00 bookjob.vn tim hieu ve tong dai axe 2169

8/6/2019 00 Bookjob.vn Tim Hieu Ve Tong Dai AXE 2169

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LI CM N !O

Sau 5 nm hc tp v nghin cu ti Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng,em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy, c tn tnh ch dn, truyn t cho em nhng kinthc, kinh nghim qu bu, lm nn tng cho cng vic sau ny .

Em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc anh, chi vin thng Ph Lm, tnh Ph Yn

c bit l cc anh chti to mi iu kin thun li v ti liu cng nh l v quanst thc tin sinh ng, gip em c c nhng hiu bit thc t, mmang kin thc.

Em xin chn thnh cm n thy on Nht Vnh, ngi trc tip hng dn em thchin ti, gip em t ti liu cho n phng php nghin cu, cch vit lun vn. y lnhng kinh nghim v cng qu gi i vi em.

Xin chn thnh cm n nhng ngi bn, nhng ngi st cnh cng em trong sutqung ng i hc.

Ph lm, Ngy 17 Thng 12 Nm 2007

Sinh vin :Dng Hu Lun


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LI NI U

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Hin nay, mng li vin thng Vit Nam c u ttrang b cc chng loithit b vin thng rta dng vmt cng ngh. Cc h thng thuc cng mt phmvi cng nghu c cc tnh nng k thut cbn cn tng ng. Tuy nhin ccchng loi thit bc thit kbi cc hng vin thng khc nhau v ngay c cc thh thit b ca cng mt nh sn xut cng c cc ntc trng ring bit. Nghin cucu trc h thng, tnh nng kthut, nguyn l hotng ca thit bt tm rac gii php tt nht cho vic vn hnh, khai thc v bo dng h thng l mtcng vic cn c u tthch ng i vi nh qun l v ngi sdng thit b.

Mc d mi mt thit b vin thng c cung cp bi nh sn xut bao gicngc ti liu hng dn khai thc km theo, nhng a s cc thng tin trong ti liuc trnh by trn quan im khi qut ha .Chnh v l m lun vn Tm hiu

phn cng v vn iu hnh bo dng tng i AXE 810 mun xy dng chng ta c ci nhn c thhn vcu trc phn cng tng khi chc nng v quitrnh vn hnh ,khai thc, bo dng tng i AXE 810- mt tng i thh mi ca

Ericsson.

Lun vn Tm hiu phn cng v vn iu hnh bo dng tng i AXE810 ny l kt qu ca qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu ti Hc Vin Cng Ngh

Bu Chnh Vin Thng II, v thi gian thc tp tt nghip ti tng i Bu in tnhPh Yn. Lun vn ny trnh by cc ni dung sau:

Nghin cu cu trc tng qut ca i AXE 810, thy c mt su im ni

bt ca i AXE 810. Nghin cu cu trc phn cng tng i AXE 810 qua cc khi chc nng :

iu khin, xut nhp, chuyn mch v giao tip.

Nghin cu cc cng vic lin quan n vn iu hnh bo dng tng i.

Trong qu trnh thc hin lun vn di sgip tn tnh ca thyon NhtVinh , cng vi cc bn trong lp gp xy dng. n nay tuy lun vn honthnh nhng v thi gian c hn v trnh cn nhiu mt hn chnn lun vn khtrnh khi nhng sai st. Do vy rt mong sgp v thng cm ca qu thy c.

Em xin chn thnh cm n tt c cc thy c gio trng Hc Vin Cng NghBu Chnh Vin Thng.c bit l thyon Nht Vinh chbo tn tnh cho emtrong thi gian lm lun vn tt nghip. Cm n cc bn trong lp gp thm hon thnh lun vn.


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MC LC

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Chng 1: GII THIU TNG QUT

1.1.LCH SPHT TRIN H THNG AXE.......................................................... 11.2.NG DNG CA TNG I AXE ................................................................... 2

1.3.CU TRC TNG QUT................................................................................... 41.3.1.Cu trc chung ca h thng AXE .................................................................. 41.3.2.Cu trc h thng tng i AXE 810 .............................................................. 6

1.4.NHNG TIN B CA AXE 810 SO VI I TH H TRC...................... 8

Chng 2: PHN CNG TNG I AXE 810

2.1.KHI IU KHIN APZ....................................................................................112.1.1 Phn cp x l trong AXE ............................................................................ 112.1.2.Khi x l trung tm CPS............................................................................. 12

2.1.2.1.SPU (Signal Processor Unit): ................................................................. 132.1.2.2.IPU (Instruction Processor Unit): ........................................................... 132.1.2.3.B phn iu khin Bus x l vng (RPH)............................................. 142.1.2.4.n v bo dng (MAU) ...................................................................... 152.1.2.5.MAI (Maintenance Unit Interface) ......................................................... 15

2.1.2.6.Khi ngun (POWC).............................................................................. 152.1.2.7.CP BUS.................................................................................................. 152.1.2.8.CP-RP Comunication (RBB-S) .............................................................. 152.1.2.9.Nguyn l hot ng ca b x l trung tm CPU.................................. 16

2.1.3. B x l vng RP (Regional Processor ) ...................................................... 172.1.3.1Cc chc nng ca RP............................................................................. 172.1.3.2.Cu trc ca RP...................................................................................... 17

2.1.4. Biu khin thit b (DP: Device processor) ............................................................19

2.2.KHI XUT NHP IOG 20C.............................................................................212.2.1.Cc chc nng ca khi IOG 20 C ................................................................ 212.2.2. Cu trc phn cng chnh: ........................................................................... 212.2.3.Cc phn h trong IOG 20C.......................................................................... 22

2.2.3.1.SPS (h thng x l h tr): ................................................................... 222.2.3.2.MCS (h thng giao tip ngi v my): ................................................ 242.2.3.3.FMS (h thng qun l File):.................................................................. 242.2.3.4.DCS (h thng giao tip d liu): ........................................................... 24

2.2.4.Giao tip cnh bo h thng .......................................................................... 264.1.3. Nguyn l khi phc li h thng................................................................. 27


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2.3.KHI CHUYN MCH APT .............................................................................282.3.1 Chc nng cbn ca khi chuyn mch...................................................... 282.3.2.Cu trc chuyn mch ..........................................................................................................28

2.3.2.1.Nguyn l chuyn mch thi gian TSM.................................................. 282.3.2.2.Nguyn l chuyn mch khng gian (SPM)............................................ 302.3.2.3.Chuyn mch nhm GSS........................................................................ 312.3.2.4.S an ton ca chuyn mch................................................................... 32

2.3.3.M t phn cng ca b chuyn mch trong tng i AXE 810.................... 332.3.3.1.Chc nng ca GEM:............................................................................. 332.3.3.2.Chc nng tng card trong GEM:........................................................... 34

2.3.3.2.a.Card SCB-RP (Support and Connection Board): .............................. 342.3.3.2.b.Card CGB (Clock Generation Board):.............................................. 342.3.3.2.c.Card IRB (Incoming Reference Board): ........................................... 35

2.3.3.2.d.Card DLEB (Digital Link Extension Board): ................................... 352.3.3.2.e.Card CDB (Clock Distribution Board): ............................................ 352.3.3.2.f.Card XDB (Swiching Distribution Board): ....................................... 35

2.3.4. Ma trn chuyn mch................................................................................... 36

2.4.KHI TRUNG K V BO HIU TSS .............................................................402.4.1.Cc chc nng ca TSS : .............................................................................. 402.4.2.Cu trc phn cng v cc khi chc nng ca TSS: .................................... 40

2.4.2.1Cc giao tip trong GMD: ....................................................................... 40

2.4.2.2.Cu trc phn cng cc khi chc nng ca TSS:................................... 412.4.2.2.a.DLHB(Digital Link Multiplexer Half Height Board): ...................... 412.4.2.2.b.ETC(Exchange Terminal Circuit): ................................................... 422.4.2.2.c.PDSPL(Pooled Digital Signalling Processor, Low capacity platformboard):............................................................................................................ 422.4.2.2.d.PCD-D(Pulse Code Modulation Device-Digital):............................. 42

2.4.2.3.Cc khi phn mm chc nng thc hin nhim v bo hiu.................. 432.4.3.TSS v bo hiu knh ring CAS:................................................................. 44

2.4.4. TSS v bo hiu knh chung C7: ................................................................. 452.5. KHI GIAO TIP THU BAO SSS ..................................................................47

2.5.1. Cc chc nng cbn .................................................................................. 472.5.2. Thng tin gia EMRP (RSS) v b x l trung tm (CP) ca tng i ......... 482.5.3. Khi giao tip thu bao gn(CSS) ................................................................ 502.5.4. Tng qut khi giao tip thu bao EAR ...................................................... 50

2.5.4.1.Cu trc phn cng ca EAR 910........................................................... 512.5.4.1.a.TAU (Test, Maintenance and Administration Unit).......................... 51

2.5.4.1.b.AUS (Access Unit Switch)............................................................... 542.5.4.1.c.AU (Access Units) ........................................................................... 56Khi giao tip thu bao tng t AU PSTN................................................ 56


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3.3.6.Qui trnh nh ngha Annoucement Route ( route thng bo):.......................1103.3.7.Qui trnh o lu lng (Traffic Measent):.....................................................1113.3.8.Qui trnh t cu hnh File truy xut d liu o thng k : ............................1123.3.9.Qui trnh truy xut d liu o thng k : .......................................................1133.3.10.Qui trnh truy xut d liu cc .................................................................113

3.4. MT S QUI TRNH BO DNG TNG I AXE 810. ..........................1143.4.1.Cc cng vic gim st nh k....................................................................1143.4.2.Qui trnh x l s c thu bao......................................................................1163.4.3.Gim st ROUTE (Ruote Supervision): .......................................................1173.4.4.Kim tra v x l trung k: ..........................................................................1183.4.5.Qui trnh x l s c CP, RP, EM v EMG:.................................................1183.4.6.Qui trnh x l hin tng treo kt ni trong h thng: ................................1193.4.7.Qui trnh thay th bo mch...........................................................................1193.4.8.Qui trnh x l khn cp bng cng tc reset trn t IOG:............................1213.4.9.V sinh cng nghip phng my, thit b .....................................................122


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DANH MC HNH

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Hnh 1.1: Mt v d v s tng kh nng x l qua cc i APZ 212 .......................... 2

Hnh 1.2: Kh nng ng dng ca i AXE ................................................................ 3

Hnh 1.3: Phn cp AXE cc mc chc nng ........................................................... 5

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc phn cng ca i AXE 810.......................................................... 6

Hnh 1.5: Cu trc tng qut ca i AXE 810............................................................. 8

Hnh 1.6: Mt su im ca i AXE 810 so vi th h trc.................................. 9

Hnh 1.7 : Kh nng x l ca CP gia cc h............................................................10

Hnh 1.8: Kh nng chuyn mch ca h thng qua cc th h...................................10Hnh 2.1: Phn cp x l............................................................................................11

Hnh 2.2: Cu trc ca APZ 212 33 C........................................................................12

Hnh 2.3: Bus ni tip RPH........................................................................................14

Hnh 2.4: S kt ni gia RPH v CPU.................................................................14

Hnh 2.5: Nguyn l pht hin v sa li h thng......................................................16

Hnh 2.6: Thng tin gia CP-RP-EM .........................................................................18

Hnh 2.7: S khi ca RP. .....................................................................................19

Hnh 2.8: Quan h gia EMRP v DP ........................................................................19

Hnh 2.9: Cu trc phn cng ca IOG 20 C. .............................................................22

Hnh 2.10: Cc h thng con ca IOG 20C ................................................................23

Hnh 2.11: Cc cng truy xut ca card LUM. ...........................................................25

Hnh 2.12: M t bng cnh bo i AXE 810............................................................26

Hnh 2.13: Nguyn l phc hi h thng khi li xy ra ...............................................27

Hnh 2.14: Nguyn l chuyn mch ba tng T-S-T.....................................................28

Hnh 2.15: Cc b nhthoi v b nhiu khin trong TSM...................................29

Hnh 2.16: Cch b tr cc b nhthoi v iu khin ...............................................29

Hnh 2.17: im kt cui mng chuyn mch (SNTP) ...............................................30

Hnh 2.18: Module chuyn mch khng gian, SPM....................................................30

Hnh 2.19: M t cc device kt ni ti ......................................................................32

Hnh 2.20: M t nguyn l s dng Plane Select Bit.................................................32


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Hnh 2.21 : Subrack GEM..........................................................................................33

Hnh 2.22: GEM v phn giao tip.............................................................................34

Hnh 2.23 : Mch to xung ng h ...........................................................................35

Hnh 2.24: Cc cng ca card XDB ...........................................................................36

Hnh 2.25: Ma trn chuyn mch 32 GEM.................................................................36

Hnh 2.26: Cch ni cc phn t trong mng chuyn mch 32 GEM..........................37

Hnh 2.27: u ni CDB vi XDB trong cu hnh


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Hnh 2.51: Kch thc vt l subrack. ........................................................................66

Hnh 2.52: Lp t qut thng gi trong t .................................................................66

Hnh 2.53: Ngn cp nhn t trn xung.....................................................................67

Hnh 2.54: Cp c ni t k cp.............................................................................67

Hnh 2.55: S phn phi ngun .............................................................................68

Hnh 2.56: Phn phi ngun n tng subrack ...........................................................68

Hnh 2.57: S lp t tng i AXE 810 lng chuyn mch 32KMup.................69

Hnh 2.58: Subrack IOG 20C .....................................................................................70

Hnh 2.59: Subrack APZ 212 33C..............................................................................70

Hnh 2.60: Surack GEM.............................................................................................71

Hnh 2.61: Subrack GDM ..........................................................................................72

Hnh 3.1: Bo dng phng nga v sa cha ...........................................................76

Hnh 3.2: Bo dng tng.....................................................................................76

Hnh 3.3: Giao din phn mm tra cu th vin tng i ALEX .................................78

Hnh 3.4: V d khi cnh bo xut ra ..........................................................................81

Hnh 3.5: Qu trnh phn tch s B............................................................................106

Hnh 3.6: V d mt mng n gin c 6 tng i.....................................................107

Hnh 3.7: Bng B- Number ca v d trn.................................................................108

Hnh 3.8: Cc lnh phn tch RC (Routing Cases).....................................................109

Hnh 3.9: Cc lnh phn tch bng B.........................................................................110Hnh 3.10: H thng qut thng gi123


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TVIT TT

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A

ALB Analogue Line BoardALD Alarm Display PanelsALI Alarm InterfaceAMB Automatic Maintenance BusAMU Automatic Maintenance UnitAN Access NetworkANT ABC class for System/subsystemAPT Telephony part of AXE

APZ Control part of AXEASD Auxiliary service deviceAST Announcement Service TerminalATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeAT Alphanumeric TerminalATL Autonomous traffic at link failureAU Access UnitAU-EP Access Unit connection board for Equipment Protection switching.AUS Access Unit SwitchAUS-C AUS Connection board

AUS-EP AUS connection board for Equipment Protection

B

BA Basic AccessBHCA Busy Hour Call AttemptsBN Block NumberBNAM Bus Network Adaptor MagazineBSC Base Station ControllerBT Bothway Trunk

C

C7DR CCS7 Distribution and RoutingC7LABT CCS7 Label TranslationC7ST CCS7 Signalling TerminalCA Charging analysisCAS Channel Associated SignallingCCD Conference Call DeviceCCM Controlled Corrective Maintenance

CCS Common Channel Signalling SubsystemCDU Control and Display Unit


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CHS Charging SubsystemCIS Clock interrupt signalCJ Combined JunctorCJU Combined junctor unitCLCOF Call Supervision and Coordination of Functions

CLM Clock ModuleCLT Clock Pulse Generating and TimingCP Central ProcessorCPG Central Processor GroupCPS Central Processor SubsystemCPT Central Processor TestCPU Central Processor UnitCPUM Central Processor Unit MagazineCR Code receiverCRT ABC class for Set of Parts

CS Code senderCS Control storeCSR Code Sender ReceiverCSR-D Code Sender Receiver-DigitalCSS Central Subscriber SwitchCTB Central Processor Test Bus

D

DBS Database Management Subsystem

DCS Data Communication SubsystemDDF Digital Distribution FrameDIAMUX Digital Analog MultiplexerDIP Digital PathDIPST Digital Path Supervision and TestDLB Digital Line BoardDLB2U Digital Line Board for U interfaceDP Device ProcessorDPC Display and Power ControllerDRS Data Reference Store

DRSB Data Reference Store BusDS Data StoreDSU Data Store UnitDTMS Dual Tone Multi-FrequencyDTS Data Transmission SubsystemDU2 Distribution Unit

E

EM Extension ModuleEMB Extension Module BusEMG Extension Module Group


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EMRP Extension Module Regional ProcessorEMRPB Extension Module Regional Processor BusEMRPD Extension Module Regional Processor DigitalEMC ElectroMagnetic CompatibilityEPS Equipment Protection Switching

ESS Extended Switching SubsystemET Exchange TerminationETB Exchange Terminal BoardETC Exchange Terminal CircuitETP Exchange Terminal for Primary Rate AccessEX Executive

F

FDM Frequency division multiplex

FMS File Management Subsystem

G

GS Group SwitchGSM Group Switch MaintenanceGSR Regional Software in GSSGSS Group Switching SubsystemGSU Central Software in GSS

H

HD Hard DiskHLR Home Location RegisterHLP High Level PackagingHDLC High Level Data Link ControlHRS Home Location Register SubsystemHWM Hardware Modernization Program

IIAI Initial Address message with additional InformationIAM Initial Address Message

ICB Inter Computer BusIN Intelligent NetworkIOEXT Input/Output Extension MagazineI/O Input/OutputIOG Input Output Group

IOIM Input Output Interface MagazineIPU Instruction Processor UniIRPHB Inter Regional Processor Handler Bus


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ISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISPABX Integrated Services Private Automatic Branch ExchangeISUP ISDN User PartIT Incoming trunk

JJB Job BufferJT Junctor TerminalJTC Junctor Terminal Circuit

K

KR2 Keyset Code ReceiverKRC Keyset Code Receiver Circuit

KRR Regional Software for KRKRU Central Software for KR

L

LAN Local Area NetworkLAPB Link Access Procedure BalancedLAPD Link Access Procedure D-channelLED Light Emitting DiodeLHS Link Handling SubsystemLI2 Line InterfaceLIB Line Interface BoardLIC Line Interface CircuitLIR Regional Software for LI2LIU Central Software for LI2LSM Line Switch ModuleLSMBA LSM for Basic AccessLSMPRA LSM for Primary Rate AccessLU Line Unit

LVD Low Voltage Directive

M

MA Multiple AccessMACCG Multiple Access GroupMAE Match ErrorMAI Maintenance InterfaceMAS Maintenance SubsystemMAU Maintenance Unit

MCS Man-Machine Communication SubsystemMDF Main Distribution FrameMIS Maintenance Interrupt Signal


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MIA Manual Intervention AllowedMML Man-Machine LanguageMPS Management Platform SubsystemMSU Message Signal UnitMTP Message Transfer Protocol

MUM Maintenance Unit MagazineMUX Multiplexer

N

NMAS Network Management SystemNMC Network Management CentralNMS Network Management SubsystemNRANA Number AnalysisNS Network Synchronisation

NT Network Terminal

O

OCS Open Communication SubsystemODM Optical Disk MagazineOMAP Operation Maintenance Administration PartOMC Operation and Maintenance CentralOMS Operation and Maintenance SubsystemOPAX Operation Exchange

OPC Originating Point CodeOPI Operational InstructionOPS Operation SubsystemOSI Open Systems InterconnectionOTN Operation Terminal Network

P

PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange

PAE Parity ErrorPBA Printed Board AssemblyPCB Printed Circuit BoardPCD Pulse Code Division (Analogue)PCD-D Pulse Code Division DigitalPCM Pulse Code ModulationPCM Pulse Code ModulationPCSI Power Controller and Status IndicatorPEB Processor extension BusPIU Plug In Unit

PHC Program Handling CheckPHCI Program Handling Check InhibitPLMN Public Land Mobile Network


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POU Power UnitPOUCB Power Unit Control BusPOW PowerPOWC Power ControllerPRM Private Metering

PSTN Public Services Telephony NetworkPS Program StorePSB Program Store BusPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPTB Processor Test BusPULSI Plug in Unit to L-board Serial Interface

R

RC Route Case

RBS Radio Base StationRCM Referent Clock ModuleRCS Radio Control SubsystemREU Ringing Generator UnitRMP Resource Module PlatformRMS Remote Measurement SubsystemRMSM Remote Measurement Subsystem MagazineROS Radio Operations SubsystemRP Regional ProcessorRPB Regional Processor Bus

RPB-P Regional Processor Bus, ParallelRPB-S Regional Processor Bus, SerialRPIRS Regional Processor InterfaceRPH Regional Processor HandlerRPH-I Regional Processor Handler InterfaceRPH-SI Regional Processor Handler Serial InterfaceRPHB Regional Processor Handler BusRPIO Regional Processor Input OutputRPS Regional Processor SubsystemRS Reference Store

RSS Remote Subscriber SwitchRSU Reference Store Unit

S

SAF Stand Alone FunctionSAE Size Alteration EventSAM Subsequence Address MessageSB StandbySB-HA Standby HaltedSB-UP Standby UpdatingSB-SE Standby Separated


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SB-WO Standby WorkingSC Server CentreSC Subscriber CatelogiesSCP Service Control PointSCS Subscriber Control Subsystem

SDL Signaling Data LinkSE Special EquipmentSEBU Semi-permanent ConnectionSES Service Provisioning SubscriberSIF Signaling Information FieldSLCT Subscriber Line Circuit TesterSLIC Subscriber Line Interface CircuitSLQCT Subscriber Line Quality Circuit TesterSLS Signaling Link SelectionSMAS Server Management Subsystem

SNT Switching Network TerminalSNTP Switching Network Terminal PointSP Support ProcessorSPG Support Processor GroupSPS Support Processor SubsystemSPU Support Processor UnitSRPBI Serial Regional Processor Bus InterfaceSRT Subscriber Radio TerminalSSA Speech Store ASSCP Service Switching and Control Point

SSF Service Switching FunctionSSP Service Switching PointSSS Subscriber Switch SubsystemSTP Signalling Transfer PointsST Signaling TerminalST-7 Signaling Terminal for CCS7STUD Storage Unit DataSTUP Storage Unit ProgramSTR Signalling Terminal RegionalSW Software

T

TA Terminal AdaptorTAS Transceiver Administration SubsystemTAU Test and Administration UnitTAU-C Test and Administration Unit Connection boardTCD Transceiver Control DeviceTCDNI Test Connection InterfaceTCH Traffic Channel

TCS Traffic Control SubsystemTCU Terminal Correction Unit


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TE Transit ExchangeTECA Telecommunications Service AnalysisTGI Tone GeneratorTIA Telecommunication Industry AssociationTIM Translator Interface Module

TMOS Telecommunication Management and Operations SystemsTOM Trunk Offering Module functionsTPU Test and Processor UnitTRS Transceiver SubsystemTRU Tone Receiving UnitTSB Time Switch BusTSM Time Switch ModuleTSS Trunk and Signaling SubsystemTSW Time SwitchTTON Code Answer According to Code 100

TU Terminal UnitTUP Telephone User PartUVW

UMB Updating and Matching BusUMB-I Updating and Matching Bus, IPUUMB-S Updating and Matching Bus, SPUVLR Visitor Location RegisterVPN Virtual Private NetworkWS Work Station


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Chng 1 : Gii thiu tng qut

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Chng 1: GII THIU TNG QUT

1.1.LCH SPHT TRIN H THNG AXE

AXE l tn ca tng i in t s do hng Ericsson, Thy in ch to. N

c pht trin rt sm tu thp nin 70 ca th k trc. V s tip tc pht trintrong tng lai, ha hn sng gp to ln cho nn vin thng trn ton th gii. Ccct mc pht trin quan trng ca h thng AXE:

Nm 1975, tng i ni ht AXE c iu khin bng my tnh ln u tinc gii thiu ra th trng th gii.

Nm 1977, tng i AXE chnh thc xm nhp th trng tng i th gii vthu c mt s thnh qung khch l.

Nm 1982, ln u tin tng i chuyn mch s AXE c lp t PhnLan.

Nm 1985, AXE lp t ti 63 quc gia v c 22 mng di ng s dng.

Nm 1986, tng i AXE bt u xm nhp vo th trng Bc M.

Nm 1991, Ericssion lp t h thng GSM u tin dng tng i AXE.

Nm 1992, AXE c lp t ti 101 quc gia.

Nm 1995, c 14,5 triu ng dy kt ni vo h thng AXE nng tng sthu bao ln con s 105 triu. Mng di ng s dng i AXE c lp t ti 74 qucgia vi 34 triu thu bao.

Nm 1998, c 134 triu thu bao v 125 quc gia c mng di ng s dng iAXE.

Nm 2000, hn 200 triu thu bao di ng.

Nm 2001, tng i AXE 810 ln u tin c tung ra th trng th gii vc n nhn ti nhiu quc gia.

Ericsson khng ngng ci tin h thng i AXE cho ph hp vi tnh hnh phttrin ca nn vin thng th gii. AXE lun c pht trin v cng ngh c v phncng ln phn mm. in hnh nht l s pht trin ca b x l trung tm APZ.

Nm 1977, h thng chuyn mch th nghim vi cu hnh iu khin ca bAPZ 210 03 c dung lng ti a 16000 thu bao. H thng chuyn mch ny s dngk thut chuyn mch khng gian (SPM).

Nm 1981, s ra i APZ 210 06 vi kh nng x l ti 144000 BHCA.

Nm 1984, pht trin ln th h APZ211 vi dung lng ln ti 40000 thu bao.


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Mc x l: APZ 211 02/150000 BHCA(1984), APZ 211 10/450000 BHCA(1989), APZ 211 11/1000000 BHCA (1992).

Cng lc hng ERICSSON cho ra i cu hnh ln hn l APZ 212 vi dunglng mrng ln n 200000 thu bao.

Mc x l: APZ 212 01/800000 BHCA (1984), APZ 212 02/800000 BHCA(1988), APZ 212 03/1500000 BHCA (1989), APZ 212 10/1600000 BHCA (1992),APZ 212 11/3000000 BHCA (1992). APZ 213 11/11000 BHCA cho cc tng i nh,dung lng cao nht l 2000 thu bao.

Trong cc nm sau , p ng nhu cu pht trin ca nn vin thng th gii,Ericsson khng ngng nghin cu ch to c rt nhiu b x l vi tc v khnng x l tng ln rt ln. Vi rt nhiu i l APZ 212-12, APZ 212-20, APZ 212-25, APZ 212-30, APZ 212-33, APZ 212-33C, APZ 212-40.

Trong : APZ 212-11, APZ 212-12, APZ 212-20 ch trng pht trin v dunglng; APZ 212-25 dung lng nh hn so vi APZ 212-20 nhng tc x l caohn; APZ 212-30, APZ 212-33, APZ 212-33C, APZ 212-40 th va tng v dunglng va tng tc x l c bit l APZ 212-33C, APZ 212-40.

Hnh 1.1: Mt v d v s tng kh nng x l qua cc i APZ 212

1.2.NG DNG CA TNG I AXEAXE l h thng tng i vt tri v nhiu tnh nng, gi thnh h, c kh nng

tng thch vi th h 3G.

AXE pht trin hu nh khp ni trn ton th gii v p ng mi nhu cu cakhch hng, Ericsson lin tc c cng c v pht trin da trn mt nn tng vngchc, chim mt v tr quan trng, c mt h thng nh cung cp thit b ton cu.

Hin nay, tng i AXE c lp t ti hn 130 quc gia. AXE l tng i

chuyn mch s bn chy nht trn th gii, vi th phn khng l :


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Vi th trng hu tuyn: Chim 45% tng i cng quc t, 30% tng i qugiang, 10% tng i ni ht.

Vi th trng v tuyn: Chim 50% tng i MSC, 40% tng i BSC, v30% lm thanh ghi nh v thng tr HRL.

Tng i AXE c thm nhim nhiu chc nng khc nhau (xem hnh sau):

Hnh 1.2: Kh nng ng dng ca i AXE.

Sdtng i AXE c kh nng p ng nhiu loi dch v nh vy v cu trctheo kiu module:

H thng AXE c thit k ph hp vi mi k thut cng ngh hin i nht,tng thch vi s pht trin vt bc ca cng ngh vin thng, bi v Ericsson luntm cch thay i nhanh chng p ng y nhu cu ca khch hng, do cutrc h thng phi l cu trc m, mt cch gi khc l cu trc h thng theo kiuModule.

Cu trc h thng AXE theo kiu module v y l khi nim ng dng caEricsson. Khi nim Module ny c rt nhiu ngha bi ph hp vi s pht trinca h thng hin ti v c tng lai. Ni chung cu trc Module c rt nhiu uvit: tng thch h thng m, thi gian p ng nhanh cho th trng, d dng tngthch vi s pht trin ca nhiu kin trc mng khc nhau.

ngha Module l linh hot c v phn cng ln phn mm, p ng tng thchvi cc loi hnh dch v vin thng c trong hin ti v tng lai: thoi, d liu, hnhnh, internet, v truyn thng a phng tin, ng thi gi thnh h.

Cu trc phn mm ca AXE v cbn tng i ging nhau trong mi Modulehoc mi mc ch cng vic hot ng ty thuc vo c sd liu ca chng, bao


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gm cc module phn mm sau: Module phn mm trong b x l vng (RP: RegionalProcessors), b x l trung tm (CP: Central Processors), hay b x l ph tr(AP/SP:Adjunct or Support Processor).

Giao tip vn hnh v bo dng c pht trin rt mnh trn nn tng qun l

ca nhiu ng dng cbn theo chun thit k ring ca Ericsson. Mt ng dng quantrng nht l h thng nhp xut AXE ( I/O : Input/Output)

Thm vo , gii php giao tip qun l mhin i nht , c xem l nhngim tham chiu tch hp IRP (Integration Reference Points). Mc ch ca cc IRPlin kt gia cc phn t mng v h thng qun l a cng ngh, nhiu nh cung cp.

a chc nng: H thng AXE c s dng cho rt nhiu ng dng khcnhau, t nhng tng i ni ht cnhn tng i quc t , trung tm chuyn mchdi ng, truyn thng thng mi, ISDN, thu bao di ng v k c mng thng minh

(IN) , phc v cho nhng vng nng thn, thnh th, ngoi n trung tm thnhph

Module ng dng : d dng kt hp nhiu ng dng khc nhau trong cngmt im, AXE da trn khi nim Modul ng dng ca Ericsson ( AM: EricssonsApplication Modularity). Module ng dng ny cho php s dng li nhng phnmm c sn, i khi c th khng cn thay i nhng chc nng gia cc dng snphm khc nhau ca AXE.

Module chc nng: AXE cho php cung cp nhiu chc nng khc nhau,nhng chc nng ny c th sa i, b sung m khng lm thay i cu hnh chungca h thng.

Module phn mm: Nhng module phn mm c lp trnh mt cch clp, nhng c lin kt vi nhau bng cc hiu lnh c nh ngha trc. Khimt li xy ra trong mt module phn mm no th n s khng lm nh hng n dliu ca module phn mm khc, do n c tnh nng an ton tuyt i.

Module phn cng: Thit b phn cng c chun ha theo tng module, do

rt d dng cho vic thit k, ch to, kim tra, lp t, vn hnh v bo dng. Vphn cng c thit k theo module do ph hp vi mi cu hnh lp t.

1.3.CU TRC TNG QUT

1.3.1.Cu trc chung ca h thng AXE

AXE l mt tng i SPC (Stored Progam Control), tc l chng trnh phnmm lu trong mt my tnh iu khin s hot ng ca thit b chuyn mch.

AXE c cu trc phn cp thnh mt s cc lp chc nng (xem hnh sau).


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Hnh 1.3: Phn cp AXE cc mc chc nng.

Ti lp cao nht AXE c chia thnh hai phn:

APT _ b phn chuyn mch: x l tt c cc chc nng chuyn mch.

APZ _ b phn iu khin: cha cc chng trnh phn mm iu khin svn hnh ca b phn chuyn mch.

APT v APZ c chia thnh cc phn h, mi phn h c mt chc nng cbit. Mi phn hc thit k vi t qun cao v c kt ni vi cc phn hkhc qua cc giao din chun.

Tn ca mi phn h phn nh chc nng ca n. V d: phn h trung k v bohiu (TSS) chu trch nhim bo hiu v gim st cc kt ni (trung k) gia cc tng

i.

Mi phn hc chia thnh cc khi chc nng. S phn chia ny cng c quanh v chc nng, vi tn ca khi chc nng phn nh chc nng ca n. V d: BT lkhi chc nng trung k hai chiu, n x l mt ng trung k mang lu lng trnc hai hng gia cc tng i.

mc chc nng thp nht, khi chc nng c chia thnh cc n v chcnng. Mt n v chc nng c th l phn cng hoc phn mm.

Khi iu khin APZ gm c:

CPS(Central Processor Subsystem): phn hiu khin trung tm.

RPS(Region Processor Subsystem): phn hiu khin vng.

DPS(Device Processor Subsystem): phn hiu khin thit b.

APT APZ

MCSSSS OMSTSS FMS CPS

AXE

LI2

LIR LIULIC

CPU

CP-AHardware

CP-BHardware

System Level 1

SystemLevel 2

SubsystemLevel

FunctionBlock Level

Function Unit Level(Software orHardware)


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Khi chuyn mch APT:

GSS(Group Switch Subsystem):phn h chuyn mch nhm.

TSS(Trunk Signalling Subsystem): phn h bo hiu v trung k (khigiao tip trung k).

SSS (Subscriber Switch Subsystem): phn h chuyn mch thu bao(khi giao tip thu bao).

Ngoi ra AXE cn c mt s phn h h trkhc nh:

OM(Operation and Maintenance) bo dng iu hnh.

CHS(Charging Subsystem) phn h tnh cc.

SUS(Subscriber Services Subsystem ) phn h dch v thu bao.

FMS(File Management Subsystem) phn h qun l tp tin . TCS(Traffic Control Subsystem) phn hiu khin lu lng.

1.3.2.Cu trc h thng tng i AXE 810

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc phn cng ca i AXE 810.

H thng Bus (RPB: Regional Processor Bus): Mc ch chnh ca RPB ltruyn thng tin iu khin gia B x l trung tm ( CP: Central Processor) v B x

RPRP

ET

CP

AST

ECP

PDSPL

RPP RPG

IPN

APG APG

ET

ALI

STM

RPB

DL

EMB

TRA

GS

RPI

RPI

RPI

GARPRPRP

ET

CP

AST

ECP

PDSPL

RPP RPG

IPN

APG APG

ET

ALI

STM

RPB

DL

EMB

TRA

GS

RPI

RPI

RPI

GARP


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l vng ( RP : Regional Processor ). RPB c th lp t ring l trn mt subrack hoccng subrack vi RP, do s gim thiu thit b v cp kt ni. RPB c kh nngtruyn tc ti a l 10 Mbit/s trn mt bus. RPB c trang b ghp i kt ni ncc RP, do thun tin trong vic lp t, mrng v sa cha.

Bus Module mrng ( EMB : Extension Module Bus) : Phn cng chuynmch c thc phn thnh nhm v c gi l cc khi mrng EM. Mi EM ktni n b x l vng RP trn mt bus thng qua backplane trong cng mt subrack.

Nhm x l ph tr ( APG:Adjunct Processor Group): APG l nn tngphn cng cho cc b x l ph tr. APG 33 v APG 40 rt tinh gn v kinh t, c khnng thc hin yu cu x l cao v thay th cho th h SPG i trc ( SPG : SupportProcessor Group).

Mng chuyn mch (GS : Group switch): GS c chc nng chn la, kt niv gii ta cc ng thoi v ng bo hiu. Thm vo , GS cn c chc nnggim st cc ng PCM, thc hin chc nng ng b vi mng bn ngoi. Mngchuyn mch GS 890 l h thng chuyn mch mi nht ca tng i AXE 810.

ng kt ni s(DL :Digital Link ): DL giao tip gia GS v cc thit b ktcui, phin bn mi nht ca tng i AXE 810 l giao din DL34, vi kh nng ti al 2688 time slots 64kb/s (bao gm c time slots bo hiu).

Thit b kt cui tng i (ET:Exchange Terminals): bao gm cc E1/T1

c lp t trong subrack GDM, kt cui c tc cao nht hin nay l ET155-1 vi63 lung E1 p ng cho mng truyn dn tc cao.

Card PDSPL (PDSPL :Pooled Digital Signaling Platform - Loadable):Thc hin cc chc nng cp Tone v bo hiu.

Card TRA(TRA:Transcoders): Dng cho mng GSM v TDMA, khng sdng cho mng c nh. Loi card TRA R6 dng cho mng GSM, trong khi mngTDMA dng card TRAB4, nhng c hai loi card trn u c chung cu hnh phncng, mi card TRA cung cp ti a 192 knh thoi.

Card ECP (ECP:Echo Cancellers): S dng cho tnh nng trit ting di,ECP5 vn s dng cu hnh phn cng ca card TRA, nhng c kh nng cung cpn 128 knh thoi.

Card AST (AST:Announcement Service Terminals): Cung cp cc cuthng bo c lu tr sn, mc ch phc v khch hng khi cn thit.

Giao tip ATM(ALI: ATM Link Interface): Cung cp giao tip quang uvo tc cao 155 Mb/s ETSI STM-1 v da trn cscard RPP.


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Tng dung lng: Kh nng chuyn mch tng, gi thnh h v ph hp vimi i tng khch hng.

Phn cng tch hp v c s dng cho nhiu tnh nng khc nhau do sgim c ngun tiu th, lng nhit ta ra t s gim c iu ha nhit , kch

thc nh dn n gim c khng gian lp t, tm li l mi thu gim, dn ngi thnh h.

Cht lng dch v tng, tng thch th h 3G: l vn nm trong tmtay i vi h thng AXE 810 ch bng cch cp nht thm cu hnh phn cng.

Thi gian lp t gim: Cu hnh phn cng gim, tinh gn v theo chun do rt ngn c thi gian cung cp cho th trng v thi gian lp t.

Gim khng gian lp t: H thng AXE 810 gim 50% din tch lp t so

vi th h trc nh BYB 501. Gim ngun tiu th: V board mch ca tng i nh v tinh gn hn dn

n ngun tiu th gim khong 30% so vi h trc.

Gim s loi board mch: Loi board mch trong tng i AXE 810 gim sovi th h trc (v mt s card phn cng ging nhau hon ton, ch khc nhau vtnh nng s dng, hay ni cch khc l s dng chung phn cng), do s gim githnh sn phm khi sn xut.

Hnh 1.6: Mt su im ca i AXE 810 so vi th h trc


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Tng kh nng x l: S dng cc b vi x l hin ti c trn th trng, do kh nng x l ca cc vi x l tng ng k.

Hnh 1.7 : Kh nng x l ca CP gia cc h.

Kh nng mngchuyn mch:Kh nng chuyn mch ti a ca h BYB 501l 128K (131.072 channel 64kbit/s), trong khi kh nng chuyn mch ti a ca hAXE 810 l 512 K (524288 channel 64 kbit/s).

Hnh 1.8: Kh nng chuyn mch ca h thng qua cc th h.

10.4

3.5

6

10.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

APZ 212 20 APZ 212 25 APZ 212 30 APZ 212 33 APZ 212 40

Relative

Capacity

128

512

4128

0

200

400

600

Old GS,

64 kbit/s

Old GS,

Subrate

AXE 810,

64 kbit/s

AXE 810,

Subrate

AXE

810


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Chng 2: Phn cng tng i AXE 810

Trang 11

Chng 2: PHN CNG TNG I AXE 810

2.1.KHI IU KHIN APZ

H thng iu khin APZ l mt phn rt quan trng trong cu trc h thng tng

i AXE, bao gm hai phn: iu khin trung tm v iu khin phn tn, m bo tin cy cao v x l cuc gi hiu qu nht.

APZ l tri tim ca h thng, n khng ngng c nng cp v pht trin quanhiu nm lin nhm cung cp mt h thng iu khin cc mnh v v cng linhng vi nhiu ng dng rng ri. Nhng u im trong cc th h trc c u tingi li, cp nht v pht trin s dng cho cc th hsau. APZ hot ng tin cycao v rt d qun l.

2.1.1 Phn cp xl trong AXE

Hnh 2.1: Phn cp x l.

CP (Central Processor: Khi x l trung tm):

L cp x l cao nht, thc hin nhng nhim v phc tp, ch yu l phn tchv qun l. Tng i AXE 810 s dng biu khin APZ 212 33C vi tnh nng rtmnh l u no ca tng i.

B x l trung tm CP c ghp i, mt lm vic ch Active v mt lmvic ch Standby, khi mt trong hai CP b s c li xy ra th CP cn li vn mbo cng vic m khng lm nh hng n kh nng x l lu thoi ca h thng.

RP (Regional Processor: Khi x l vng):

Thc hin cc nhim vnh tuyn n gin. CP v cc RP thng tin vi nhauqua bus RP (RPB), mi RPB c th c 32 RPs kt ni n n.Cc RP iu khin phncng chuyn mch (EM).

EM (Extension Modules: cc module mrng):

EM-0 EM-1 EM-15

RP RPEMB

RPB

CP-A CP-BMAU

ExtensionModules

RegionalProcessors

Central Processorwith Maintenance

Unit (MAU)


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EM di dng cc khung cha cc board mch in (PCB: Printed CircuitBoards), v n c kt ni n RP qua mt bus EM (EMB: Extension ModuleBus).Phn cng biu khin thit b l (DP: Device processor)

Sau y ta s tm hiu cu trc phn cng c th cc khi trn.

2.1.2.Khi xl trung tm CPS

Khi x l trung tm CPS ca tng i AXE 810 s dng biu khin APZ 21233C. B x l trung tm APZ c tc cao ph hp cho nhiu ng dng c hai mngcnh v di ng. So snh vi APZ 212 30 th kh nng x l tng t 1.7 n 2 ln,phn cng ti u hn, tn s tng n 160 MHz.

Hnh 2.2: Cu trc ca APZ 212 33 C.

H thng x l c hai mt gi l Side A (CP-A) v Side B (CP-B), x l d liu chng b song song (song cng v d phng nng). Ty theo trng thi hotng ca h thng m mt trong hai mt ch executive, mt kia l active stand-by.

n v x l trung tm (CPU) trong mi mt c a ra hai n v x l: nv x l tn hiu (SPU) v n v x l ch dn(IPU).


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2.1.2.1.SPU (Signal Processor Unit):

X l cc cng vic c nh trc v x l u tin, ngoi ra cn nh thi gianv iu khin RPH. SPU p ng tt c cc cng vic c x l trong CPU. SPU xl v chuyn thng tin iu khin n cc RP ng thi xp hng, x l cc yu cu t

RP theo th tu tin. Cng vic trao i thng tin gia SPU-IPU c u tin hngu, bao gm cc cng vic lin quan n bo hiu, qun l ngt qung. Cng vicgia SPU-RPH u tin th cp, cc cng vic lin quan n bo hiu, cc ch th ngvo c th lu trong b nhtm.

2.1.2.2.IPU (Instruction Processor Unit):

Thc thi cc chng trnh. IPU trong APZ 212 33C cng nguyn l v cu trcnh APZ 212 30, ch c tc hot ng ca CPU l c nng cp ln 1.7 ln so viAPZ 212 30 (tc CPU trong APZ 212 33C l 160 MHz). IPU nhn nhng cng

vic mi t SPU, nu SPU xc nh l vic ny c mc u tin cao hn cng vicang thc hin trong IPU th ngay lp tc, IPU tm dng cng vic hin ti v thchin cng vic c mc u tin cao hn . IPU c 4 khi chc nng chnh l:

Instruction Processor Circuit (IPC): khi thc thi cc lnh, y l chcnng mi ca IPU, mc ch l iu khin xp hng cc lnh nu ti mt thi imcc ch th lnh khng thc hin cng lc c.

Update and Match Circuit (UBC): khi so snh cp nht. UBC thc hin

chc nng so snh v cp nht gia IPU trong CPU-A v IPU trong CPU-B. Program and Reference Store (PRS): b nh tham chiu, b nh chng

trnh.C hai phn:

PS (Program Store): Lu tr tt c cc chng trnh ca h thng.

RS (Reference Store): Lu tr tt c cc c tnh ca cc khi chngtrnh, ngoi ra cn lu tr mt vi d liu tng quan v h thng.

V mt vt l, c RS v PS c lu tr ring bit ti hai b nhDRAM khc

nhau, PS c dung lng 96 MW16, RS c dung lng 32 MW16. Ngoi ra PRS cnc b sung thm b nhSRAM 8 MW16, cc khi PS c thc hin th clu tr trong b nhny bng vic sao chp mt cch tun t theo khong thi gian c nh trc bi h thng.

Data store (DS): b nhd liu. c nh ngha mt vng nhcnh (DataStore Cache Memory, DSCM, (SSRAM, 8 MW16)) trong IPU vi hai loi b nh:

SRAM (Static Random Access Memory): Tc truy xut theo thc t.

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory):Tc truy xut theochun.


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2.1.2.3.B phn iu khin Bus xl vng (RPH):

iu khin s trao i thng tin gia h thng x l trung tm (CPS) v hthng x l vng (RPS). Chc nng chnh ca RPH l nhn cc tn hiu RP t CPU(SPU), nh dng li v truyn tn hiu ny n cc RP c chnh trc theo giao

thc bus RP. Ngc li RPH cng thc hin qut kim tra v tp hp cc tn hiu yucu t cc RP chuyn v CPU (SPU).

RPH p ng c c 2 loi bus RP (ni tip v song song). Ti mt thi im,RPH cng c th cho php kt ni 2 loi RP bus trn n CP. Ti a 1024 RPs ckt ni n CP thng qua siu khin ca RP bus.

RPBI-S

RPBH

RPB-S

RPBI-P

RPBH

RPB-P

RPBH

RPBI-P

RPBH

RPB-P

RPBH

RPIO

RPHI

RP

handler

Signal

processor

Serial ring bus

RPHB

SPU

RPH

RPBI-S

RPBH

RPB-S

RPBI-S

RPBH

RPBI-S

RPBH

RPBH

RPBH

RPB-S

RPBI-P

RPBH

RPB-P

RPBH

RPBI-P

RPBH

RPBH

RPB-P

RPBH

RPBH

RPBI-P

RPBH

RPB-P

RPBH

RPBI-P

RPBH

RPBH

RPB-P

RPBH

RPBH

RPIORPIO

RPHIRPHI

RP

handler

Signal

processor

Serial ring bus

RPHB

SPU

RPH

Hnh 2.3: Bus ni tip RPH.

Hai mt ca CP cng c kt ni n hai RPH (RPH cng hot ng chd phng nng), trong trng hp bnh thng th CP hot ng lun kt ni n c 2RPH, khi c s c xy ra trn mt mt no ca RPH th mt cn li lp tc gnhvc cng vic m khng lm nh hng g n hot ng ca CP.

Hnh 2.4: S kt ni gia RPH v CPU.

SPU IPU IPU SPU

MEM

U

P

B

B

U

P

B

B

R

P

H

M

I

R

P

H

M

I

MEM

RPH RPH

SPU IPU IPU SPU

MEM

U

P

B

B

U

P

B

B

R

P

H

M

I

R

P

H

M

I

MEM

RPH RPH


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2.1.2.4.n v bo dng (MAU):

Gim st s hot ng ca hai mt CP, so snh d liu ca hai mt v quyt nhmt no trng thi Executive.Khi c mt mt b li n s tng chuyn trng thihot ng chnh sang mt kia. MAU giao tip n CPT (Central Processor Test) IOG

20C, ngoi ra MAU cn gim st qut lm mt cho phn cng CP.2.1.2.5.MAI (Maintenance Unit Interface):

MAI trong APZ 212 33C cng tng t nh trong APZ 212 30, mc ch nhm thit lp giao tip bo dng gia hai mt ca CP v c siu khin bi MAUnh: iu khin phn phi ng b, khi ng ngun, trng thi lm vic v trng thili ca bo hiu. MAI nm trong card POWC.

2.1.2.6.Khi ngun (POWC):

iu khin qut, ly ngun DC -48V phn phi n cc b phn trong CP, iukhin bn hin th CDU (CP control and Display Unit ).Cc chc nng chnh:

Ghi nhn v bo li n MAU.

To Clock v nhng chc nng chuyn mch clock.

S gim st chng trnh v nhng chc nng reset.

To nguyn l cho vic gi tn hiu gia MAU v SPU.

To nguyn l cho s

iu khi

n ng

t t

CPT

n MAU.To nguyn l cho h trvic truy cp b nhtrc tip trong MAU.

Gim st trng thi hot ng ca qut v ngun.

2.1.2.7.CP BUS.

SPU c kt ni n RPH qua bus ni tip RPH.

SPU v IPU trong mt A c kt ni SPU v IPU mt B qua cc ng mch inboard lng gi l bus UMB (Updating and Matching Bus).

SPU v IPU cng c kt ni n card MAU (Maintenance Unit) qua ngCTB (Central Processor Test Bus), CTB s ni kt hai mt CP n h thng CPT nv x l trung tm trong IOG v AMB (Automatic Maintenance Bus), AMB truyn tnhiu bo hiu li gia MAU v hai mt CP.

2.1.2.8.CP-RP Comunication (RBB-S)

Mi RPB c th ni kt n 32 RP, cu hnh ny ta c 3 card RPB, mi card c30 Bus nh vy s ni kt c 960 RP.

Tn hiu t CP gi n RP trong trng thi hot ng bnh thng s gi trn mtBus, dnhin Bus ny cng c ni n CP SB-WO.


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Trang 16

C 3 v tr card RPBI-S, mi card kt ni vi 10 bus nhnh serial RP.

2.1.2.9.Nguyn l hot ng ca b xl trung tm CPU

B x l trung tm CP c thit k theo kiu kp, gm hai mt A&B. Khi hotng trng thi bnh thng, CP-A trng thi iu khin v CP-B trng thi lm

vic d phng. CP d phng lm vic hon ton ging CP iu khin nhng ch khcl tn hiu iu khin khng c nhn bi cc b x l phn b RP. D liu ca haimt CP lun c so snh vi nhau pht hin li kp thi. Khi c bt k li no xyra qu trnh chn on li v khi phc h thng s tng din ra di siu phica khi bo dng h thng MAU.

Hnh 2.5: Nguyn l pht hin v sa li h thng.

Ngoi trng thi trn ch rng mt mt lun lun trng thi Excutive mt kia

c trng thi Standby nh sau: Standby Halted (SB-HA): Nu h thng pht hin 1 li xy ra lin tc trong

CP hoc s li tm thi thng xuyn vt qua ngng th mt CP b Halt (b treo).

Standby Updating (SB-UP): Khi mt mt CP b Halted (SB-HA) hoc khnggiao tip vi mt CP kia th d liu hai mt khc nhau. khi phc h thng cnglm vic song cng th trc tin CP b Halted hoc Separated phi c Updated vid liu ng, tc l d liu mt CP (EX) s truyn qua mt SB-UP.Nu update thnhcng, ngha l khng c li phn cng bn standby th n chuyn sang trng thi SB-WO.


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Standby Separated (SB-SE): Mt s trng hp cn thit (nng cp hoc thayi phn mm) phi tch mt mt CP ra c lp (SB-SE), CP ny chy nhng khnggiao tip vi cc RP.

Trng thi hot ng ca CP c thc thay i bng lnh nh vo v sc cp phn sau.

2.1.3. B xl vng RP (Regional Processor )

B x l vng RP, thc hin lp i lp li cng vic x l v x l mc cao vd nh loi b nhng lp giao tip mc thp hn.

Gn y nht cc b x l vng c nn tng l x l m, n c th chy trn ccphn mm ng dng dng trong cc ngn ng lp trnh theo chun cng ngh nh

ngn ng C hoc C++. Nn tng AXE c dng nhiu trong vic h trc 2 cng dliu v cc ng dng ca chuyn mch gi, v d nh PCI - RPP, Ethernet PacketSwitch Board (EPSB).

Mc ch ca RPP l cung cp cng d liu lin quan n cc ng dngtruyn thng. RPP cho php mt dy giao tip phn cng m, mt dy ng dng phnmm. Mt trong nhng ng dng u tin s dng RPP/EPSB l PCU(Packet ControlUnit) trong BSC(Base Station Controller) dng trong mng di ng, cho php thchin chc nng GPRS

2.1.3.1Cc chc nng ca RP

RP lu tr v thc thi cc phn mm vng lin quan n h thng chuyn mchAPT v h thng iu khin APZ.RP gm hai chc nng chnh:

Chc nng h tr: ti (load), chuyn i chc nng, kim tra.

Chc nng bo dng: trc tip iu khin s hot ng ca thit b thoi vmng chuyn mch, pht hin s thay i trng thi ca cc thit b v thng bo tiCP, giao tip h thng vo ra cc CP.

2.1.3.2.Cu trc ca RP

Cc b x l vng RP c ni ti CP thng qua bus x l vng RPB (RP Bus).Tng t CP, RP cng c d phng m bo an ton.Tuy nhin, khc vi CP,RP lm vic theo nguyn tc chia ti : thng thng mi RP iu khin mt na sthit b, khi mt trong hai RP c s c, RP cn li s cp nht tt c cc thng tin caRP b hng sau sm nhn ton b trch nhim ca RP b hng.

Cc thit b do RP iu khin nm trong mt nhm gi l module m rng EM

(Extension Module).


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Hnh 2.6: Thng tin gia CP-RP-EM.

Mi mt cp RP thng thng qun l 16 EM c nh s t 0 n 15, RP iukhin EMG c gi l EMRP. Trong mi EM thng ch cha mt loi thit b. Tuynhin c mt s trng hp ngoi l s lng thit b cha trong mi EM c quyt

nh bi ba yu t : Kch thc vt l ca thit b .

tin cy ca h thng.

Thi gian x l: Mi mt RP thc hin vic iu khin cc EM trn csphnchia thi gian. Nu thit b trong mt EM i hi kh nng x l ca RP nhiu th slng thit b ny trong EM s gim xung.

Do hn ch b nhnn mi RP ch qun l ti a 7 loi thit b khc nhau.

Phn cng ca RP c xy dng xung quanh cc mch gi l: Gate Array.Mi mch ny cha ng nhiu cng. Cc cng ny kt hp vi cc thanh ghi v ccmch logic to thnh nhiu mch chc nng khc nhau. RP c xy dng t nmbng mch trnh by nh hnh 2.7.

PRO(Processor): C chc nng kch hot x l. C ba mch Gate-Array nmtrn bng mch. Cc mch chc nng c gi l ALU, AHC v DHC. B vi x l lcc thanh ghi nm trn bng mch.

POW(Power): c chc nng bin i in p t -48V sang +5V/20W cung cpcho RP.

EM-0

EM-2

EM-14 EM-15

EM-3

EM-1

RP RPTWIN

EM bus

CP-A CP-B

RPB-A

RPB-B


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Hnh 2.7: S khi ca RP.

MEU(Memory Unit): B nhca RP, l b nhRAM vi dung lng 256 KB.N c b nhEPROM dng cho khi ng chng trnh. Ti y c cc mch chcnng BIC dng cho trao i thng tin vi EM bus cng nh RP bus. BIC lm vic clp nhng n lin quan n nhiu khi chc nng qua bus thng tin.

RPBU(Regional Processor Bus Unit):n v bus x l vng. C hai bng mchloi ny. Mt kt ni t RPBA, mt t RPBB.

2.1.4. Biu khin thit b (DP: Device processor)

Hnh 2.8: Quan h gia EMRP v DP.

KRC

DPLIC

DP

REU

DP

SLCT

DP

LSM(EM)

ETB

DP

TSW

DP

EMRP

Ti/TCP

(

RPB-A RPB-B

PRO MEU

RPBU RPBU

POW

Ti/TGSS


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L b vi x l t trong cc b phn phn cng khc nhau. Chc nng ca n lqut thng xuyn phn cng.

Chng trnh trong DP khng c cc chc nng quyt nh, m n ch c nhimv thc thi v khai bo nhng thay i phn cng n EMRP. (Xem hnh trn).

Nh trong hnh th mi EMRP x l cho mt EM.

Mt EM thng l mt khung c trang b vi mt s cc board mch in,nhng n cng c th l mt board mch n. Chng hn:

i vi khi giao tip thu bao th mt EM l mt khung gm 16 board giaotip ng dy thu bao (mi board cha 8 LIC, mi LIC kt ni n mt thu bao))v mt s board khc nh EMTS (Extension module time switch), KRC (key-set codereception circuit), EMRP (Extension module regional processor), ETB (Exchange

terminal board), SLCT (Subscriber line circuit tester), RG (Ringing generator). Mt TSM (chuyn mch thi gian trong chuyn mch nhm) l mt khung

cha 18 board mch in. y l mt EM.

Mt ETC (trung k s) l mt board trong mt khung. y cng l mt EM.

Thit b ca mt EM c thc iu khin bi mt s cc b x l vng (RP)qua mt bus gi l bus module mrng (EMB: Extension Module Bus).

Trong mi thit b s c DP, n siu khin cc chc nng trong thit b.

Chng hn nh chng ta xt DP trong mch LIB n s c cc chc nng sau:

ng cc reley Test, Ring, o cc.

Kho mch (lockout).

Cp pht khe thi gian


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2.2.KHI XUT NHP IOG 20C

2.2.1.Cc chc nng ca khi IOG 20 C

iu khin d liu vo/ra b x l trung tm CP. D liu c th l ch v schng hn nh lnh, cnh bo, thng tin in ra t my tnh, d liu tnh cc v thng

k, d liu cng c th l nh phn.IOG 20C x l 2 loi truyn d liu:

Alphanumeric transport: c s dng cho thng tin ngi my. V d: cclnh v in ra. Cc thit b cho vic truyn d liu Alphanumeric l cc my in v mytnh c nhn.

Truyn file: c s dng cho vic lu tr bn ngoi v x l s lng ln dliu. V d: lu d liu cc v d liu np li. Cc thit b cho vic truyn file baogm cc bng t, a cng, a quang v a mm. Lin kt d liu c s dng cho

vic truyn d liu file t xa.IOG c yu cu cung cp thng tin cnh bo lin quan n cnh bo bn

trong (t APT, APZ, v c IOG) cng nh cnh bo ngoi (nhit , m) thngqua bng cnh bo hay my tnh. Lu gi tp trung thng tin bng a cng, a quanghoc a mm

IOG 20C c cc chc nng:

Truyn d liu. V d: truyn d liu cc n trung tm x l t xa.

Np li CP. X l s liu thng k.

Gii thiu cc chc nng I/O mi m khng lm nh hng n lu lngtrong tin trnh.

iu khin cc tng i iu khin tng qua cc lung d liu t trung tmbo dng.

Giao tip vi Magnetic Tape Group (MTG). Mt MTG l mt nhm cc thit b

bng t c thc s dng sao lu d liu hoc xut d liu cc.2.2.2. Cu trc phn cng chnh:

IOG c cc phn cbn sau:

Cc Bus RP giao tip gia IOG v CP.

B x l vi phn mm cn thit iu khin cc b phn khc,chun on li v truyn tn hiu n CP.

C cc thit b nhngoi.

Trao i d liu trn ng data link (tc thp v cao) theo haiphng thc ng b v bt ng b.


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C thit bu cui giao tip ngi v my.

Xut cnh bo ra thit b ngoi.

Board ngun: Cung cp ngun cho tt c cc board mch trong subrackbng mt sau vi ngun vo l 48V, ngun ra l +5 v +/-12 V.

Hnh 2.9: Cu trc phn cng ca IOG 20 C.

2.2.3.Cc phn h trong IOG 20C

Trong IOG 20 C c th phn ra cc h thng nh hn nhsau:

2.2.3.1.SPS (h thng xl h tr):

Phn cng SPS gm c cc phn cbn sau:

B xl h trSP (Support Processor):B x l h trtrong IOG 20 l b vi xl Motorola 68060, c gi l CPU60 vi dung lng nh32 MB. Trong IOG th SP,mi trng File v phn giao tip vi CP hnh thnh mt node, hai node hnh thnh

mt SPG. IOG 20 gm hai SP c ni vi nhau bng bus lin kt ICB, y l busEthernet, CPU60 giao tip vi bus Ethernet bng mt trc, giao tip vi bus SCSI-2,bus VME v ngun bng mt sau, v bus RP c gi l ng d liu. Mi SP c


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gi l mt node, kt ni logic gia CP v SP thng qua RPV(hoc RPV2). CPU60 chai cng RS232 mt trc ni vi u cui vo ra, cng ny giao tip tc 4800baud.

RPV hay RPV2:l b phn giao tip gia RP bus v SP. N truyn v nhn bn

tin t CP. RPV chuyn i giao tip bus RP song song ti Bus VME (Versa ModuleEurocard). RPV2 chuyn i giao tip bus RP ni tip ti Bus VME. Board ny giaotip vi bus RP ni tip mt trc v giao tip vi b ngun vi bus VME mt sau.

VSA: VME to SCSI-2 Adapter l board chuyn i bus VME thnh bus SCSI-2ring bit dng giao tip vi a quang.

Hnh 2.10: Cc h thng con ca IOG 20C.

Cc phn h khc trong CP

Cc tp tin In rac Ghi Lnh Cnh bo

FMSXl tp tin

SPSGim st

MCSLnh, cnh bo

in ra

CP-PS giao tip SPS

FMSXl truy

nhp tp tin

MCSLnh,cnhbo in ra

DCSGiao tip

mng

SPSGim st h

thng

Cnh bongoi

Bng cnhboOD FD HD

Du cui ng truyn DL

SP

CP


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2.2.3.2.MCS (h thng giao tip ngi v my):

Phn cng ca MCS l giao din cnh bo gm c hai board: ALCPU vALEXP.

ALCPU(Alarm Central Processor Unit) l board giao din cnh bo, n

c hai cng V.24 giao tip vi LUM v qut gi, kt ni vi ngun v busVME mt sau.l board x l trong h thng cnh bo, n c cc chc nngiu khin nh:

Truyn cnh bo ra h thng bn ngoi.

Nhn cnh bo ngoi t tng i qua vng kt ni cnh bo EXRANG 20.

Giao tip V.24 (2400 baud) vi host (SP hoc RP/EMRP).

Giao tip V.24 (2400 baud) vi qut.

Kt ni vi board ALEXP mt sau v iu khin mn hnh cnh bo.

ALEXP(Alarm Expansion) l board m rng trong h thng cnh boca IOG 20, c iu khin bi ALCPU qua mt sau. Board ny c mt giaodin t 1 n 4 bng cnh bo (ALD 1 n ALD 4).

Ngoi ra cn c cc thit bu cui giao tip gia ngi v my nhPC , my in, bng cnh bo

2.2.3.3.FMS (h thng qun l File):

a cng HD: IOG 20 C ch c mt a cng mi node, dung lng l 2hoc 4 Gb, a cng lu gi nhiu loi thng tin khc nhau: phn mm sao lu trongchuyn mch AXE, d liu trao i gia CP v SP, d liu tnh cc v thng k. Bx l trung tm c th ti d liu t hai ngun: b nh th cp hoc ta cng. acng kt ni vi SP nhbus SCSI-2.

a quang OD: L n v nhtp trung c thc, ghi v ghi li c.OD ch yuc dng cho vic sao lu CP v SP, d liu thng k v tnh cc. C hai loi a 5

inch (dung lng lu gi l 2x325MB hoc 2x650MB) v 3 inch (dung lng1x640MB). Tuy nhin IOG 20 C ch dng loi OD 3 inch, a quang kt ni n SPqua giao tip VSA thng qua bus SCSI-2 v VME.

a mm FD: l loi a thng dng c kch thc 3 1/2inche , c dung lng1.44Mbyte.

2.2.3.4.DCS (h thng giao tip dliu):

Card LUM:Cc cng IO trn cc card LUM kt ni ra thit b ngoi, mi

card c 4 cng (4 board m

ch nh

giao ti

p g

n trn card LUM).M

i c

ng c ch

cnng ring:


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Cng 1:l cng T-Ethernet kt ni mng Lan ni vi my tnh iu khin.

Cng 2: l cng G.703 E1 (2Mb/s), cng ni vi bng cnh bo.

Cng 3: l cng G.703 E0 (64Kb/s),cng CPT Port kt ni vi mt kia caCP(CP d phng), tc l ni vi PTB test bus.

Cng 4:l cng kt ni vi giao din V.24/V.28/V.35/V.36/X.21.

Hnh 2.11: Cc cng truy xut ca card LUM.

Cc n Led ch th:

Led Run: sng xanh th hot ng bnh thng, sng b treo. Led BM: nhp nhy th hot ng bnh thng, n tt l card cha nh

ngha hoc kha nhn cng.

Card RPV2: Board giao tip vi RP Bus ni tip mt trc, mt lng l giaotip theo bus VME v ngun. n SYS OK sng xanh th hot ng bnh thng, nSERV sng vng ang update phn mm bnh thng tt, n Term Pow sng xanhhot ng bnh thng.

Card VSA: Board chuyn i VME bus thnh SCSI-2 bus, kt ni mt boardlng.

Card ALCPU: Board giao tip cnh bo, c 2 port V.24, giao tip vi LUM vfan.

Card ALEXP: C 4 cng ra bng hin th cnh bo ngoi(y l tham s tychn vi giao thc TCP/IP), c iu khin bi ALCPU nh sau:

Cng 5000 hay 23: cnh bo s khng xut ra cng ny.

Cng 5001: cnh bo s xut ra cng ny.


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Cng 5010: cho php gn gi tr cng NVT khi truy nhp v cnh bo s khngxut ra cng ny.

Cng 5011: cho php gn gi tr cng NVT khi truy nhp v cnh bo scxut ra cng ny.

Gi tr NVT c chia thnh 2 di:0-127 dng nhn d liu t tng i,khng cho php vo lnh. 128-998 dng nh cng bnh thng.

2.2.4.Giao tip cnh bo h thng

Cnh bo c pht ra khi xy ra li bn trong h thng hay tnh trng bt thngt bn ngoi nh hng n chc nng h thng. Cnh bo c phn loi theo chcnng th hin bi v trn theo chiu ngang trn phin cnh bo nh sau:

APT: cnh bo t pht lin quan n chc nng ng dng.

APZ: cnh bo t pht lin quan n chc nng iu khin.

POWER: cnh bo t pht lin quan n chc nng cp ngun.

EXT: cnh bo t cc h thng kt ni bn ngoi.

OBS: cnh bo v trng thi khng bnh thng trong h thng do lnh tc ng.

Cnh bo cn c phn loi theo cp nghim trng th hin bi v trntheo chiu ng nh sau:

A1: cnh bo t pht cp rt nghim trng

A2: cnh bo t pht cp nghim trng.

A3: cnh bo t pht cp t nghim trng.

O1: cnh bo do tc ng cp nghim trng.

O2: cnh bo do tc ng cp t nghim trng.

Hnh 2.12: M t bng cnh bo i AXE 810


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4.1.3.Nguyn l khi phc li h thng.

Ty theo tnh cht v mc li h thng, qu trnh khi phc c th din ra tng hoc cn c s can thip ca ngi vn hnh. Vic khi ng li h thng cntun theo nguyn tc chung l t cp thp n cao nh tng thit b, khi chc nng

n c h thng gim thiu kh nng tc ng n qu trnh x l lu thoi. Qutrnh t phc hi ca h thng cng din ra theo nguyn tc trn vi cp nh sau:

Khi ng li cp thp (Small restart): Cp ny ch tc ng n cccuc gi ang trong giai on thit lp, khng nh hng n cc cuc gi cthit lp.

Khi ng li cp cao (Large restart): Nu mt li mi xy ra trong vng10 pht sau khi khi ng li cp thp, h thng s tng khi ng li vi cp cao hn. Cp ny s tc ng n tt c cc cuc gi.

Np li phn mm v d liu h thng: Nu mt li mi xy ra trong vng 10pht sau khi khi ng li cp cao th h thng s tng np li phn mm lu trd phng trn a cng. Cp ny din ra kh lu, nh hng n ton b h thng.

Hnh 2.13: Nguyn l phc hi h thng khi li xy ra

Li phnmm

Khi ngli cp

cao.

Khi ngli cp

thp

Li phnmm

Li phnmm

Li phnmm


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2.3.KHI CHUYN MCH APT

2.3.1 Chc nng cbn ca khi chuyn mch.

Chn la, thit lp v gii ta cc ng ting, ng bo hiu u qua chuynmch nhm.

Gim st ng Data link giao tip kt ni vi chuyn mch.

Duy tr sn nh v chnh xc tn s clock cho mc ch ng b mng.

2.3.2.Cu trc chuyn mch

H thng chuyn mch ca tng i AXE 810 l GS890.

GS890 da trn cu trc chuyn mch khng gian v thi gian.

Phn chuyn mch ca GS890 c tch hp trong card XDB, dung lng

chuyn mch 16KMup/1board XDB.Sau y ta s tm hiu c th cu trc vnguyn l chuyn mch c tch hp trong card XDB.

B chuyn mch ca tng i AXE l s kt hp gia hai khi chuyn mch thigian TSM v khi chuyn mch khng gian SPM da trn nguyn l chuyn mch batng T-S-T.

Hnh 14: Nguyn l chuyn mch ba tng T-S-T.

2.3.2.1.Nguyn l chuyn mch thi gian TSM

V TSM x l cc mu theo hai chiu nn ta cn hai b nh thoi: mt cho ccmu i vo TSM (b nhthoi A, SSA) v mt cho cc mu i ra khi TSM (b nh

thoi B, SSB). Mi b nhthoi c mt b nhiu khin ring: CSA v CSB.TSM cng c b nhiu khin cho SPM gi l CSC.


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Hnh 2.15: Cc b nhthoi v b nhiu khin trong TSM.

Mi TSM trong chuyn mch nhm c 512 ng vo v ng ra, mi b nhthoica n (ch trong hnh 2.21 nh SSA v SSB) c 512 v tr ghp (MUP) vi a ch 0 511 cc cuc gi c thc kt ni. B nhiu khin hoc CSAB (l b nhkthp CSA v CSB) cng c 512 v tr.

Hnh 2.16: Cch b tr cc b nhthoi v iu khin.

512 MUPs ny cho php 16 lung PCM 32 knh hai chiu c kt ni n miTSM. Cc lung PCM ny gi l digital paths (DIP). Vic kt ni cc lung ny cthc hin ti im kt cui mng chuyn mch (SNTP 0 -15). Xem hnh 2.16.

SSA CSA0

511511

0From devices

SSB CSB0

511511

0To devices

CSC0

511

To SPM

From SPM

SPM control

TSM

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

SSA

Speech Store0

1

2

3

4

510

511

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

MUP

SSB

Speech Store0

1

2

3

4

510

511

SSA B

Control Store0

1

2

3

4

510

511

TSM


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Hnh 2.17: im kt cui mng chuyn mch (SNTP).

2.3.2.2.Nguyn l chuyn mch khng gian (SPM)

Cu trc ca SPM rt n gin v c th c a ra nh mt ma trn bnh

thng vi cc tip im.

Tt nhin, trn thc t, cc tip im ny c a ra di dng cc cng logiclm cho vic ng v mrt d dng

Hnh 2.18: Module chuyn mch khng gian, SPM.

Nh trong hnh CSC ca mi TSM iu khin mt ct cc tip im. V vy,CSC trong TSM-0 iu khin tt c cc tip im dn n TSM-0.

Khi mt cuc gi c thit lp trong chuyn mch, phn mm trung tm cakhi GS (chuyn mch nhm) s chn ng qua chuyn mch. Trong trng hpny, vic chn ng c cp khi mt mu c chuyn giao. iu ny c gil chn mt khe thi gian bn trong.

Sau khi phn mm trung tm (GSU) ca khi GS chn mt ng, phn mm

vng (GSR) c a ra vit thng tin ny trong cc b nhiu khin ca cc

TSM-0TSM-1

TSM-31

TSM-31

TSM-1TSM-0

CSC inTSM-0

CSC inTSM-31

Samplesfrom TSM

Addressesfrom CSC

Samplesto TSM

SPM

TSM

SNTP 0

SNTP 15

Channels031

To and fromGSS


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TSM c lin quan.T lc ny tri, GSU s khng quan tm n vic kt ni cho nkhi cuc gi kt thc.

2.3.2.3.Chuyn mch nhm GSS

H thng chuyn mch nhm GSS( Group Switching Subsystem ) thc hin

vic kt ni mt knh vo ti mt knh ra .GSS thy r qua nguyn l lm vic catng chuyn mch ( T-S-T) s dng trong i AXE thc hin vic chuyn mch.Trong , c mt ng vo(inlet) v mt ng ra(outlet) trn device/channel m ncho php device truyn i hoc nhn v.

V c rt nhiu loi device khc nhau c kt ni ti GS qua mt cng giaotip gi l SNT. Vy SNT l mt chun giao tip thit b s dng cho tt c ccdevice thuc h thng thoi kt ni ti chuyn mch.

bo m tnh mm do, chuyn mch nhm (Group Switch) c thit k vkt cu thnh cc module chun nh chuyn mch thi gian TSM ( Time Switch

Modules ) v chuyn mch khng gian SPM( Space Modules). S lng ca TSM vSPM yu cu trong 1 tng i ty thuc vo rt nhiu vo s device h thng inthoi c dng trong chuyn mch (telephony devices available in the switch).

V d : C ti 16 ng PCM c th kt ni vo mi mt module chuynmch thi gian TSM( Time Switch Module.) Mi mt ng PCM c 32 knh(channel). C ngha l mi mt TSM c 16X32 = 512 ng vo ( inlets), hoc gi

l MUP (Multiple Positions) thut ng dng chnh mt li vo / li ra ( inlet /outlet) trong h thng chuyn mch nhm GS .Mi mt ng PCM kt ni tichuyn mch thi gian (TSM) mt im u cui chuyn mch( Switching NetworkTerminal Point) gi l SNTP. V u cui mng chuyn mch gi l SNT vit tt cadng ch Switching Network Terminal . Vy SNT l mt thut ng chung cho ttc cc loi thit b m chng c th kt ni vo chuyn mch nhm Group Switch.SNT l mt khi nim phn mm v i din cho s kt ni phn mm ca phn cngvt l ni ti chuyn mch nhm .

Cc device c kt ni ti phn cng ca chuyn mch nhm thit b AXE810 thc t nh sau :

-u tin l cc device kt ni qua DL2 board lng ( backplane) ca GDMsubrack c cha b ghp cc ng lin kt s DLMUX (Digital Link Multiplexers ) l board DLHB (Digital LinkMultiplexer Half-Height Board ).

-16 ng DL2 c DLHB ghp thnh 1 ng DL3 (Digital Link Interface3rd generation) . V ng DL3 c cp kt ni t board DLHB ti TSM ca chuynmch nhm .


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C mt tiu chun giao tip ring kt ni cc device tng t (analoguedevices ) ti chuyn mch nhm ( Group Switch) c gi l PCD. PCD l mt bchuyn i s sang tng t (analogue/digital).

Hnh 2.19: M t cc device kt ni ti

2.3.2.4.San ton ca chuyn mch

Chuyn mch nhm GSS trang b 2 mt ging ht nhau gi l mt A v mt B ,v lm vic song song . Cu hnh ny loi b vic tt c cc cuc gi b rt hoc s ckhi 1 TSM b kha .Hai mt hon ton c lp vi nhau v tt c cc cc n v kt niti GS u kt ni ti 2 mt . Cc mu tin ting ni u gi ti c 2 mt nhng d liuem v ch mt mt, thng l mt A

Mt bit chn la mt c s dng Plane Select Bit bo cc n v kt nivo GS bit chn la thng tin t mt no ( A hoc B ) .

Hnh 2.20: M t nguyn l s dng Plane Select Bit


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Khi mt TSM mt A b kha mt mt th tt c cc kt ni ca TSM mt As s dng mt TSM mt B . Khi c 2 mt b kha ht th khng th thit lp cucgi c gia cc TSM , trng hp ny phn mm ca GSS s to ra mt cnh borng lu thoi b gii hn GS.

2.3.3.M t phn cng ca b chuyn mch trong tng i AXE 810Phn cng ca b thc hin chc nng chuyn mch trong tng i AXE 810

c lp t ti subrack GEM (Generic Ericssion Magazine).

XDB

XDB

SCB-RP

SCB-RP

8 D E V I C E S L O T SIRB

CGB_

0

(CGB_

1)

CDB

9 D E V I C E S L O T SCDB

Hnh 2.21 : Subrack GEM

GEM c 26 khe cm card, c phn lm hai mt hot ng song song gi l mtA v mt B. Trong mt A c 8 khe Device Slots cm card DLEB, 1 card SCP-RP, 1 card XDB, 1 card IRB, 1 card CGB (chim 2 khe). Bn mt B c 9 khe DeviceSlots cm card DLEB, 1 card SCP-RP, 1 card XDB v 2 card CDB.

2.3.3.1.Chc nng ca GEM:

Chc nng chnh ca GEM l chuyn mch, phn chuyn mch gi l GS890c tch hp trong card XDB, dung lng chuyn mch 16 KMup/1 Board XDB.

(Nh chng ta bit, 32 TSMs c th kt ni n mt SPM, dn n b chuyn mchnhm c 32x 512 = 16384 ng vo, loi chuyn mch nhm ny thng c gi l16K).

Kt ni ti hai mt ca CP( mt A -CP A; mt B -CP B) qua card SCP-RP.

Chc nng to xung clock.

Cc chc nng khc: kt ni ti GDM (qua card DLEB), giao tip truyn dnSTM-1(ni trc tip vi truyn dn bng cng ngh SDH), giao tip E 1 (qua card

ETC 5) ti v tinh hay i khc, Annoucement (qua card M-AST), iu khin cc loibo hiu :bo hiu s 7, R 2, V 5.1 qua card RPG-3.


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Hnh 2.22: GEM v phn giao tip

2.3.3.2.Chc nng tng card trong GEM:

2.3.3.2.a.Card SCB-RP (Support and Connection Board):

Mi GEM c 2 card SCB-RP lm nhim v gim st cc cng vic bo dngBus v nhn tn hiu iu khin t CP qua RP Bus ni tip (RPB-S), kt ni v lcngun -48 V cung cp cho cc thit b trong GEM. C 2 loi card SCB-RP, mt loic giao tip Ethernet v mt loi khng c giao tip Ethernet. Card SCB-RP c ccchc nng chnh sau:

Phn phi ngun (-48v) trong ton subrack GEM.

Phn phi TPB-S n tt c cc card trong subrack GEM.

i vi SCB-RP c giao tip Ethernet th c kh nng x l thng tin cao giacc card trong GEM cng nh gia cc GEM trong h thng.

SCB-RP c cha 1 RPI.

X l cnh bo ngoi.

2.3.3.2.b.Card CGB (Clock Generation Board):

To xung ng hng b cho h thng. B phn to xung ng h gi lCL890 c tch hp trong card CGB c cu trc nh hnh v sau:


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Hnh 2.23 : Mch to xung ng h

m bo tin cy, trong CGB c hai my dao ng hot ng song song,to tn hiu ng h cung cp cho i hot ng (ch c th gi ni i). lin lcvi i khc th phi ly xung ng h chun ca mng quc gia. Tn hiu ng hc ly ti khc qua card IRB cung cp cho CGB, qua my dao ng c ngb bng cch so pha, sau khi ng bc tn hiu ny c ly lm xung ng hchun cung cp cho tng i.

2.3.3.2.c.Card IRB(Incoming Reference Board):Ly tn hiu ng h ca tng i khc cp cao hn (VTN, HOST ) cung cp

cho CGB so snh ng b vi ng h ni i lm tn hiu ng h ch cung cp chocard CDB phn pht n XDB. Card IRB c 3 cng u vo tham chiu cc ngunng h bn ngoi (ng b 8Khz (tn s ly mu) , ng b 2 MHz ,ng b 2 Mb/s(ng bo hiu)).

2.3.3.2.d.Card DLEB (Digital Link Extension Board):

Card DLEB c 4 cng, mi cng s ni n 1 GDM, nh vy 1 DLEB c th nin 4 GDM kt ni vo chuyn mch.Cc DLEB mt B d phng cho cc DLEBtng ng mt A.

2.3.3.2.e.Card CDB(Clock Distribution Board):

Sau khi CGB v IRB ng bc vi nhau sc ni ti CDB. Sau CDBs phn pht n cc XDB. Trong 1 GEM c 2 card CDB k hiu l CDB 0 v CDB1. C th v vic phn pht clock sc miu t kphn di y.

2.3.3.2.f.Card XDB(Swiching Distribution Board):

L thnh phn ct li trong GEM, m nhim chc nng chuyn mch. Cu hnhchuyn mch ca XDB da trn hai m un chuyn mch thi gian v khng gian vi


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nguyn l chuyn mch 3 tng T-S-T. Dung lng chuyn mch ca mt card XDB l16 KMup.

Cc cng ca XDB: Card XDB c 12 cng ni vi cc card khc, trong c 2cng l Clock 0 v Clock 1 ly tn hiu ng h t card CDB, c 10 cng ni vi

cc XDB khc trong ma trn chuyn mch.10 cng chia thnh hai nhm: Nhm 1 gm 7 cng ni vi cc XDB khc cng hng trong ma trn chuyn

mch.

Nhm 2 gm 3 cng ni vi cc XDB khc cng ct.

Nh hnh v sau:

Hnh 2.24: Cc cng ca card XDB

2.3.4. Ma trn chuyn mch

Hnh 2.25: Ma trn chuyn mch 32 GEM


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Ma trn chuyn mch c kch cti a l 32 phn t (c 4 hng, 8 ct).Trong mi phn t l 1 GEM (Generic Ericssion Magazine).

Mt GEM c dung lng chuyn mch l 16 KMup (16x1024=16384 Mup).Mup(multiple position) cn gi l time slot (khe thi gian), ngha l 1 GEM c 16384 khe

thi gian c ng vo v ng ra, nh vy ti cng mt thi im 1 GEM c th chuynmch ti a 16384/2=8192 cuc gi.

Vi tng i c mng chuyn mch kch c ti a (32 GEM) th dung lngchuyn mch ln n 512 KMup, x l ti a 262144 thu bao gi vo cng mtlc.Khi tng i c th qun l mt mng vin thng vi trn 2 triu thu bao mkh c khi xy ra tc nghn. Thc t, nc ta cha c mng no c th s dng htdung lng 512 KMup c, nn nu lp t tng i vi mng chuyn mch 32 phn tnh trn th v cng lng ph. V vy ty vo nhu cu ca tng mng m ta xy dng

tng i vi mng chuyn mch va phi ph hp vi yu cu ca mng. Cch xydng ma trn chuyn mch nh sau:

Ty theo nhu cu ca mng, ta c th xy dng ma trn chuyn mch vi 3 mccu hnh nh sau:

Dung lng 16 KMup (ma trn ch mt phn t: 1 GEM)

Dung lng


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Cn ch rng khi ta xy dng ma trn chuyn mch theo cu hnh


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i vi cu hnh


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2.4.KHI TRUNG K V BO HIU TSS

2.4.1.Cc chc nng ca TSS :

iu khin kt ni lu thoi gia AXE vi cc tng i khc trn mng.

Nng gim st v kt ni vi tt c cc h thng bo hiu khc nhau nh R2, C7 vn cng thch ng vi tt c nhng h thng bo hiu ring ca quc gia.

Gim st v kim tra cc trung k.

Thng dch cc tn hiu bn ngoi (n AXE) v cc tn hiu phn mm bntrong AXE.

2.4.2.Cu trc phn cng v cc khi chc nng ca TSS:

Phn cng bao gm cc board mch kt ni cc ng trung k v cc thit b

bo hiu vi tng chuyn mch.Magazine cha cc card ca TSS c gi l GDM(Generic Device

Magazine).Cu trc chung ca subrack GDM l c 20 khe cm card,trong c 2 cardRP4, hai card DLHB v 16 card DEV (khe cm a nng ty vo nhu cu s dng ca tam lp t cc card chuyn dng nh ETC, PDSPL, RPG3...).

Hnh 2.29: Subrack GDM

2.4.2.1Cc giao tip trong GMD:

48V-A & -48V-B: ngun cp cho magazine qua v tr RP4, ni n cc cardthit b qua -48V-A v -48V-B.(Trong RP4 cha module phn phi chomagazine).

EMB2/M-A-0,1&EMB2/M-B-0,1( Extension module bus v.2 magazineinternal bus): EMB2/M-A-0,1kt ni RP4-A vi 8 thit b, EMB2/M-B-0,1ktni RP4-B vi 8 thit b cn li.

DL2B-A & DL2B-B(Digital Link 2 Backplane): mi bus ny s kt ni tt ccc thit bn mt HDLB.


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RPB-S/M-A-0,1,2 & RPB-S/M-B-0,1,2(Regional Processor Bus - Serial): ktni RP4-A v RP4-B ti cc thit bv tr 5, 6, 7.

MB-A-0,1,2 & MB-B-0,1,2(Maintenance Bus): Bus ny dng tm v nhnra li trn cc board thit b, kt ni tt c cc thit bn RP4-A, RP4-B.

Hnh 2.30:Cc giao tip trong GDM

2.4.2.2.Cu trc phn cng cc khi chc nng ca TSS:

Hnh 2.31: Cc khi chc nng ca TSS.

2.4.2.2.a.DLHB(Digital Link Multiplexer Half Height Board):

Mch ghp lung s : lm vic nh b ghp knh, kt ni n GS bng DL3,trong mi DL3 ghp tt c 16 DL2.


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Card lm nhim v kt ni ti GEM qua card DLEB ca GEM. Hai card DLHBtrong GDM xem nhi xng nhau mi card ph trch mt mt v cng kt ni ncp DLEB i xng trong cng mt GEM. Mt DLEB c 4 cng cn mt DLHB c 1cng, mt DLEB c kt ni n 4 DLHB, ngha l 1 DLEB c th kt ni n 4GDM.

2.4.2.2.b.ETC(Exchange Terminal Circuit):

L Board mch u cui, giao tip vi lung trung k s. ETC kt ni vi GS,RSS thng qua ng PCM 2Mbits/s. C ngha l ETC p ng vic gim st trnng PCM, tuy nhin mt mnh card ETC khng iu khin vic gim st ny,mt s phn mm khc s cng thc hin vic ny.C hai loi ET l:

ETC-5, loi ny c dung lng 2Mbit/s, trn mi ETC-5 c ba u ni dngcho: (Protected Monitoring Point ), giao tip vi module ng h hoc thit b bo

hiu, giao tip vi lung s. Trong mi GDM c ti a 16 ETC-5.

ET-155, 155 chnh l 155Mbit/s, mch ET-155 thay th cho 63 mch ETC-5.

Lu rng ETC khng thc hin bin i s thnh tng t nn khi s dng vitruyn dn tng t cn c thm mt thit b bin i l ba hp MUX(Multiplexer).

2.4.2.2.c.PDSPL( Pooled Digital Signalling Processor, Low capacity platformboard):

L mch cha 16 hoc 32 thit b(ty thuc vo phin bn), mi thit b cnhng chc nng khc nhau, trong quan trng nht l CSR(Code Sender Receiver).CSR l 1 b thu pht m, dng gi cc tn hiu thanh ghi MFC(Multi FrequencySignalling) kt ni trc tip n GS. S lng mch CSR c th c trong mi PDSPLty thuc vo lu lng.

2.4.2.2.d.PCD-D(Pulse Code Modulation Device-Digital):

Dng ghp knh ng ra 64 Kbits/s ca thit b bo hiu ST(SignallingTerminal) vo h thng PCM 2Mbits/s n GS.

ST(Signalling Terminal): dng thu v gi cc bn tin bo hiu s 7 thucphn h bo hiu knh chung s 7 (CCS No 7). C hai dng ST l:

RPG3( Regional Processor with Group switch interface no3): l mt RPGc ni vo bus x l cng ni tip (RPB-S:Serial Regional Processor Bus).. RPG3kt ni n DLHB, ty DLHB s ghp 16 lung DL2 thnh lung DL3 ni nGS.

Mt dng khc ca ST l S7V35, loi ST ny khng kt ni n GS, n l

mt EM c iu khin bi cp RP4 trong GDM. Tc ca S7C35 l 56kbit/s.


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2.4.2.3.Cc khi phn mm chc nng thc hin nhim v bo hiu

Hnh 2.32: Cc khi phn mm thc hin nhim v bo hiu s 7.

C7ST2(C7 Signalling Terminal): l khi iu khin lin kt bo hiu mc 2cho chc nng bo hiu knh chung. C cc chc nng:

Thu nhn v truyn pht cc n v tn hiu bn tin (MSU).

Tn hiu bt u vn hnh v bo dng ca u cui bo hiu.

iu hnh EM.

Khi u v khi ng li u cui bo hiu.

Kt ni bn thng trc thit b chuyn mch qua chuyn mch nhm.

C7DR2(C7 Distribution Discrimination and Routing): cha cc chc nng vphn loi, phn phi, chuyn tip lu lng v bn tin nh tuyn ca h thng bohiu C7. Khi ny c cc thng tin ni gi ti trong cc n v bo hiu. Trong giihn ca mt bn tin, n s gi ti ngi s dng ng, hay ni cch khc bn tin c

nh tuyn li.C7BTC(C7Bothway Trunk Coordinator): l khi qun l v iu phi ton b

vic iu hnh BT. C7BTC iu khin bt gi v gii ta cc bn d liu thit b trncuc gi thng thng ng thi qun l cc d liu thit b v nh tuyn. iu phitn hiu lin quan gia cc khi chc nng khc.

C7OTH(C7 Outgoing Traffic Handler): khi ny gm cc chc nng iukhin lu lng ng ra.

CSR(Code Sender and Receiver): l khi c chc nng nhn v gi tn hiuquay s, khi c chc nng bo hiu MFC/MFP( Multi-Frequency Compelled orPulsed).


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Khi ET(Exchange Terminal) khi u cui tng i:C chc nng iu hnhv bo dng mch giao tip kt ni vi GS l ETC, ng truyn chnh caDIP(Digital Path), ng b cho DIP.Khi ny lin h mt thit vi khi BT, hay nicch khc khi ET thc hin gim st v khi BT iu khin lu thoi. Trong CardETC mch gim st sc cc cnh bo c thu v trn TS_0 (Time Slot 0) v TS_16khi c mt li c pht hin, v d nh mt cnh bo, mt li trt bit, thng tin sc gi n STR l phn mm x l cc b ca ET, sau thng tin ny sc gitip n ETU l phn mm x l trung tm ca khi ET, hng pht i phn mmtrung tm ca khi ET c th gi tn hiu cnh bo yu cu ETR vit thng tin vo ccthanh ghi ti ETC.

Khi BT(Bothway Trunk)p ng cho cc chc nng lin quan n vic iuhnh lu thoi ca cc lung trung k vo v ra, nu mt tn hiu ng dy cn c

gi i trn TS_16 th khi BT s gi tn hiu n khi ET v khi ny s chuyn tnhiu n phn cng m khng thc hin bt c x l no ht, n ch chuyn tn hiuti phn cng ETC. Mi knh trong lung trung k tng ng vi mt knh trong BT.

phn bit cc loi trung k khc nhau, phn mm iu khin trung k BT cnh m s khc nhau nh BT1, BT2... .

BTM(Bothway Trunk Maintenance): khi ny c chc nng bo dng v iuhnh cc chc nng cho cc lung trung k.

Khi DIPST( Digital Path Supervision and Test): Gim st cc ng kt ni

PCM gia ETC v tng i xa hoc DIP (Digital Path).2.4.3.TSS v bo hiu knh ring CAS:

H thng bo hiu a tn (MF: Multi Frequency): truyn kt hp m hiu trnknh thoi. Thanh ghi bo hiu c thc hin bi mch nhn v gi m hiu (CSR).CSR kt ni vi knh thoi qua tn chuyn mch GS.

Th d v thit lp cuc gi gia hai tng i s dng MFC (nh hnh di y):

Thanh ghi(RE) yu cu khi BT chn mt thit b ra trong lung c bit. Khi

chn xong, BT tr li RE hon thnh vic chim lung.(1)

RE ng k mt ng dn n GS. Sau ng dn ny sc ni nphn cng.(2)

BT c d liu n lung v tm b gi m c yu cu cho bo hiu thanhghi. Khi CSR c yu cu kt ni vi thit b BT chn.(3)

CSR c chn mt thit b v ng k GS kt ni thit b CSR vi thit bBT. ng dn c kt ni ngay lp tc khi bo hiu bt u.(4)


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Hnh 2.33: V d v thit lp cuc gi s dng MFC.

Tn hiu ca s chim gic truyn trong knh 16 ca h thng PCM s dngcho cuc gi. Khi ET(khi chc nng ca ETC) chn tn hiu ny vo.(5)

S th nht c ly t thanh ghi v gi n khi BT n khi CSR. CSR gi sn thit b phn cng c chn, ty s gi sn tng i khc.(6)

2.4.4. TSS v bo hiu knh chung C7:

Phn h bo hiu knh chung CCS trong tng i AXE-810 cung cp cho i h thng bohiu s 7 (C7). Phn cng cn thit cho kt ni bo hiu knh chung:

Hnh 2.34: Phn cng cn thit cho kt ni bo hiu knh chung.

GS

DLHB

DLHB RPG3-ST

ETC0 16

32

Knh bo hiu

64Kbit/s/ST2.048Mbit/s/ST


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Cuc gi c thit lp gia hai tng i kt ni qua mt lung trc tip, bohiu truyn qua STP, bn tin bo hiu C7 c gi trn ng bo hiu n STP. STPs kim tra a ch (DPC:Destination Point Code) v hng bn tin ny n tng iB.

Th d v thit lp cuc gi gia hai tng i s dng bo hiu knh chung(C7):

Hnh 2.35: phn cng v phn mm cho cuc gi s dng C7

(1) Thanh ghi(khi chc nng RE) trong phn hiu khin lu thoi ng kchn thit bng ra. Khi v lung c ch ra trong phn tch lung.

(2) Khi xc nh r rng cuc gi l ng ra, khi C7BTC yu cu khiC7OTH h tr. y l khi iu khin giao thc cho lu thoi ng ra.

(3) Thanh ghi chuyn giao tt c d liu (d liu ca thu bao ch gi, thu bao

b gi) cn thit cho bn tin n khi C7OTH.

GS

DLHB

ETCn STP

GS C7BTC

C7OTHRE

PHN MMSNT

PCD-D RPG2-ST

PHN CNG

C7ST2

C7DR2

ETCThoi

(

13

2

4

5

Phn h bo hiuknh chung

Phn h bo hiuv trung k

Phn h chuynmch nhm

Phn hiukhin lu thoi


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(4) Khi C7OTH nhm thnh mt n v bn tin bo hiu(MSU: MessageSignalling Unit), gi n n khi C7DR2. MSU c gi trn ng kt ni n STP.Khi C7DR2 s dng m im ti(DPC:Destination Point Code) v d liu c tibi lnh tm ng kt ni thch hp.

(5) Bc cui cng l gi MSU n u cui bo hiu thch hp. Khi C7ST2sm nhn vai tr ny. Trong trng hp ny nu xy ra mt li no th ST iukhin truyn li.

2.5. KHI GIAO TIP THU BAO SSS

2.5.1. Cc chc nng cbn

Khi giao tip thu bao bao gm cc chc nng cbn sau:

Cp dng in n cc ng dy thu bao.

Tp trung lu lng vo chuyn mch nhm.

Nhn cc con s t cc in thoi quay s (pulses).

Nhn cc con s t cc in thoi n phm (tones).

Gi tn hiu chung n thu bao.

Gi cc m hiu khc nhau n thu bao.

Tin hnh o trn cc ng dy thu bao.

Cc chc nng cp trn l chung cho cc thu bao, cc chc nng khc lring. Tt c cc chc nng ring u c tp trung trong mch giao tip ng dy(LIC) ca thu bao.

Sau y chng ta si nghin cu khi giao tip thu bao vi phn cng minht va c Ericsson a vo hot ng l EAR( Engine Access Ramp), h thngny c card giao tip thu bao AU 30 thu bao.

Khi giao tip thu bao xa RSS v khi giao tip thu bao gn CSS u s dngphn cng ging nhau l EAR 910. Tuy nhin n c im khc bit khi giao tip vib phn chuyn mch l RSS cn bo hiu trung k cn CSS th khng. Trc khi tmhiu phn cng EAR 910 ta xem qua s khc bit .

CSS (Central Subscriber Switch _ Khi giao tip thu bao gn): t trongtng i ni ht AXE v nm gn GSS.

RSS (Remote Subscriber Switch _ Khi giao tip thu bao xa): c th xemnh mt nt truy nhp t xa. N c t xa i.


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