But despite this they are still married and the 61-year-old claims he no longer smokes or drinks. US company Knome, will use a blood sample to map Ozzy's genome. The director of research, Nathan Pearson, said: "Sequencing and analysing individuals with extreme medical histories provides the greatest potential scientific value." The results will hopefully help scientists understand why the bodies of hard-living rockers such as Ozzy are able to take more substance abuse than the average person.
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Here we present the complete genome sequences of an indigenous hunter-
gatherer from the Kalahari Desert and a Bantu from southern Africa, as well
as protein-coding regions from an additional three hunter-gatherers from
disparate regions of the Kalahari. We characterize the extent of whole-
genome and exome diversity among the five men, reporting 1.3 million
novel DNA differences genome-wide, including 13,146 novel amino acid
variants. In terms of nucleotide substitutions, the Bushmen seem to be, on
average, more different from each other than, for example, a European and
an Asian. Observed genomic differences between the hunter-gatherers and
others may help to pinpoint genetic adaptations to an agricultural lifestyle.
Adding the described variants to current databases will facilitate inclusion
of southern Africans in medical research efforts, particularly when family
and medical histories can be correlated with genome-wide data.
Stephan C. Schuster et al.
Nature News
Africa yields two full human genomes
Sequences show rich diversity among the
population. Nature 463, 857 (2010)
Archbishop Desmond Tutus
genome was chosen to represent
the Bantu peoples of southern Africa.
Tutu
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April 16, 2010
Mark Henderson, Science Editor
Family become first to have DNA sequenced
for non-medical reasons
John and Judy West flank Paul and Anne on Holiday
A family of four has become the
first in which every members
genome has been sequenced
for non-medical reasons,
opening a debate about the
ethics of analysing the DNA of
minors.
John and Judy West, both 53,
and their children, Anne, 17,
and Paul, 14, paid almost
$200,000 (130,000) to have
their entire genetic code read
by the sequencing company
Illumina.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/g
enetics/article7100159.ece
2010.4.16134
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(ICGC) 5025 Huntingtons disease.
2.
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972-974
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Scientists diagnose genetic disorder by sequencing patients genome,
10/23/2009, Erin Podolak
Physicians in Turkey initially suspected that the infant had
Barters syndrome, which affects kidney function. However, after
Liftons team sequenced DNA from blood samples taken from the
patient, they were able to identify a genetic mutation affecting
electrolyte transport in the intestines that is known to cause
congentical chloride diarrhea.
Barter
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History of Life Science Science, 2009, 326: 794 795.
3.
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http://images.google.cn/imgres?imgurl=http://www.51sleep.com/h/uploadfile/200807/20080712101518869.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.51sleep.com/h/2/86260-17.shtml&usg=__lTU2Y-eqpVippVkPyymklS9F-0M=&h=262&w=340&sz=17&hl=zh-CN&start=10&tbnid=o3oXAElTKAXULM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25E8%259A%2595%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26sa%3DG%26newwindow%3D1
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Danish tumbler pigeon
Science 2013339 61231063-1067 DOI: 10.1126/science.1230422
350 1Danish tumbler de novo 403828-20
Columba livia
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/2013429
classification all scaffolds or contigs complete
eukaryotes 3113 997 190
prokaryotes 1998 10820 2682
viruses 3654 3516 3515
amimals 992 317 67
birds 32 11 3
7307
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3001, 5001500
1741995Hammond 150
1998Robert M.May
4 4
4 4
27 27
7 7
132 (108)
4.5
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*
*
DNA
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Genomics
RNomics
1990
1994
1998
2000
Metabolomics
Proteomics
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DNA
mRNA
/
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(Systems Biology)
mRNA
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1-
1mRNA
;
2;
3;
4
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1 2 3 n
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2-
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3-
Perturbation)
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Lets explore the secrets within life
Lets enjoy the beauty of life sciences
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History of Life Science
2000