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Chapter 1

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DC

IRI2R

PVIV

I t

V

0

= NfKV 2

DCAC

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-

repairing the rotor in a 200MW generator stator winding of a hydro generator

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installing the rotor in a hydro generator

inside a 660MW generator

-

-

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[1] Electric Utility Systems Practice, 4th ed., [2] Power System Analysis and Design

[2]

DC1882110V(Pearl Street Station in New York City. By Thomas Edison), (1)

(William Stanley, 1885)

Induction Motor & Synchronous motor (Nikola Tesla, 1888)DC

ac1889(Oregon)4kV21 km()

3--189112kV179 Km

First 3ac transmission line in USA (California ), 12Km, 2.3 kV

HVDC 400 kV (1970) DCacpower500Km

HVDC

HVDC:

ac

HVDC:

-

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()

ac

50Hz60Hz(25,50,60,133Hz)5060Hz60Hz50Hz()60Hz50Hz50Hz60Hz

DCACHVDC

Ia

Ic

Ib

Ia+Ib+Ic

Ia

Ib

Ic

60Hz50Hz

?

)3

2sin(

)3

2sin(

)sin(

=++

+=

=

=

cgbgag

cg

bg

ag

VVV

tV

tV

tV

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What is a Power System?

Generator GeneratorLoad

Load

Generator

4115--765KV:69-138KV4-34.5KV

32DC3

dcdcslip ring(blushless)30KV50MW1500MW

prime mover hydraulic turbine, steam turbines(), gas turbine(), internal combustion engine()bus

60KV

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60KV69KV115KV138KV161KV230KV345KV500KV765KV()230KVEHV (Extra-High Voltage)(High-Voltage substation or receiving substation, or primary substation)

switching station69138KV

(Consumers service-entrance equipment)

4~34.5KV240/120V()3200Y/120V34or 480Y/277V4

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Load factorDaily L.F.=

Annual L.F=

utilization factor=

plant factor=

24load pead24hr during comsumedenergy

loadpeak load average

=

8760hrloadpeak energy annual total

capacity installed demand maximum

8760hrcapacityplant generationenergy annual

/

switchgear ()Switchgear(circuit Breaker)disconnect switchfuseslightning arrester

SCADA(supervisory control & data acquisition)on-line computeroperator (dispatcher)

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345kV

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345kV

161kV

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69kV

69/11kV, 25 MVA

69kV

11kV

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11kV 11kV

11kV 11kV

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11kV

()

() Coal (oil) Thermal power plant()(Gas)(Nuclear)(Nuclear Power Plant)

()

()(biomass)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

power

()powerpower

power?brain power. !Its power is so strong that you never know what will happen to you and human beings. Keep developing your brain power! Never stop!

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()

()

685 2,256 148 0 110 0 611 3,810 73

(18.0) (59.2) (3.9) ( - ) (2.9) (0.0) (16.0) (100.0)

1,275 2,981 141 0 166 0 702 5,265 78

(24.2) (56.6) (2.7) ( - ) (3.2) (0.0) (13.3) (100.0)

1,949 3,858 90 320 221 0 866 7,303 83

(26.7) (52.8) (1.2) (4.4) (3.0) (0.0) (11.9) (100.0)

2,959 5,092 85 576 222 0 954 9,888 88

(29.9) (51.5) (0.9) (5.8) (2.2) (0.0) (9.7) (100.0)

4,354 6,842 77 990 163 0 981 13,406 93

(32.5) (51.0) (0.6) (7.4) (1.2) (0.0) (7.3) (100.0)

40www.nsc.gov.tw/sci/hotnews/2004spring8.htm)

133843146629,8422303956415%1.5

20060.162015322002025100

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()

()

(North American Power System Interconnection )2

1. FERC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission a. Price of whole sale electricity b. Service itemsc. Conditions

2. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) business structure of electric utility

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North American Power System Interconnection power pools ()NERCNorth American Electric Reliability Council (Privately Regulated organization)

NERC 4a. Electric Reliability Council of Texas, ERCOTb. Western States Coordination Council, WSCCc. Eastern Interconnect d. Hydro-Quebec

Brain Power

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96%

15%

/

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(Standby power)

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/

/