從 SCORM 數位學習到 ebXML 儲存庫

國立台灣師範大學資訊教育系葉耀明

ymyeh@ice.ntnu.edu.tw

內容大綱• SCORM 數位學習標準• CORDRA: ADL's Federated Content Repo

sitory Model

• ebXML Registry/Repository

• ebXML 和 SCORM 比較

SCORM ： e-Learning 整合平台• The Sharable Content Object Reference Model

(SCORMTM) defines a Web-based learning “Content Aggregation Model” and “Run-time Environment” for learning objects.

• ADL(Advanced Distributed Learning) initiative(1997 成立 ) 訂定的標準

• 美國國防部主導和支持• SCORM 1.2: 2001/10/1 (SCORM 1.0:2000/1)• SCORM2004: 2004/1

SCORM 的系統架構

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

Content Aggregation Model (LOM) IEEE LTSC

ARIADNE

IMS

Java API

Run-time Environment

AICC

ADL

整合現有 e-Learning 技術和標準

• LOM (Learning Object Metadata) : XML– the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC)– the Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring & Distribution

Networks for Europe (ARIADNE)

– the IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.,

• Run-time Environment(Common Launch & API): Java– the Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training)

Committee (AICC)

SCORM Evolution

SCORM 2004 新增內容

新增

更動

新增

即時整合網路教材

•

Sharable Content Objects from across the

World Wide Web

Assembled in real-time, on-

demand

To provide learning and assistance

anytime, anywhere

The “A”inADL

Server

Content Aggregation Model

Aggregation

Learning Resource

Aggregation

Learning Resource

SCO

Asset

SCO

Learning Resource

Learning Resource

Learning Resource SCO

Asset

AssetAsset

Asset

Asset

Asset

Content Structure Content Aggregation

SCO(Shareable Content Object)

Asset

JPEG

Asset

XML Doc

Asset

WAV

Asset

Flash

Object

Asset

JAVA Script

Functions

Asset

GIF

Asset

HTML

Fragment

Content Aggregation Packaging in XML

Learning Management Systems

SCORMAPI

LocalContent

RepositoryRemoteContent

Repositories

SCORMContent

Packages

Browser(Presentation)

GeneralizedLearning Management

System Model

Selection

Launch

SCORMTracking

Data

SCORMContent

(SCOs & Assets)

SequencingService

Testing/AssessmentService

Content ManagementService

Course AdministrationService

Learner ProfilesService Tracking

Service DeliveryService

APIAdapter

eLearning Three Layer Structure

Web Services Layer

Internet Layer

Workflow (BPEL,BPSS)Discovery (ebXMLRR,UDDI) Description (WSDL,CPPA)

Messaging (SOAP,ebMS,XMLP)

HTTP,FTP,SMTPTCP/IP

Basic Services Layer

Common Application Layer

Resolution, Query/UpdateRight Mgmt, Logging

Storage, Role, Authentication

SequencingUser Profile, Tracking

Knowledge Mgmt, Content Mgmt

Tool LayerLecture, Present,

Assessment, Simulation, Collaboration

Application LayerLearning Technology System

Authoring, Delivery, ManagementLearning Agents

Infr

astr

uctu

reLe

arni

ng S

ervi

ces

App

licat

ion

CORDRA

• Content Object Repository Discovery and Resolution Architecture

or

• Content Object Repository Discovery and Registration Architecture

• Learning Systems Architecture LabCarnegie Mellon University

Overall CORDRA Model

Key CORDRA Operations

• Register a content object in the Content Catalog for later search and retrieval

• Search the Content Catalog; it returns content objects (via their IDs) and metadata

• Register a content repository in the Repository Registry by specifying local data and rules

• Query the Repository Registry for the operational, policy and business rules

Content Object Creation

Create Content

Assign ID100.xyz/cp

Publish in Repository

Content Object Registration

10.xyz/cp

Identify Content in Repository for RegistrationGet Content ID

Register Content

Extract Metadata

Deposit Metadata

Content Object Search

Enter Search CriteriaSearch Catalog

100.abc/cp1

100.abc/cp2

100.xyz/cp

100.qrs/cp

Return Content IDs

Select Content

100.xyz/cp

Content Object Access

100.xyz/cp

Identify Content

Resolve IdentifierDetermine Repository and Access MethodsAccess Content in Identified RepositoryRetrieve Content

100.xyz/cp

Repository Registration

Create Repository Metadata

Assign ID

100.reg/rep

Register

Repository QueryEnter Search Criteria

Search Catalog

Obtain Repository Metadata

Overall CORDRA Model

• Collection of local content repositories• Implementation-specific system repositories

– Master catalog (content registry)– Repository registry– System registry

• Identifier Infrastructure• Common Services• Applications

ebXML Registry/Repository

• ebXML 演進• 服務基礎架構 (SOA)

• 服務註冊技術• 內容服務註冊技術使用情境• 內容服務註冊功能

ebXML：全球電子市集 • ebXML 是一套集合模組化電子交易架構的詳細規格。

• ebXML 能使各種規模、各種領域的全球企業，以符合企業管理流程的方式經由 XML-based 的資訊交換，透過電子市集的仲介與其他企業形成交易。

• ebXML 是由 United Nations (UN/CEFACT) and OASIS 這兩大組織所共同發起及贊助。

• ebXML1.0: 2001 年 5月公佈

ebXML 的核心概念• ebXML 的核心概念是定義出全球電子市集中企業間 ( 跨國界跨行業 ) 的商業交易 (Business Transaction) 的模式 (Modeling Methodology)

• 是電子商務領域的重要分水嶺– 電子商務理論 ( 學術界 )– 企業 e 化 ( 企業界 )

ebXML 之演進• ebXML 之兩大應用領域

– eGovernment – eBusiness (B2B)

UN/EDIFACT

EDI

1976

ebXML

1999/112001/5

UN/CEFACTOASIS

XML, SOAP

UML

Registry/Repository

UMM

2002 2003

二組織分裂

2004 2005

復合 ?

ebXML Extension

服務基礎架構 (SOA)

服務仲介者

(Broker)

服務要求者

(Requestor)

服務提供者

(Provider)

服務描述

Client Service

服務查詢 服務登錄

服務連結

Web Services 技術概念：SOA: Services Oriented Architecture

UDDI

WSDL

Service Broker

ServiceRequester

ServiceProvider

Publish Request

Bind and Request

Reply

SOAP

UDDI 2.0: Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (2001/6)WSDL: Web Service Description LanguageSOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol (2001/7)

新型態的入口網站： - 給程式 (Web Service) 用的

電子化政府服務基礎架構 (eGov SOA)

平台管理觀點內容 /服務仲介者

國民服務觀點內容 /服務要求者

政府作業觀點內容 /服務提供者

內容 / 服務發佈

內容 / 服務查詢

eGOV 儲存庫

內容 / 服務回覆

內容 / 服務連結與要求

內容服務註冊技術標準• UN/CEFACT 註冊 / 儲存庫： ( 未成熟 )

– 以 UMM 為核心；最高等級國際標準– 採用 CCTS 資訊模型：適合內容物件

• OASIS ebXML 註冊 / 儲存庫： ( 發展中 )– 以 Extended SO Ａ為概念： ebRS ；業界標

準– 採用 ebRIM 資訊模型：適合內容物件

• UDDI 註冊 / 儲存庫： ( 發展競爭中 )– 以 SOA 為概念– 採用白頁 / 黃頁 / 綠頁的資料結構：適合服務

但不適合內容

UN/CEFACT CCTS (Core Component Technical Specification)

ebXML Registry Information Model

UDDI Registry Data

WhitePages

YellowPages

GreenPages

Business Units

Descriptions of Services

Taxonomies

內容服務註冊使用情境分析

CS

註冊服務處

儲存庫

提交

驗證

核準 / 駁回

註冊中心

內容擁有單位 民眾

企業

查詢

eGov 入口網站

內容註冊/儲存庫

內容規範

內容註冊服務處功能• 內容註冊 (Content Registry)

– 內容註冊和驗證程序和介面• 內容發現 (Content Discovery)

– 內容查詢的使用者介面和應用程式介面• 內容管理 (Content Management)

– 內容生命周期管理• 事件通告 (Event Notification)

– 內容事件控制和服務及流程整合• 系統安全功能 (Security Enforced)

– 內容為主之數位簽章和角色權限控制• 註冊服務處聯合互作功能 (Registry Federation)

– 彈性的分散式註冊服務處系統架構

內容註冊物件生命周期Submitted

Approved

Deprecated

Removed

approveObject

deprecateObject

removeObject

submitObject提交

移除

廢棄

核準

ebXML Registry 查詢

ebXML Registry 內容物件編輯

ebXML Registry 內容物件語意關連

ebXML 和 SCORM 的比較

• e-Business 的標準– Vertical Specification– Horizontal Specification– Fundamental Standard

• Learn from EDI• Business Collaboration

– UML, UMM• Business Knowledge

– ? UMM CCTS– Repository

• 結合 Web Services

• e-Learning 的標準– ?– SCORM– Fundamental Standard

• Learn from ? education• Learning Knowledge

– LOM + ?– Repository…

• Run-time Environment– API ? – Web Services

• Part of Human Resource System

ebXML SCORM