S/N R ≡ λ/Δλ→ Δλ
10
• 102-103
104-105 • → • → • • • 2 HIDESGAOES •

1 IRAF IRAF: Image Reduction and Analysis Software NOAO

→ Sj/k dt = kds I(0)=∫jexp(-t)ds = ∫(j/k)exp(-t)kds = ∫Sexp(-t)dt ( S=j/k) I(0)S(t1)
S
( ) kTNP
TP T(τ) P(τ) (SED,,etc.)T(τ) (SED,,etc.) ,... Holweger & Mueller (1974) LTE Vernazza et al. (1981)NLTE Harvard-Smithsonian Reference Atmosphere
------ LTE
LTE niTPorρ
Izμ I(z,μ)
4
4
SED: Spectral Energy Distribution → KuruczATLAS Bell et al.MARCS Allard et al. PHOENIX
Kurucz SED • •
l(λ)= l0× φ(λ) l0 ∝(n)×(ε)× (gf) nTP φ(λ)Tξ P κTP (ε) →ε KuruczWIDTHSnedenMOOG
→
4 Teff log g [Fe/H]() ξ →

→NLTE
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
x

(1) LTE (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
LTE→non-LTE
NLTE

→
cosθdI/dz = -(κ+σ)ρ(I-S) cosθ∂I/∂r - (sinθ/r)∂I/∂θ = -κρ(I-S) • d R
d/R10%
• R ∝ Teff -2L1/2
4ML-1 • d/R ∝ RM-1 ∝ Teff
-2L1/2M-1
dR
F Ca H+KMgII h+kXHe10830 T • τ<10-3 • LTE
•
MgII h+k He10830
10826 10830 10834
0.02
1.5
2
2.5
[Fe/H]
Li
1
2

l lFconv Frad(=Ftot-Fconv)
Fconv overshooting KuruczATLASovershooting W Fconv overshooting overshooting
-4 -2 0 2

←→


• • large eddy simulation approach →
AsplundStein+Nordlund CO5BOLD (Freytag, Steffen, …)
COnservative COde for the COmputation of COmpressible COnvection in a BOx of L Dimensions with l=2,3'




(1)dominant