台灣貨櫃海運業競爭策略之研究 - cmr.ba.ouhk...
TRANSCRIPT
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2013 5 Vol. 16, No. 2, May 2013
http://cmr.ba.ouhk.edu.hk
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1
(DEMATEL) (ANP)
(MMDE)
DEMATEL
ANP
DEMATEL ANP
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2
DEMATEL ANP
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3
(2000)(1)(2)(3)
(4)(5)
(6)(7)(8)
(9)
(strategy)
(2003)
Richard Rumelt (1980)
()
Michael E. Porter (1980)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
-
4
(2000)
(
) (
)
Michael E. Porter (1980) (
)
(2006)
1.
2.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification
)
3. (2008 11 )
(strategic alliance)
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5
(
)
(1997)
-
()
1
-
6
(A)(B)
(C)(D)
(a1)
(a1)(b1)(b2)
(c1)(c2)(d1)
(d2)(d3)
()
DEMATEL
ANP
() DEMATEL
1.
(0~4012
34)
2. (Direct Relation Matrix)(2008)
n
nn nnZ
ija ijZ0
Z
nnnjn
iniji
nj
aaa
aaa
aaa
Z
1
1
1111
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7
3. (Liou et al, 2007)2
n
i
ij
n
jnj
ijni
yyS11
11max,maxmax ZS
S
ZX X
4. (Direct/Indirect Matrix)(2008)X
X=[ij]nnI Kk
XX
2lim
10 ijx 0lim
k
kX T
1122 limlimlim
XIX
XI
XIXXXXIXXXXT
k
k
K
k
k
k
5. (Causal Diagram)(2008) T=[tij]tij(ij=1,2,...,n)
TDi nitDn
j
iji ,,2,1,1
Rj
njtRn
i
ijj ,,2,1,1
Dii
Rjj
(D+R) (Prominence)DiRi
(D-R) (Relation)
DiRi(Di-Ri)
(Di-Ri)
(Di+RiDi-Ri) (D+R) (D-R)
MMDEDEMATEL
MMDE (entropy)
-
8
() MMDE
1. nnT
{T}={t11t12...t21t22...tnn}{T}
T
(tijxixj)=(,,)T*
2. (Dispatch-Node set)T*
(Dispatch-Node set),TDiTDi={xi}={x1x2
xn}
3. (mean de-entropy)TDit
TtDiHDTt
DiHDHtDi
Dit
Di
tDi
tTN
HMDE
nD
n pppHnnn
HH ,,,1
,,1
,1
21
iin pppppH lg,,, 21
( 11
n
i
ip 00lg iii pifpp lge)N(X)
{X}
4.
TtDiTmax
Di
5. (Receive-Node set)T*
24
TRe
TmaxRe
6. TmaxDiT*u
TmaxReT*uTThTTh
TThTmaxDiTmax
Re Remaxmax TGTGTG DiTh *1 TCTC Th C(X){X}
(Scale) (Pairwise Comparison)
-
9
(2005)ANPAHP
(Ratio Scales)
() ANP
1. (Criteria)
(sub-criteria)
()
()
(DEMATEL)
2. (Pairwise Comparison Matrix)
(1)
Saaty1~9
ANP
A=[aij]nn=
1
1
1
21
221
112
nn
n
n
aa
aa
aa
ij
ija
a1
nji ,,3,2,1,
AB3
3CA6
6BCBC
77
nn
(2)
ijij WAW max ijW max
A
-
10
(3)aijijajkj
kaikik
aik=aijajkmaxSaaty
..
....
IR
ICRC (Consistency Ratio, C.R.)
(C.I.) 1
.. max
n
nIC
(C.R.)C.I.
R.I...
....
IR
ICRC maxn
C.I. (Consistency Index)R.I. (Random
Index)n
R.I.
3.
(Unweighted Supermatrix)
(Weighted Supermatrix)
4. (Super Matrix)
nmnmmnn
m
eeeeeeeee
CCC
212222111211
21
21
mmmm
m
m
mn
m
m
n
n
m
WWW
WWW
WWW
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
C
C
C
W
m
21
22221
11211
2
1
2
22
21
1
12
11
2
1
2
1
-
11
mC m mne mn
njnnn
nj
nj
jijiji
jijiji
jijiji
ij
www
www
www
W
12111
22212
12111
ji
ji
0ijW ANP
(Unweighted Supermatrix)
(Weighted Supermatrix) (Limit Supermatrix)
(Weighted Supermatrix)
( kk
W
lim W)
(Limited Supermatrix)
5.
5
10
10 100%
60% 40% 40-50 4 30-40 6
10 4 1
2 3 21 30
3 11 20 5 6 10 3
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12
(DEMATEL)
DEMATEL
MATLAB
()
Z
3
3
()
Z
n
i
ij
n
jnj
ijni
yyS11
11max,maxmax =0+2.6+3+2.7=8.3Z
SS
ZX X
1
A B C D
A 0 2.5 3 2.6 8.1
B 2.6 0 2.6 2.8 8
C 3 2.7 0 2.4 8.1
D 2.7 3 2.6 0 8.3
8.3 8.2 8.2 7.8 ---
2
A B C D
A 0 0.3012 0.3614 0.3133
B 0.3133 0 0.3133 0.3373
C 0.3614 0.3253 0 0.2892
D 0.3253 0.3614 0.3133 0
:()
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13
() (/)
X 0lim
k
kX (0)
12lim
XIXXXXT kk
(TX
I)T( 1 XIXT )
(T)
3
A B C D
A 11.4761 11.5875 11.6426 11.1838
B 11.6094 11.2530 11.5112 11.0987
C 11.7359 11.5950 11.3716 11.1652
D 11.9310 11.8304 11.8235 11.1472
:()
()
1.
{T}={11.9310,11.4761,11.5875,... ,11.1472}{T}
T
T*
2. (Dispatch-Node set)T*
(Dispatch-Node set), TDi
TDi
={ xi }={4,4,4,3,1,2,3,1,2,1,3,2,1,3,4,2}
3. (mean de-entropy)
Dit
Di
tDi
tTN
HMDE
4. 0.0196
={4,4,4,3}={3,4}
5. (Receive-Node set)
24
TRe
={1,2,3,1,3,1,2,2,3,1,3,2,4,4,4,4}0.0291
TmaxRe
={1,2,3,1,3,1}={1,2,3}
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14
() T*TmaxDiu
={(11.9310,4,1)(11.7359,3,1 )}(
T*)TmaxReu={(11.9310,4,1)
(11.8304, 4,2)(11.8235,4,3)}(
T*)TTh={11.9310,4,1)(11.8235,4,3)(11.8304,4,2)
(11.7359,3,1 )}TTh11.7359
()
T (D)
(R)tij (i,j =1,2,...,n) T
nitDn
j
iji ,,2,1,1
njtRn
i
ijj ,,2,1,1
DR
=D+R=D-R
4
D 46.73 A 46.75 A 92.64 D 2.14
A 45.89 C 46.35 C 92.22 C -0.48
C 45.87 B 46.27 B 91.74 B -0.80
B 45.47 D 44.59 D 91.33 A -0.86
()
T DRD+R D-R
D R
D+R () D-R
() X ()
Y ()
(D+R) (D-
R) 11.736
-
15
()
Z
()
Z
n
i
ij
n
jnj
ijni
yyS11
11max,maxmax =3+3.8+2.6+2.8+0+3.1+2.7+3.5+2.5=24
ZSS
ZX X
()
X 0lim
k
kX (0)
12lim
XIXXXXT kk
(TX
I)T( 1 XIXT )
()
1. {T}={1.114,1.101,,.59
TT*
2. (Dispatch-Node set)T*
(Dispatch-Node set), TDi
3. (mean de-entropy)
Dit
Di
tDi
tTN
HMDE
4. 0.0291
={5,2,2,5,6,5}={2,5,6}
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16
5. (Receive-Node set)
0.01961
TmaxRe
={2,5,6,6}={2,5,6}
6. T*TmaxReu={(1.114,5,2)
(1.1011, 2, 5)(1.08,6,5)}(
T*)TmaxReu={(1.114,5,2)(1.1011, 2,5)
(1.093, 2, 6) }(T*)
TTh={(1.114,5,2)(1.1011, 2, 5)(1.093, 2, 6)(1.08,6,5)}TTh
1.08
()
T (D)
(R)tij (i,j =1,2,...,n) T
nitDn
j
iji ,,2,1,1
njtRn
i
ijj ,,2,1,1
DR
=D+R=D-R
5
5
c1 9.08 c1 8.82 c1 17.90 b2 0.33
a2 8.97 a2 8.74 a2 17.71 b1 0.32
c2 8.74 c2 8.69 c2 17.43 c1 0.26
b1 8.47 d2 8.51 b1 16.62 a2 0.23
d1 8.04 b1 8.15 d2 16.27 c2 0.05
b2 7.78 d1 8.11 d1 16.15 d1 -0.07
d2 7.76 a1 7.91 a1 15.52 d3 -0.07
a1 7.61 b2 7.45 b2 15.23 a1 -0.30
d3 6.89 d3 6.96 d3 13.85 d2 -0.75
()
T DRD+R D-
R D R
D+R () D-R
() X (
) Y ()
-
17
(D+R)
(D-R) 1.08
(ANP)
Saaty (1994) (AHP) 6 :
6 AHP
1
3
5
7
9
2,4,6,8
: Saaty (1994)
()
ANP Saaty
DEMATEL 7
7 ANP
1. d1 A
d1 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.09905
a2 1.09905 1
2. d2 A
d2 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.549919
a2 1.549919 1
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18
3. d3 A
d3 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.873699
a2 1.873699 1
4. d1 B
d1 b1 b2
b1 1 3.09496
b2 1/3.09496 1
5. d2 B
d2 b1 b1
b1 1 1.217271
b1 1/1.217271 1
6. d3 B
d3 b1 b1
b1 1 1/1.29403
b1 1.29403 1
7. d1 C
d1 c1 c2
c1 1 1/1.018399
c2 1.018399 1
8. d2 C
d2 c1 c2
c1 1 1/1.305678
c2 1.305678 1
9. d3 C
d3 c1 c2
c1 1 1/1.227681
c2 1.227681 1
10. c1 A
c1 a1 a2
a1 1 1/4.042823
a2 4.042823 1
11. c2 A
c2 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.299324
a2 1.299324 1
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19
()
8
8 ANP
1. d1 A
d1 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.09905 0.47642
a2 1.09905 1 0.52358
2. d2 A
d2 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.549919 0.39217
a2 1.549919 1 0.60783
3. d3 A
d3 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.873699 0.34798
a2 1.873699 1 0.65202
4. d1 B
d1 b1 b2
b1 1 3.09496 0.75580
b2 1/3.09496 1 0.24420
5. d2 B
d2 b1 b2
b1 1 1.217271 0.54900
b2 1/1.217271 1 0.45100
6. d3 B
d3 b1 b2
b1 1 1/1.29403 0.56408
b2 1.29403 1 0.43592
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20
7. d1 C
d1 b1 b2
b1 1 1/1.018399 0.50456
b2 1.018399 1 0.49544
8. d2 C
d2 b1 b2
b1 1 1/1.305678 0,56629
b2 1.305678 1 0.43371
9. d3 C
d3 b1 b2
b1 1 1/1.227681 0.55111
b2 1.227681 1 0.44889
10. c1 A
c1 a1 a2
a1 1 1/4.042823 0.19833
a2 4.042823 1 0.80167
11. c2 A
c2 a1 a2
a1 1 1/1.299324 0.43490
a2 1.299324 1 0.56510
()
( 2 ) ( 2 ) (
2 ) ( 3 ) 3
2
CR =0.00000.1
()
DEMATELSuper Decision
Saaty
ANP
Super Decision
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21
9 ANP
a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2 d1 d2 d3
a1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.198 0.435 0.476 0.392 0.348
a2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.802 0.565 0.524 0.608 0.652
b1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.756 0.550 0.564
b2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.244 0.450 0.435
c1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.505 0.566 0.551
c2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.495 0.434 0.449
d1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
d2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
d3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
()
10 ANP
a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2 d1 d2 d3
a1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.198 0.435 0.159 0.131 0.116
a2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.802 0.565 0.175 0.203 0.214
b1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.252 0.183 0.188
b2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.082 0.151 0.145
c1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.168 0.189 0.183
c2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.165 0.145 0.150
d1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
d2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
d3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
()
Super DecisionANP
:(a2)(0.211)
(b2)(0.208)(c2)(0.180)(c1)(0.153)
(b1)(0.126)(a1)(0.122)
(d1)(0.000)(d2)(0.000)
(d3)(0.000)
(a2)(0.211)(b2)(0.208)(c2)
(0.180)(c1)(0.153)
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22
() (DEMATEL)
DEMATEL(A)
DEMATELDR ()
(c1)
() (ANP)
ANP
(a2)(b2)
(c2)
() (DEMATEL)(ANP)
DEMATELDR () ANP
(a2)(c2)
-
23
DEMATELD-R () ANP
(b2)(a2)
()
1.
2.
3.
-
24
2003-
2005 ANP DEMATEL
2008-
MOD
1997
2006
2000
Liou, J. J. H., Tzeng, G. H., & Chang, H. C. (2007). Airline safety measurement
using a hybrid model. Journal of Air Transport Management, 13(4), 243249.
Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy, New York, NY: Free Press.
Rumelt, R. P. (1980). The evaluation of business strategy. In Glueck, W. F.,
Business Policy and Strategic Management (3rd Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw
Hill.
Saaty, T. L. (1994). Fundamentals of decision making and priority theory: The
analytic hierarchy process. Pittsburgh, PA: RWS.