沈阳师范大学

主讲人：王宇弘

欧洲历史与文明

The Influence of the Enlightenment

启蒙运动的影响

第八章 启蒙运动The Enlightenment

The Meaning of Enlightened Despotism

The Secular Outlook

The Roots of Enlightened Despotism

启蒙运动的主要影响

Enlightened Despotism: France, Austria and Prussia

Enlightened Despotism: Russia The British Reform Movement The American Revolution

The Failure of Enlightened Despotism in France开明专制：法国

Tax CollectionLouis ⅩⅥ

The Reforms of Maria Theresa and of Joseph in AustriaⅡ

开明专制：奥地利 Internal consolidation of the empire

Joseph Ⅱ

The “Revolutionary Emperor”

Limitations of Joseph’s Reforms

Enlightened Despotism in Prussia开明专制：普鲁士

Prussia under Frederick the Great

Social stratification in Prussia

Enlightened Despotism in Russia开明专制：俄罗斯

The Reforms of Catherine the Great

Territorial Expansion

An Evaluation of Catherine’s Reign

Enlightened Despotism in Russia

叶卡捷琳娜大帝

An Evaluation of Catherine’s Reign

The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism开明专制的局限性

To some extent enlightened despotism favored equality before the law. But the king was after all a hereditary aristocrat himself, and no government can be revolutionary to the point of breaking up its own foundations.

The British Reform Movement

Liberty and EqualityParliamentary PoliticsThe Reform Movement

The American Revolution启蒙思想的延伸：美国革命

The American Revolution

The Declaration of Independence Significance of American Revolution Vindication of Enlightenment Ideas

Thank You!