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ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN

201142www.zte.com.cn/magazine

ZTE

TECHNOLOGY

J OURNAL

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ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNALZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

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IPv4/IPv6 3G/4G

Internet

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www.zte.com.cn/magazine

www.zte.com.cn/paper

magazinezte.com.cn

(0551)5533356

(0551)5850139

2011410

0058

10.0060.00

ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN

CN 34-1228/TN1995b1664zhP10.0015000142011-04

01

05

07

10

15

20

25

30

33

37

43

49 Widget

52

56 (2)

MAB (14) zVOA

(24) PTN L3 VPN(29) (51)

:

|

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ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN

201142www.zte.com.cn/magazine

ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNALZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

4


ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.17 No.2 Apr. 2011

(

Contents

Operational Application

Lecture Series

Expert View

Development Field

01 Architecture and Key Technologies ofIdentifier-Based Universal Networks SU Wei, LIU Qi, ZHANG Hongke

05 Technology of Content Location Packet LI Youping

07 Content Aware Network ArchitectureLIN Tao, TANG Hui, HOU Ziqiang

10 Research Status and Development Trendsof Next-Generation Internet Architecture WU Jianping, LI Xing, LIU Ying

15 Key Technologies in Future Internet Virtualization HAN Yanni, QIN Yifang, CI Song

20 Programmable Virtual Router Technologiesthat Support Future Internet Innovation HE Peng, GUAN Hongtao, XIE Gaogang

25 A Mobility Management SolutionBased on ID/Locator Separation LI Yuhong, HOU Yunjing, CHENG Shiduan

30 Security of the Next Generation Internet ZHANG Zhijiang, ZHANG Ni

33 Development Strategy of Cloud Computing and Internet of ThingsTANG Xiongyan

37 Strategies for Increasing Broadband Speed LI Jiajing

43 Open Architecture Design of Cloud Computing QIAN Yuming, LU Ping, ZHAO Pei

49 Differences between Mainstream Standardsand Platforms for Mobile Widgets JIA Xia, WANGWei, YI Ning

52 Adaptive Multi-Antenna Technology XIAO Huahua, ZHU Dengkui, HU Liujun

56 Synchronization and Timing Technologyof Packet Communication Networks (2) WANGWennai, WANG Bin, MI Zhengkun

Special Topic: Future Internet

Research Paper

5


| | |

TCP/IP

IP

FIA

FP7 4WARD

AKARI 2011

ITU-TETSI

973

201116

1

P

3

4

5

6

2

6


Architecture and Key Technologies of Identifier-Based Universal NetworksArchitecture and Key Technologies of Identifier-Based Universal Networks

/SU Wei 1

/LIU Qi 2

/ZHANG Hongke 1(1.

1000442.

100084 )(1. National Engineering Lab for Next

Generation Internet Interconnection Devices,Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044,

China;2. Department of Electronics Engineering,

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0001-04

Because of historical reasons and the original Internet model, serious

shortcomings exist in the current Internet. At present, the Internet cannot adapt well to

the demands of diverse networks and services and also lacks support for mobility,

security, controllability, and Quality of Service (QoS). This paper proposes a new

identifier-based universal network architecture and creates the basic theory and key

technologies of the infrastructure layer and pervasive services layer. It also establishes

the prototype system and validates the corresponding theories. Results show that our

network architecture remedies mobility, security, controllability, and QoS shortcomings

in existing information networks. The new network system also provides prefect

support for pervasive services.

universal network; identifier; infrastructure layer; pervasive services layer

Keywords:

Abstract:

01Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

[1]

[2-6]

(973)

(863)

(CNGI)

1

GENI

973

[7-9]

1

[7]

(60903150)

7


02 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


2

2

4

4

3

()

(OSI)7

4

2

2

4

[7]

3

3

(1)

IP

1

2

2004

2005

2006

2006

2007

2007

2008

2003

2003

2006

2007

2007

2008

(8 000 )

(3 )

(2 000 )

(4 000 )

()

(4 000 )

()

973

973

863

21CN

GENI (Global Environment for Netowrking Innovations)

FIND (Future Internet Design)

AKARI (Next Generation network research plan)

FI (Future Internet)

FIRE (Future Internet Research and Experiment)

G-Lab (A Future Generation Internet Research Lab)

8


(2)

(3)

(4)

3

2

[7]

[7]

4

4

(1)

(TCP)(UDP)

(2)

(3)

03Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


3

4

()

()

9


(4)

4

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

4

2009 12

5

5

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

5

04 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


5

-3

-2

-2

-3

-2

-1

-1

-1

Web

42

10


Technology of Content Location PacketTechnology of Content Location Packet

/LI Youping(

100088)(Institute of Applied Physics and Computational

Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0005-02

The Internet operates in groups according to the host address, but it still has

some problems including: increasing traffic, uncontrollable content, large consumption

and so on. In this paper, adding an operating mechanism in groups according to content

property is considered, and both the broadcast network and telecommunication

network are regarded as the infrastructure of the future Internet. Under the guidance of

these ideas, many problems can be resolved.

content location packet; broad-store; multicast

Keywords:

Abstract:

05Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


1

80%

(NGB)NGB

IP

3

NGB

3

2010 1

CDNACRP2Pcache

2010

8

NDN(Named Data Networking)

2 (UCL

Packet)

UCL

IP

IP

UCL

8

IP Option

URL

140

(1)

UCL

UCL

(2)

UCL

11


06 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


IP

(3)

3

UCL

2015

2020

3

/(TCP/IP)

1

(1)

0

UCL

40 Mb/s

400 GB

(2)

ACR

P2Pcache

(

)

(3)3

TCP/IP

UCL

4

2011-02-02

1

UCL

N N-1 K 3 2 1 0

UCL

12


Content Aware Network ArchitectureContent Aware Network Architecture

/LIN Tao/TANG Hui

/HOU Ziqiang(

100190)(High Performance Network Laboratory

Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100190, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0007-03

/

/

This paper proposes a content-aware network architecture. Through a

novel host/content naming mechanism, the architecture supports unified identification

of host and content at the network layer and has efficient content distribution and

efficient end to end communication. Routing scalability, mobility, and security are also

well supported.

future network; content aware; route scalability; identifier/location split

Keywords:

Abstract:

07Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


Cisco [1]IP

34%2014

IP 64 EB

97.5%

[2]

(P2P)(CDN)

NDN(Named Data

Networking) [3] DONA(Date Oriented

Network Architecture) [4]PSIRP[5]

NDN

NDN /

WhereWhat

NDN

1 IP

()

LISP[6]GLI-split[7]

SHIM6[8]

IT

1

/

3

/

13


08 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


/

/

2

(LA-ID)

(TA-LOC)

LA-Prefix/type/Name

LA-Prefix type

Name

LA-Prefix/0/Host Name

LA-Prefix/1/Content Name/

IP

IP

3

(

) (LA-ID

TA-LOC)

LISP-ALT[9]

(IR)(GRE)

(MAP-REQUEST)

(BGP)

(ER)

BGP

LA-ID TA-LOC

4

IP

LA-ID/TA-LOC

1

14


LA-ID

TA-LOC

4.1

LA-ID/TA-LOC

LOC

ID

LA-ID

4.2

ID

/

5

6

09Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


[1] Cisco visual networking index: global mobiledata traffic forecast update 2009-2014 [R/OL]. [2009-11-17]. www.cisco.com/en/US/

solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white-paper-c11-520862.

[2] BARABASI A L. Emergence of scaling incomplex networks [M]//BORNHOLDT S,SCHUSTER H G. Handbook of Graphs andNetworks: From the Genome to the Internet.Berlin,Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002: Chapter 3.

[3] ZHANG Lixia, ESTRIN D, BURKE J, et al.Named Data Networking (NDN) project [R].Technical Report NDN-0001. Aiken, SC,USA: PARC, 2010.

[4] KOPONEN T, CHAWLA M, CHUN B G. Adata-oriented (and beyond) networkarchitecture [C]// Proceedings of theConference on Applications, Technologies,Architectures, and Protocols for ComputerCommunications(SIGCOMM07), Aug27-31, 2007, Kyoto, Japan. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 2007:181-192.

[5] PSIRP [EB/OL]. [2009-12-15]. http://www.psirp.org/.

[6] FARINACCI D, FULLER V, MEYER D, et al.Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) [R].IETF draft-ietf-lisp-09. 2010.

[7] MENTH M, HARTMANN M, KLEIN D. Globallocator, local locator, and identifier split(GLI-split) [R]. Technical Report 470.Wurzburg, Germany: University of Wurzburg,2010.

[8] NORDMARK E, BAGNULO M. Shim6: Level3 multihoming shim protocol for IPv6 [R].IETF RFC 5533. 2009.

[9] FULLER V, FARINACCI D, MEYER D, et al.LISP Alternative Topology (LISP+ALT) [R].IETF draft-ietf-lisp-alt-05. 2010.

2011-01-31

()

15


Research Status and Development Trends of Next-Generation Internet ArchitectureResearch Status and Development Trends of Next-Generation Internet Architecture/WU Jianping

/LI Xing/LIU Ying

( 100084)(Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0010-05

The Internet faces many technical challenges. To solve these major

technical challenges, a number of Next-Generation Internet (NGI) research projects

have been launched. This paper discusses international and domestic research into NGI

architecture; and based on this research, analyzes development trends of NGI system

architecture.

next-generation Internet; network architecture; development trend

Keywords:

Abstract:

IPv4

20 90

20 90

IPv6

IPv6 IPv6

IPv6

IPv4

IPv6

FIND/GENI

GENI[1]FIND[2]FIRE[3] FIA

(973)

(863)

(CNGI)

1

10 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


16


1996 10

Internet2 GEANT2

APAN TEIN2

2000

NewArch

10 20

Internet NewArch

2003 (NSF)

Clean Slate 100*100

3

2010 1

100 Mb/s

NSF FINDSINGNGNI

2005 NSF

GENI

OpenFlow

2006 NSF

(Clean Slate Design for The

Internet)

2006

AKARI

AKARI

3 (JGN2JGN2+JGN3)

2007

FIRE

2009 NSF

NetSE

FINDSINGNGNI 3

NetSE

2010 NSF

FIA

1.1

2005 NSF 3

(GENI)GENI

GENI

GENI

GENI OpenFlow[4]

OpenFlow

OpenFlow

OpenFlow 3

OpenFlow

3

GENI

2009

1 GENI

1.2

(FIND)

NSF

(NeTS) 2005

FIND

Clean Slate ProcessFIND

15

FIND 3

1 (2006 2008 )

2 (2009 2011 )

3 (2012 2014 )

GENI

2009 4 FIND

[5] FIND

1.3

2007 (FP7)

11Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


17


(FIRE)FIRE

FIRE GENI

FIRE

FIRE

FIRE

1.4

2010 NSF

(FIA)FIA

3 (2010

2013 )

FIA 4

NDN[6]

NDN

NDN

NDN

MobilityFirst[7]

(GDTN)

NEBULA[8]

XIA[9]

XIA

XIP

XIA

3

TCP/IP

2

(973)

(863)

(CNGI)

3

2000

(NSFCNET)

(DWDM) IPv6

6

Internet2

2003

(973)

5

(973)

973

(1)

(2)

12 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


18


(3)

CERNET

NSFCNET

2009 973

973

973

IPv6

IPv6

(

)

973

973

3

(1)

(2)

(3)

2002 57

2003

8

6 ( 22

59 )2

/()273

2005 2006

103 CNGI

56

472008

CNGI

IPv6

46

3

GENIFINDFIRE FIA

1[10]

IPv6

13Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


19


IPv6

4

1 IETF

IPv6

GENI

FIND

FIRE

973

[1] WROCLAWSKI J. GENI: Global Environmentfor Network Innovations [R/OL].[2011-01-12]. Using the Component andAggregate Abstractions in the GENIArchitecture, GDD-06-42(2006-12-19).http://www.geni. net.

[2] FIND[EB/OL]. [2011-01-12]. http://www.nets-find.net/.

[3] FIRE: Future Internet Research andExperimentation [EB/OL]. [2011-01-12]. http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/fire/.

[4] OpenFlow [EB/OL]. [2011-01-12]. http://www.openflowswitch.org/.

[5] CERF V, DAVIE B, GREENBERG A, ET AL.FIND OBSERVER PANEL REPORT [EB/OL].[2009-04-09]. HTTP://WWW.NETS-FIND.NET/FIND_REPORT_FINAL.PDF.

[6] NAMED DATA NETWORKING (NDN) [EB/OL]. [2011-01-12]. HTTP://WWW.NAMED-DATA.NET/.

[7] MOBILITYFIRST [EB/OL]. [2011-01-12].HTTP://MOBILITYFIRST.WINLAB.RUTGERS.EDU/.

[8] NEBULA [EB/OL]. [2011-01-12]. HTTP://

NEBULA.CIS.UPENN.EDU/.[9] EXPRESSIVE INTERNET

ARCHITECTURE(XIA) [EB/OL].[2011-01-12]. HTTP://WWW.CS.CMU.EDU/~XIA/.

[10] , , . [J]. , F:2008,38(10):1540-1564.

2011-01-10

CERNET

30030

SigmaXi APNGAPNIC

200

830

14 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


MAB

2 17

(MAB)

MAB All-Join

35

VIP Uni Core

UDC LTE

WiFi ISGW

LTE

WiFi FTP P2P

MAB

3G

LTEWiFiWiMAXFemto

20


Key Technologies in Future Internet VirtualizationKey Technologies in Future Internet Virtualization

/HAN Yanni/QIN Yifang

/CI Song( 100190)

(Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Beijing 100190, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0015-05

Network virtualization allows different service providers to dynamically

establish concurrent but isolated heterogeneous virtual networks. This paper proposes

network virtualization that supports context-aware. Using allocation and control

technology for virtualization network resources and dynamic resources, a mapping

relationship is established between substrate resources and upper service. A

transparent separation can also be introduced in the virtualization layer between

application layer and substrate infrastructure layer, and cognitive management can be

implemented to dynamically control the virtualization network. In this way, the Internet

can be greatly improved so that end to end QoS, security, and manageability are met.

future network; network virtualization; resource allocation; cognitive

network

Keywords:

Abstract:

15Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


Internet

2009 7

Internet 6

[1-2]

[3-5]

1

1960

1

/

CPU

(ATM)

(MPLS)

(VPN)

(VLAN)

1.1

(VLAN)

VLAN

VLAN

MAC

VLAN ID VLAN

(MAC)

VLAN ID (60372048604963162010ZX03004-002)

21


16 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


VLAN

1.2

(VPN)

(CE)CE

(PE)VPN

VPN

VPN

VPN

1.3

(QoS)

P2P

IP

ATMMPLS

VPN

IP

IP

IP

2

2.1 PlantLab

PlantLab[6]

PlantLab

PlanetLab

PlanetLab

2.2 Geni

Geni[7] PlantLab

Geni

GENI

(

)

2.3 VINI

VINI[8] PlantLab

GENI VINI X-Bone

VIOLIN VINI

PlantLab PlantLab

VINI PlantLab

VINI XORP Click

OpenVPN

2.4 CABO

CABO[9]

(ISP)

ATMMPLSVPN

VLAN

1

IBM CP-40

IBM CP/CMS

IBM 370

VMWare v1

1960 1970 1980

ATM

1990 2000 2010

VLAN IEEE 802.1Q

IETF VPN

Linux Xen v1

IETF MPLS

PlanetLab

VMWare

22


CABO

CABO

CABO

2.5 4WARD

4WARD

4WARD

4WARD

()

4WARD

4WARD

3[10-11]

(1)

GENI4WARD

(2)

( UCLP)

( VIOLIN)

(3)

(

)

3

QoS

QoS

()

QoS QoS

3

3.1

3

2

(InP) InP

InP

InP

3

17Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


InP

2

(InP1)

(InP2)

(InP3)

InP1 InP2 InP3

23


[11-13]

3.2

4

2

(

)(

)

3.3

5

(XML)

18 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


3

4

DB

()

DB

DB DB

24


InP

XORP

(Web

SSH )

4

QoS

5

19Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


[1] BONIFACE M, SURRIDGE M, UPSTILL C.Position paper: Research challenges for thecore platform for the future Internet[R].University of Southampton IT InnovationCentre.2010(1):1-9.

[2] HUSTON G. Analyzing the Internet's BGProuting table [J]. The Internet ProtocolJournal, 2001,4(1):2-15.

[3] SCHRECK G. The virtualization imperative:why virtualization is the key to IT flexibility [R].Forrester Research, Inc, 2007.

[4] 4WARD -- Architecture and design for thefuture Internet, D-3.1.1 Virtualisationapproach: Concept [EB/OL]. [2011-01-08].Objective FP7-ICT-2007-1-216041/D-3.1.19(2010-09-09). http://www.4ward-project.eu/ index.php%3Fs%3D.

[5] MARQUEZAN C, NOBRE J, GRANVILLE L, etal. Distributed reallocation scheme for virtualnetwork resources[C]// Proceedings of theIEEE International Conference onCommunications (ICC09), Jun 14-18,2009,Dresden, Germany. Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE, 2009.

[6] CHUN B, CULLER D. PlanetLab: An overlaytestbed for broad-coverage services [J].Computer Communications Review, 2003,33(3):3-12.

[7] WROCLAWSKI J. GENI: Global Environmentfor Network Innovations [R/OL].[2011-01-08]. Using the Component andAggregate Abstractions in the GENIArchitecture, GDD-06-42(2006-12-19).http://www. geni.net

[8] About VINI:What is VINI [EB/OL].[2011-01-08]. http://www.vini-veritas.net/.

[9] FEAMSTER N, GAO L. REXFORD J. How tolease the Internet in your spare time [J].Computer Communication Review, 2007, 37(1): 61-64.

[10] MOSHARAF KABIR CHOWDHURY N M,RAOUF BOUTABA R. A survey of networkvirtualization [J]. Computer Networks,2010,54(5):862-876.

[11] YU M, YI Y, REXFORD J, et al. Rethinkingvirtual network embedding: Substratesupport for path splitting and migration [J].Computer Communication Review, 2008,38(2): 17-29.

[12] HOUIDI I, LOUATI W, ZEGHLACHE D. Adistributed virtual network mappingalgorithm [C]// Proceedings of the IEEEInternational Conference onCommunications (ICC08),May 19-23,2008, Beijing, China. Piscataway, NJ,USA:IEEE,2008:5634-5640.

[13] ZHU Y, AMMAR M. Algorithms for assigningsubstrate network resources to virtualnetwork components[C]//Proceedings of the25th IEEE International Conference onComputer Communications(INFOCOM06),Apr 23-29,2006,Barcelona,Spain.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE, 2006: 12p.

2011-01-23

P2P

IEEEIEEE COMSOCMMTC SIG Chair 80 2 1

5

25


Programmable Virtual Router Technologies that Support Future Internet InnovationProgrammable Virtual Router Technologies that Support Future Internet Innovation

/HE Peng/GUAN Hongtao/XIE Gaogang

( 100190)(Institute of Computing Technology, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0020-05

PEARLPEARL

The architecture, protocols, and algorithms of the future Internet need to be

evaluated and verified in the network testbed. A programmable virtual router is one of

core components of the future Internet testbed. Using programmable virtual routers,

the testbed can build multiple independent virtual networks on one physical network,

and parallel experiment authentication can be realized for different system

architectures. Compared with traditional routers, programmable virtual routers require

virtualization and flexible and programmable features. This paper proposes a

programmable virtual router platform called PEARL that supports future Internet

innovation. Programmable, virtual isolation and high-performance of PEARL, can meet

the requirements of future Internet testbeds.

future Internet; virtualization; programmability; router

Keywords:

Abstract:

/ (TCP/IP)[1-2]

TRILL[3]

6

(Slice)

Slice

(1)

(2)

IP IP

(3)

(

(60903208)(YZ200926)

20 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


26


)

PEARL

1

3

1

40 Gb/s

Cisco CRS1

92 Tb/s

(

)

Morris [4]

ClickClick

Click

XORP[5]

CPU

2

2.1

3

(1)

VMware KVM[6]

Hypervisor

(I/O)

(2)

Xen[7] UML[8]

1

2

1

21Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


27


I/O

(3)

OpenVZ[9]

Linux-VServer[10]LXC[11]

( Linux

)

CPU

( Linux)

(

)

2.2

Click XORP

2 Click

XORP

2 XORP

Click

Handley

XORPXORP

XORP

XORP Quagga

Quagga

Vyatta

Quagga

XORP Qugga Click

Click

Linux Click

2.3

Click

[12-13]

Dobrescu

RouteBricks

Huang [14]

Han [15] GPU

PacketShader

3 (1)vRouter

Egi [16]

vRouter vRouter

vRouter

Xen

Click

Keller [17]

Linux-VServer Click

vRouter Click

Click

vRouter

(2)CAFE SwitchBlade

Anwer NetFPGA [18]

BGPIGMP/MLG

IPCIS-IS-

OSPFPIM-SM

RIP

2 Click XORP

IPC

BGP4

OSPF

RIP

IS-IS

PIM-SM

IGMP/MLG

Click

22 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


28


Lu [19]

CAFECAFE API

Anwer

[20]

SwitchBlade

(3)OpenFlow

OpenFlow[21]

( MAC

IP )

IP

OpenFlow

OpenFlow

4

PEARL PEARL

TCAM SRAM

LXC

PEARL

(1)

PERAL

LXC Linux

CPU

I/O

(2)

PEARL

PEARL

I/O

(TCAM)

I/O

TCAM

PEARL

PEARL

Socket API

Demo

( OpenFlow)

PEARL

(3)

PEARL

PCIE

TCAM SRAM

PERAL

PERAL

LXC

PERAL

64 B

PEARL 4 Gb/s

5

PEARL

6 [1] WROCLAWSKI J. GENI: Global Environment

for Network Innovations [R/OL].[2011-01-08]. Using the Component andAggregate Abstractions in the GENIArchitecture, GDD-06-42(2006-12-19).http://www.geni.net.


[3] TOUCH J, PERLMAN R. TransparentInterconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL):Problem and applicability statement[R]. IETFRFC 5556.2009.

[4] MORRIS R, KOHLER E, JANNOTTI J, et al.The click modular router[C]//Proceedings ofthe 17th ACM Symposium on OperatingSystems Principles (SOSP99), Dec 12-15,1999, Charleston, SC, USA. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 1999:217-231.

[5] HANDLEY M, HODSON O, KOHLER E.XORP: An open platform for networkresearch [J]. Computer CommunicationReview, 2003,33(1): 53-57.

[6] Kernel Virtual Machine(KVM) [EB/OL].

23Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


29


[2011-01-08]. http://www.linux-kvm.org/.[7] BARHAM P, DRAGOVIC B, FRASER K, et al.

Xen and the art of virtualization [C]//Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGOPSSymposium on Operating Systems Principles(SOSP03), Oct 19 - 22, 2003, BoltonLanding, NY, USA. New York, NY, USA: ACM,2003: 164-177.

[8] User Mode Linux(UML)[EB/OL].[2011-01-08]. http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/.

[9] OpenVZ [EB/OL]. [2011-01-08]. http://wiki.openvz.org/Main_Page.

[10] Linux-VServer [EB/OL]. [2011-01-08]. http://linux-vserver.org.

[11] Linux Container. LXC [EB/OL].[2011-01-08]. http://lxc.sourceforge.net/.

[12] DOBRESCU M, EGI N, KATERINA J, et al.RouteBricks: Exploiting parallelism to scalesoftware routers [C]//Proceedings of the22nd ACM Symposium on OperatingSystems Principles (SOSP09), Oct 11-14,2009, Big Sky, MT, USA. New York, NY,USA: ACM, 2009: 15-28.

[13] EGI N, GREENHALGH A, HANDLEY M, et al.Towards high performance virtual routers oncommodity hardware[C]// Proceedings ofthe 4th ACM International Conference onEmerging Networking EXperiments andTechnologies Student Workshop (CoNext08), Dec 9-12,2008, Madrid, Spain. NewYork, NY, USA:ACM,2008:20.

[14] HUANG Kun, XIE Gaogang, LI Yanbiao, et al.An offset addressing approach tomemory-efficient IP address lookup[C]//Proceedings of the 30th IEEE Conferenceon Computer Communications (INFOCOM11), Apr 10-15,2011, Shanghai, China.Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2011.

[15] HAN Sangjin, JANG Keon, PARK KyoungSoo, et al. PacketShader: aGPU-accelerated software router [C]//

Proceedings of the Conference onApplications, Technologies, Architectures,and Protocols for ComputerCommunications(SIGCOMM10), Aug30-Sep 3, 2010, New Delhi, India. NewYork, NY,USA. 2010: 195-206.

[16] EGI N, GREENHALGH A, HANDLEY M,et al.A flexible and performant virtual router[C]//Proceedings of the International Workshopon Self-Organizing Systems (IWSOS '07),Sep 11-13, 2007, Evanston, IL, USA. LNCS4725. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag,2007.

[17] KELLER E, GREEN E. Virtualizing the dataplane through source code merging[C]//Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMMWorkshop on Programmable Routers for theExtensible Services of Tomorrow (PRESTO08), Aug 22, 2008, Seattle, WA, USA. NewYork, NY, USA: ACM, 2008:9-14.

[18] NetFPGA [EB/OL]. [2011-01-08]. http://www.netfpga.com.

[19] LU Guohan, SHI Yunfeng, GUO Chuanxiong,et al. CAFE: A configurable packetforwarding engine for data center networks[C]// Proceedings of the Workshop onProgrammable Routers for ExtensibleServices of Tomorrow (PRESTO09), Aug21, 2009, Barcelona, Spain. New York, NY,USA: ACM, 2009: 25-30.

[20] ANWER M B, MOTIWALA M, TARIQ M B,et al. SwitchBlade: A platform for rapiddeployment of network protocols onprogrammable rardware [C]// Proceedings ofthe Conference on Applications,Technologies, Architectures, and Protocolsfor Computer Communications(SIGCOMM10), Aug 30-Sep 3, 2010, New Delhi,India. New York, NY,USA. 2010: 183-194.

[21] MCKEOWN N, ANDERSON T,BALAKRISHNAN H, et al. OpenFlow:Enabling innovation in campus networks [J].

Computer Communication Review, 2008,38(2):69-74.

2011-01-11

80

10

zVOA

2011

zVOA

zVOA

zVOA SCC

CS IMS

ETCA

iCX

iMG iCX

IMS

iMG

zVOA IMS

IMS

VoLTEVoBB

zVOA

IMS

VoIP

MMTel CentrexDRVCCSRVCC

24 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


30


AMobility Management Solution Based on ID/Locator SeparationA Mobility Management Solution Based on ID/Locator Separation/LI Yuhong

/HOU Yunjing/CHENG Shiduan

( 100876)

(State Key Laboratory of Networking andSwitching Technology, Beijing University of

Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing100876, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0025-05

Solutions based on ID/Locator separation are not easily deployed and cannot

be used to resolve routing scalability and mobility problems simultaneously. This paper

proposes a novel network architecture based on the idea of ID/Locator separation but

which has a mobility management mechanism built on top of the architecture. In the

proposed mobility management mechanism the protocol stack of the mobile hosts

does not need modifying, so the solution is easily deployed. The IDs contain some

routing information that provides intrinsic interworking capabilities with traditional

mobile nodes. The mapping system is also distributed to the edge networks, increasing

the robustness of the whole system and decreasing handoff delay.

identifier and locator separation; mobility management; location

management; handoff control

Keywords:

Abstract:

25Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


Internet

/(TCP/

IP)IP

TCP/IP

Internet

(IETF) IP

IP(MIP) [1-2] IPv6

(PMIPv6) [3]

Internet

IP

Internet

[4-6]

IP

R.Moskowitz

HIP[7]Nordmark SHIM6[8]

LISP[9]Christian Vogt

Six/One[10] Michael Menth

GLI-split[11]

Internet

1

3

EFIPSANS(INFSO-ICT-215549) (973) (2009CB320504)

31


26 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


HIP

HIPTCP/IP

TCP IP

IP

IP

HIP

RVS [12] HIP

SHIM6 IP

3 SHIM

SHIM6

LISP

LISP

LISP

(ITR)

LISP

(EID)

EID

TCP

LISP MN[13]

LISP MN

LISP MN

LISP

PETR

LISP MN

IP

Six/One

Router

Six/One Router

Michael GLI-split

GLI-split IP

3

GLI-split

GLI-split

2

Internet

Internet

2.1

1

(CA)(RA)

CA Internet

RA

(OA)

RA RA

OA

CAISPRAOA

1

B

A

OA2

OA1RA1_1

RA1_2

RA1

OA1

OA2

ISP1

ISP2

RA2

OA2 OA1

OA1

OA2RA2

C

CA

32


OA RA

CA

RACA

IP

OA OA

OA

OA

IP

IP

IP

OA ( OA-Router-D)

IP

ID

IP

2.2

IP

IPv6 128

RA RA

(

Router-M)

n (Host ID)

HIP HIT

(128-n)

2

IPv6

IPv6

(DNS)

DNS

DNS

IP

DNS

DNS

RA-Router-M

OA 1

OA 2 OA 1

OA 1 OA

Transfer

OA 1

IPv6

MIPv6

128 IPv6

RAOA

RA+OAOA

OA

OA

3

2.3

RA

(DHT) RA

OA

RA

Router-MRouter-M

DHT

27Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


Host ID RA

RA OA

2

3

RA Host ID

n (128-n)

RA

n 64

OA

(64-n)

33


OA

RA Router-M

RA

OA

Router-M RA

2.4

2.4.1

(Host)

OA

OA

OA

OA

Register

(ID-H)OA

OA

DHT

Router-M

OA

OA

Put ACK

Register ACK

2.4.2

(CH)

OA

OA 1 OA

2 OA 1

OA 2 RA

RA RA

Router-M RA

RA

(1) OA 2

OA 2

(2)

OA

OA 2 Register

(3)OA 2 Register

OA 2

RA2Update

(4) RA 2 Update

Update

RA Router-M

RA RA RA

Update

(5) Router-M RA

RA Update

DHT

(6)Router-M Update

OA 1 Forward

OA 2

Forward

ID-H

(7) OA 1 Forward

Forward

OA 1

IP OA 1

OA 1

OA

Transfer

OA

2.5

DHT

(1)

(2)

OA

OA

OA

(3)

OA OA

OA

OA

OA

/ OA

28 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


34


(4)

3

RA OA

DHT

4

Internet

Internet

5

29Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


[1] PERKINS C. IP mobility support for IPv4 [R].IETF RFC 5944. 2010.

[2] JOHNSON D, PERKINS C, ARKKO J. Mobilitysupport in IPv6 [R]. IETF RFC 3775. 2004.

[3] GUNDAVELLI S, LEUNG K, DEVARAPALLI V,et al. Proxy mobile IPv6 [R]. IETF RFC 5213.2008.

[4] MERYER D, ZHANG L, FALL K. Report fromthe IAB workshop on routing and addressing[R]. IETF RFC 4984. 2007.

[5] BGP routing table analysis reports [R/OL].[2009-11-18]. http://bgp.potaroo.net/.

[6] HUSTON G. The BGP instability report [R/OL].[2009-11-18]. http://bgpupdates.potaroo.net/instability/bgpupd.html.

[7] MOSKOWITZ R, NIKANDER P, JOKELA P, etal. Host identity protocol [R]. IETF RFC 5201.2008.

[8] NORDMARK E, BAGNULO M. Shim6: Level 3multihoming shim protocol for IPv6 [R]. IETFRFC 5533. 2009.

[9] FARINACCI D, FULLER V, MEYER D, et al.Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) [R].IETF draft-ietf-lisp-09. 2010.

[10] VOGT C. Six/One: A solution for routing andaddressing in IPv6 [R]. IETFdraft-vogt-rrg-six-one-02. 2009.

[11] MENTH M, HARTMANN M, KLEIN D. Globallocator, local locator, and identifier split(GLI-split) [R] Technical Report 470.Wurzburg, Germany: University

of Wurzburg, 2010.[12] LAGANIER J, EGGERT L. Host Identity

Protocol (HIP) rendezvous extension [R].IETF RFC 5204. 2008.

[13] MEYER D, LEWIS D, FARINACCI D. LISPmobile node [R]. IETFdraft-meyer-lisp-mn-04.2010.

2011-01-12

PTN

L3 VPN

PTN

2G3G NGN

PTN L3 VPN MSTP

PTN

NetNumen

PTN

4 PTN L3 VPN

2G/3G LTE

SDHPTNMSTP

10

GE LTE

NetNumen

35


Security of the Next Generation InternetSecurity of the Next Generation Internet

/ZHANG Zhijiang/ZHANG Ni

(100033)

(China United Network CommunicationsCorporation Limited, Beijing 100140, China)

TP393.4 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0030-03

Security is of paramount importance for next generation Internet. This paper

introduces two approaches to security: incremental evolution and clean slate. These

approaches are currently in different phases. For incremental evolution, current

security technology and mechanisms are discussed as well as shortcomings. For the

clean slate approach, security requirements are discussed in detail and predictions

made about security features of the future Internet. Some deeper thoughts on future

Internet security are offered in conclusion.

next generation Internet; security; clean slate; future Internet

Keywords:

Abstract:

IPv4

[1]

[2]

(Clean

Slate)

[3]

IP

IPv6 IPv4

IP (IPsec)

IP

(MPLS)

IP (IMS)

IP

(Future Internet POST IP)

PlanetLab

GENIFIND FARA Fire

Akari

[4]

30 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


36


1

IPv6

IPv6 IPSec

IPsec

(AH)(ESP)

AH

()

()

3ESPAH

IPv6

IP

IPv6

IPv6

[5] IPv6

IPv6

Any-cast

Internet 6

(ICMPv6)

(SLAAC)

2

5

2.1

[4]

[4]

(1)

(2)

;(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(DDOS)

31Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


37


[6]

2.2

[7]TCP

(SMTP)

(BGP) BGP

BGP

BGP

(TCP) BGP

3

IP

(ATM)

IP

IP

(DNS)

40

4

27122710 817

20104

[1] , , . [J]. , 2008,31(9):1536- 1548.

[2] . [C]//, 2009 1129,.

[3] , , ,. IP [J]. , 2010, 25(1):55-63.

[4] , . [J]. , 2004,15(12):1815-1821.

[5] . [J]. , 2006(2):44-54.

[6] , , . [J]. ,2008,14(1):36-41.

[7] BELLOVIN S M, CLARK D D, PERRIG A, et al.A clean-slate design for the next-generationsecure Internet [R].GENI Design Documents,GDD-05-05. NSF Workshop Report. 2005.

2011-01-10

32 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


38


/TANG Xiongyan

( 100032)China Unicom Research InstituteBeijing100032,China

: IT

IT

IT

:

Abstract:Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) are impacting and bringing new

opportunities to traditional telecommunications. In the process of opening up telecom

service capabilities, telecom operators are converging the telecom cloud and IT cloud so that

collaboration is achieved between computing/storage resource and network resource. In

IoT, telecom operators must play a key role in the IoT industry chain by constructing IoT

operation support platforms and management systems. With emerging IT technologies,

telecom operators should insist on cooperation and openness and attach great importance

to standardization. They should work together with partners to create new development

space.

Keywords: cloud computing; Internet of Things; new generation IT technology; telecom

operation

Development Strategy of Cloud Computing and Internet of ThingsDevelopment Strategy of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things

TN929.5 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0033-04

IT

(M2M)

1 IT

2004

GDP 2009

4.1%2008

7.2%2007 10.9%

(ARPU)

2009 ARPU 77

2008 83 2007 89

ARPU 2008 63.6

2009 57.2 [1]

20042010

53%[2]

IT

3G


33Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

39


IT

2

2.1

2007

IT

IT

IT

IT

(IaaS)

(PaaS)(SaaS)

IT

Amazon

GoogleIBM

IT

IT

IT IT

AT&T 2008 8

SynapticHosting

Verizon 2009 6

BT 2009 7 MOS

2009 12 BT IPT

IP

2010 3 18 Orange

2008 5 IBM

2009

(IDC)

360

2008

IDC

2.2

2009

3

3

(RFID)

(M2M)

M2M

Forrester

2020

30:1 IDC

2020 500

2010

2 000 2015

7 500

30%

2008 IBM

2009

2009 2 17

2009

110

190

6.5 2009 6 18

4

U-Japan

U-Korea

OrangeVerizonVodafoneTelenor

M2M


34 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

40


2009 8

2009 11

2009 11

2010

3

3.1

[3]

(1)

IT IT

(BOSS)

(CRM)(ERP)

IT

(2)

(3)

IaaSPaaSSaaS(Xaas)

(4)

IT

/

(1)

(2)

(3)

IT

(4)

IT

IT

(5)

(6)

3.2

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) IT


35Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

41


[4]

(1)

M2M

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

IPv6

IPv4

IPv6

(6)

4

(1)

(2) IT

IT

IT

(3)

IT

(4)

IT

(5)

(1)

IPv4

IPv6

(2)

(3)

(4)

3G

5

4100

[1] 20109 [R]. . 2010.

[2] 2009-2010 [R]. .2010.

[3] . [C]// 2010, 2010325, .

[4] . [J]. , 2010 (6):37-40.

2011-01-18


36 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

42


Strategies for Increasing Broadband SpeedStrategies for Increasing Broadband Speed

:

FTTX

: (FTTH)(IPTV)

Abstract:Copper access networks no longer meet demands for broadband access, and

constructing optical fiber access networks have become the trend. This article

introduces advantages and disadvantages of various FTTX deployment strategies, and

discusses the basic models used in broadband access planning and construction. Fiber

optics can bring about an advanced, unified, scalable, and controllable broadband access

networks.

Keywords: increasing broadband speed; integration of telecom, radio and TV; Fiber To

The Home (FTTH); Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)

/LI Jiajing 100048(Beijing Telecom Planning & Design Institute Co.,

Ltd., Beijing 100048,China)

TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0037-06

37Apr 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

Internet

(VOD)

(DSL) Cable

(PON)

(FTTH)

2010 3

1

1.1

(IPTV)

2010


43


38 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

1.2

95%

50%

DSL DSL

DSL

1

10

DSL

DSL

2

(QoS)

2 Mbit/s

8 Mbit/s

4 Mbit/s

10 Mbit/s

2

24 Mbit/s

20 Mbit/s

16 Mbit/s

3D

50100 Mbit/s

2

3

DSL

(LAN)

EPONGPON

10G PON

[1-4]

3.1

(1)

(DSLAM)

(ADSL)

(P2P)

(P2MP)

P2PP2P

(FTTO)

1

/km

20 Mbit/s

0.5

820 Mbit/s

0.51

8 Mbit/s

11.5

4 Mbit/s

1.52

2 Mbit/s

22.5

1 Mbit/s

2.53

512 kbit/s

33.5

2

1 2 50100 Mbit/s

1

2

1

2

3

4

(femto WiFi) /

(Mbit/s)

8

4

8

8

2

2

IPTV /(8Mbit/s)

2

1

2

1

1

IPTV /(2Mbit/s)

2

1

2

1

1

1

/

(0.5 Mbit/s)

2

1

1

/(0.1 Mbit/s

)

2

1

1

/

(0.5 Mbit/s)

1

1

/(2 Mbit/s

)

1

1

/(Mbit/s)

()

14

6

4

2

1

0.5

/(Mbit/s)

()

32

16

20

16

10

4


44


P2MPP2MP

PON

(2)

FTTH

(FTTB) (FTTC)

(FTTV) FTTO FTTH

FTTO FTTC

FTTV

FTTHFTTB FTTC

FTTH

FTTBFTTB

xPON

(ONU)

100 m PON+LAN

10100 Mbit/s

FTTH

FTTCFTTC PON+xDSLDSLAM

(MSAG)

xDSL

FTTC

3.2

(1) FTTX

FTTH EPON

164

EPON

950 Mbit/s 900 Mbit/s

70%

20 Mbit/s

50 Mbit/s

GPON

GPON

2.4 Gbit/s

1.0 Gbit/s

50 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s

100 Mbit/s

50 Mbit/s

10G PON

200500 Mbit/s10G PON

(NGPON2)

FTTB FTTB

16 24 ONU

EPON

116 70%

35 Mbit/s

1015 Mbit/s

GPON

913 Mbit/s EPON

1020 Mbit/s

10G PON

PON

3050 Mbit/s

FTTC

PON + DSL

DSLAM FTTC

DSL

ADS2+

500 m()

ADSL2

20 Mbit/s 2.3 Mbit/s

VDSL2

60 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s

DSL

PON(ONU) GE(DSLAM)

Gbit/s

(2) FTTX

2010

ONU

DSLAM

1 000

(OLT)

1

3

39Apr 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


45


3G

(3) FTTX

FTTC>

FTTB>FTTH FTTB

4

FTTB/FTTC

FTTB

FTTC

3.3 FTTX

FTTH

FTTB FTTC

FTTC

PON FTTH

FTTB+LAN/DSL

ADSL

PON PON

500 m

PON+DSL FTTC

1 km FTTB/FTTC

10G EPONNG

PON

PONEOC

FTTX

FTTHFTTB

4 FTTH FTTB

FTTC

FTTH

(1) OLT

OLT

OLT

PON

EPON

PX20+ GPON Class B+

GPON Class C+

OLT

100200

PON

5 PON

5

PX20+ Class B+

1:64 5 km

OLT

5 km

OLT

OLT

PON

5 km

OLT

PON

1:128 32 dB

3 FTTX

DSLFTTH

DSLAM

LANOLT

ONUPON

FTTH

PON+LAN

PON+DSL

DSLAM

OLT /(/)

100

79

79

/(/)

100

18

28

18

/(/)

550

120

/(/)

490

//(/)

300

47

47

ONU/DSLAM/(/)

396

512

496

/(/)

1 240

913

666

561

4

FTTB FTTC FTTH ONUFTTH ONU

FTTX

/

/(/)

FTTH

3

3.11

FTTB

6

19.56

FTTC

5

10.8

40 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


46


PON

OLT

OLTOLT

2GE

2FE OLT

2

10 GE

(2) (POS)

PON

EPON PX20 + GPON

Class B+ 64

GPON Class C+ 128

PX20+Class B+

64

Class C+

128

POS

POS

POS

POS

POS

/

POS

POS

POS

(3) ()ONU

FTTH

ONU

ONU

ONU

5 EPONGPON PON

EPON GPON

(IEEE)

IEEE802.3 EPON

IEEE802.3ah

1.25 Gbit/s

(FSAN) GPON

(GFP)

GPON

2 488.32 Mbit/s 1 244.16 Mbit/s

EPONQoS T-Cont +

GEM_PORT + IEEE802.1P

EPON LLID + IEEE802.1P

GPON (TDM)

Native TDM

6

5 FTTH

5 km 1 dB510 km 2 dB10 km 3 dB

EPON PX20

EPON PX20+

GPON Class B+

GPON Class C

GPON Class C+

GPON Class C+

GPON Class C+

/dB

25

28

28

30

32

32

32

1N

32

64

64

64

128

64

32

/dB

1

1

1

2

1

3

3

/dB/km

0.36

0.36

0.36

0.36

0.36

0.36

0.36

/dB/

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

/

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

/dB/

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.08

/

4

4

4

4

3

4

14

/km

6.89

4.67

4.67

7.67

6.06

8.89

18.56

6 GPONEPON

CESDBAGEMGPONIETFITU

LLIDMEFOAMOMCIONTONU

PONQoS

TCONTTDM

PON // (Mbit/s)

/(164 FTTH )/(Mbit/s)

TDM

QoS

GPON(ITU-T G.984)

2 300 /1 100

1:64, 1:128

25 dB(PX20) 28 dB(PX20+)

36 /17

G.984.4OMCI

NativeTDM

GPON

DBA TCONT(5 )GEMport TCONTONU 8

TCONT TCONT 4

EPON(IEEE 802.3ah)

900/850

1:32, 1:64

28 dB(Class B+)32 dB(Class C+)

15 /14

OAM

(ITU-T Y.1413MEF IETF)

TDM

DBA LLIDONU1 LLIDQoS ONU,

LLID 8

41Apr 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172


47


GPON EPON

EPON GPON

EPONGPON EPON

EPON

EPON

10GEPON(IEEE 802.3av)

2009 9

(ODN)

EPON ONU FSAN

PON NG-PON1(10G GPON)

NG-PON2

NG-PON1

2010NG-PON1

ODN GPON ONU

NG-PON2 (WDM)

(OFDM)(CDMA)

GPON ODN

EPONGPON

FTTH TDM

GPON

FTTB/FTTC

FTTB/FTTC 10G PON

10G EPON

6

7 [1] IEEE Std 802.3av: 2009. Information

Technology-Telecommunications andInformation Exchange BetweenSystems-Local and Metropolitan Area

Networks-Specific Requirements, Part3:Carrier Sense Multiple Access with CollisionDetection(CSMA/CD) Access Method andPhysical Layer. Specifications Amendment1:Physical Layer Specification andManagement Parameters for 10Gb/s PassiveOptical Networks[S].2009.

[2] ITU-T G.987. 10-Gigabit-Capable PassiveOptical Network (XG-PON) Systems:Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms[S].2010.

[3] ITU-T G.987.2. 10-Gigabit-Capable PassiveOptical Networks (XG-PON): Physical MediaDependent (PMD) Layer Specification[S].2010.

[4] ITU-T G.987.3. 10-Gigabit-Capable PassiveOptical Networks(XG-PON): TransmissionConvergence (TC) Specifications[S].2010.

2010-11-23

42 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2


6

[1] WATTS D J, STROGATZ S H. Collectivedynamics of small-world networks [J].Nature,1998,393:440-442.

[2] The 100x100 Project [EB/OL]. [2010-12-29].http://100x100network.org/.

[3] 21CN Project [EB/OL]. [2010-12-29]. http://www.btglobalservices.com/business/global/news/2005/edition_1/21CN.html.

[4] WROCLAWSKI J. GENI: Global environmentfor network innovations [R/OL].[2010-12-29]. Using the Component andAggregate Abstractions in the GENIArchitecture, GDD-06-42(2006-12-19).http://www.geni.net.

[5] FIND: Future Internet Network Design [EB/OL]. [2010-12-29]. http://find.isi.edu.


[7] , . [J]. , 2007,35(4):593- 598.

[8] , , . [J]. , 2007,35(4):599-606.

[9] , , . [J]. , 2007,35(4):607-613.

2011-01-05

(973)

(973)

4

48


Open Architecture Design of Cloud ComputingOpen Architecture Design of Cloud Computing

/QIAN Yuming/LU Ping/ZHAO Pei 210012(Communication Service R&D Institute, ZTE Corporation, Nanjing 210012,China)

TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0043-06

IT

(IaaS)(PaaS)(SaaS)

Abstract: As the basis of IT infrastructure, cloud computing has to provide open

interface for widespread use otherwise it is just a dedicated system. This paper

discusses the implementation of open service from all levels of cloud computing

including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as

a Service (SaaS). Solutions are proposed for security and upgrading in an open service

environment. In conclusion it is proposed that open cloud computing can bring about

many development opportunities for traditional telecom services.

Keywords: cloud computing; open architecture; virtualization; block storage; object

storage

,

1 IaaS

1.1

VMWare

MicrosoftCitrix Xen/

KVM

(OVF)OVF

OVF

DellHPIBM VMware

Citrix OVF

1

OVF,

1.2

3

[1]


43Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

49


RedHat GFSIBM GPFS

SUN Luster

Google GFS

HDFSKFS

Ext3

Posix

(NFS)

(FTP)

(DNS) IP

1.3

WEB (HTTP)

(OBS)

(SAN)

(NAS)

2

PB

(OSD)

OSD

()

ID (OSD)

3 OSD

4

/

Amazon (S3)

S3

WebService RESTful

OVF

1 OVF

2

/


44 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

50


1.4

4

[2]

[3-4]

5

1.5 IaaS

(1)

(2)

3

4

NAS

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

2

1

NAS NAS1G

1G

1G


45Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

51


(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

HP

2 PaaS

2.1

(IDC) [5]

Amazon (EC2)

(SSH)

3

SSH

(RDP)

2.2

(API)[6]

Google

API

Mashup Yahoo

PipeGoogle Mashup Editor

Popfly

[7]

6

2.3

(ERP)(CRM)

Google App EngineSaleforce force.

com ebay

eBay 45%

2.4


46 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

52


6

7

2.5

3

[8]

ID

8

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

DB

DB

Squid

1

2

2

1

7

1

2

1

2

1


47Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

53


(7)

3 SaaS

Force.com CRM

Salesforce

Force.com

2009

Force.com

(VAR) VAR

IT

Force.com

Force.com

Force.com

500

VAR

Force.com

Force.com

12 Force.com

9

4

IaaS OVF

PaaS

SaaS

5 [1] .[M]. :,2010.[2] . [EB/

OL].(2010-01-12).http://virtual.51cto.com/art/200901/106039.htm

[3] FACTOR M, METH K, NAOR D,et al. ObjectStorage: The Future Building Block forStorage Systems[C]// Local to Global DataInteroperability-Challenges andTechnologies: Proceedings of the 2ndInternational IEEE Symposium on MassStorage Systems and Technologies(MMST05), Jun 20-24,2005, Sardinia, Italy.Washington, DC, USA : IEEE ComputerSociety, 2005:119-123.

[4] SNIA-Storage Networking IndustryAssociation.OSD: Object Based StorageDevices Technical Work Group[EB/OL].http://www.snia.org/tech _ activities/workgroups/osd/.

[5] ,.[J].,2009,15(4):1-4.

[6] .[J].,2009(4):238.

[7] .SAML[C]//19(CACIS2008),2008 715-20,.

[8] KING. SalesforceForce[N]. ,2008-01-19.

2010-11-25

ZXJ108

8

IMSIP

9

IMS

Rest


48 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

54


WidgetWidget

Differences between Mainstream Standards and Platforms for Mobile WidgetsDifferences between Mainstream Standards and Platforms for Mobile Widgets/JIA Xia 1,/WANGWei 1 , /YI Ning 21. 2100122. 100876(1. ZTE Corporation, Nanjing 210012, China;2. Beijing University of Posts and Telecom, Beijing 100876, China)

TP393 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0049-03

Widget

Widget

Widget Widget

Widget Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

Abstract: Ease of development and deployment, personalization, interactivity, and

reduced consumption of flow are driving the rapid development of widgets in mobile

networks. However, manufacturers are using different standards and incompatible

expansions which means mobile widges are not fully compatible across different

platforms. As a result, the development of mobile widgets is greatly restricted. This

paper compares mainstream standards and platforms for mobile widgets and analyzes

the differences. It provides a basis for developing and running mobile widgets that are

compatible across different mainstream platforms.

Keywords:Mobile Widget; standards; compatibility

Widget Widget

Widget

[1]

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

[2]

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

1 Widget

1.1 Widget

Widget

(W3C)

W3C Widget 1.0

(JIL) JIL Widget

(OMTP)

BONDI

(CCSA)Widget

W3C Widget 1.0 W3C

Widget W3C

Widgets 1.0: The WidgetLandscape

Widgets 1.0: RequirementsWidgets 1.0: Packaging and

Configuration

Widgets 1.0: Digital SignatureWidgets 1.0: Automatic UpdatesWidgets 1.0: APIs and Events1

JIL

Widget

(API) API

JIL

API

(BAE)

JIL Widget

JIL

Widget ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

49Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

55


BONDI OMTP

Widget

APIBONDI

Widget API[3] BONDI

BONDI

Widget W3C

BONDI

CCSAWidget

Widget

[4]

CCSA

Widget

1.2 Widget

Widget

API

(1)

W3C Widgets 1.0 Widget

API JIL

Widget API

BONDI Widget

API

(2) W3C

Widgets 1.0 JIL

BONDI

Widget

APICCSA

(3) API W3C

Widget 1.0 API

openURI JIL

APIBONDI W3C

Widget API

API

(4)

W3C Widgets 1.0

APIJIL

10

JIL Widget

BONDI

LiMo

CCSA

(5)

W3C Widgets 1.0d

OperaVodafoneNokiaPalm

Windows Mobile JIL

LGRIM

Samsung Limo Sharp OPhone

Windows MobileS60

BONDI

NF Widgets CCSA

(6) W3C

Widgets

1.0: Digital SignatureJIL

API BONDI

Widgets 1.0

JIL[5]

W3C

Widget Widget

API

W3C Widget API

Widget

Widget

OMTPCCSA

JIL

Widget

JIL

API OMTP

Widget

APIWidget

Widget

2 Widget

2.1 Widget

Widget

Widget

(RIA)

WEB

1

RIA Widget

JavaFX mobile Flash Lite

Widget

Widget

Web Widget

HTML

(CSS)

API CSS DOM IDL

1 W3C

CSS DOM AJAX SON ECMAScript Web IDL Web

API

1 Widget

RIA

RIA

Adobe AIRMicrosoftSilverlight

WEB

Nokia S60 WRTMotorola WebUIWM IE MobileAccess NetFrontOpera Mobile BAE

Webwag Mobile Samsung TouchWiz

Android


50 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

56


Javascript

Widget

WEB

Web Widget

Widget

Google Android Widget

Widget

Google Android Java

Android Widget

WEB

2.2 Widget

Widget Widget

Widget

Widget [6]

Widget

3

(1) Widget

Widget

(2)

Widget HTML/CSS/

JavaScript

XML

(3)

Widget

ZIP Widget

Zip

Widget

Web

2.3 Widget

Widget

Widget

WEB

W3C Widget Nokia

S60Windows Mobile Opera

Widget Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

BAE

SymbianWindows Mobile

(OMS)

BAE Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

3

Widget

API

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

Widget

4 [1] , , . Mobile Widget

[J]. , 2009,25(5): 17-21.

[2] . Widget[J]. , 2009, 33(3): 101-104.

[3] BONDI 1.1 Approved Release[EB/OL].(2009-02-10). http://bondi.omtp.org/1.1/.

[4] , , ,. Widget[J]. , 2009(11): 52-56.

[5] JIL versus BONDI[EB/OL]. [2009-11-09].http://dabase.com/blog/JIL_versus_BONDI/.

[6] . Widget[J]. , 2009, 33(11): 17-21.

2011-01-23

4

Widget

Widget


51Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

A1-A5

57


Adaptive Multi-Antenna TechnologyAdaptive Multi-Antenna Technology

:

(BF)(CDD)(SD)(SM)

:

Abstract: Multi-antenna technology can be implemented in several modesand

different modes have different characteristics and are used in different scenarios. This

paper introduces beamforming(BF), Cyclic Delay Diversity(CDD), Space Diversity(SD),

Spatial Multiplexing(SM), and other multimode antenna technologies. It also analyses

various technical features and their application scenarios. A self-adaptive

multi-antenna switching algorithm is proposed that is capable of choosing a suitable

mode for sending data according to the scenario or wireless channel conditions. This

switching algorithm improves multi-antenna technology and enhances the quality of

wireless network communications.

Key words: BF; CDD; SD; SM; adaptive mode switch

/XIAO Huahua/ZHU Dengkui

/HU Liujun( ,

518004(Wireless Technology Preresearch Dept.,ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen 518004,China)

TN929.5 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0052-04

(2009ZX03003)

[1]

[2][3][4-6]

[7]

1

(1)

1

(2)

1

(MIMO)

(3)

(BF)

2

S1

S

1 2 2

-s2*,s1

-s1*,s2

(a) (b)

s1

s2


52 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

58


(4) MIMO+BF

BF

BF

BF

MIMO [8-9]

(SDBF)

(SMBF)

3 4

2

2

(5)

(CDD)

(OFDM) [10]

OFDM

4 S1

i i

i=1,2,3,41

0 CDD

(6) CDD +MIMO

CDD

MIMO

[11-12]

(SDCDD)

(SMCDD)

5 4

2

CDD

2 (1)

IEEE 802.16e[4] 4

1

BLAST [7]

Alamouti

(OFDMA) i

k

BF wi(k), i =1,2,3,4

0.5

NF IFFT

k 1 CDD

i =1,2,3,4

S1,S2,S3,S4

(2)

BFSD

BFSMBF

CDDSDCDDSM

CDD

SMBFSMCDD

2 4 2

BF SD SM S

S

3 4 2

CDD S

4 4 2CDD

S1

S1*,S2

(a) SD+BF

S2

(b) SM+BF

S1-S2*,S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

1

2

3

4

Di (k) =0.5e- j (2k(i ))

NF

[3]


53Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

59


BFSDBF

CDDSDCDD

SDBFSDCDD

11BFCDD

1

MIMO

4

812

2

(3)

CDDSDCDDSMCDD

BFSD BF

SMBF

3

[13]

3

[14]

[15]

3 BF (BFSD

BFSMBF)CDD

(CDDSDCDDSMCDD)

BFCDD

CDD SD SM S

5 4 2CDDMIMO

1

2

BF CDD MIMO SD SM

/

/

/

MIMO

/

BF

2/4/8

1/2

1

SD+BF

4/8

1/2

1

SM+BF

4/8

2

2

CDD

2/4/8

1/2

1

SD+CDD

4/8

1/2

1

SM+CDD

4/8

2

2

BF CDD SD SM

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

BF

2

w1(k)s2

w2(k)s2

w3(k)s2

w4(k)s2

CDD

2

D1(K)S2

D2(K)S2

D3(K)S2

D4(K)S2

1

w1(k)s1

w2(k)s1

w3(k)s1

w4(k)s1

1

D1(K)S1

D2(K)S1

D3(K)S1

D4(K)S1

SDBF

2

w1(k)s2*

w2(k)s2*

w3(k)s1*

w4(k)s1*

SDCDD

2

D1(K)S2*

D2(K)S2*

D3(K)S1*

D4(K)S1*

1

w1(k)s1

w2(k)s1

w3(k)s2

w4(k)s2

1

D1(K)S1

D2(K)S1

D3(K)S2

D4(K)S2

SMBF

2

w1(k)s3

w2(k)s3

w3(k)s4

w4(k)s4

SMCDD

2

D1(K)S3

D2(K)S3

D3(K)S4

D4(K)S4

1

w1(k)s1

w2(k)s1

w3(k)s2

w4(k)s2

1

D1(K)S1

D2(K)S1

D3(K)S2

D4(K)S2

-S2*,S1

-S2*,S1

S1*,S2

S1*,S2

1

2

1

2

S1

S1

S2

S2

1

2

1

2

(a) SD+CDD (B) SM+CDD

t2 t1


54 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

60


6

BF

CDD

BF

SMBFSDBFBF

CDD

SMCDD

SDCDDCDD

4

5

3

BF CDD SD SM

6

BF

SD+BF SM+BF

BF

CDD

SD+CDD SM+CDD

CDD

BF CDD SD SM

BF

SD+BF

SM+BF

CDD

SD+CDD

SM+CDD

[1] Combination of MIMO and BeamformingTechnology for WIMAX[EB/OL]. http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/en/solutions/wireless/wimax/200912/t20091218_178788.html.

[2] KOBAYASHI M, CAIRE G, GESBERT D.Transmit Diversity Versus OpportunisticBeamforming in Data Packet MobileDownlink Transmission[J]. IEEE Transactionson Communications, 2007,55(1): 151-157.

[3] SADEQUE A, SAQUIB M. Delay Diversity forCorrelated MIMO Channel[C]// Proceedingsof the 2009 International Waveform Diversityand Design ConferenceWD&D'09,Feb8-13, 2009, Kissimmee, FL,USA.Piscatawaw,NJ,USA:IEEE,2009:302-306.

[4] IEEE Std 802.16e- Rev2-D8. IEEEStandard for Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks, Part 16: Air Interface for FixedBroadband Wireless Access Systems[S].2008.

[5] ZHANG Lizhong,TSE D N C. Diversity andMultiplexing: A Fundamental Tradeoff inMultiple Antenna Channels[J]. IEEETransactions on Information Theory,2003,49(5):1073-1096.

[6] ALAMOUTI S M. A Simple Transmit DiversityTechnique for Wireless Communications[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas inCommunications, 1998, 16(8): 1451-1458.

[7] GOLDEN G D,FOSCHINI C J,VALENZUELA RA,et al. Detection Algorithm and InitialLaboratory Results Using V-BLASTSpace-Time Communication Architecture[J].Electronics Letters,1999, 35(1): 14 - 16.

[8] MENG Weixiao, GU Lei, LI Cheng. The

Combined Beamforming and Space-TimeBlock Coding Technique for DownlinkTransmission[C]// Proceedings of the 2005International Conference on WirelessNetworks, Communications and MobileComputing (WirelessCom05):Vol 1, Jun13 - 16, 2005 Maui, HI, USA. Piscatawaw,NJ,USA:IEEE, 2005:481-486.

[9] KIM I, LEE K, CHUN J. A MIMO AntennaStructure That Combines TransmitBeamforming and Spatial Multiplexing[J].IEEE Transactions on WirelessCommunications,2007,6(3): 775-779.

[10] .OFDM[J].:,2003.

[11] YUEN C, WU Y, SUN S. Four TransmitDiversity Schemes for Coded OFDMSystems with Four Transmit Antennas[J].Journal of Communications, 2008,3(4): 1-7.

[12] RAHMAN M I, DAS S S, DE CARVALHO E,et al. Spatial Multiplexing in OFDM Systemswith Cyclic Delay Diversity[C]// Proceedingsof the 65rd Vehicular TechnologyConference (VTC-Spring07), Apr 22-25,2007, Dublin,Iseland. Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2007:1491-1495.

[13] , . [J]. , 2010,16(6):16-19.

[14] , , . [J]. , 2010,16(6): 04-07.

[15] , , . ZP-CI/OFDM [J]. ,2010,16(6): 20-23.

2010-11-25


55Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

30

MIMO WiMAXLTE

OFDMMIMO

80

61


22

TN929.11 A 1009-6868 (2011) 02-0056-05

3 1

23

[]

210003

5

(ITU-T)

5.1 ITU-T

ITU-T SG15 Q13

G.826x

G.827x

[1] 1

1

ITU-T G.8260

G.8261G.8262 G.8264

G.8260

(PDV)

G.8261

(TDM)

BCPDV

PRTCPTP

TC

1 ITU-T SG15 Q13

G.8265.2( PTP )

G.8265.1( PTP )

G.8275.2(/ PTP )

G.8275.1(/ PTP )

G.8265()

G.8264(SyncE )

G.8275()

G.8263(G.paclock-bis-Packet)

G.8262(SyncE )

G.8261.1( PDV)

G.8261(SyncE )

G.8273(BCTC)

G.8272(PRTC)

G.8271.2()

G.8271.1(/ PDV)

G.8260()

G.8261()

G.8271(/)

ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL

56 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

62


G.8262

(EEC)

G.8262 TDM

TDM

G.8264

(SSM)

SSM

[2-4]

5.2

(1)

E1/T1

/ (SDH/

SONET)

TDM

EEC

2

SDH/SONET

(PRC) EEC

(SSU) 3

PRC

SDH/SONET

(G.803) PRC SSU

SSU SSU

SDH (SEC)

20PRC

SSU 10EEC

60

10~15

EEC SSU

(2)

TDM

SSM

(QL)

QL_PRC

SDH

QL_SECG.8264

2 QL_ECC1

QL_ECC2 ECC

ECC

G.8262

SDH/SONET SSM

STM-N/OC-N SSM

SSM

(ESMC)

ESMC ITU-T

IEEE 802.3

(OSSP)

1

2

TLV

2 (T)

(L) SSM (V) SSM 4

0AH QL_EEC2 0BH

QL_EEC1 1

1

1

(3) SDH

SDH/SONET

2

EECPRC

SSU

1 ESMC

EEC

PRC

EEC

SSU

EEC

SSU

EEC EEC

EEC EEC

EEC

ESMC ITU MAC SSM

ITU

ITU

6

6

2

1

3

2

4

1

3

3

36 ~1 490

4

01-80-C2-00-00-02 h

MAC

88-09 h

0A h

00-19-A7 h

01 h

01 h

0 SSM1

-

-

( 2)

-


57Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

63


SDH/SONET

SDH

EEC SEC

3

3 (H) SEC

EEC

SECEEC SSU

SECEEC SSU

6 IEEE 1588IEEE 1588

2002

2008 [5-6]

IEEE 1588

(PTP)

[7] 2009

YD/T 2022

6.1 IEEE 1588

IEEE 1588 PTP

PTP

PTP

(OC)

(BC)(TC)

PTP

PTP

PTP PTP

PTP

(GMC)

(UTC)

PTP GMC

GMC

PTP

BC BC

GMC

BC

4

IEEE 1588

PTP

PTP

PTP

PTP

10

(1) (Sync)

(2) (Follow_Up)

(3) (Delay_Req)

(4) (Delay_Resp)

Delay_Resp

3 (H)

4 2PTP IEEE 1588

GMC OC PTP M S

2 ESMC

SSM ESMC

SSM

1

2

4

4

01 h

04 h

0

SSM

SEC

PRC

SEC

SSU

EEC

SSU

SEC SEC

H EEC

EEC

EECPRCSECSDH

SSUH

/OCS

/OCS

/OCS

M

M

M

SGMC M

PTP 1 PTP 2


58 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

64


(5) (PDelay_Req)

(6)

(Pdelay_Resp_Follow_Up)

(7) (PDelay_Resp)

(8)

(9) PTP

(10)

(1)~(4)

PTP

6.2

PTP

5

2 s

(TM)

(TS)

TM

TM

6

4~60 s

6.3

IEEE 1588

PTP

IEEE 1588

5 PTP

TS TM

TS TM

6 PTP

=TS1-TM1-Delay=1 002-1 051-0=-49

TM1=1 051 s

TM2=1 053 s

TS=1 001 s

TS1=1 052 s

=TS-=TS-(-49)

TS=1 052 s

TS2=1 053 s

(=1 S)

=TS2-TM2-Delay=1 053-1 053-0=0

=TS-=TS-0

TS2TM2 5

TM=1 081 s

TM5=1 085 s

TM4=1 083 s

TM3=1 082 s

(=1 S)

(TS2-TM2)+(TM3-TS3)2

TS3=1 080 s

=TS-=TS-(-1)

=TS4-TM4-Delay=1 083-1 083-1=-1

TS=1 082 s

TS4=1 083 s

TS=1 085 s

TS5=1 086 s

=TS5-TM5-Delay=1 086-1 085-1=0

Delay=

=0+(1 082-1 080)/2=1


59Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2 20114 172

65


50 30 SCI/EI

LTE 12 5 SCI/EI318

SCIEI40 84

()

(MAC) IEEE

1588

63

3 1

2

PTP

PTP

ITU-T G.8265.1/2 G.8275.1/2

IEEE PC37.238

PTP

IEEE 802.1AS AVB

PTP IETF TICTOC

MPLS PTP

6.4 IEEE 1588

IEEE 1588

TDM

IEEE 1588

TDM

IEEE 1588

IEEE 1588

10 ns

IEEE 1588

100 ns

IEEE 1588

2007

4

IEEE 1588

120 ns

1 ns

2[8]

IEEE 1588

7

3 IEEE 1588

4 IEEE 1588

[1] FERRANT J L,RUFFINI S. Q13 StandardsUpdates[R]. IETF 79/TICTOC.2010.

[2] ITU-T G.8261/Y.1361. Timing andSynchronization Aspects in Packet Networks[S]. 2006.

[3] ITU-T G.8262/Y.1362. Timing Characteristicsof Synchronous Ethernet Equipment SlaveClock (EEC) [S]. 2007.

[4] ITU-T G.8264/Y.1364. Distribution of TimingInformation through Packet Networks [S].2008.

[5] IEEE 1588. IEEE Standard for a PrecisionClock Synchronization Protocol forNetworked Measurement and ControlSystems[S]. 2008

[6] Harris K R, Balasubramanian S, MoldavanskyA. The Application of IEEE 1588 to aDistributed Motion Control System [EB/OL].

http://www.ab.com/networks/ethernet/get/AMotionControlApplicationUsing1588.pdf.

[7] MILLER D. DP83640 synchronous Ethernetmode: Achieving Sub-Nanosecond Accuracyin PTP Applications[R]. NationalSemiconductor Application Note 1730.2007

[8] . PTN [J]. , 2010, 16(3):35-39.

2011-01-20

OXCO

OXCO

OXCO

OXCO

OXCO

OXCO

-2.148 ns

-543 ps

319 ps

784 ps

5.237 ns

9.527 ns

80.6 ps

77.5 ps

48.3 ns

119.25 ns

900 ps

700 ps

OXCO

MAC

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

0~255

0~255

00 ~FF h 20 h10 s IEEE 1588 6

0~255

MAC


60 20114 172 Apr. 2011 Vol.17 No.2

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