01 表紙表4 - y-yokohama.com the "yokohama pneumatic rubber fender" was developed in...

ISO17357-1:2014PIANC:2002ISO17357-1:2014PIANC:2002

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION　2. COMPLIANCE WITH ISO17357-1:2014.....1

3. ADVANTAGES.....3

5. BASIC CONSTRUCTION.....19

6. SIZES AND PERFORMANCES.....23

7. FENDER SELECTION.....33

8. SHIP-TO-SHIP APPLICATIONS.....55

3.1 Safety and Reliability3.2 No Deterioration or Variation in Performance3.3 Advantages at Inclined Berthing3.4 Most Cost Competitive System3.5 Soft Reaction Force for Ship and Jetty Structure3.6 Lower Mooring Forces under Rough Weather Conditions

3.7 Stronger against Shearing Force3.8 Adaptable to the Tide3.9 Simple and Low Cost Installation3.10 Low Maintenance Cost3.11 Shipping Cost Minimization

5.1 Outer Rubber5.2 Synthetic-tire-cord Layer5.3 Inner Rubber

5.4 Bead Ring and Flange Opening5.5 Turn-up System5.6 Air Valve and Safety Valve

6.1 Standard Sizes6.2 Performance Table6.3 Safety Design and Pressure Requirements

7.1 Ship-to-Ship7.2 Ship-to-Jetty7.3 Required Data for Securing Fenders

8.1 Installation Examples8.2 Equipments8.3 Installation Photographs

10.1 Small and medium-size (Size:φ500～φ2000).10.2 Large-size (Size:φ2500～φ4500).

9.1 Installation Methods9.2 Equipments9.3 Dimension of Jetty for Installation

9.4 Installation Photographs

APPENDIX TYPICAL SHIP CHARACTERISTICSAp-1 Oil TankerAp-2 Gas CarrierAp-3 Bulk CarrierAp-4 General Cargo Ship

Ap-5 Container ShipAp-6 Passenger ShipAp-7 Ferry

THE YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO., LTD.reserves the right to modify data and designs without notice.

6.4 Fender Compression Speed6.5 Temperature Effect

4.1 Pressure Rating 4.2 Type Ⅰ (Net Type)

4.3 Type Ⅱ (Sling Type)4.4 Design Variations

4. PRESSURE RATING, TYPES AND VARIATIONS.....11

10. MAINTENANCE TOOLS.....66

11. PRECAUTIONS ON HANDLING.....68

9. SHIP-TO-JETTY APPLICATIONS.....58

1

The "Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fender" was developed in 1958 based on a rubber

company's technology for automobile tires and rubber aircraft fuel tanks. Progress

in the development of such floating pneumatic rubber fenders is closely related to the

progress and development of ship technology, and has to continuously cope with

progressively larger oil tankers such as VLCC's, ULCC's, large gas carriers, bulk

carriers and floating structures. Floating pneumatic fenders are used world wide for

ship-to-ship (STS) transfer operations, terminals, and for all kinds of ships. Since its

creation until today, more than 60,000 fenders have been supplied worldwide both for

ship-to-ship and ship-to-dock operations serving our valuable customers.

These fenders play a critical role in the safe operation of ship berthing and mooring.

1. INTRODUCTION

ISO17357:2002, “the standard of high pressure of floating pneumatic rubber fenders”,

had been published in 2002 under growing needs for international standardization

specified material, performance and dimensions of floating pneumatic fenders to prevent

variety of originally designed products with low quality had been introduced into the

market.

In 2014, ISO17357:2002 had been renewed as 1st edition of ISO17357-1:2014 to

strengthen its standard concerning design, material and certification of floating

pneumatic fender.

Although the structure is maintained from ISO17357:2002 to ISO17357-1: 2014 as shown

in Fig , new requirements and new design listed below are added in ISO17357-1:2014

aiming at higher berthing operation safe.

The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. confirms that its Pneumatic Rubber Fenders,

Pneumatic P50 & P80, fully comply with all requirements of ISO17357-1:2014.

2. COMPLIANCE WITH ISO17357-1:2014

Remarks:The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd confirms that all its Pneumatic 50 and 80 fully comply with all requirements of ISO17357-1:2014.Performance Confirmation of Prototype fender test shall be done every ten years.

( i ) GENERAL INFORMATION ( ii ) PERFORMANCE ( iii ) DOCUMENTATION

- Scope- Normative References- Terms and Definitions- Classification- Ordering or Inquiring Information - General Requirements

- Performance Requirements (A)- Prototype Testing (B)- Commercial Test & Inspection (C)

- Marking- Documentation & Certificates- Inspection & Evaluation

- Energy, Reaction, Hull Pressure- Minimum Endurable Pressure- Hydro-Static Testing Pressure

- Parallel Compression Test - Angular Compression Test - Durability Test- Compression-Recovery Test - Puncture-Resistance Test

- Material Test-Rubber- Dimensional Inspection- Air Leakage Test - Hydrostatic-Pressure Test

(A) (B) (C)

YOKOHAMA PNEUMATIC FLOATING FENDERS 50 & 80

INTR

OD

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IS

O17

357-

1:20

14

2 YOKOHAMA PNEUMATIC FLOATING FENDERS 50 & 80

Vessel A1

Vessel B

Flange opening and metal parts.

No flange opening and no metal parts.

a

New Requirement (1) Diameter of the bead ring or other steel material around the flange opening shall be

less than 0.20 D (D: fender diameter) to make metal parts safe from permanent

deformation when it gets over compression near to 80%.

New designType I Single — Net type and one end with no flange opening and no metal parts

The flange opening shall be at only one end for Type I Single and no metal parts shall

be at the other end to make that end safe from permanent deformation when it gets

over compression.

(2)The performance confirmation of prototype fender test shall be done every ten years.

(3) Layer made of synthetic-tyre-cord fabric, which maintains the internal air pressure of

the fender. The canvas fabric shall not be used for the high pressure pneumatic floating

fender.

Synthetic-tyre-cord

0.2D

Canvas fabric

Bead ring

Cover plate

Mouth metal

Air chargevalveAir valve

Safety valve

Bea

d rin

g ou

tsid

e di

amet

er

Fla

nge

open

ing

outs

ide

diam

eter

D: fender diameter

0.2D

Warp

Warp

Weft

Weft

1

1 3

2

2

INTR

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CO

MPLIA

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E WITH

ISO

17357-1:2014

3

3.1 Safety and ReliabilityYokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are constructed of several layers of strong

tire-cord, and are thus resistant to pressure and cutting. The safety factor adopted in the

design of this fender is based on accepted theory and has been proven by extensive

experimentation. Operational experience over a long period of time attests to its high

safety and reliability, and hydraulic pressure tests have proven the strength to be suitable.

Furthermore, large-size fenders are equipped with a safety valve to release the inside air

in the event of accidental over-pressure. The figure below shows data obtained from many

destructive pressure tests at various percentage compressions. Such data are used to

establish a basic minimum endurable pressure (MEP) curve for pneumatic rubber fenders.

3. ADVANTAGES

Fig.3.2 Burst Test at 0% Deflection Fig.3.3 Burst Test at 60% Deflection

Fig.3-1 Burst Test Data to determine Minimum Design Requirements of MEP

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0-10 10 20 30 40 50 60 700

Pre

ssur

e ( k

Pa)

％ Deflection

MEP-3300×6500（0％）

MEP3300×6500P50-（60％）

ISO17357-1:2014MEP Requirement@0% Deflection

(350kPa)

ISO17357-1:2014MEP Requirement@60% Deflection

(511kPa)Yokohama's MEPMinimum DesignRequirement（Pneumatic 50）

700×1500L

1200×2000L

2500×4000L

1000×1500L

1350×2500L

2500×5500L

1200×1400L

1500×3000L

3300×6500L


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3.2 No Deterioration or Variation in PerformanceYokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders utilize the compressive elasticity of air, therefore

performance deterioration due to fatigue is absent.

In the case of solid rubber fenders or foam-filled fenders, based on data were taken

from comparison tests of Yokohama Fenders, there are variations in performance. Such

performance variations are associated to changes of rubber or foam hardness occurring

as a result of cyclic compression and temperature change.

In the case of Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders, if the pressure is maintained

properly, such variations are absent.

Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders also fully comply with the durability test required

by ISO17357-1:2014. After 3000 repetitive cycles, there must be no cracks or other

harmful defects on any part of the fender. Any reduction of the guaranteed energy

absorption (GEA) is not accepted.

The good performance of the Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders remains unchanged

even at temperatures under -50 degrees Centigrade (-58 degrees Fahrenheit ).

Fig.3-4 Variation in Performance on Cyclic Compression and Temperature

Table 3-1 Cyclic Compression Results for Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders

120

100

80

60

40

20

0 0

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

1 10 -50 -40 -30 -20 20 30 40 50 60-10 100100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

Rel

ativ

e R

eact

ion

For

ce（％）

Rel

ativ

e R

eact

ion

For

ce（％）

Number of Compression Cycles Temparature（℃）

Pneumatic

Solid Cell

Foam

Pneumatic

Solid Cell

Items

GEA (index)

Reaction force at GEA (index)

Deflection at GEA (%)

original

1

1

60

After 3000cycles

1

1.04

60.4


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3.3 Advantages at Inclined BerthingShips usually make initial contact with the dock or another ship on STS operations at an

oblique angle. In the case of solid rubber fenders or foam fenders, rated reaction force

and energy absorption decreases considerably at inclined compressions compared with

parallel compression. In order to compensate for the decrease of energy absorption at

inclined compression, it is necessary to use larger sizes in the case of solid rubber

fenders or foam fenders.

In the case of Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders, energy absorption does not

decrease at inclined compression up to 15 degrees.

Distribution of load is also comparatively even because of the molecular freedom of air

and high flexibility of the multi-layered cord-reinforced rubber membrane. This makes

the body of a pneumatic rubber fender more shape conformant compared to solid or

foam fenders, and thus able to better distribute the load along the hull of a ship or jetty

structure during inclined compression.

Fig.3-5 Reduction of Energy Absorption at Inclined Berthing for Pneumatic, Solid and Foam Fender

Fig.3-6 Load Distribution at Inclined Berthing for Pneumatic, Solid and Foam Fender

120

100

80

60

40

20

0100 20 30 40 50 60

Per

cent

age

of M

ax. E

nerg

y A

bsor

ptio

n

Per

cent

age

of M

ax. R

ated

Ene

rgy

Abs

orpt

ion

Compression（％） Compression（％）

120

100

80

60

40

20

0100 20 30 40 50 60

0～15° 0°5°10°

Per

cent

age

of M

ax. R

ated

Ene

rgy

Abs

orpt

ion

Compression（％）

120

100

80

60

40

20

0100 20 30 40 50 60

0°5°10°

(a) Pneumatic Fender (b) Solid Fender (c) Foam Fender

(a) Pneumatic Fender (b) Solid Fender (c) Foam Fender


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3.4 Most Cost Competitive SystemThe utilization of the compressive elasticity of air, unlike other fenders which need

protector panels, provides completely uniform surface pressure on contact, making

Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders ideal. The surface pressure of the Yokohama

Pneumatic Rubber Fenders is equal to the internal air pressure. The pressure of some

is below 150kN/m2 (15 ton/m2). Due to low and uniform surface pressure properties,

the Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are popular at LNG-ship terminals.

Remarks : The above comparison has been made based on data of Yokohama Pneumatic

fender φ3300×6500L and Yokohama Solid fender RBF2000H

Fig.3-7 Yokohama Pneumatic Fenderφ3300×6500L Fig.3-8 Yokohama Solid Fender RBF2000H

Table 3-2 Cost Competitiveness Comparison based on Uniform Surface Pressure

Pneumatic Fender

70

25

-

5

100

Item

Fender Body

Chain net

Protector Panel

Chain, Anchor

Total

Solid Fender

60

-

75 - 160

15 - 30

150 - 250

Protector Panel


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3.5 Soft Reaction Force for Ship and Jetty StructureAlthough all fenders should be used within their maximum load limit, it often happens that

fenders accidentally receive excess load. The reaction force of Yokohama Pneumatic

Rubber Fenders does not increase sharply, even under excess load conditions.

Therefore, the Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders perform well in such cases, and

protect ships and mooring facilities. In contrast, the reaction force of solid rubber fenders,

including buckling-type fenders, increases sharply under excess load conditions.

The excess load turns the solid-type fender into a solid rubber block, which cannot

perform as a fender. This often leads to damage of the ship and mooring facilities.

Fig.3-9 above compares the reaction force generated by a typical solid rubber fender to a

pneumatic rubber fender at different compression stages during a typical berthing

operation. The curves are derived from the performance of a solid rubber fender and a

pneumatic rubber fender with the same energy absorption performance. Points A', B', C',

and D' along the reaction curve for the pneumatic fender represent matching energy

absorption performance at point A, B, C, and D on the reaction curve for the solid rubber

fender.

The table below compares the typical reaction loads and hull pressure imposed by solid

and pneumatic type fenders at various compression stages, and it can be seen that the

Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are ideal as fender system because of gentle

treatment of ships.

Fig.3-9 Soft Reaction Force for Ship and Jetty Structure

Compression Stage Comparison

Solid fendersYokohama Pneumatic

RubberFenders

Compression stages

A, A'

B, B'

C,C'

D, D'

: First buckling point of solid fender.

: Normal deflection point during typical berthing.

: Designed rated energy point.

: Abnormal berthing

A B C

D

A'B'

C'

D'

Rea

ctio

n fo

rce

Deflection

Pneumatic fender has lower reaction force and exerts lower hull pressure compared to the solid rubber fender


Pneumatic fender has slightly higher reaction force only at this point


A, A'

B, B'

C, C'

D, D'

: Buckling point of solid fender

: Normal deflection point

: Designed rated energy point

: Abnormal berthing point


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3.6 Lower Mooring Forces under Rough Weather ConditionsDuring mooring under rough weather conditions such as high waves and strong wind,

large ship motions are induced by high waves, long period waves or a resonant effect

between the natural period of a ship and the predominant period of the waves.

This movement results in compression and shearing forces on fenders. The reaction

force and deflection of solid-type fenders under rough weather conditions easily

reaches their respective maximums. Therefore, repeated compression with shearing

force resulting from the movement of ships causes fatigue and often damages

solid-type fenders. On the other hand, the reaction force and deflection of Yokohama

Pneumatic Rubber Fenders do not easily reach the maximum because the reaction

force increases slowly and allowable deflection is wide. Thus, the Yokohama Pneumatic

Rubber Fenders safely protect ships and mooring facilities even under rough weather

conditions.

The use of Pneumatic Rubber Fenders sometimes eliminates the necessity of

constructing a breakwater in the harbor. There are many studies and reports relating to

the above subjects.

Fig.3-10 Model Studies on Ship's Movement with Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fender & with Buckling Fender

Fig.3-11 Calculation Results of Harbor Oscillations for Ship Motions moored along Quay Walls

G

Z

X

34m

0 7m 18.3

m

14m

+2

-2

0（m）

+2

-2

0（m）

SWAY

SWAY

1000（sec）

1000（sec）

(a) Pneumatic

(b) Solid (Buckling)


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3.7 Stronger against Shearing ForceAfter contacting a dock, a ship is usually shifted to the correct mooring position. The

shifting exerts shearing and compression forces on the fenders. This combined force is

very severe in the case of solid rubber fenders because they are not reinforced against

such force. In contrast, Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are adequately

reinforced using strong tire-cord to cope against such forces as well as internal

pressure.

3.8 Adaptable to the TideYokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders basically float on the water in an unrestricted

vertical plane corresponding to the tidal range and ship's vertical movement.

This means that energy absorption always takes place at the most suitable position, and

that only one fender is required per dolphin.

Fig.3-12 Stronger against Shearing Force

Fig.3-13 Adaptable to Tide

Berthing ForceShearing Force

dolphinH.W.L.

L.W.L.


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3.9 Simple and Low Cost InstallationThe weight of Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders

is supported by the water on which it floats.

Therefore, the fender can be moored simply by

means of a guy rope or chain, requiring minimal extra

cost. It can be removed easily to a suitable jetty or

quay when not in use, or transferred to another

mooring point whenever required.

3.10 Low Maintenance CostMaintenance cost is very low. Although the internal pressure will vary with seasonal

changes, the air leakage is so minimal that it is sufficient to check the air pressure only

once a year. The chain net needs to be replaced only once in 3 or 4 years, depending

on ambient conditions.

3.11 Shipping Cost MinimizationIn order to minimize the shipping cost of Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders, the

fenders are usually packed and shipped in containers or on pallets in vacuumed and

folded down state.

Fig.3-15 Vacuumed and Folded Down Condition forφ4500×9000L-P80

Fig.3-14 φ2500×4000L-P50 Yokohama PneumaticRubber Fenders installed at a dolphin


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4.1 Pressure RatingThere are two initial pressure ratings for Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders :

1) Pneumatic 50 (P50, Initial internal pressure 50kPa)

2) Pneumatic 80 (P80, Initial internal pressure 80kPa)

4.2 TypeⅠ(Net Type)Net-type fenders (TypeⅠ) are covered with a chain net, wire net or fiber net for small

size fenders. Usually these nets have used-tires together with rubber sleeves for

additional protection, except fiber net which has only rubber sleeves. Chain nets last

longer against corrosion, while wire nets are light and more easily repaired.

4.2.1 Ring Shackle

For fender sizesφ500×1000L～φ1350×2500L, each end of longitudinal chains or wires

of nets is linked together with rings and shackles.

4. PRESSURE RATING, TYPES, AND VARIATIONS

Fig.4-1 Ring Shackle (Fender Size : φ500×1000L ～ φ1350×2500L)


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4.2.2 Towing Ring

For fender sizes φ1500×3000L～φ3300×6500L, each end of longitudinal chains or

wires of nets is linked together with a towing ring.

4.2.3 Special Towing Ring

For fender sizes φ3300×10600L～φ4500×12000L, each end of longitudinal chains or

wires of nets is linked together with a special towing ring which contains a special

built-in swivel joint.

Fig.4-3 Special Towing Ring (Fender Size: φ3300×10600L ～ φ4500×12000L)

Fig.4-2 Towing Ring (Fender Size: φ1500×3000L ～ φ3300×6500L)


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4.3 TypeⅡ (Sling Type)Sling-type fenders (TypeⅡ)φ500×1000L ～ φ4500×12000L have an attachment eye on

each end for lifting and installation. Handling of sling type fenders is easy due to their

lightweight.

Fig.4-4 Sling Type (Fender Size : φ500×1000L～φ4500×12000L)


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4.4 Design Variations

4.4.1 Net Variations

4.4.1.1 Rubber Sleeve Net

Rubber sleeve nets cover the chain net completely by strong rubber sleeves. The

rubber sleeve is made of rubber reinforced with synthetic-tire-cord. The standard colors

of the rubber sleeve are black and orange.


4.4.1.3 Rubber Jacket (Up to φ2.0m)

Rubber jackets are popular for Oil tankers,

LPG-ships and cruise ships applications because

of the low risk of spark or damage to the ship's hull.

4.4.1.2 Aircraft Tire Chain Net

Aircraft tire chain nets use air craft tires, instead of automobile tires, to keep larger

stand-off distance and enough protection for the fender body.

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4.4.2 Outer Rubber Variations

4.4.2.1 Grey Rubber

Grey rubber is a specially formulated rubber with color

compound added. Creamy white color can be requested

instead of grey color as an alternative.


Single Cover Construction Double Cover Construction

4.4.2.2 Double Cover (φ2.5m, φ3.3m)

Double cover consists of a single cover with an extra tyre cord layer and outer rubber.

It is better resistance to operational damage such as abrasion, cuts and gauges.

Inner rubber layer

Single tyre cord layerOuter rubber layer

Double tyre cord layerDouble outer rubber layer

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4.4.3 Fender Monitoring System (FMS)

Fender Monitoring System has been developed to monitor offshore Ship-To-Ship (STS)

operation. The system incorporates technology from the design of pneumatic fenders

and the numerical simulation analysis of dynamic ship motion.

The system can simultaneously monitor the state of pneumatic fenders used as shock

absorber between the two ships and the behavior of both ships. This wireless

fender-monitoring system

can be also applied to onshore Ship-to-Dock operation anywhere in the world.

4.4.4 Low-Pressure (LP)

The Low-Pressure fender type is a pneumatic fender designed with a lighter body

construction. It is popular for application requiring large clearance between the ship and

jetty or between two ships but not necessarily needing the high performance of a

standard high-pressure pneumatic fender.

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4.4.5 Light-Weight

Light-Weight fenders are focused on portability,

and are small and light for convenient use with

cruise ships, pleasure boats, and other small

boats.

4.4.6 Vertical

Vertical-Pneumatic Rubber fenders are specially

designed pneumatic fenders that can be

water-ballasted and installed vertically.

They are popular with vessels whose berthing

point is below the water line such as catamaran

ships, semi-submersibles platforms or other

submersibles.


4.4.7 Globuoy

Globuoy is a modified pneumatic fender for use as a surface

or sub-sea buoy in equipment installation, mooring,

anchoring and various offshore operations. It can be used

with higher working pressure or can be filled with pressure

resistant material for various under water applications. The

pneumatic design of the Globuoy makes it easy to handle

and launch due to its light weight. Also, because of the

flexible reinforced rubber body, it is less prone to damaging

or being damaged by the decks or hulls of vessels. It is a

non-collapsible buoy in case of over-submergence.

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The Floating-type Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are kind of a cylindrical air bag

with hemispherical heads at both ends. Basic body construction of this fender consists of

an outer rubber layer, cord layers and an inner rubber layer. All of these are vulcanized

together, and then proven by hydraulic pressure test.

5.1 Outer RubberThe outer rubber layer protects the cord layers and inner rubber layer from abrasion and

other external forces. This compound has sufficient tensile and tear strength to withstand

any weather condition and hard usage as shown in Table 5-1. Standard color is black, but

other colors such as grey and creamy white are available on request.

5.2 Synthetic-tire-cord LayerThe reinforcement cord layers, which are made of Synthetic-tire-cord, are arranged at

ideal angles to hold the internal pressure and to distribute the stress evenly. As the main

fibers of the synthetic-tire-cord are not braided like synthetic canvas fabric or synthetic

belt fabric as shown in Fig.5-2, there are advantages for its fatigue-resistance performance

and pressure-holding performance.

5.3 Inner RubberThe inner rubber layer seals the air inside, utilizing a compound equivalent to that of the

liner or tube of an automobile tire. The specifications are shown in Table 5-1.

5. BASIC CONSTRUCTION

inner rubber

cord layers

outer rubber

flange opening

TYPICAL CUT SECTIONOF FENDER WALL

Fig.5-1 Basic Construction of Floating-type Pneumatic Rubber Fenders


BA

SIC

C

ON

ST

RU

CT

ION


BA

SIC

C

ON

ST

RU

CT

ION

1

2

1 : Warp (Tension member)

2 : Weft (no tension member)

Fig.5-2 Basic Construction of Tyre-Cords

Table 5-1 Properties of Outer and Inner Rubber Material

Test Item InspectionMethods

Outer Rubber Inner Rubber

18 Mpa or moreISO 37 : 2011

ISO 37 : 2011

ISO 37 : 2011

ISO 37 : 2011

ISO 34-1 : 2010

ISO 815-1: 2008

Tensile strength

Elongation

Hardness

Tensile strength

Elongation

Hardness

ISO 1431-1 : 2012

ISO 7619-1 : 2010

ISO 7619-1 : 2010

10 Mpa or more

400% or more. 400% or more.BeforeAging

After AgingTest methodISO188:1998

70±1C° × 96 hrs

No requirementTear resistance

Compression test

Static ozone aging test

400 N/cm or more

No requirement

No requirement

60 ±10(Durometer hardness Type A)

50 ±10 (Durometer hardness Type A)

Not less than 80% ofthe original property


Not to exceed the originalproperty by more than 8



Not to exceed the originalproperty by more than 8

30% (70±1C°for 22 hrs)or less

No cracks after elongationby 20% and exposure to

50 pphm at 40C° for 96 hrs

21

5.4 Bead Ring and Flange Opening

5.4.1 Bead Ring

A steel ring is placed at one or both ends of the fender to hold the end of the

reinforcement cord layers. The outside diameter of the bead ring has been designed

smaller than 20% of the fender diameter to maintain

the fender's safe compression up to 80%.

5.4.2 Flange Opening

A steel flange to which air valves are attached is

mounted on the fender to serve as flange

opening. The flange opening is designed

smaller than 12% of the fender diameter to

maintain safe compression up to 80%

compression.

Fig.5-4 Construction of Flange Opening

Fig.5-3 Flange Opening for φ3300

Bead ring

Cover plate

Mouth metal

Air chargevalveAir valve

Safety valve

Bea

d rin

g ou

tsid

e di

amet

er

Fla

nge

open

ing

outs

ide

diam

eter

(Large size) (Medium and small size)

(Large size) (Medium and small size)

Bead ring

Hanging metal

Mouth metal

Air charge valveAir valve

Safety valve

Bea

d rin

g ou

tsid

e di

amet

er

Fla

nge

open

ing

outs

ide

diam

eter

Bead ring

Hanging metalAir valve

Bea

d rin

g ou

tsid

e di

amet

er

Fla

nge

open

ing

outs

ide

diam

eter

Bead ring

Bushing

Air valve Air valve

Bea

d rin

gou

tsid

e di

amet

er

Fla

nge

open

ing

outs

ide

diam

eter

Fla

nge

peni

ngou

tsid

e da

iam

eter

(Type I ) (Type I )

(Type Ⅱ) (Type Ⅱ)


BA

SIC

C

ON

ST

RU

CT

ION

22

5.5 Turn-up SystemThe reinforcement cord layers are turned upward around a bead, which is built-in near

the flange opening, except for small sized fenders. This system was originally invented

for automobile tires and is quite reliable for distributing loads evenly without any

concentration of stress on cord layers.

5.6 Air Valve and Safety ValveMedium and small sized Floating-type Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are

equipped with a small air valve, which is the same in size and construction as the air

valve of an automobile tire. This valve serves as both air-check, air charge and release

valve. On the large size fenders, the small air valve, a globe valve and a safety valve are

equipped, the small valve serves for an air-check, the globe valve having a one touch

joint coupler serves for air charge and release, and the safety valve serves for releasing

excess internal pressure when the fender is accidentally over compressed.

Fig.5-5 Air Valve and Safety Valves for Yokohama Floating-type Pneumatic Rubber Fenders

(a) Safety valve for φ2500-φ3300 fenders

(c) Air valve for air charging and air check

(b) Safety valve forφ4500 fenders


BA

SIC

C

ON

ST

RU

CT

ION

23

6.1 Standard SizesThe Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are available in the following sizes, which

are generally expressed in terms of diameter by length.

6. SIZES AND PERFORMANCES

Fig.6-1 φ4500×9000L -P80 Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders

Fig.6-2 Standard Sizes of Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fender

1700×3000

500×1000

600×1000

700×1500

1000×1500

1000×2000

1200×2000

1350×2500

1500×3000

2000×3500

2500×40002500×5500

3300×4500

3300×6500

4500×9000

4500×12000

3300×10600


SIZ

ES

AN

D

PE

RFO

RM

AN

CE

S

24

6.2 Performance Table

6.2.1 Pneumatic 50 (Metric)

Table 6-1(a) Pneumatic 50 Standard Sizes

Nominal Size

(kPa) (kNm) (kN) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg)

Weight of Net Type (Type Ⅰ)

Approx. Weight of NetInitial

InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)

ReactionForce at GEA

HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet

SyntheticFiber NetEDiameter × Length

(mm × mm)

R p

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

6

8

17

32

45

63

102

153

191

308

663

943

1175

1814

3067

4752

6473

22

25

45

73

88

131

200

250

290

405

902

1090

1460

1870

2560

3940

4790

110

120

150

200

220

320

350

530

580

960

1240

1850

1710

2570

4660

5390

6990

30

30

40

80

140

190

200

350

440

640

910

1160

1270

1910

3300

3520

5190

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

　3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

64

74

137

182

257

297

427

579

639

875

1381

2019

1884

3015

5257

5747

7984

132

126

135

122

132

126

130

132

128

128

137

148

130

146

158

146

154

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

175

175

175

175

175

175

175

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

20

22

37

51

57

68

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

28

32

51

89

104

147

229

279

320

459

1080

1320

1800

2180

3060

4560

-

Table 6-1(b) Pneumatic 50 Popular Non Standard Sizes

Nominal Size




InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)


HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet


(mm × mm)

R p

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

400 × 1500

600 × 1200

800 × 1200

1200 × 1800

1350 × 3500

1500 × 2500

2000 × 3000

2000 × 4500

2500 × 7700

3300 × 8600

4500 × 6400

6

10

16

55

152

123

255

418

1350

2443

3238

87

93

116

262

641

464

727

1188

2951

4138

3796

151

132

122

122

141

126

122

137

157

154

133

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

175

175

175

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

250

250

250

23

28

48

123

255

221

367

480

1370

2220

3400

-

-

240

310

600

440

900

1200

3020

3710

3900

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33

35

54

139

284

250

421

534

1600

2720

3620

Note : 1. Figures on the table comply with requirements of ISO17357-1:2014. 2. Weight of fender body and net may vary ±10%. 3. Special sizes are available upon request.


SIZE

S A

ND

P

ER

FOR

MA

NC

ES

25

6.2.2 Pneumatic 80 (Metric)


Nominal Size




InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)


HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet


(mm × mm)

R p

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

8

11

24

45

63

88

142

214

267

430

925

1317

1640

2532

4281

6633

9037

24

27

47

76

92

135

205

277

316

413

1010

1230

1720

2200

3030

4380

5330

110

120

150

200

220

320

350

530

580

970

1250

1860

1720

2580

4660

5440

7030

30

30

40

80

140

190

200

350

440

690

910

1170

1280

1990

3300

3580

5230

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

85

98

180

239

338

390

561

761

840

1150

1815

2653

2476

3961

6907

7551

10490

174

166

177

160

174

166

170

174

168

168

180

195

171

191

208

192

202

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

230

230

230

230

230

230

230

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

20

22

37

51

57

68

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

30

34

53

92

108

151

234

306

346

467

1190

1460

2050

2530

3520

-

-


Nominal Size




InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)


HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet


(mm × mm)

R p

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

400 × 1500

600 × 1200

800 × 1200

1200 × 1800

1350 × 3500

1500 × 2500

2000 × 3000

2000 × 4500

2500 × 7700

3300 × 8600

4500 × 6400

9

14

23

77

213

171

356

584

1884

3410

4518

114

122

153

344

842

610

955

1560

3876

5437

4988

199

174

160

160

185

166

160

179

206

202

174

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

230

230

230

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

300

300

300

24

30

50

127

261

244

375

488

1550

2620

3760

-

-

240

310

600

440

900

1210

3030

3710

3910

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

34

37

56

143

290

273

429

542

1780

3110

-



SIZ

ES

AN

D

PE

RFO

RM

AN

CE

S

26

6.2.3 Pneumatic 50 (U.S. Customary)


Nominal Size

(kips) (kips) (kips) (kips/ft 2) (psi) (psi) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs)



InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)


HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet


(mm × mm)(f t × f t )

R p

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

4.4

5.9

12.5

23.6

33.2

46.5

75.3

113

141

227

489

696

867

1339

2264

3507

4777

49

55

99

161

194

289

441

551

639

893

1989

2403

3219

4123

5645

8688

10562

243

265

331

441

485

706

772

1169

1279

2117

2734

4079

3771

5667

10275

11885

15413

66

66

88

176

309

419

441

772

970

1411

2007

2558

2800

4212

7277

7762

11444

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

1.6 × 3

2 × 3

2.3 × 5

3 × 5

3 × 6.5

4 × 6.5

4.4 × 8

5 × 10

5.6 × 10

6.5×11.5

8 × 13

8 × 18

11 × 15

11 × 21

11 × 35

15 × 30

15 × 40

14.4

16.7

30.8

41.0

57.8

66.8

96.1

130

144

197

311

454

424

678

1183

1293

1796

2.72

2.59

2.78

2.51

2.72

2.59

2.67

2.72

2.63

2.63

2.82

3.04

2.67

3.00

3.25

3.00

3.17

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

25.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

44

49

82

112

126

150

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

62

71

112

196

229

324

505

615

705

1012

2381

2911

3969

4807

6747

-

10054


Nominal Size




InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)


HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet


(mm × mm)(f t × f t )

R p

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

4.4

7.4

11.8

40.6

112

90.8

188

309

996

1803

2390

51

62

10

271

562

487

809

1058

3021

4895

7497

-

-

529

684

1323

970

1985

2646

6659

8181

8600

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

400 × 1500

600 × 1200

800 × 1200

1200 × 1800

1350 × 3500

1500 × 2500

2000 × 3000

2000 × 4500

2500 × 7700

3300 × 8600

4500 × 6400

1.3 × 5

2 × 4

2.6 × 4

4 × 6

4.4×11.5

5 × 8

6.5 × 10

6.5 × 15

8 × 25

11 × 28

15 × 21

19.6

20.9

26.1

59.0

144

104

164

267

664

931

854

3.11

2.72

2.51

2.51

2.90

2.59

2.51

2.82

3.23

3.17

2.74

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

25.4

25.4

25.4

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.0

36.3

36.3

36.3

73

77

119

306

626

551

928

1177

3528

5998

7981



SIZE

S A

ND

P

ER

FOR

MA

NC

ES

27

6.2.4 Pneumatic 80 (U.S. Customary)


Nominal Size




InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)


HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet


(mm × mm)(f t × f t )

R p

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

5.9

8.1

17.7

33.2

46.5

64.9

105

158

197

317

683

972

1210

1869

3160

4896

6670

53

60

104

168

203

298

452

611

697

911

2227

2712

3793

4851

6681

9658

11753

243

265

331

441

485

706

772

1169

1279

2139

2756

4101

3793

5689

10275

11995

15501

66

66

88

176

309

419

441

772

970

1521

2007

2580

2822

4388

7277

7894

11532

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

1.6 × 3

2 × 3

2.3 × 5

3 × 5

3 ×6.5

4 ×6.5

4.4 × 8

5 × 10

5.6 × 10

6.5×11.5

8 × 13

8 × 18

11 × 15

11 × 21

11 × 35

15 × 30

15 × 40

19.1

22.1

40.5

53.8

76.1

87.8

126

171

189

259

408

597

557

891

1554

1699

2360

3.58

3.41

3.64

3.29

3.58

3.41

3.50

3.58

3.46

3.46

3.70

4.01

3.52

3.93

4.28

3.95

4.16

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33.4

33.4

33.4

33.4

33.4

33.4

33.4

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

43.5

43.5

43.5

43.5

43.5

43.5

43.5

44

49

82

112

126

150

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

66

75

117

203

238

333

516

675

763

1030

2624

3219

4520

5578

7762

-

-


Nominal Size




InternalPressure

GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption(GEA)


HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

Settingpressure

TestingPressure

Weightof

SlingType

(Type Ⅱ)

Approx.FenderBody

Weight ChainNet

WireNet


(mm × mm)(f t × f t )

R p

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.6

6.6

10.3

17.0

56.8

157

126

263

431

1391

2517

3335

53

66

110

280

576

538

827

1076

3418

5777

8291

-

-

529

684

1323

970

1985

2668

6681

8181

8622

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

400 × 1500

600 × 1200

800 × 1200

1200 × 1800

1350 × 3500

1500 × 2500

2000 × 3000

2000 × 4500

2500 × 7700

3300 × 8600

4500 × 6400

1.3 × 5

2 × 4

2.6 × 4

4 × 6

4.4×11.5

5 × 8

6.5 × 10

6.5 × 15

8 × 25

11 × 28

15 × 21

25.7

27.5

34.4

77.4

189

137

215

351

872

1223

1122

4.09

3.58

3.29

3.29

3.81

3.41

3.29

3.68

4.24

4.16

3.58

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33.4

33.4

33.4

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

43.5

43.5

43.5

75

82

123

315

639

602

946

1195

3925

6858

-



SIZ

ES

AN

D

PE

RFO

RM

AN

CE

S

28

(U.S.Customary)

6.2.5 Light-Weight

(U.S.Customary)

(U.S.Customary)

6.2.6 Low-Pressure

6.2.7 Vertical-Pneumatic


SIZE

S A

ND

P

ER

FOR

MA

NC

ES

Nominal size

GuaranteedEnergy

AbsorptionGEA

InitialInternal

Pressure

ReactionForce at

GEA

HullPressureat GEA

Weight ofSling Type（Type Ⅱ）

Testing Pressure

80

80

500 × 1000

1000 × 1500

8

45

85

239

174

160

250

250

24

65

EDiameter × Length

(mm × mm) (kNm)(kPa) (kN) (kPa) (kPa) (kg)

R p

Nominal size

GuaranteedEnergy

AbsorptionGEA

InitialInternal

Pressure

ReactionForce at

GEA

HullPressureat GEA


Testing Pressure

11.6

11.6

500 × 1000

1000 × 1500

1.6 × 33 × 5

5.9

33.2

19.1

53.8

3.58

3.29

36.3

36.3

53

143

EDiameter × Length

(mm × mm)(ft × ft) (ft-kips)(psi) (kips) (kips/ft2) (psi) (lbs)

R p

Nominal size

GuaranteedEnergy

AbsorptionGEA

InitialInternal

Pressure

ReactionForce at

GEA

HullPressureat GEA


Testing Pressure

10

10

2500 × 9100

3300 × 12700

676

1565

1901

3439

88

89

40

40

1190

1930

EDiameter × Length

(mm × mm) (kNm)(kPa) (kN) (kPa) (kPa) (kg)

R p

Nominal size Weight ofBody

InitialInternal

Pressure

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

2000 × 6000

2500 × 9100

3300 × 6500

3300 × 8600

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

1000

2200

3000

3600

4100

5810

7680

Diameter × Length

(mm × mm) (kg)(kPa)

Nominal size Weight ofBody

InitialInternal

Pressure

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.3

6.5 × 20

8 × 30

11 × 21

11 × 28

11 × 35

15 × 30

15 × 40

2000 × 6000

2500 × 9100

3300 × 6500

3300 × 8600

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

2205

4851

6615

7938

9041

12811

16934

Diameter × Length

(mm × mm)(ft × ft) (lbs)(psi)

Nominal size

GuaranteedEnergy

AbsorptionGEA

InitialInternal

Pressure

ReactionForce at

GEA

HullPressureat GEA

SafetyValve

SettingPressure


Testing Pressure

1.5

1.5

2500 × 91008 × 30

11 × 42

499

1155

427.7

773.8

1.81

1.83

5.8

5.8

2624

4366

EDiameter × Length

(mm × mm)(ft × ft) (ft-kips)(psi) (kips) (kips/ft2) (psi)

-

-

(psi) (lbs)

R p

3300 × 12700

29

6.3 Safety Design and Pressure Requirements

6.3.1 Over-compression

The guaranteed energy absorption of Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders is the energy

absorption at 60% deflection. This figure should be observed in engineering design and in

actual operation. However, even if the fender is accidentally over-deflected beyond this

guaranteed value, the Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fender has a wide safety margin as

shown in Fig.6-4 and Table 6-5 below. These curves and table express the capacity for

energy absorption and reaction force until the time of ultimate deflection when the

deflection of fender reach the largest diameter of mouthpiece metal parts. This is shown

by using the guaranteed energy absorption and reaction force as the index value of 1.

The figures and table show the wide safety margin of our pneumatic fenders in absorbing

energy and low reaction force.

With Safety Valve (SV) :

Energy Absorption (Index)

Reaction Force (Index)

Internal Pressure (kPa)

DEF (%)

Without Safety Valve (SV) :

Energy Absorption (Index)

Reaction Force (Index)

Internal Pressure (kPa)

DEF (%)

1.0

1.0

146

60 (%)

1.3

1.2

175

65 (%)

1.6

1.2

175

70 (%)

2.0

1.2

175

75 (%)

2.3

1.2

175

80 (%)

1.0

1.0

146

60 (%)

1.3

1.2

175

65 (%)

1.7

1.5

215

70 (%)

2.1

2.0

274

75 (%)

2.7

2.6

367

80 (%)

Table 6-5 Safety Design at Over-compression

At GuaranteedEnergy

Absorption

At Safety ValveOperating Point

(Approx)－－

At DeflectionIimited by Mouthpiece

Metal (Approx.)

Fig.6-4 Safety Design at Over-compression

Note : 1. Table shows study results based on a φ3300 × 6500L pneumatic 50 fender. 2. They are studied based on the condition that air release capacity of the safety valve is not exceeded.

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

1200

1050

900

750

600

450

300

150

00 10 20 30 40

Safety valve working point

EN

ER

GY

AB

SO

RP

TIO

N I

ND

EX

INN

ER

PR

ES

SU

RE

( kP

a)

Guaranteed energy absorption

50 60 70 80 90

2.7 times

2.3 times

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

1200

1050

900

750

600

450

300

150

00 10 20 30 40

DEFLECTION (%)DEFLECTION (%)

Safety valve working point

RE

AC

TIO

N F

OR

CE

IN

DE

X

INN

ER

PR

ES

SU

RE

( kP

a)

Rated Reaction Force

50 60 70 80 90

1.2 times

2.6 times

R / R60 without SVR' / R60 with SVP (kPa) without SVP'(kPa) with SV

E / E60 without SVE'/ E60 with SVP (kPa) without SVP'(kPa) with SV

175kPa 175kPa


SIZ

ES

AN

D

PE

RFO

RM

AN

CE

S

30

6.3.2 Endurable Pressure at 0% and 60% Deflection

Minimum endurable pressure, the safety valve pressure and the test pressure for each

size of Pneumatic 50 and Pneumatic 80 are shown below.

Table 6-6 Pressure Requirements (Pneumatic 50)

Internal pressureNominal size

Minimum endurable pressure Safety-valve pressure

setting(kPa)

Test pressureat 0%

deflection(kPa)

at 0%deflection

(kPa)

at 60%deflection

(kPa)

at 0%deflection

(kPa)

at 60%deflection

(kPa)

Diameter × Length

(mm × mm)

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

132

126

135

122

132

126

130

132

128

128

137

148

130

146

158

146

154

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

462

441

473

427

462

441

455

462

448

448

480

518

455

511

553

511

539

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

175

175

175

175

175

175

175

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

Table 6-7 Pressure Requirements (Pneumatic 80)

Internal pressureNominal size

Minimum endurable pressure Safety-valve pressure

setting(kPa)

Test pressureat 0%

deflection(kPa)

at 0%deflection

(kPa)

at 60%deflection

(kPa)

at 0%deflection

(kPa)

at 60%deflection

(kPa)

Diameter × Length

(mm × mm)

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

174

166

177

160

174

166

170

174

168

168

180

195

171

191

208

192

202

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

560

560

560

560

560

560

560

609

581

620

560

609

581

595

609

588

588

630

683

599

669

728

672

707

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

230

230

230

230

230

230

230

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

300

300

300

300

300

300

300


SIZE

S A

ND

P

ER

FOR

MA

NC

ES

31

The minimum endurable pressures at 0% compression and 60% compression are the

most important parameter in the design of a pneumatic fender. Therefore, more than

twenty prototype fenders have been burst to establish the design standard to keep this

pressure strength for all Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders.

(a) Burst test at 0% deflection (b) Burst test at 60% deflection

Fig.6-5 Burst Tests for Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fender


SIZ

ES

AN

D

PE

RFO

RM

AN

CE

S

32

Fig.6-6 Compression Speed Effect on Performance for Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

R /Rs

0.1 1 10 100

Compression rate (% / s)

(a) Reaction force

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

E /Es

0.1 1 10

Compression rate (% / s)

(b) Energy absorption

6.4 Fender Compression SpeedPerformance requirements of reaction force and energy absorption for Yokohama

Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are basically evaluated for static conditions with a constant

slow compression speed of 0.001m/s. However, during actual ship berthing operations,

the Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders are dynamically compressed at speeds over

0.05m/s. The Fig.6-6 below shows the effect of compression speed at 60% deflection

against the static rated values on reaction force and energy absorption. The reaction force

and energy absorption increase together with compression rate. In actual ship berthing

conditions those values are about 20% higher compared to those of static compression.

6.5 Temperature EffectThe performance of Yokohama Pneumatic Rubber Fenders is engineered based on air

pressure. Therefore, the performance of the fenders is stable relative to temperature

variations when the initial internal pressure is set to be the specified pressure.


SIZE

S A

ND

P

ER

FOR

MA

NC

ES

33

7. FENDER SELECTION

7.1 Ship-to-ShipThe fender selection procedure for ship-to-ship operations is outlined below.

Two ship types, sizes and weather conditions such as Calm, Moderate and Rough are

initially confirmed.

7.1.1 OCIMF Table Selection

Equivalent displacement coefficient ; ''C'' is calculated, and fenders are selected tentatively

by using the table in OCIMF Ship-to-Ship Transfer Guide ; ''OCIMF Table Selection'',

Table 7-1. In this case, initial internal pressure of the fender shall be 50kPa (Pneumatic

50). The selections are designed based on Calm weather condition, therefore if the

weather is confirmed as Calm, the fender system can be simply selected from the tables.

1,000

3,000

6,000

10,000

30,000

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

330,000

500,000

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.25

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

2.4

7.0

14.0

17.0

40.0

48.0

54.0

71.0

93.0

155.0

231.0

1.0 × 2.0

1.5 × 3.0

2.5 × 5.5

2.5 × 5.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 6.5

4.5 × 9.0

4.5 × 9.0

3 or more

〃〃〃

4 or more

〃〃

5 or more

〃4 or more

〃

EquivalentDisplacementCoefficient (C)

Relative Velocity

Tonnes m / s Tonnes.m Diameter × Length (m) Quanitity

Berthing Energy

PETROLEUM, CHEMICALS and LIQUEFIED GASSES

Suggested Fenders

Notes : 1. ''Ship-to-Ship Transfer Guide for Petroleum, Chemicals and Liquefied Gases, CDI, ICS, OCIMF, SIGTTO 2013''

2. ''C'' is calculated as per equation ;

3. If the C is between two coefficients, the fender size shall be selected for the larger coefficient. in the tables.

C=DisplacementShipA　DisplacementShipB

DisplacementShipA　DisplacementShipB2× ×

＋


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

Table 7-1 Quick Reference Guide to Fender Selection for STS Operations

34

7.1.2 Berthing Energy Selection

Berthing energy of the two ships is then calculated ; "Berthing Energy Selection".

If energy absorption capacity of the tentative selected fender (Ef) is larger than the

calculated berthing energy (E), it is confirmed that a suitable fender selection has been

made. If the fender energy absorption capacity is less than the calculated berthing

energy, the tentatively selected fender shall be upgraded.

7.1.3 Fender Selection procedure

Fender selection procedure for ship-to-ship operations is illustrated below.

7.1.4 Equivalent Displacement Coefficient

The equivalent displacement coefficient will vary depending on each ship particulars

and the type of Ship-to-Ship operation. The three types of Ship-to-Ship operations are

described in Table 7-2 below.

( i )

( i i )

(iii)

Full-Full berthing

Ordinary lightering

Reverse lightering

Discharging ship; (Full)

Discharging ship; (Full)

Receiving ship; (Ballast)

Ship-A Larger Ship Ship-B Smaller Ship

Receiving ship (Full)

Receiving ship (Ballast)

Discharging ship (Full)

Fig.7-1 Fender Selection for Ship-to-Ship Usage

・WA・WBWA　WB

OCIMF Table Selection Berthing Energy Selection

Equivalent Displacement Coefficient ;

Max. Fender Energy Ef > Berthing Energy; E

Suitable Fender Selected

Berthing Energy ;

Fender Selection by C based on Table 7-1 or Table 7-2(Max. Fender Energy Absorption; Ef )

WA : Displacement of Ship-AWB : Displacement of Ship-B

Ship Types, Ship Sizes and ConditionsRelative Approaching Velocity (V) determined fromWeather Conditions (Calm, Moderate, and Rough)

C=

WVA・WVBWVA WVB

WVAB=

WVA=WA・CmA, WVB=WB・CmB

2＋

＋

WVAB・V 2E = Ce SF21

× ×

Fender to be upgraded

No

Yes


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

Table 7-2 Quick Reference Guide to Fender Selection for STS Operations

35

It is obvious from Fig.7-2 below that ship’s displacement at the ordinary lightering or the

reverse lightering operation is smaller compared to that for the full-full berthing,

however, at the severest condition when the two vessels are both almost full, the

displacement become similar to condition of the full-full berthing and therefore the

fender system should be selected considering the full-full berthing even in case of the

ordinary lightering and the reverse lightering operation.

( i ) Full Covered Berthing

( ii ) Ordinary lightering

Ship-A

Full-Loaded Full-Loaded

Ship-B

Ship-A

Discharging Ship Receiving Ship

Full-Loaded Ballast

Ship-B

VLCC oil

Ship-A

Discharging Ship Receiving Ship

Almost Full-Loaded

The severest condition

Almost Full-Loaded

Ship-B

VLCC oil

( iii ) Reverse lightering

Ship-A

Receiving Ship Discharging Ship

Ballast Full-Loaded

Ship-B

VLCCoil

Ship-A

Receiving Ship Discharging Ship

Almost Full-LoadedThe severest condition

Almost Full-Loaded

Ship-B

VLCCoil

Fig.7-2 Equivalent Displacement Coefficient in Ship-to-Ship Operations


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

36

7.1.5 Berthing Energy

The berthing energy needs to be calculated considering weather conditions, categorized

by the three conditions Calm, Moderate and Rough, and the approaching velocities to

calculate the berthing energy are assumed to be as shown in Table 7-3 and Fig.7-3.

These are obtained from various industry references and standards. The three different

weather conditions are defined by sea state and significant wave height as shown in

Table 7-3.

This table shows figures for tankers, but it can be applied to other kinds of ships, if their

virtual weights correspond to those in the table.

Table 7-3 Relative Approaching Velocity for Each Weather Condition in STS Operations

Less than 10,000

10,000－ 50,000

50,000－100,000

Over 100,000

CalmSea State : 0-3

Wave Height (m) : 0-1.25Sea State : 4

Wave Height (m) : 1.25-2.5Sea State : 5

Wave Height (m) : 2.5-4.0DWT

RoughModerate

0.50 m/s

0.40 m/s

0.30 m/s

0.25 m/s

0.40 m/s

0.325 m/s

0.25 m/s

0.20 m/s

0.30 m/s

0.25 m/s

0.20 m/s

0.15 m/s

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

V(m

/s)

- 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000

(DWT)(a) Petroleum and others

250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000

CalmModerateRough

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

V(m

/s)

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000

(GT)(b) Liquefied Gases

100,000 120,000

CalmModerateRough

Fig.7-3 Relative Approaching Velocity Based on Weather Condition in STS Operations


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

37

7.1.6 Safety factor

A safety factor (SF) value from 1.0 to 2.0 for the berthing energy shall be considered for

abnormal berthing conditions.

7.1.7 Fender upgrade

When the fenders need to be upgraded, increasing the fender diameter is preferable.

Increasing the length or initial internal pressure from pressure 50kPa to 80kPa is not

recommended. If the length or internal pressure is increased, the reaction force and energy

absorption are increased. However, the gradient of the curves become steeper without

providing any significant increase in allowable compression capacity as shown in Fig.7-4.

On the other hand, in the case of using a larger diameter fender keeping the pressure

50kPa, the performance curves of the fenders have almost the same gradient, and the

allowable compression capacity is increased. Therefore the larger diameter fender is

preferable to keep safe stand-off distance between two ships during berthing and mooring.

7.1.8 Fender Selection Tables

Tables 7.4 through 7.9 show the fender selection tables for various kinds of tankers

coming alongside lightering ships at three weather conditions; Calm, Moderate and

Rough, for each ship size. In the tables, the berthing energy, equivalent displacement

coefficient and suitable fender system for each case are indicated. This table shows

figures for tankers, but it can be applied to other kinds of ships if their virtual weights

correspond to those in the table.

In the tables, a safety factor SF=1.0 is used, but if a higher SF value is to be considered,

the energy value is to be multiplied by the desired SF value and the fender selected

according to the revised energy value.

Fig.7-4 Fender Performances relating to Size in Length and Diameter, and Initial Internal Pressure

Increase Diameter

A

Best

Option

Curve Gradient

Effectiveness

Increase Length

C

Not Recommendable

Increase Pressure

B

Acceptable

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Compression ( m )

R (kN) 3.3 × 6.5－P50

R (kN) 3.3 × 6.5－P80

R (kN) 3.3 × 10.6－P50

R (kN) 4.5 × 9.0－P50 C

B

ARea

ctio

n F

orce

(kN

)

4.5 × 9.0－P50

3.3 × 6.5－P50

3.3 × 6.5－P80

3.3 × 10.6－P50


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

38

Tab

le 7

- 4

Fen

der

Sel

ecti

on

at

Cal

m C

on

dit

ion

(P

etro

leu

m)

SH

IP B

DW

T

Ton

( DT

)D

WT

Disp

lace

men

t

SHIP A

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

40,0

00

50,0

00

60,0

00

80,0

00

100,

000

120,

000

150,

000

200,

000

250,

000

300,

000

330,

000

370,

000

1,59

0

3,08

0

4,53

0

5,97

0

7,39

0

8,80

0

11,6

00

14,3

00

17,1

00

21,1

00

27,8

00

34,4

00

41,0

00

54,0

00

66,8

00

79,5

00

105,

000

130,

000

154,

000

191,

000

251,

000

311,

000

370,

000

406,

000

453,

000

1,00

0

1,59

0

32

42

47

50

53

54

56

58

59

60

61

61

62

62

63

63

63

63

63

64

64

64

64

64

64

(1,5

90)

(2,0

97)

(2,3

54)

(2,5

11)

(2,6

17)

(2,6

93)

(2,7

97)

(2,8

62)

(2,9

09)

(2,9

57)

(3,0

08)

(3,0

40)

(3,0

61)

(3,0

89)

(3,1

06)

(3,1

18)

(3,1

33)

(3,1

42)

(3,1

48)

(3,1

54)

(3,1

60)

(3,1

64)

(3,1

66)

(3,1

68)

(3,1

69)

59

70

78

83

88

93

97

100

103

107

109

110

112

113

114

115

116

116

117

117

117

118

118

118

(3,0

80)

(3,6

67)

(4,0

64)

(4,3

48)

(4,5

63)

(4,8

68)

(5,0

68)

(5,2

20)

(5,3

75)

(5,5

46)

(5,6

54)

(5,7

30)

(5,8

28)

(5,8

88)

(5,9

30)

(5,9

84)

(6,0

17)

(6,0

39)

(6,0

62)

(6,0

85)

(6,1

00)

(6,1

09)

(6,1

14)

(6,1

18)

84

95

104

111

120

127

132

138

144

148

151

155

157

159

161

162

163

164

165

165

166

166

166

(4,5

30)

(5,1

51)

(5,6

17)

(5,9

81)

(6,5

16)

(6,8

80)

(7,1

63)

(7,4

59)

(7,7

91)

(8,0

06)

(8,1

59)

(8,3

59)

(8,4

85)

(8,5

72)

(8,6

85)

(8,7

55)

(8,8

01)

(8,8

50)

(8,8

99)

(8,9

30)

(8,9

50)

(8,9

60)

(8,9

70)

106

117

126

139

149

157

165

174

180

184

190

194

197

200

202

204

205

207

208

208

209

209

(5,9

70)

(6,6

05)

(7,1

14)

(7,8

83)

(8,4

23)

(8,8

50)

(9,3

07)

(9,8

29)

(10,

174)

(10,

422)

(10,

751)

(10,

960)

(11,

106)

(11,

298)

(11,

416)

(11,

494)

(11,

578)

(11,

663)

(11,

715)

(11,

750)

(11,

767)

(11,

785)

126

137

154

166

176

187

199

207

213

222

227

232

235

239

241

243

245

246

247

248

248

(7,3

90)

(8,0

34)

(9,0

28)

(9,7

44)

(10,

320)

(10,

946)

(11,

676)

(12,

166)

(12,

523)

(13,

001)

(13,

308)

(13,

523)

(13,

808)

(13,

985)

(14,

103)

(14,

229)

(14,

357)

(14,

437)

(14,

491)

(14,

516)

(14,

543)

144

163

178

189

202

218

228

236

247

254

259

265

269

271

274

277

279

280

281

282

(8,8

00)

(10,

008)

(10,

895)

(11,

620)

(12,

420)

(13,

368)

(14,

015)

(14,

490)

(15,

134)

(15,

551)

(15,

846)

(16,

239)

(16,

484)

(16,

649)

(16,

825)

(17,

004)

(17,

116)

(17,

191)

(17,

227)

(17,

265)

174

192

207

224

245

260

271

286

297

305

313

319

323

328

332

335

337

338

339

(11,

600)

(12,

809)

(13,

823)

(14,

970)

(16,

370)

(17,

350)

(18,

084)

(19,

098)

(19,

767)

(20,

246)

(20,

892)

(21,

299)

(21,

575)

(21,

872)

(22,

175)

(22,

366)

(22,

495)

(22,

556)

(22,

621)

196

214

234

259

277

291

310

324

335

345

353

359

365

371

375

378

379

380

(14,

300)

(15,

575)

(17,

047)

(18,

886)

(20,

202)

(21,

204)

(22,

612)

(23,

557)

(24,

240)

(25,

172)

(25,

766)

(26,

170)

(26,

608)

(27,

058)

(27,

343)

(27,

536)

(27,

627)

(27,

725)

231

255

285

308

325

350

368

382

396

407

415

423

431

437

441

442

444

(17,

100)

(18,

891)

(21,

175)

(22,

844)

(24,

134)

(25,

975)

(27,

230)

(28,

146)

(29,

410)

(30,

224)

(30,

782)

(31,

390)

(32,

019)

(32,

418)

(32,

689)

(32,

818)

(32,

956)

275

312

340

363

395

420

438

457

472

483

495

507

515

520

522

525

(21,

100)

(23,

991)

(26,

156)

(27,

862)

(30,

344)

(32,

070)

(33,

349)

(35,

139)

(36,

307)

(37,

115)

(38,

002)

(38,

928)

(39,

519)

(39,

923)

(40,

115)

(40,

322)

344

380

410

453

488

515

543

566

582

599

618

631

639

643

647

(27,

800)

(30,

750)

(33,

134)

(36,

704)

(39,

261)

(41,

195)

(43,

961)

(45,

805)

(47,

098)

(48,

536)

(50,

056)

(51,

038)

(51,

714)

(52,

037)

(52,

385)

400

435

488

532

566

602

632

653

677

703

720

731

737

743

(34,

400)

(37,

411)

(42,

027)

(45,

413)

(48,

021)

(51,

822)

(54,

404)

(56,

238)

(58,

300)

(60,

507)

(61,

948)

(62,

948)

(63,

426)

(63,

944)

452

513

564

605

649

686

712

743

775

797

812

820

828

(41,

000)

(46,

611)

(50,

813)

(54,

100)

(58,

973)

(62,

339)

(64,

759)

(67,

509)

(70,

486)

(72,

449)

(73,

820)

(74,

479)

(75,

194)

532

594

646

702

750

786

828

874

905

927

938

949

(54,

000)

(59,

722)

(64,

315)

(71,

321)

(76,

304)

(79,

962)

(84,

196)

(88,

879)

(92,

022)

(94,

245)

(95,

322)

(96,

497)

593

652

718

776

820

872

930

971

999

1,01

4

1,02

9

(66,

800)

(72,

599)

(81,

653)

(88,

252)

(93,

181)

(98,

982)

(105

,518

)

(109

,978

)

(113

,168

)

(114

,724

)

(116

,431

)

653

726

794

845

906

977

1,02

7

1,06

2

1,08

0

1,10

0

(79,

500)

(90,

488)

(98,

663)

(104

,865

)

(112

,270

)

(120

,753

)

(126

,630

)

(130

,879

)

(132

,964

)

(135

,262

)

656

725

779

845

922

978

1,01

9

1,03

9

1,06

2

(105

,000

)

(116

,170

)

(124

,865

)

(135

,507

)

(148

,062

)

(156

,995

)

(163

,579

)

(166

,849

)

(170

,484

)

631

684

750

830

888

931

953

978

(130

,000

)

(140

,986

)

(154

,704

)

(171

,286

)

(183

,356

)

(192

,400

)

(196

,940

)

(202

,024

)

746

826

923

996

1,05

2

1,08

0

1,11

1

(154

,000

)

(170

,516

)

(190

,884

)

(205

,996

)

(217

,481

)

(223

,300

)

(229

,858

)

924

1,04

8

1,14

3

1,21

6

1,25

4

1,29

7

(191

,000

)

(216

,928

)

(236

,657

)

(251

,943

)

(259

,786

)

(268

,705

)

1,21

1

1,34

0

1,44

2

1,49

5

1,55

6

(251

,000

)

(277

,797

)

(299

,098

)

(310

,216

)

(323

,020

)

1,49

8

1,62

7

1,69

5

1,77

4

(311

,000

)

(337

,944

)

(352

,206

)

(368

,804

)

1,78

0

1,86

2

1,95

8

(370

,000

)

(387

,165

)

(407

,315

)

1,95

2

2,05

7 (4

06,0

00)

(428

,214

)2,

175

(453

,000

)

2,00

0

3,08

0

3,00

0

4,53

0

4,00

0

5,97

0

5,00

0

7,39

0

6,00

0

8,80

0

8,00

0

11,6

00

10,0

00

14,3

00

12,0

00

17,1

00

15,0

00

21,1

00

20,0

00

27,8

00

25,0

00

34,4

00

30,0

00

41,0

00

40,0

00

54,0

00

50,0

00

66,8

00

60,0

00

79,5

00

80,0

00

105,

000

100,

000

130,

000

120,

000

154,

000

150,

000

191,

000

200,

000

251,

000

250,

000

311,

000

300,

000

370,

000

330,

000

406,

000

370,

000

453,

000

1000×

2000

－P

50, 3

pcs

1500×

3000

－P

50, 3

pcs

2500×

5500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

6500

－P

50, 4

pcs

3300×

6500

－P

50, 5

pcs

4500×

9000

－

P50

, 4sp

cs

1,00

03,

000

6,00

010

,000

30,0

0050

,000

100,

000

150,

000

200,

000

330,

000

3,00

06,

000

10,0

0030

,000

50,0

0010

0,00

015

0,00

020

0,00

033

0,00

050

0,00

0

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

Col

orE

quiv

alen

t Dis

plac

emen

tC

oeff

icie

nt ( C

:ton

s)

Ene

rgy

Abs

orpt

ion:

kNm

( C:t

ons)


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

39

Tab

le 7

- 5

Fen

der

Sel

ecti

on

at

Mo

der

ate

Co

nd

itio

n (

Pet

role

um

)

SH

IP B

DW

T

Ton

( DT

)D

WT

Disp

lace

men

t

SHIP A

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

40,0

00

50,0

00

60,0

00

80,0

00

100,

000

120,

000

150,

000

200,

000

250,

000

300,

000

330,

000

370,

000

1,59

0

3,08

0

4,53

0

5,97

0

7,39

0

8,80

0

11,6

00

14,3

00

17,1

00

21,1

00

27,8

00

34,4

00

41,0

00

54,0

00

66,8

00

79,5

00

105,

000

130,

000

154,

000

191,

000

251,

000

311,

000

370,

000

406,

000

453,

000

1,00

0

1,59

0

57

75

84

90

94

96

100

102

104

106

108

109

110

111

111

112

112

113

113

113

113

113

113

113

114

(1,5

90)

(2,0

97)

(2,3

54)

(2,5

11)

(2,6

17)

(2,6

93)

(2,7

97)

(2,8

62)

(2,9

09)

(2,9

57)

(3,0

08)

(3,0

40)

(3,0

61)

(3,0

89)

(3,1

06)

(3,1

18)

(3,1

33)

(3,1

42)

(3,1

48)

(3,1

54)

(3,1

60)

(3,1

64)

(3,1

66)

(3,1

68)

(3,1

69)

105

125

139

148

156

166

173

178

184

189

193

196

199

201

203

205

206

206

207

208

209

209

209

209

(3,0

80)

(3,6

67)

(4,0

64)

(4,3

48)

(4,5

63)

(4,8

68)

(5,0

68)

(5,2

20)

(5,3

75)

(5,5

46)

(5,6

54)

(5,7

30)

(5,8

28)

(5,8

88)

(5,9

30)

(5,9

84)

(6,0

17)

(6,0

39)

(6,0

62)

(6,0

85)

(6,1

00)

(6,1

09)

(6,1

14)

(6,1

18)

147

168

183

194

212

223

233

242

253

260

265

272

276

279

282

285

286

288

290

291

291

292

292

(4,5

30)

(5,1

51)

(5,6

17)

(5,9

81)

(6,5

16)

(6,8

80)

(7,1

63)

(7,4

59)

(7,7

91)

(8,0

06)

(8,1

59)

(8,3

59)

(8,4

85)

(8,5

72)

(8,6

85)

(8,7

55)

(8,8

01)

(8,8

50)

(8,8

99)

(8,9

30)

(8,9

50)

(8,9

60)

(8,9

70)

186

205

221

245

262

275

289

305

316

324

334

341

346

351

355

357

360

363

364

366

366

367

(5,9

70)

(6,6

05)

(7,1

14)

(7,8

83)

(8,4

23)

(8,8

50)

(9,3

07)

(9,8

29)

(10,

174)

(10,

422)

(10,

751)

(10,

960)

(11,

106)

(11,

298)

(11,

416)

(11,

494)

(11,

578)

(11,

663)

(11,

715)

(11,

750)

(11,

767)

(11,

785)

220

239

268

289

306

325

347

361

372

386

396

403

410

416

419

423

427

429

431

432

433

(7,3

90)

(8,0

34)

(9,0

28)

(9,7

44)

(10,

320)

(10,

946)

(11,

676)

(12,

166)

(12,

523)

(13,

001)

(13,

308)

(13,

523)

(13,

808)

(13,

985)

(14,

103)

(14,

229)

(14,

357)

(14,

437)

(14,

491)

(14,

516)

(14,

543)

249

283

308

328

350

377

395

409

427

440

449

458

465

470

475

480

484

486

487

488

(8,8

00)

(10,

008)

(10,

895)

(11,

620)

(12,

420)

(13,

368)

(14,

015)

(14,

490)

(15,

134)

(15,

551)

(15,

846)

(16,

239)

(16,

484)

(16,

649)

(16,

825)

(17,

004)

(17,

116)

(17,

191)

(17,

227)

(17,

265)

299

330

355

385

421

446

464

491

510

523

537

547

555

562

570

575

579

580

582

(11,

600)

(12,

809)

(13,

823)

(14,

970)

(16,

370)

(17,

350)

(18,

084)

(19,

098)

(19,

767)

(20,

246)

(20,

892)

(21,

299)

(21,

575)

(21,

872)

(22,

175)

(22,

366)

(22,

495)

(22,

556)

(22,

621)

332

361

395

437

468

491

524

548

565

583

597

606

617

627

634

638

641

643

(14,

300)

(15,

575)

(17,

047)

(18,

886)

(20,

202)

(21,

204)

(22,

612)

(23,

557)

(24,

240)

(25,

172)

(25,

766)

(26,

170)

(26,

608)

(27,

058)

(27,

343)

(27,

536)

(27,

627)

(27,

725)

387

427

478

515

544

586

617

640

663

682

695

708

723

732

738

741

744

(17,

100)

(18,

891)

(21,

175)

(22,

844)

(24,

134)

(25,

975)

(27,

230)

(28,

146)

(29,

410)

(30,

224)

(30,

782)

(31,

390)

(32,

019)

(32,

418)

(32,

689)

(32,

818)

(32,

956)

461

524

571

608

662

704

735

767

792

810

829

850

863

872

876

881

(21,

100)

(23,

991)

(26,

156)

(27,

862)

(30,

344)

(32,

070)

(33,

349)

(35,

139)

(36,

307)

(37,

115)

(38,

002)

(38,

928)

(39,

519)

(39,

923)

(40,

115)

(40,

322)

569

629

677

749

807

851

897

935

961

991

1,02

2

1,04

2

1,05

6

1,06

3

1,07

0

(27,

800)

(30,

750)

(33,

134)

(36,

704)

(39,

261)

(41,

195)

(43,

961)

(45,

805)

(47,

098)

(48,

536)

(50,

056)

(51,

038)

(51,

714)

(52,

037)

(52,

385)

662

719

807

879

935

995

1,04

4

1,07

9

1,11

9

1,16

2

1,18

9

1,20

9

1,21

8

1,22

8

(34,

400)

(37,

411)

(42,

027)

(45,

413)

(48,

021)

(51,

822)

(54,

404)

(56,

238)

(58,

300)

(60,

507)

(61,

948)

(62,

948)

(63,

426)

(63,

944)

741

841

925

991

1,06

3

1,12

3

1,16

7

1,21

7

1,27

0

1,30

6

1,33

1

1,34

3

1,35

6

(41,

000)

(46,

611)

(50,

813)

(54,

100)

(58,

973)

(62,

339)

(64,

759)

(67,

509)

(70,

486)

(72,

449)

(73,

820)

(74,

479)

(75,

194)

849

948

1,03

0

1,11

9

1,19

7

1,25

4

1,32

1

1,39

4

1,44

4

1,47

9

1,49

6

1,51

4

(54,

000)

(59,

722)

(64,

315)

(71,

321)

(76,

304)

(79,

962)

(84,

196)

(88,

879)

(92,

022)

(94,

245)

(95,

322)

(96,

497)

927

1,01

9

1,12

1

1,21

3

1,28

1

1,36

2

1,45

4

1,51

7

1,56

2

1,58

4

1,60

8

(66,

800)

(72,

599)

(81,

653)

(88,

252)

(93,

181)

(98,

982)

(105

,518

)

(109

,978

)

(113

,168

)

(114

,724

)

(116

,431

)

1,04

1

1,15

9

1,26

6

1,34

8

1,44

6

1,55

9

1,63

8

1,69

5

1,72

3

1,75

5

(79,

500)

(90,

488)

(98,

663)

(104

,865

)

(112

,270

)

(120

,753

)

(126

,630

)

(130

,879

)

(132

,964

)

(135

,262

)

1,09

8

1,21

4

1,30

4

1,41

4

1,54

5

1,63

8

1,70

7

1,74

1

1,77

9

(105

,000

)

(116

,170

)

(124

,865

)

(135

,507

)

(148

,062

)

(156

,995

)

(163

,579

)

(166

,849

)

(170

,484

)

1,12

1

1,21

5

1,33

3

1,47

5

1,57

8

1,65

6

1,69

5

1,73

9

(130

,000

)

(140

,986

)

(154

,704

)

(171

,286

)

(183

,356

)

(192

,400

)

(196

,940

)

(202

,024

)

1,32

7

1,46

8

1,64

2

1,77

1

1,86

9

1,91

9

1,97

6

(154

,000

)

(170

,516

)

(190

,884

)

(205

,996

)

(217

,481

)

(223

,300

)

(229

,858

)

1,64

2

1,86

3

2,03

2

2,16

2

2,22

9

2,30

6

(191

,000

)

(216

,928

)

(236

,657

)

(251

,943

)

(259

,786

)

(268

,705

)

2,15

3

2,38

1

2,56

3

2,65

7

2,76

6

(251

,000

)

(277

,797

)

(299

,098

)

(310

,216

)

(323

,020

)

2,66

3

2,89

2

3,01

3

3,15

4

(311

,000

)

(337

,944

)

(352

,206

)

(368

,804

)

3,16

4

3,31

0

3,48

1

(370

,000

)

(387

,165

)

(407

,315

)

3,46

9

3,65

8 (4

06,0

00)

(428

,214

)3,

868

(453

,000

)

2,00

0

3,08

0

3,00

0

4,53

0

4,00

0

5,97

0

5,00

0

7,39

0

6,00

0

8,80

0

8,00

0

11,6

00

10,0

00

14,3

00

12,0

00

17,1

00

15,0

00

21,1

00

20,0

00

27,8

00

25,0

00

34,4

00

30,0

00

41,0

00

40,0

00

54,0

00

50,0

00

66,8

00

60,0

00

79,5

00

80,0

00

105,

000

100,

000

130,

000

120,

000

154,

000

150,

000

191,

000

200,

000

251,

000

250,

000

311,

000

300,

000

370,

000

330,

000

406,

000

370,

000

453,

000

1500×

3000

－P

50, 3

pcs

2500×

5500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

6500

－P

50, 4

pcs

3300×

6500

－P

50, 5

pcs

4500×

9000

－

P50

, 4pc

s

1,00

03,

000

6,00

010

,000

30,0

0050

,000

100,

000

150,

000

200,

000

330,

000

3,00

06,

000

10,0

0030

,000

50,0

0010

0,00

015

0,00

020

0,00

033

0,00

050

0,00

0

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

Col

orE

quiv

alen

t Dis

plac

emen

tC

oeff

icie

nt ( C

:ton

s)


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

Ene

rgy

Abs

orpt

ion:

kNm

( C:t

ons)

40

Tab

le 7

- 6

Fen

der

Sel

ecti

on

at

Ro

ug

h C

on

dit

ion

(P

etro

leu

m)

SH

IP B

DW

T

Ton ( D

T)

DW

TDi

spla

cem

ent

SHIP A

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

40,0

00

50,0

00

60,0

00

80,0

00

100,

000

120,

000

150,

000

200,

000

250,

000

300,

000

330,

000

370,

000

1,59

0

3,08

0

4,53

0

5,97

0

7,39

0

8,80

0

11,6

00

14,3

00

17,1

00

21,1

00

27,8

00

34,4

00

41,0

00

54,0

00

66,8

00

79,5

00

105,

000

130,

000

154,

000

191,

000

251,

000

311,

000

370,

000

406,

000

453,

000

1,00

0

1,59

0

89

117

131

140

146

150

156

160

163

165

168

170

171

173

174

175

175

176

176

177

177

177

177

177

177

(1,5

90)

(2,0

97)

(2,3

54)

(2,5

11)

(2,6

17)

(2,6

93)

(2,7

97)

(2,8

62)

(2,9

09)

(2,9

57)

(3,0

08)

(3,0

40)

(3,0

61)

(3,0

89)

(3,1

06)

(3,1

18)

(3,1

33)

(3,1

42)

(3,1

48)

(3,1

54)

(3,1

60)

(3,1

64)

(3,1

66)

(3,1

68)

(3,1

69)

164

195

216

231

242

259

269

277

286

295

301

305

310

313

316

318

320

321

323

324

325

325

325

326

(3,0

80)

(3,6

67)

(4,0

64)

(4,3

48)

(4,5

63)

(4,8

68)

(5,0

68)

(5,2

20)

(5,3

75)

(5,5

46)

(5,6

54)

(5,7

30)

(5,8

28)

(5,8

88)

(5,9

30)

(5,9

84)

(6,0

17)

(6,0

39)

(6,0

62)

(6,0

85)

(6,1

00)

(6,1

09)

(6,1

14)

(6,1

18)

230

261

284

303

330

348

362

377

394

405

413

423

430

435

440

443

446

448

451

453

454

454

455

(4,5

30)

(5,1

51)

(5,6

17)

(5,9

81)

(6,5

16)

(6,8

80)

(7,1

63)

(7,4

59)

(7,7

91)

(8,0

06)

(8,1

59)

(8,3

59)

(8,4

85)

(8,5

72)

(8,6

85)

(8,7

55)

(8,8

01)

(8,8

50)

(8,8

99)

(8,9

30)

(8,9

50)

(8,9

60)

(8,9

70)

288

319

343

380

406

426

448

473

490

502

518

529

537

545

551

554

559

563

565

567

568

569

(5,9

70)

(6,6

05)

(7,1

14)

(7,8

83)

(8,4

23)

(8,8

50)

(9,3

07)

(9,8

29)

(10,

174)

(10,

422)

(10,

751)

(10,

960)

(11,

106)

(11,

298)

(11,

416)

(11,

494)

(11,

578)

(11,

663)

(11,

715)

(11,

750)

(11,

767)

(11,

785)

340

369

414

447

473

502

535

558

574

596

612

623

634

642

647

653

659

663

665

667

668

(7,3

90)

(8,0

34)

(9,0

28)

(9,7

44)

(10,

320)

(10,

946)

(11,

676)

(12,

166)

(12,

523)

(13,

001)

(13,

308)

(13,

523)

(13,

808)

(13,

985)

(14,

103)

(14,

229)

(14,

357)

(14,

437)

(14,

491)

(14,

516)

(14,

543)

383

435

473

504

539

580

608

629

657

677

691

705

716

723

731

739

744

747

749

750

(8,8

00)

(10,

008)

(10,

895)

(11,

620)

(12,

420)

(13,

368)

(14,

015)

(14,

490)

(15,

134)

(15,

551)

(15,

846)

(16,

239)

(16,

484)

(16,

649)

(16,

825)

(17,

004)

(17,

116)

(17,

191)

(17,

227)

(17,

265)

455

502

541

586

640

679

707

747

776

797

817

834

844

856

868

876

881

883

886

(11,

600)

(12,

809)

(13,

823)

(14,

970)

(16,

370)

(17,

350)

(18,

084)

(19,

098)

(19,

767)

(20,

246)

(20,

892)

(21,

299)

(21,

575)

(21,

872)

(22,

175)

(22,

366)

(22,

495)

(22,

556)

(22,

621)

503

547

598

663

709

744

793

830

857

883

904

918

934

950

960

967

970

974

(14,

300)

(15,

575)

(17,

047)

(18,

886)

(20,

202)

(21,

204)

(22,

612)

(23,

557)

(24,

240)

(25,

172)

(25,

766)

(26,

170)

(26,

608)

(27,

058)

(27,

343)

(27,

536)

(27,

627)

(27,

725)

585

646

724

780

824

887

934

969

1,00

5

1,03

3

1,05

2

1,07

3

1,09

4

1,10

8

1,11

8

1,12

2

1,12

7

(17,

100)

(18,

891)

(21,

175)

(22,

844)

(24,

134)

(25,

975)

(27,

230)

(28,

146)

(29,

410)

(30,

224)

(30,

782)

(31,

390)

(32,

019)

(32,

418)

(32,

689)

(32,

818)

(32,

956)

696

790

861

917

998

1,06

1

1,10

8

1,15

6

1,19

4

1,22

1

1,25

1

1,28

1

1,30

1

1,31

4

1,32

1

1,32

8

(21,

100)

(23,

991)

(26,

156)

(27,

862)

(30,

344)

(32,

070)

(33,

349)

(35,

139)

(36,

307)

(37,

115)

(38,

002)

(38,

928)

(39,

519)

(39,

923)

(40,

115)

(40,

322)

854

944

1,01

7

1,12

6

1,21

2

1,27

9

1,34

7

1,40

4

1,44

4

1,48

8

1,53

5

1,56

5

1,58

6

1,59

6

1,60

7

(27,

800)

(30,

750)

(33,

134)

(36,

704)

(39,

261)

(41,

195)

(43,

961)

(45,

805)

(47,

098)

(48,

536)

(50,

056)

(51,

038)

(51,

714)

(52,

037)

(52,

385)

989

1,07

4

1,20

6

1,31

3

1,39

7

1,48

6

1,56

0

1,61

2

1,67

2

1,73

5

1,77

7

1,80

6

1,82

0

1,83

5

(34,

400)

(37,

411)

(42,

027)

(45,

413)

(48,

021)

(51,

822)

(54,

404)

(56,

238)

(58,

300)

(60,

507)

(61,

948)

(62,

948)

(63,

426)

(63,

944)

1,09

4

1,24

2

1,36

6

1,46

4

1,57

0

1,65

9

1,72

3

1,79

7

1,87

6

1,92

9

1,96

6

1,98

3

2,00

3

(41,

000)

(46,

611)

(50,

813)

(54,

100)

(58,

973)

(62,

339)

(64,

759)

(67,

509)

(70,

486)

(72,

449)

(73,

820)

(74,

479)

(75,

194)

1,23

9

1,38

4

1,50

3

1,63

4

1,74

7

1,83

1

1,92

8

2,03

5

2,10

7

2,15

8

2,18

3

2,21

0

(54,

000)

(59,

722)

(64,

315)

(71,

321)

(76,

304)

(79,

962)

(84,

196)

(88,

879)

(92,

022)

(94,

245)

(95,

322)

(96,

497)

1,33

5

1,46

7

1,61

5

1,74

6

1,84

5

1,96

2

2,09

4

2,18

4

2,24

9

2,28

0

2,31

5

(66,

800)

(72,

599)

(81,

653)

(88,

252)

(93,

181)

(98,

982)

(105

,518

)

(109

,978

)

(113

,168

)

(114

,724

)

(116

,431

)

1,52

0

1,69

2

1,84

9

1,96

8

2,11

1

2,27

6

2,39

1

2,47

5

2,51

6

2,56

2

(79,

500)

(90,

488)

(98,

663)

(104

,865

)

(112

,270

)

(120

,753

)

(126

,630

)

(130

,879

)

(132

,964

)

(135

,262

)

1,65

4

1,82

8

1,96

4

2,13

0

2,32

7

2,46

7

2,57

0

2,62

2

2,67

9

(105

,000

)

(116

,170

)

(124

,865

)

(135

,507

)

(148

,062

)

(156

,995

)

(163

,579

)

(166

,849

)

(170

,484

)

1,75

2

1,89

9

2,08

3

2,30

4

2,46

6

2,58

7

2,64

8

2,71

7

(130

,000

)

(140

,986

)

(154

,704

)

(171

,286

)

(183

,356

)

(192

,400

)

(196

,940

)

(202

,024

)

2,07

3

2,29

3

2,56

5

2,76

7

2,92

1

2,99

9

3,08

7

(154

,000

)

(170

,516

)

(190

,884

)

(205

,996

)

(217

,481

)

(223

,300

)

(229

,858

)

2,56

6

2,91

2

3,17

5

3,37

9

3,48

3

3,60

3

(191

,000

)

(216

,928

)

(236

,657

)

(251

,943

)

(259

,786

)

(268

,705

)

3,36

5

3,72

1

4,00

4

4,15

2

4,32

3

(251

,000

)

(277

,797

)

(299

,098

)

(310

,216

)

(323

,020

)

4,16

2

4,51

9

4,70

9

4,92

9

(311

,000

)

(337

,944

)

(352

,206

)

(368

,804

)

4,94

4

5,17

1

5,43

9

(370

,000

)

(387

,165

)

(407

,315

)

5,42

1

5,71

5 (4

06,0

00)

(428

,214

)6,

043

(453

,000

)

2,00

0

3,08

0

3,00

0

4,53

0

4,00

0

5,97

0

5,00

0

7,39

0

6,00

0

8,80

0

8,00

0

11,6

00

10,0

00

14,3

00

12,0

00

17,1

00

15,0

00

21,1

00

20,0

00

27,8

00

25,0

00

34,4

00

30,0

00

41,0

00

40,0

00

54,0

00

50,0

00

66,8

00

60,0

00

79,5

00

80,0

00

105,

000

100,

000

130,

000

120,

000

154,

000

150,

000

191,

000

200,

000

251,

000

250,

000

311,

000

300,

000

370,

000

330,

000

406,

000

370,

000

453,

000

1500×

3000

－P

50, 3

pcs

2500×

5500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

6500

－P

50, 4

pcs

3300×

6500

－P

50, 5

pcs

4500×

9000

－P

50, 4

pcs

1,00

03,

000

6,00

010

,000

30,0

0050

,000

100,

000

150,

000

200,

000

330,

000

3,00

06,

000

10,0

0030

,000

50,0

0010

0,00

015

0,00

020

0,00

033

0,00

050

0,00

0

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

Col

orE

quiv

alen

t Dis

plac

emen

tC

oeff

icie

nt ( C

:ton

s)

4500×

9000

－

P80

, 5pc

s


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

Ene

rgy

Abs

orpt

ion:

kNm

( C:t

ons)

41

Tab

le 7

- 7

Fen

der

Sel

ecti

on

at

Cal

m C

on

dit

ion

(L

iqu

efie

d G

as)

SH

IP B

Ton ( D

T)

GT

GT

Dis

plac

emen

t

SHIP A

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

40,0

00

50,0

00

60,0

00

80,0

00

100,

000

120,

000

150,

000

2,48

0

4,57

0

6,53

0

8,42

0

10,2

00

12,0

00

15,5

00

18,9

00

22,2

00

27,0

00

34,8

00

42,4

00

49,8

00

64,1

00

78,1

00

91,7

00

118,

000

144,

000

169,

000

206,

000

1,00

0

2,48

0 2,

000

4,57

0

3,00

0

6,53

0

4,00

0

8,42

0

5,00

0

10,2

00

6,

000

12,0

00

8,00

0

15,5

00

10,0

00

18,9

00

12,0

00

22,2

00

15,0

00

27,0

00

20,0

00

34,8

00

25,0

00

42,4

00

30,0

00

49,8

00

40,0

00

64,1

00

50,0

00

78,1

00

60,0

00

91,7

00

80,0

00

118,

000

100,

000

144,

000

120,

000

169,

000

150,

000

206,

000

50 65 73 77 81 83 86 88 90 92 93 95 95 96 97 97 98 98 99 99

(2,4

80)

(3,2

15)

(3,5

95)

(3,8

31)

(3,9

90)

(4,1

10)

(4,2

76)

(4,3

85)

(4,4

62)

(4,5

43)

(4,6

30)

(4,6

86)

(4,7

25)

(4,7

75)

(4,8

07)

(4,8

29)

(4,8

58)

(4,8

76)

(4,8

88)

(4,9

01)

88 104

114

122

128

136

142

146

151

156

159

162

165

166

168

169

171

171

172

(4,5

70)

(5,3

77)

(5,9

24)

(6,3

12)

(6,6

19)

(7,0

59)

(7,3

60)

(7,5

80)

(7,8

17)

(8,0

79)

(8,2

51)

(8,3

72)

(8,5

32)

(8,6

35)

(8,7

06)

(8,7

99)

(8,8

59)

(8,8

99)

(8,9

42)

122

137

148

164

178

188

196

204

214

220

224

229

233

236

239

241

243

245

(6,5

30)

(7,3

56)

(7,9

62)

(8,4

58)

(9,1

89)

(9,7

06)

(10,

092)

(10,

517)

(10,

997)

(11,

317)

(11,

546)

(11,

853)

(12,

052)

(12,

192)

(12,

375)

(12,

493)

(12,

574)

(12,

659)

150

165

177

195

208

218

229

242

251

257

265

270

273

278

282

284

287

(8,4

20)

(9,2

25)

(9,8

96)

(10,

912)

(11,

650)

(12,

209)

(12,

837)

(13,

559)

(14,

050)

(14,

405)

(14,

885)

(15,

201)

(15,

424)

(15,

718)

(15,

910)

(16,

041)

(16,

179)

176

190

212

228

241

255

271

283

291

301

308

313

320

325

328

332

(10,

200)

(11,

027)

(12,

304)

(13,

249)

(13,

978)

(14,

806)

(15,

776)

(16,

444)

(16,

932)

(17,

599)

(18,

043)

(18,

358)

(18,

777)

(19,

051)

(19,

239)

(19,

438)

198

223

242

256

273

294

308

318

331

340

346

355

361

365

370

(12,

000)

(13,

527)

(14,

680)

(15,

579)

(16,

615)

(17,

846)

(18,

706)

(19,

340)

(20,

216)

(20,

804)

(21,

223)

(21,

785)

(22,

154)

(22,

409)

(22,

679)

235

258

276

298

325

344

358

375

387

396

409

418

424

431

(15,

500)

(17,

032)

(18,

255)

(19,

694)

(21,

447)

(22,

701)

(23,

642)

(24,

964)

(25,

866)

(26,

518)

(27,

401)

(27,

987)

(28,

396)

(28.

831)

263

284

309

340

363

380

402

417

429

445

456

464

473

(18,

900)

(20,

418)

(22,

235)

(24,

496)

(26,

146)

(27,

401)

(29,

193)

(30,

435)

(31,

341)

(32,

581)

(33,

414)

(33,

998)

(34,

623)

301

330

367

394

416

442

461

476

496

511

521

533

(22,

200)

(24,

366)

(27,

107)

(29,

142)

(30,

710)

(32,

978)

(34,

573)

(35,

746)

(37,

369)

(38,

469)

(39,

245)

(40,

081)

351

395

428

454

488

512

531

558

577

591

606

(27,

000)

(30,

408)

(32,

991)

(35,

016)

(37,

996)

(40,

127)

(41,

717)

(43,

945)

(45,

474)

(46,

561)

(47,

742)

419

460

492

535

567

592

629

655

674

696

(34,

800)

(38,

226)

(40,

970)

(45,

110)

(48,

147)

(50,

453)

(53,

749)

(56,

054)

(57,

715)

(59,

542)

475

513

563

602

632

677

710

734

762

(42,

400)

(45,

803)

(51,

039)

(54,

962)

(57,

988)

(62,

384)

(65,

511)

(67,

792)

(70,

325)

519

575

618

652

704

742

771

804

(49,

800)

(56,

052)

(60,

819)

(64,

546)

(70,

041)

(74,

006)

(76,

931)

(80,

210)

547

593

631

689

732

766

805

(64,

100)

(70,

411)

(75,

455)

(83,

073)

(88,

711)

(92,

946)

(97,

776)

573

613

675

723

760

804

(78,

100)

(84,

355)

(93,

991)

(101

,273

)

(106

,830

)

(113

,260

)

571

633

682

721

766

(91,

700)

(103

,201

)

(112

,048

)

(118

,890

)

(126

,908

)

523

568

605

649

718

781

856

(118

,000

)

(129

,710

)

(138

,969

)

(150

,049

)

623

666.

8797

721

(144

,000

)

(155

,502

)

(169

,509

)

(169

,000

)

(185

,675

)(2

06,0

00)

1500×

3000

－P

50, 3

pcs

2000×

3500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

4500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

4500

－P

50, 4

pcs

1,00

03,

000

5,00

08,

000

20,0

0040

,000

3,00

05,

000

8,00

020

,000

40,0

0080

,000

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

Col

orE

quiv

alen

t Dis

plac

emen

tC

oeff

icie

nt ( C

:ton

s)

C＞

80,0

00

Ene

rgy

Abs

orpt

ion:

kNm

( C:t

ons)


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

42

Tab

le 7

- 8

Fen

der

Sel

ecti

on

at

Mo

der

ate

Co

nd

itio

n (

Liq

uef

ied

Gas

)

SH

IP B

Ton ( D

T)

GT

GT

Dis

plac

emen

t

SHIP A

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

40,0

00

50,0

00

60,0

00

80,0

00

100,

000

120,

000

150,

000

2,48

0

4,57

0

6,53

0

8,42

0

10,2

00

12,0

00

15,5

00

18,9

00

22,2

00

27,0

00

34,8

00

42,4

00

49,8

00

64,1

00

78,1

00

91,7

00

118,

000

144,

000

169,

000

206,

000

1,00

0

2,48

0 2,

000

4,57

0

3,00

0

6,53

0

4,00

0

8,42

0

5,00

0

10,2

00

6,

000

12,0

00

8,00

0

15,5

00

10,0

00

18,9

00

12,0

00

22,2

00

15,0

00

27,0

00

20,0

00

34,8

00

25,0

00

42,4

00

30,0

00

49,8

00

40,0

00

64,1

00

50,0

00

78,1

00

60,0

00

91,7

00

80,0

00

118,

000

100,

000

144,

000

120,

000

169,

000

150,

000

206,

000

89 115

129

137

143

147

153

157

160

163

166

168

170

171

172

173

174

175

175

176

(2,4

80)

(3,2

15)

(3,5

95)

(3,8

31)

(3,9

90)

(4,1

10)

(4,2

76)

(4,3

85)

(4,4

62)

(4,5

43)

(4,6

30)

(4,6

86)

(4,7

25)

(4,7

75)

(4,8

07)

(4,8

29)

(4,8

58)

(4,8

76)

(4,8

88)

(4,9

01)

157

185

204

217

227

242

253

260

269

278

283

288

292

296

298

301

303

305

306

(4,5

70)

(5,3

77)

(5,9

24)

(6,3

12)

(6,6

19)

(7,0

59)

(7,3

60)

(7,5

80)

(7,8

17)

(8,0

79)

(8,2

51)

(8,3

72)

(8,5

32)

(8,6

35)

(8,7

06)

(8,7

99)

(8,8

59)

(8,8

99)

(8,9

42)

214

241

261

277

301

318

330

344

360

370

378

387

393

397

403

407

409

412

(6,5

30)

(7,3

56)

(7,9

62)

(8,4

58)

(9,1

89)

(9,7

06)

(10,

092)

(10,

517)

(10,

997)

(11,

317)

(11,

546)

(11,

853)

(12,

052)

(12,

192)

(12,

375)

(12,

493)

(12,

574)

(12,

659)

264

289

310

342

365

383

402

425

440

451

465

474

480

489

495

499

504

(8,4

20)

(9,2

25)

(9,8

96)

(10,

912)

(11,

650)

(12,

209)

(12,

837)

(13,

559)

(14,

050)

(14,

405)

(14,

885)

(15,

201)

(15,

424)

(15,

718)

(15,

910)

(16,

041)

(16,

179)

306

331

369

397

419

444

473

493

508

525

537

546

558

566

572

578

(10,

200)

(11,

027)

(12,

304)

(13,

249)

(13,

978)

(14,

806)

(15,

776)

(16,

444)

(16,

932)

(17,

599)

(18,

043)

(18,

358)

(18,

777)

(19,

051)

(19,

239)

(19,

438)

343

386

419

444

474

509

533

551

573

588

599

614

625

632

640

(12,

000)

(13,

527)

(14,

680)

(15,

579)

(16,

615)

(17,

846)

(18,

706)

(19,

340)

(20,

216)

(20,

804)

(21,

223)

(21,

785)

(22,

154)

(22,

409)

(22,

679)

403

443

475

512

557

590

614

644

665

681

702

717

728

740

(15,

500)

(17,

032)

(18,

255)

(19,

694)

（21

,447

)

(22,

701)

(23,

642)

(24,

964)

(25,

866)

(26,

518)

(27,

401)

(27,

987)

(28,

396)

(28,

831)

444

479

522

574

613

642

679

705

724

751

770

784

799

(18,

900)

(20,

418)

(22,

235)

(24,

496)

(26,

146)

(27,

401)

(29,

193)

(30,

435)

(31,

341)

(32,

581)

(33,

414)

(33,

998)

(34,

623)

505

554

616

662

697

742

774

798

833

857

874

894

(22,

200)

(24,

366)

(27,

107)

(29,

142)

(30,

710)

(32,

978)

(34,

573)

(35,

746)

(37,

369)

(38,

469)

(39,

245)

(40,

081)

587

661

716

760

816

857

888

933

965

988

1,01

4

(27,

000)

(30,

408)

(32,

991)

(35,

016)

(37,

996)

(40,

127)

(41,

717)

(43,

945)

(45,

474)

(46,

561)

(47,

742)

(34,

800)

(38,

226)

(40,

970)

(45,

110)

(48,

147)

(50,

453)

(53,

749)

(56,

054)

(57,

715)

(59,

542)

694

762

816

887

941

982

1,04

2

1,08

6

1,11

8

1,15

4

778

841

923

986

1,03

6

1,10

9

1,16

3

1,20

3

1,24

9

(42,

400)

(45,

803)

(51,

039)

(54,

962)

(57,

988)

(62,

384)

(65,

511)

(67,

792)

(70,

325)

833

923

992

1,04

7

1,13

0

1,17

5

1,23

8

1,29

2

(49,

800)

(56,

052)

(60,

819)

(64,

546)

(70,

041)

(74,

006)

(76,

931)

(80,

210)

854

927

986

1,07

6

1,14

4

1,19

6

1,25

7

(64,

100)

(70,

411)

(75,

455)

(83,

073)

(88,

711)

(92,

946)

(97,

776)

919

982

1,08

2

1,15

8

1,21

8

1,28

8

(78,

100)

(84,

355)

(93,

991)

(101

,273

)

(106

,830

)

(113

,260

)

944

1,04

7

1,12

8

1,19

1

1,26

7

(91,

700)

(103

,201

)

(112

,048

)

(118

,890

)

(126

,908

)

929

1,01

0

1,18

5

1,27

2

(118

,000

)

(129

,710

)

(138

,969

)

(150

,049

)

(144

,000

)

(155

,502

)

(169

,509

)

(169

,000

)

(185

,675

)(2

06,0

00)

1,10

7

1185

.564

1,28

2

1,27

6

1,38

81,

521

1500×

3000

－P

50, 3

pcs

2000×

3500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

4500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

4500

－P

50, 4

pcs

4500×

9000

－P

50, 4

pcs

Ene

rgy

Abs

orpt

ion:

kNm

( C:t

ons)

1,00

03,

000

5,00

08,

000

20,0

0040

,000

3,00

05,

000

8,00

020

,000

40,0

0080

,000

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

Col

orE

quiv

alen

t Dis

plac

emen

tC

oeff

icie

nt ( C

:ton

s)

C＞

80,0

00


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

43

Tab

le 7

- 9

Fen

der

Sel

ecti

on

at

Ro

ug

h C

on

dit

ion

(L

iqu

efie

d G

as)

SH

IP B

Ton

( DT

)G

T

GT

Dis

plac

emen

t

SHIP A

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

0

10,0

00

12,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

25,0

00

30,0

00

40,0

00

50,0

00

60,0

00

80,0

00

100,

000

120,

000

150,

000

2,48

0

4,57

0

6,53

0

8,42

0

10,2

00

12,0

00

15,5

00

18,9

00

22,2

00

27,0

00

34,8

00

42,4

00

49,8

00

64,1

00

78,1

00

91,7

00

118,

000

144,

000

169,

000

206,

000

1,00

0

2,48

0

2,00

0

4,57

0

3,00

0

6,53

0

4,00

0

8,42

0

5,00

0

10,2

00 6,

000

12,0

00

8,00

0

15,5

00

10,0

00

18,9

00

12,0

00

22,2

00

15,0

00

27,0

00

20,0

00

34,8

00

25,0

00

42,4

00

30,0

00

49,8

00

40,0

00

64,1

00

50,0

00

78,1

00

60,0

00

91,7

00

80,0

00

118,

000

100,

000

144,

000

120,

000

169,

000

150,

000

206,

000

139

180

201

215

224

230

240

246

250

255

260

263

265

268

269

270

272

273

274

274

(2,4

80)

(3,2

15)

(3,5

95)

(3,8

31)

(3,9

90)

(4,1

10)

(4,2

76)

(4,3

85)

(4,4

62)

(4,5

43)

(4,6

30)

(4,6

86)

(4,7

25)

(4,7

75)

(4,8

07)

(4,8

29)

(4,8

58)

(4,8

76)

(4,8

88)

(4,9

01)

245

288

317

337

354

377

393

405

418

432

441

448

455

460

464

469

472

474

476

(4,5

70)

(5,3

77)

(5,9

24)

(6,3

12)

(6,6

19)

(7,0

59)

(7,3

60)

(7,5

80)

(7,8

17)

(8,0

79)

(8,2

51)

(8,3

72)

(8,5

32)

(8,6

35)

(8,7

06)

(8,7

99)

(8,8

59)

(8,8

99)

(8,9

42)

333

375

406

431

468

495

514

536

561

577

589

602

612

618

627

633

638

642

(6,5

30)

(7,3

56)

(7,9

62)

(8,4

58)

(9,1

89)

(9,7

06)

(10,

092)

(10,

517)

(10,

997)

(11,

317)

(11,

546)

(11,

853)

(12,

052)

(12,

192)

(12,

375)

(12,

493)

(12,

574)

(12,

659)

410

449

481

530

566

593

624

659

683

700

721

734

744

758

767

774

781

(8,4

20)

(9,2

25)

(9,8

96)

(10,

912)

(11,

650)

(12,

209)

(12,

837)

(13,

559)

(14,

050)

(14,

405)

(14,

885)

(15,

201)

(15,

424)

(15,

718)

(15,

910)

(16,

041)

(16,

179)

473

511

570

614

647

685

730

761

784

811

829

843

861

874

883

892

(10,

200)

(11,

027)

(12,

304)

(13,

249)

(13,

978)

(14,

806)

(15,

776)

(16,

444)

(16,

932)

(17,

599)

(18,

043)

(18,

358)

(18,

777)

(19,

051)

(19,

239)

(19,

438)

527

594

644

683

729

783

820

848

882

905

922

945

961

972

985

(12,

000)

(13,

527)

(14,

680)

(15,

579)

(16,

615)

(17,

846)

(18,

706)

(19,

340)

(20,

216)

(20,

804)

(21,

223)

(21,

785)

(22,

154)

(22,

409)

(22,

679)

614

674

723

779

849

898

935

981

1,01

3

1,03

6

1,06

9

1,09

2

1,10

8

1,12

6

(15,

500)

(17,

032)

(18,

255)

(19,

694)

（21

,447

)

(22,

701)

(23,

642)

(24,

964)

(25,

866)

(26,

518)

(27,

401)

(27,

987)

(28,

396)

(28,

831)

672

726

790

870

929

973

1,02

8

1,06

8

1,09

7

1,13

8

1,16

7

1,18

8

1,21

0

(18,

900)

(20,

418)

(22,

235)

(24,

496)

(26,

146)

(27,

401)

(29,

193)

(30,

435)

(31,

341)

(32,

581)

(33,

414)

(33,

998)

(34,

623)

761

835

929

998

1,05

2

1,11

9

1,16

8

1,20

4

1,25

6

1,29

3

1,31

9

1,34

8

(22,

200)

(24,

366)

(27,

107)

(29,

142)

(30,

710)

(32,

978)

(34,

573)

(35,

746)

(37,

369)

(38,

469)

(39,

245)

(40,

081)

879

989

1,07

3

1,13

8

1,22

2

1,28

3

1,33

0

1,39

7

1,44

5

1,47

9

1,51

8

(27,

000)

(30,

408)

(32,

991)

(35,

016)

(37,

996)

(40,

127)

(41,

717)

(43,

945)

(45,

474)

(46,

561)

(47,

742)

1,03

9

1,14

0

1,22

2

1,32

8

1,40

8

1,46

9

1,55

9

1,62

5

1,67

3

1,72

7

(34,

800)

(38,

226)

(40,

970)

(45,

110)

(48,

147)

(50,

453)

(53,

749)

(56,

054)

(57,

715)

(59,

542)

1,15

0

1,24

2

1,36

3

1,45

6

1,52

9

1,63

8

1,71

7

1,77

7

1,84

4

(42,

400)

(45,

803)

(51,

039)

(54,

962)

(57,

988)

(62,

384)

(65,

511)

(67,

792)

(70,

325)

1,22

1

1,35

3

1,45

5

1,53

6

1,65

7

1,74

8

1,81

6

1,89

4

(49,

800)

(56,

052)

(60,

819)

(64,

546)

(70,

041)

(74,

006)

(76,

931)

(80,

210)

1,23

0

1,33

5

1,42

0

1,54

9

1,64

7

1,72

2

1,81

0

(64,

100)

(70,

411)

(75,

455)

(83,

073)

(88,

711)

(92,

946)

(97,

776)

1,34

5

1,43

9

1,58

4

1,69

6

1,78

3

1,88

6

(78,

100)

(84,

355)

(93,

991)

(101

,273

)

(106

,830

)

(113

,260

)

1,41

0

1,56

4

1,68

5

1,77

9

1,89

2

(91,

700)

(103

,201

)

(112

,048

)

(118

,890

)

(126

,908

)

1,45

2

1,57

9

1,68

0

1,80

3

(118

,000

)

(129

,710

)

(138

,969

)

(150

,049

)

1,73

0

1,85

2

2,00

3

(144

,000

)

(155

,502

)

(169

,509

)

1500×

3000

－P

50, 3

pcs

2000×

3500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

4500

－P

50, 3

pcs

3300×

4500

－P

50, 4

pcs

4500×

9000

－P

50, 4

pcs E

nerg

y A

bsor

ptio

n:kN

m( C

:ton

s)

1,99

3

2,16

8

(169

,000

)

(185

,675

)

2,37

7(2

06,0

00)

1,00

03,

000

5,00

08,

000

20,0

0040

,000

3,00

05,

000

8,00

020

,000

40,0

0080

,000

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

＜C＜

Col

orE

quiv

alen

t Dis

plac

emen

tC

oeff

icie

nt ( C

:ton

s)

C＞

80,0

00


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

44

7.1.9 Fender Selection by Numerical Simulation for Two Ships Berthing and Mooring

Fender quantity and size will be determined by calculating the berthing energy, derived

from the calculated virtual mass and the relative berthing speed between the two ships.

In some cases large ship motions are induced by waves, wind and current.

Consequently, excess loads are given to the fenders. In severe weather conditions,

fenders used for ship berthing or ship mooring need to be selected after a more thorough

investigation of the ship's motions under dynamic conditions. Furthermore, when two

ships are moored together during STS operations, not only the fenders but also the

system of mooring lines needs to be studied as it has the important role of keeping a

proper standoff distance between the two ships.

The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. developed the numerical simulation software IAMOS (Integrated Approach, Mooring and Operation Simulation for Ship/FPSO to Ship

Operation), and will provide the analysis for customers on special request. Fig.7-5

through 7-8 show details of the IAMOS process.

Fig.7-5 Fender Selection by Numerical Simulation (IAMOS) for Ship-to-Ship Usage

Fig.7-6 Numerical Simulation for Two Ships Berthing and Mooring (IAMOS)

INPUT DATA

Check Results

Mooring Line Size,Number, Pretension

Fender Size,Number, Position

Ship Size,Conditions,Principal Dim.

External Conditions(Waves, Wind, Current)

Approaching ConditionsMooring Conditions

Appropriate (or Final) Fender Size, Number and Positions

Final Fender Size, Number and Positions

Computer Simulation (IAMOS)

Simulation Conditions;External Force Conditions (Waves, Wind, Current) Approaching Condition

Results ;Time Series (Ship Motions, Fender Loads, Line Tensions, Stand-off Distance)

No

Yes

Change of Fender Condition

3-D Model generated Computer Simulations

Time Series Results

Animation Software


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

45

(b) Mooring during Operation(a) at Berthing(a) at Berthing (b) Mooring during OperationWaves

Hydrodynamic forces

Ship A(VLCC)

Hydrodynamic forces

Ship AShip B

Wind WavesCurrent

Fenders

Mooring Iines

Fig.7-7 Applicable Conditions for Two Ships (IAMOS)

Fig.7-8 Animation Display Results for Two Ships (IAMOS)

(a) Two-Ships Berthing

(b) Two-Ships Mooring


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

46

7.2 Ship-to-Jetty The selection of a pneumatic fender system (sizes and installation methods) for a jetty is

determined based on several design parameters for each ship berthing and mooring

condition.

7.2.1 Fender Selection for Berthing and Mooring of Ships

Ship size and condition, as well as berthing velocity are at first determined.

Then berthing energy "E" is calculated, and a fender is selected based on the berthing

energy requirement.

A safety factor (SF) value from 1.0 to 2.0 for the berthing energy shall be considered for

abnormal berthing conditions. Fender selection procedure for ship-to-jetty operations is

illustrated as Fig.7-9 below.

Fig.7-9 Fender Selection for Ship-to-Jetty Usage

Max. Fender Energy Ef > Berthing Energy ; E

Suitable Fender Selected

EWVdB

Ce

Cm

CsCcSF

: Ship berthing energy (kNm)

: Displacement (ton)

: Berthing velocity (m/s)

: draft (m)

: Breadth (m)

: Eccentricity factor

: Virtual mass factor,

: Softness coefficient: Berth configuration factor: Safety factor

Fender Selection

Berthing Ship

Ship Types, Ship Sizes and ConditionsBerthing Velocity (V) based on Weather Condition (Calm, Moderate, or Rough)

Berthing Energy ;

W・V 2E = Ce SF21

× Cm× Cs× Cc× ×

W・V 2E = Ce SF21

× Cm× Cs× Cc× ×

＋Cm= 2・1 dB


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

47

7.2.2 Berthing Energy Tables

Tables 7-11 through 7-17 show the berthing energy for various kinds of ships and sizes

at different approaching speeds corresponding to Calm, Moderate and Rough weather

conditions as shown in Table 7-10.

In the tables, a safety factor SF=1.0 is used, and if a higher SF value is to be considered,

the energy value is to be multiplied by the desired SF.

Table 7-10 shows figures for tankers, but it can be applied to other kinds of ships, if their

virtual weights correspond to those in the table.

Table 7-10 Berthing Velocity for Ship-to-Jetty Operations

Less than 10,000

10,000－ 50,000

50,000－100,000

Over 100,000

Calm

Calm condition Moderate condition Rough condition

DWT RoughModerate

0.40 m/s －0.30 m/s －0.20 m/s －0.20 m/s －

0.18 － 0.30 m/s

0.15 － 0.25 m/s

0.12 － 0.18 m/s

0.12 － 0.18 m/s

－ 0.15 m/s

－ 0.12 m/s

－ 0.10 m/s

－ 0.10 m/s

Table 7-11 Berthing Energy for Oil Tanker (kNm)

0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40

7.1

13.7

20.1

26.4

32.7

38.8

51.1

62.8

75.0

92.4

121

150

179

235

297

362

454

561

663

821

1,077

1,332

1,582

1,735

1,934

10.3

19.8

29.0

38.1

47.0

55.9

73.5

90.5

108

133

175

216

257

338

427

521

653

807

955

1,183

1,550

1,918

2,278

2,498

2,785

16.0

30.9

45.2

59.5

73.5

87.4

115

141

169

208

273

338

402

528

668

814

1,021

1,262

1,492

1,848

2,423

2,996

3,560

3,903

4,351

23.1

44.4

65.1

85.6

106

126

165

204

243

299

394

486

579

760

961

1,171

1,470

1,817

2,149

2,661

3,488

4,315

5,126

5,620

6,265

28.5

54.9

80.4

106

131

155

204

251

300

370

486

600

714

939

1,187

1,446

1,815

2,243

2,653

3,285

4,307

5,327

6,328

6,939

7,735

44.5

85.7

126

165

204

243

319

393

469

578

759

938

1,116

1,466

1,855

2,260

2,836

3,505

4,146

5,132

6,729

8,323

9,888

10,842

12,086

64.1

123

181

238

294

350

460

566

675

832

1,093

1,350

1,607

2,112

2,671

3,254

4,083

5,047

5,970

7,391

9,690

11,985

14,239

15,612

17,404

114

219

322

423

523

621

817

1,005

1,201

1,479

1,944

2,401

2,857

3,754

4,748

5,785

7,259

8,972

10,613

13,139

17,227

21,307

25,313

27,755

30,940

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

330,000

370,000

2,849

5,486

8,042

10,573

13,064

15,533

20,427

25,136

30,013

36,966

48,590

60,017

71,427

93,856

118,692

144,622

181,483

224,293

265,315

328,475

430,676

532,685

632,829

693,880

773,508

DWTV (m /s)

VW ( T )


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

48


Table 7-13 Berthing Energy for Bulk Carrier (kNm)

0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40

6.9

13.2

19.4

25.4

31.3

37.1

48.7

59.8

71.0

88.0

115

142

168

221

270

329

424

523

620

766

1,003

1,235

1,467

9.9

19.0

27.9

36.6

45.0

53.5

70.1

86.2

102

127

166

204

243

318

389

474

610

754

893

1,102

1,444

1,779

2,113

15.5

29.8

43.6

57.1

70.4

83.6

109

135

160

198

259

319

379

497

608

740

953

1,178

1,396

1,722

2,256

2,779

3,301

22.3

42.9

62.7

82.2

101

120

158

194

230

285

373

459

546

715

876

1,066

1,373

1,696

2,010

2,480

3,249

4,002

4,754

27.6

52.9

77.4

102

125

149

195

239

284

352

461

567

674

883

1,081

1,316

1,695

2,094

2,481

3,062

4,011

4,941

5,869

43.1

82.7

121

159

195

232

304

374

444

550

720

886

1,053

1,380

1,690

2,056

2,648

3,271

3,877

4,784

6,267

7,720

9,171

62.0

119

174

228

281

334

438

539

639

792

1,036

1,276

1,516

1,987

2,433

2,961

3,814

4,711

5,583

6,890

9,024

11,116

13,206

110

212

310

406

500

594

779

957

1,136

1,407

1,842

2,269

2,696

3,533

4,326

5,264

6,780

8,375

9,925

12,248

16,043

19,762

23,477

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2,757

5,290

7,743

10,154

12,508

14,859

19,464

23,936

28,403

35,185

46,054

56,728

67,389

88,325

108,145

131,611

169,503

209,372

248,131

306,202

401,077

494,051

586,918

DWTV (m /s)

VW ( T )

Table 7-12 Berthing Energy for Gas Carrier (kNm)

0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40

11.0

20.5

29.2

37.6

45.5

53.5

69.0

84.0

98.6

120

154

188

220

273

324

373

465

554

16.0

29.5

42.0

54.1

65.5

77.0

99.3

121

142

173

222

270

317

394

467

537

669

797

25.1

46.0

65.7

84.5

102

120

155

189

222

270

347

422

496

615

730

839

1,045

1,246

36.1

66.3

94.5

122

147

173

223

272

319

388

500

608

714

886

1,051

1,208

1,505

1,794

44.5

81.8

117

150

182

214

276

336

394

479

617

751

881

1,094

1,297

1,491

1,858

2,215

69.6

128

182

235

284

334

431

525

616

749

964

1,173

1,377

1,709

2,027

2,330

2,904

3,461

100

184

263

338

409

481

621

756

887

1,078

1,388

1,689

1,983

2,461

2,919

3,355

4,181

4,983

178

327

467

601

728

855

1,103

1,344

1,578

1,917

2,467

3,003

3,525

4,375

5,189

5,965

7,433

8,859

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

4,454

8,183

11,672

15,031

18,191

21,384

27,586

33,604

39,440

47,921

61,687

75,086

88,121

109,372

129,723

149,117

185,834

221,472

GTV (m /s)

VW ( T )


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

49


Table 7-15 Berthing Energy for Container Ship (kNm)

0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40

45.7

51.7

64.3

77.0

95.3

126

156

186

247

315

364

467

569

65.8

74.5

92.6

111

137

181

225

268

356

454

524

673

820

103

116

145

173

214

283

352

419

556

709

819

1,051

1,281

148

168

208

249

309

408

506

603

801

1,021

1,179

1,514

1,845

183

207

257

308

381

504

625

745

988

1,260

1,456

1,869

2,278

286

323

402

481

596

787

977

1,164

1,544

1,969

2,275

2,921

3,559

411

466

579

693

858

1,133

1,406

1,676

2,224

2,836

3,276

4,206

5,125

731

828

1,029

1,231

1,525

2,015

2,500

2,980

3,954

5,042

5,824

7,477

9,110

7,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

18,273

20,699

25,734

30,782

38,115

50,376

62,504

74,489

98,838

126,047

145,611

186,920

227,756

DWTV (m /s)

VW ( T )

Table 7-14 Berthing Energy for General Cargo Ship (kNm)

0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40

7.3

14.2

21.0

27.7

34.3

40.9

53.9

66.8

79.7

98.8

131

162

193

254

316

10.5

20.4

30.2

39.8

49.4

58.9

77.6

96

115

142

188

233

278

366

454

16.4

31.9

47.2

62.2

77.1

92.0

121

150

179

222

294

364

434

572

710

23.6

45.9

68.0

89.6

111

132

175

216

258

320

423

523

624

824

1,022

29.1

56.7

83.9

111

137

164

216

267

319

395

522

646

771

1,018

1,262

45.4

88.6

131

173

214

256

337

417

498

617

816

1,010

1,205

1,590

1,972

65.4

128

189

249

309

368

485

601

718

889

1,175

1,454

1,735

2,290

2,840

116

227

336

443

549

654

862

1,069

1,276

1,581

2,089

2,585

3,084

4,071

5,048

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

2,908

5,672

8,395

11,065

13,714

16,356

21,558

26,715

31,894

39,514

52,221

64,629

77,090

101,768

126,208

DWTV (m /s)

VW ( T )


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

50


Table 7-17 Berthing Energy for Ferry (kNm)

0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40

4.6

9.1

13.7

18.2

22.7

27.3

36.3

45.3

54.3

68.0

90.4

113

135

181

6.6

13.2

19.7

26.2

32.7

39.2

52.3

65.2

78.1

97.9

130

163

195

260

10.3

20.6

30.8

40.9

51.2

61.3

81.7

102

122

153

203

254

305

407

14.9

29.6

44.3

59.0

73.7

88.3

118

147

176

220

293

366

439

586

18.4

36.5

54.7

72.8

90.9

109

145

181

217

272

362

452

542

723

28.7

57.1

85.4

114

142

170

227

283

339

425

565

706

847

1,130

41.3

82.2

123

164

205

245

327

407

488

612

813

1,016

1,219

1,628

73.5

146

219

291

364

436

581

724

868

1,087

1,446

1,806

2,168

2,893

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

1,838

3,653

5,469

7,278

9,094

10,901

14,529

18,109

21,701

27,184

36,153

45,159

54,194

72,336

GTV (m /s)

VW ( T )

Table 7-16 Berthing Energy for Passenger Ship (kNm)

0.10 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40

3.7

7.0

10.3

13.5

16.6

19.7

25.9

32.0

38.0

46.8

61.7

73.7

85.2

107

128

148

187

5.3

10.1

14.8

19.4

24.0

28.4

37.3

46.1

54.7

67.5

88.8

106

123

154

185

214

270

8.3

15.8

23.2

30.3

37.4

44.4

58.3

72.0

85.5

105

139

166

192

241

288

334

422

11.9

22.7

33.4

43.7

53.9

63.9

83.9

104

123

152

200

239

276

347

415

481

607

14.7

28.1

41.2

53.9

66.5

78.9

104

128

152

187

247

295

341

428

513

593

750

22.9

43.9

64.4

84.3

104

123

162

200

238

293

386

461

533

669

801

927

1,171

33.0

63.2

92.7

121

150

178

233

288

342

422

555

664

767

964

1,154

1,335

1,686

58.7

112

165

216

266

316

414

512

608

749

987

1,180

1,363

1,713

2,051

2,374

2,998

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

1,468

2,807

4,120

5,394

6,654

7,895

10,360

12,795

15,207

18,737

24,676

29,492

34,086

42,826

51,283

59,341

74,952

GTV (m /s)

VW ( T )


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

51

Long-period waves

bounded (set-down) wave

depth : 5m H :1m T (1) :10s T(2):11s

7.2.3 Fender Selection by Numerical Simulation for Ship Motions Moored along Jetty

Fender quantity and size will be determined by calculating the berthing energy, derived

from the calculated virtual mass and berthing speed.

During mooring of a ship, large ship motions are induced by waves, especially long-period

waves and harbor oscillations, and in some cases breaking accident of mooring lines or

fenders occur. In order to check for a suitable fender and mooring system under severe

weather conditions, a computer simulation for evaluating ship motions and mooring loads

on fenders and mooring lines under dynamic condition should be conducted.

The YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO., LTD. developed the numerical simulation software

IMOS (Integrated Mooring and Operation Simulation for Ship to Jetty Operation) and will

provide the analysis for customers on special request. Fig.7-10 through 7-14 show

details of the IMOS.

Fig.7-10 Fender Selection by Numerical Simulation (IMOS) for Ship-to-Jetty Usage

Fig.7-11 Mooring Line Accident during Long-period Waves

Check Results

Appropriate (or Final) Fender Size, Number and Positions

Final Fender Size, Number and Positions

Computer Simulation ( IMOS)

Simulation ConditionsExternal Force Conditions (Waves, Wind, Current) Harbor layout, Jetty construction Mooring Line Condition

ResultsTime Series (Ship Motions, Fender Loads, Line Tensions, Stand-off Distance)

No

Yes

Change of Fender Condition


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

52

origin (0,0)

Fig.7-12 Numerical Simulation for Ship Motions Moored along Jetty (IMOS)

Fig.7-13 Applicable conditions for Ship moored along Jetty (IMOS)

Fig.7-14 Simulation Results of Harbor Oscillations and Moored Ship Motions (IMOS)

INPUT DATA

Mooring Line Size,Number, Pretension

Fender Size,Number, Position

Ship Size,Conditions,Principal Dim.

External Conditions(Waves, Wind, Current)

Approaching ConditionsMooring Conditions

3-D Model generated Computer Simulations

Time Series Results

Animation Software

SHIPPIER WIND

WAVE

X

Y

G

0

211m

25m

α

ε

FENDER

MOORING LINE

( b) Mooring Arrangement(a) Harbor Layout

Outsidewave gauge

Insidewave gauge

Outside harbor region ㈵(xa, ya)

(xa, ya)

Y

X

α

ω(φ1)

(φ2)

ys

xs

0Moored ship

Inside harbor

region ㈼

2.0（m）

0.0

－2.0

4.0（m）

0.0

－4.0

0.5（m）

0.0

－0.50

Sway

Surge

Heave

1200（s）

－1500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

0

500

500

1000

1500

2000－1000 －500 500 1000 1500 2000 25000

x ( m )

y ( m )


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

53

7.3 Required Data for Securing FendersIf assistance is required in selecting the proper fender for a particular application, select

the appropriate data sheet and submit the completed sheet together with your query.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

Location of site

Potential sea state

Potential beaufort scale

Type of lighteringe.g. ordinary lightering or reverse lightering

Water depth around STS ops.

Type of shipe.g. tanker, ore carrier, gas carrier, etc.

Role of lighteringe.g. discharging ship (STBL), receiving ship

Displacement tonnage (full loaded)

Displacement tonnage (at start of STS ops.)

Gross tonnage (GT)

Dead weight tonnage (DWT)

Length of ship (over-all length) (Loa)

Length of ship (length between P.P.) (Lpp)

Beam

Depth

Draft (full loaded)

Draft (at start of STS ops.)

Freeboard when coming in contact

Relative approaching velocity of ships

Mooring line sizes

Mooring line pretensions

Number of mooring lines

Other information

Fender Selection Data Form for Ship-to-Ship Use

7.3.1 Ship-to-Ship Use

m ( f t )

Ship-A

ton

ton

GT

DWT

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

ton

ton

GT

DWT

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m/s ( f t /s)

mm

ton

Ship-B


FEN

DE

R

SE

LEC

TIO

N

54

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

Location of site

Loading or unloading berth

Type of shipe.g. tanker, ore carrier, gas carrier, etc.

Displacement tonnage (full loaded)

Disp. tonnage when coming in contact

Gross tonnage (GT)

Dead weight tonnage (DWT)

Length of ship (over-all length) (Loa)

Length of ship (length between P.P.) (Lpp)

Beam

Depth

Draft (full loaded)

Draft when coming in contact

Freeboard when coming in contact

Berthing velocity to dock

Berthing angle

Required energy

Berthing point of ship from bow end

Kind of dockse.g. jetty or quay, dolphins, etc.

Top level from sea bed

Bottom elevation from sea level if bottom is elevated from sea bed

Length of jetty or quay

Width of dolphin

Height of dolphin

Number of dolphins

Spacing of dolphins

Permissible reaction force of dock

Permissible hull pressure

Permissible standoff of fender

Tidal range : HWL, High water level LWL, Low water level

Water depth around dock

Maximum wave height at mooring

Swell period

Long wave period

Maximum wind speed at mooring

Drawings: Attached or not

Required fender typeFloating fender, ABF-P, others

Required quantity of fenders

Mooring line sizes

Mooring line pretensions

Number of mooring lines

Other information

Fender Selection Data Form for Ship-to-Jetty Use

7.3.2 Ship-to-Jetty Use

ton

ton

GT

DWT

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m/s ( f t /s)

degree

kNm (f t -kips)

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

Dolphins

m ( f t )

ton (kips)

ton /m2 (kips/ f t2)

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

s

m/s

mm

ton

Small ship

ton

ton

GT

DWT

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m ( f t )

m/s ( f t /s)

degree

kNm (f t -kips)

m ( f t )

Large ship


FEN

DE

RS

ELE

CTIO

N

55

8. SHIP-TO-SHIP APPLICATIONS

8.1 Installation examplesFour large-size fenders are usually floated at the water line as primary fenders to absorb

impact energy at berthing and keep proper stand-off distance between two ships.

Two small-size fenders (secondary fenders) are hung high on the hull at both bow and

stern of smaller ship to prevent contact from rolling of ships due to swell and wind. "STS

Transfer Guide", published by CDI, ICS, OCIMF, SIGTTO, is a good reference for further

information. Fig.8-1and 8-2 show the installation examples.

Small size fender

tanker

Yokohama pneumatic rubber fender

guy rope

Small size fender

Yokohama pneumatic rubber fender

guy rope

Fig.8-1 Installation Method in case of Ship-to-Ship Transfer Operations

Fig.8-2 Actual Installation Method in case of Ship-to-Ship Transfer Operations

(a) Fenders Rigged in a Continuous String

(b) Fenders guyed individually


SH

IP-T

O-S

HIP

A

PP

LIC

ATI

ON

S

56

8.2 EquipmentsAt both ends of the fender, first shackles need to be installed to connect a guy chain or

guy rope, Table 8-1 shows the recommended shackle size for each fender size. The first

shackle at each end is supplied together with the fenders.

Table 8-1 End Shackle for Chain / Wire Net Type & Sling Type

Size

Shackle Shackle

In Case of ChainNet & Wire Net

In Case of Sling Type

Initial InternalPressure

Double Ring

Towing Ring

SpecialTowing Ring

Type of Both Ends

of net Chain Net

& Wire Net mm ( inches)(kPa) mm ( inches)

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

50

80

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

22 (7/8)

25 (1)

25 (1)

25 (1)

25 (1)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB16 (5/8)

SB18 (11/16)

SB18 (11/16)

SB18 (11/16)

SB20 (13 /16)

SB20 (13 /16)

SB20 (13 /16)

SB20 (13 /16)

SB24 (13 /16)

SB28 (1-1/8) × 2

SB30 (1-3/16) × 2

SB32 (1-1/4) × 2

SB36 (1-7/16)× 2

SB32 (1-1/4) × 2

SB34 (1-5/16) × 2

SB40 (1-9/16) × 2

SB44 (1-3/4) × 2

-

-

-

-

-

-

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

SB24 (15/16)

SB24 (15/16)

SB24 (15/16)

SB24 (15/16)

SB26 (1)

SB28 (1-1/8)

SB32 (1-1/4)

SB34 (1-5/16)

SB34 (1-5/16)

SB40 (1-9/16)

SB36 (1-7/16)

SB40 (1-9/16)

SB44 (1-3 /4)

SB48 (1-7/ 8 )

-

-

-

-

-

-


SH

IP-TO

-SH

IP

AP

PLIC

ATIO

NS

57


FPSO φ2500×5500LProduction Platform φ3300×4500L

FPSO φ3300×6500L

FPSO φ3300×6500L


SH

IP-T

O-S

HIP

A

PP

LIC

ATI

ON

S


9. SHIP-TO-JETTY APPLICATIONS

9.1 Installation MethodsAt both ends of the fender, first shackles, then swivel joints, followed by a further shackle

should be installed. A guy chain or guy rope is secured to the outer shackle. The swivel

joint prevents twisting of the guy chain or wire.

H.W.L.

L.W.L.

end link

end link

shackle

first shackle

shackle

anchor

swivel joint

towing ring

guy chain

rubber sleeve

FLOATING-TYPEYOKOHAMA PNEUMATICRUBBER FENDER

H.W.L

L.W.L

a) Dolphin

b) Continuous quay

Fig.9-1 Installation Methods for Ship-to-Jetty Applications

SH

IP-TO

-JETTY

A

PP

LICA

TION

S

59

9.2 Equipments

9.2.1 Typical installation

Typical installation equipment and necessary parts for installations are shown below.

The first shackles at each end of a fender are supplied with the fenders. Guy chains and

guy ropes, as well as shackles, swivel, rubber sleeves and anchors are not supplied with

the fenders, but they can be purchased separately upon request.

Fig.9-2 Equipments of Typical Installation for Ship-to-Jetty Applications.


SH

IP-T

O-J

ETT

Y

AP

PLI

CA

TIO

NS


9.2.2 Chain net type (Type Ⅰ) Small Sizes

End link

Rubber sleeve

21

3

4

5

6

Table 9-1 Installation Recommendation for Chain net type (TypeⅠ) Small Sizes

Parts

Guy Rope(JIS-G3525)(6×24-G)Diameter

2nd, 3rdShackleDiameter

(SB)

Guy Chain(SBC490)Diameter

AnchorDiameter

SwivelDiameter

FirstShackleDiameter

RingDiameter

InitialPressure

TypeNominal SizeDia. ×Length

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(kPa)(m)

0.5 × 1.0

0.6 × 1.0

0.7 × 1.5

1.0 × 1.5

1.0 × 2.0

1.2 × 2.0

1.35 × 2.5

0.5 × 1.0

0.6 × 1.0

0.7 × 1.5

1.0 × 1.5

1.0 × 2.0

1.2 × 2.0

1.35 × 2.5

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

19

19

19

19

19

22

22

19

19

19

19

19

22

22

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

7/8

7/8

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

7/8

7/8

22

22

22

22

22

25

25

22

22

22

22

22

25

25

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

1

1

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

1

1

19

19

19

19

19

22

22

19

19

19

19

19

22

22

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

7/8

7/8

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

7/8

7/8

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

16

16

16

16

16

16

18

16

16

16

16

18

18

20

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

11/16

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

11/16

11/16

13/16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 2 3 4 5 6＊＊

Note: The Ring and The first shackle at each end of a fender are supplied. Other equipment can be purchased upon request.

2＊1＊

SH

IP-TO

-JETTY

A

PP

LICA

TION

S

61

9.2.3 Chain net type (Type Ⅰ) Medium and Large Sizes

Table 9-2 Installation Recommendation for Chain net type (Type Ⅰ) Medium and Large Sizes

Parts


2ndShackleDiameter

(SB)

3rdShackleDiameter

(SB)



(SB)

AnchorDiameter

SwivelDiameter

Special Towing Ringpin Dia. 70 2-3/4






(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(kPa)(m)

1.5 × 3.0

1.7 × 3.0

2.0 × 3.5

2.5 × 4.0

2.5 × 5.5

3.3 × 4.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 10.6

4.5 × 9.0

4.5 × 12.0

1.5 × 3.0

1.7 × 3.0

2.0 × 3.5

2.5 × 4.0

2.5 × 5.5

3.3 × 4.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 10.6

4.5 × 9.0

4.5 × 12.0

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

Ⅰ

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

24

24

26

32

34

36

44

24

24

28

34

40

40

48

15/16

15/16

1

1-1/4

1-5/16

1-7/16

1-3/4

15/16

15/16

1-1/8

1-5/16

1-9/16

1-9/16

1-7/8

25

25

28

32

38

38

44

25

25

28

38

44

44

50

1

1

1-1/8

1-1/4

1-1/2

1-1/2

1-3/4

1

1

1-1/8

1-1/2

1-3/4

1-3/4

2

24

24

26

32

34

36

44

24

24

28

34

40

40

48

15/16

15/16

1

1-1/4

1-5/16

1-7/16

1-3/4

15/16

15/16

1-1/8

1-5/16

1-9/16

1-9/16

1-7/8

20

22

24

30

34

34

42

52

54

65

24

24

28

32

40

38

46

60

65

75

13/16

7/8

15/16

1-3/16

1-5/16

1-5/16

1-5/8

2-1/16

2-1/8

2-9/16

15/16

15/16

1-1/8

1-1/4

1-9/16

1-1/2

1-13/16

2-3/8

2-9/16

3

19

19

22

26

32

30

38

48

50

58

20

20

24

30

36

34

42

54

58

68

3/4

3/4

7/8

1

1-1/4

1-3/16

1-1/2

1-7/8

2

2-5/16

13/16

13/16

15/16

1-3/16

1-7/16

1-5/16

1-5/8

2-1/8

2-5/16

2-11/16

24

24

26

32

34

36

44

60

60

65

24

24

28

34

40

40

48

65

65

75

15/16

15/16

1

1-1/4

1-5/16

1-7/16

1-3/4

2-3/8

2-3/8

2-9/16

15/16

15/16

1-1/8

1-5/16

1-9/16

1-9/16

1-7/8

2-9/16

2-9/16

3

32

32

32

42

44

44

55

75

75

80

32

32

36

42

50

50

60

75

75

85

1-1/4

1-1/4

1-1/4

1-5/8

1-3/4

1-3/4

2-3/16

3

3

3-1/8

1-1/4

1-1/4

1-7/16

1+5/8

2

2

2-3/8

3

3

3-3/8

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

InitialPressure


Rubber sleeve

End link

Towing ring

1

6

2

3

4

5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Note: The first shackle at each end of a fender is supplied. Other equipment can be purchased upon request.

1＊

＊


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9.2.4 Sling type (TypeⅡ)

Table 9-3 Installation Recommendation for Sling type (TypeⅡ)

Parts



2ndShackleDiameter

(SB)

3rdShackleDiameter

(SB)

AnchorDiameter

SwivelDiameter




(SB)

InitialPressure


(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(mm)(inch)

(kPa)(m)

0.5 × 1.0

0.6 × 1.0

0.7 × 1.5

1.0 × 1.5

1.0 × 2.0

1.2 × 2.0

1.35 × 2.5

1.5 × 3.0

1.7 × 3.0

2.0 × 3.5

2.5 × 4.0

2.5 × 5.5

3.3 × 4.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 10.6

0.5 × 1.0

0.6 × 1.0

0.7 × 1.5

1.0 × 1.5

1.0 × 2.0

1.2 × 2.0

1.35 × 2.5

1.5 × 3.0

1.7 × 3.0

2.0 × 3.5

2.5 × 4.0

2.5 × 5.5

3.3 × 4.5

3.3 × 6.5

3.3 × 10.6

ⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡ

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

16

16

16

16

16

16

18

18

20

20

28×2

32×2

36+32

40×2

16

16

16

16

16

16

18

20

20

22

30×2

36×2

36+34

44×2

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

11/16

11/16

13/16

13/16

1-1/8

1-1/4

1-7/16+1-1/4

1-9/16

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

11/16

13/16

13/16

7/8

1-3/16

1-7/16

1-7/16+1-5/16

1-3/4

16

16

16

19

19

19

19

22

25

28

32

38

38

44

16

16

16

19

19

19

19

25

25

28

38

44

44

50

5/8

5/8

5/8

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

7/8

1

1-1/8

1-1/4

1-1/2

1-1/2

1-3/4

5/8

5/8

5/8

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

1

1

1-1/8

1-1/2

1-3/4

1-3/4

2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

24

24

26

32

34

36

44

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

24

24

28

34

40

40

48

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

15/16

15/16

1

1-1/4

1-5/16

1-7/16

1-3/4

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

15/16

15/16

1-1/8

1-5/16

1-9/16

1-9/16

1-7/8

16

16

16

16

16

16

18

20

22

24

30

34

34

42

52

16

16

16

16

18

18

20

24

24

28

32

40

38

46

60

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

11/16

13/16

7/8

15/16

1-3/16

1-5/16

1-5/16

1-5/8

2-1/16

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

11/16

11/16

13/16

15/16

15/16

1-1/8

1-1/4

1-9/16

1-1/2

1-13/16

2-3/8

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

19

19

22

26

32

30

38

48

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

20

20

24

30

36

34

42

54

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

3/4

3/4

7/8

1

1-1/4

1-3/16

1-1/2

1-7/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

13/16

13/16

15/16

1-3/16

1-7/16

1-5/16

1-5/8

2-1/8

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

24

24

26

32

34

36

44

60

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

24

24

28

34

40

40

48

65

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

15/16

15/16

1

1-1/4

1-5/16

1-7/16

1-3/4

2-3/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

7/8

15/16

15/16

1-1/8

1-5/16

1-9/16

1-9/16

1-7/8

2-9/16

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

32

32

32

42

44

44

55

75

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

32

32

36

42

50

50

60

75

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1-1/4

1-1/4

1-1/4

1-5/8

1-3/4

1-3/4

2-3/16

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1-1/4

1-1/4

1-7/16

1-5/8

2

2

2-3/8

3

Rubber sleeve

End link

1

5

2

3

4

6

1 2 3 4 5 6

Note: The first shackle at each end of a fender is supplied. Other equipment can be purchased upon request.

1＊

SH

IP-TO

-JETTY

A

PP

LICA

TION

S

63

Table 9-4 Dimension of jetty for installation

Initial Pressure

(kPa)

A(mm)

B(mm)

C(mm)

D(mm)

E(mm)

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

500 × 1000

600 × 1000

700 × 1500

1000 × 1500

1000 × 2000

1200 × 2000

1350 × 2500

1500 × 3000

1700 × 3000

2000 × 3500

2500 × 4000

2500 × 5500

3300 × 4500

3300 × 6500

3300 × 10600

4500 × 9000

4500 × 12000

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

420

530

530

840

890

1060

1250

1410

1620

1920

2440

2460

3300

3360

3400

4660

4710

410

520

530

840

890

1060

1250

1400

1610

1910

2420

2450

3270

3330

3370

4640

4690

320

410

390

640

690

820

980

1110

1280

1520

1940

1960

2640

2700

2740

3760

3810

310

400

390

640

690

820

980

1100

1270

1510

1920

1950

2610

2670

2710

3740

3790

160

150

270

300

250

320

290

310

320

360

420

400

480

420

380

480

430

170

160

270

300

250

320

290

320

330

370

440

410

510

450

410

500

450

170

170

290

330

280

350

330

350

370

420

490

470

570

510

470

610

560

180

180

290

330

280

350

330

360

380

430

510

480

600

540

500

630

580

1300

1300

1950

1950

2600

2600

3250

3900

3900

4550

5200

7150

5850

8450

13780

11700

15600

1300

1300

1950

1950

2600

2600

3250

3900

3900

4550

5200

7150

5850

8450

13780

11700

15600

Size

E

D

C

A B

JETTY/QUAYOR DOLPHIN

L.W.L

H.W.L

tidal

rang

e

state at 60% def.

9.3 Dimension of Jetty for InstallationRubber fender should be in a

state of plane contact, as shown

below, even when it is deflected.

Note : Above figures are obtained using weights of chain net type, and the difference between the figures for wire net type is small, therefore, the above figures may be used also for wire net type as well.


SH

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64



LNG Terminal φ3300×6500L

Coal Terminal φ4500×9000L

Ship yard φ3300×6500L High Speed Ferry φ2000×3500L

IRONSTONE TERMINAL φ3300×10600L

LNG Terminal φ3300×4500L

SH

IP-TO

-JETTY

A

PP

LICA

TION

S

65YOKOHAMA PNEUMATIC FLOATING FENDERS 50 & 80

Ferry Terminal φ1000×2000L φ700×1500L

Terminal:Pneumatic Cell ABF-P

Terminal φ3300×4500L

LNG Terminal:Pneumatic Cell ABF-P

SH

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10. MAINTENANCE TOOLS

The following maintenance tools can be purchased upon request.

10.1 Small and medium-size (Size:φ500mm～φ2000mm).

Remarks: Adhesive (cement) is not included in repair kits because of short life time and

transportation problems, and therefore TIP TOP SC 2000 or SC4000 needs to be

purchased locally.

A. Repair Tool Kit1) Rubber sheet2) Rubber plugs 3) Brush4) Sandpaper5) Tool for inserting rubber plug6) Hand roller

0.510

1111

m2

pcs.pc.sheetpc.pc.

Repair Tool Kit for Small and Medium size Fenders

B. Installation Tool Kit1) Air pressure gauge with air chuck2) Air filling hose with air chuck3) Box spanner for removing air valve4) Valve core screw driver5) Spare valve (air valve)

C. Manuals

D. Fender logbook

110

111

setmpc.pc.pc.

Installation Tool Kit for Small and Medium size Fenders

RE

PAIR

KITS

AN

D

SPA

RE

PAR

TS

67YOKOHAMA PNEUMATIC FLOATING FENDERS 50 & 80

Remarks: Adhesive (cement) is not included in repair kits because of short life time and

transportation problems, and therefore TIP TOP SC 2000 or SC4000 needs to be

purchased locally.

10.2 Large-size (Size:φ2500mm～φ4500mm).

A. Repair Tool Kit1) Rubber sheet 2) Brush3) Sandpaper4) Wire brush5) Hand roller

12211

m2(0.5m2×2)pcs.sheetspc.pc.

Repair Tool Kit for Large size Fenders

B. Installation Tool Kit1) Air pressure gauge with air chuck2) Air filling hose with air chuck3) Box spanner for removing air valve4) Valve core screw driver5) Spare valve (air valve)

C. Manuals

D. Fender logbook

E. Safety valve logbook

120

111

setmpc.pc.pc.

Installation Tool Kit for Large size Fenders

RE

PAIR

KIT

S A

ND

S

PAR

E P

AR

TS


11. PRECAUTIONS ON HANDLING

(1) Because the pneumatic rubber fender is usually shipped in deflated condition (as

shown in the pictures below), it should be immediately inflated to the pressure 20～　 30kPa upon arrival at its destination.

(2) When storing the fender more than three months without use, reduce internal pressure

to about half of initial pressure (20～30kPa) so that the pressure will not rise too high

due to a rise in the atmospheric temperature. Do not deflate or fold.

(3) For further instructions about handling, please refer to the handling and maintenance

manual that is provided with each fender purchase, or please contact The Yokohama

Rubber Co., Ltd for assistance.

Fig.11-1 φ4500×9000L-P80 Transportation on Steel 　　　　Pallet

Fig.11-2 φ3300×6500L-P80 Transportation by Open- 　　　　top Container

Fig.11-3 φ2500×5500L-P50 Transportation by Open-　　　　top Container

Fig.11-4 φ3300×6500L-P50 Body Only under the deflated condition P

RE

CA

UTIO

NS

ON

H

AN

DLIN

G

69

Appendix TYPICAL SHIP CHARACTERISTICS

Ap-1 Oil TankerDWT (ton) VW (ton) Loa (m) Lpp (m) B (m) D (m) d (m) Cm CbDT (ton)

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

330,000

370,000

2,849

5,486

8,042

10,573

13,064

15,533

20,427

25,136

30,013

36,966

48,590

60,017

71,427

93,856

118,692

144,622

181,483

224,293

265,315

328,475

430,676

532,685

632,829

693,880

773,508

61

76

87

95

102

108

118

127

134

144

158

169

179

196

210

223

244

262

277

297

326

349

370

381

395

57

72

82

90

96

102

112

121

128

137

151

162

172

188

203

215

236

253

268

288

316

340

361

372

386

10.2

12.6

14.3

15.6

16.7

17.7

19.3

20.7

21.9

23.5

25.7

27.5

29.1

31.9

32.3

32.3

39.5

42.3

44.8

48.0

52.5

56.2

59.5

61.3

63.5

4.5

5.7

6.6

7.3

7.9

8.4

9.3

10.1

10.7

11.6

12.8

13.9

14.8

16.4

17.7

18.9

20.9

22.6

24.1

26.1

28.8

31.2

33.2

34.4

35.8

4.0

4.9

5.5

6.0

6.4

6.8

7.4

7.9

8.3

8.8

9.6

10.3

10.8

11.8

12.5

13.2

14.4

15.3

16.2

17.3

18.8

20.0

21.1

21.7

22.5

1.792

1.781

1.775

1.771

1.768

1.765

1.761

1.758

1.755

1.752

1.748

1.745

1.742

1.738

1.777

1.819

1.728

1.725

1.723

1.720

1.716

1.713

1.710

1.709

1.708

0.662

0.676

0.684

0.691

0.696

0.701

0.708

0.711

0.718

0.721

0.728

0.734

0.739

0.746

0.794

0.845

0.765

0.771

0.772

0.779

0.785

0.792

0.796

0.800

0.803

1,590

3,080

4,530

5,970

7,390

8,800

11,600

14,300

17,100

21,100

27,800

34,400

41,000

54,000

66,800

79,500

105,000

130,000

154,000

191,000

251,000

311,000

370,000

406,000

453,000


PR

EC

AU

TIO

NS

ON

H

AN

DLI

NG

70

Ap-2 Gas CarrierGT (ton) VW (ton) Loa (m) Lpp (m) B (m) D (m) d (m) Cm CbDT (ton)

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

4,454

8,183

11,672

15,031

18,191

21,384

27,586

33,604

39,440

47,921

61,687

75,086

88,121

109,372

129,723

149,117

185,834

221,472

71

88

100

109

117

124

135

145

153

164

179

192

203

222

238

252

275

295

65

82

93

101

109

115

126

136

144

154

169

181

192

210

225

239

261

281

111.6

14.3

16.1

17.6

18.8

19.8

21.6

23.1

24.4

26.0

28.4

30.3

32.0

34.8

37.2

39.3

42.8

45.7

5.7

7.3

8.4

9.3

10.1

10.8

11.9

12.9

13.8

14.9

16.5

17.9

19.1

21.2

22.9

24.5

27.1

29.4

4.6

5.7

6.4

6.9

7.4

7.8

8.4

9.0

9.5

10.1

11.0

11.7

12.3

12.3

12.3

12.3

12.3

12.3

1.796

1.791

1.787

1.785

1.783

1.782

1.780

1.778

1.777

1.775

1.773

1.771

1.770

1.706

1.661

1.626

1.575

1.538

0.685

0.676

0.671

0.667

0.661

0.660

0.658

0.657

0.655

0.651

0.648

0.646

0.644

0.695

0.738

0.775

0.836

0.890

2,480

4,570

6,530

8,420

10,200

12,000

15,500

18,900

22,200

27,000

34,800

42,400

49,800

64,100

78,100

91,700

118,000

144,000

Ap-3 Bulk CarrierDWT (ton) VW (ton) Loa (m) Lpp (m) B (m) D (m) d (m) Cm CbDT (ton)

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2,757

5,290

7,743

10,154

12,508

14,859

19,464

23,936

28,403

35,185

46,054

56,728

67,389

88,325

108,145

131,611

169,503

209,372

248,131

306,202

401,077

494,051

586,918

68

83

94

102

108

114

124

132

139

148

161

171

181

196

209

220

239

254

268

286

310

330

348

62

76

86

94

101

106

116

124

131

140

152

163

172

187

200

211

230

246

260

278

303

324

342

9.4

11.7

13.3

14.5

15.5

16.4

18.0

19.3

20.4

21.9

23.9

25.6

27.1

29.7

32.3

32.3

36.8

39.5

41.8

44.8

49.0

52.5

55.5

5.3

6.5

7.4

8.0

8.6

9.1

9.9

10.6

11.2

11.9

13.0

13.9

14.7

16.0

17.1

18.1

19.7

21.1

22.2

23.8

25.9

27.7

29.2

3.9

4.8

5.4

5.9

6.3

6.6

7.2

7.7

8.1

8.7

9.5

10.1

10.7

11.6

12.4

13.1

14.3

15.3

16.1

17.2

18.8

20.1

21.2

1.826

1.818

1.813

1.810

1.808

1.805

1.802

1.800

1.798

1.795

1.792

1.790

1.787

1.784

1.770

1.813

1.777

1.774

1.772

1.770

1.767

1.764

1.763

0.647

0.665

0.675

0.683

0.688

0.694

0.701

0.706

0.710

0.720

0.727

0.732

0.738

0.747

0.741

0.790

0.768

0.775

0.780

0.787

0.796

0.801

0.808

1,510

2,910

4,270

5,610

6,920

8,230

10,800

13,300

15,800

19,600

25,700

31,700

37,700

49,500

61,100

72,600

95,400

118,000

140,000

173,000

227,000

280,000

333,000


PR

EC

AU

TION

S O

N

HA

ND

LING

71

Appendix TYPICAL SHIP CHARACTERISTICS

Ap-4 General Cargo ShipDWT (ton) VW (ton) Loa (m) Lpp (m) B (m) D (m) d (m) Cm CbDT (ton)

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

2,908

5,672

8,395

11,065

13,714

16,356

21,558

26,715

31,894

39,514

52,221

64,629

77,090

101,768

126,208

67

84

95

104

111

118

129

138

146

156

171

183

194

212

227

62

78

88

97

104

110

121

130

137

147

162

173

184

201

216

10.8

13.1

14.7

15.9

17.0

17.8

19.3

20.6

21.6

23.0

24.9

26.5

27.9

30.2

32.2

5.8

7.2

8.1

8.8

9.5

10.0

10.9

11.6

12.3

13.2

14.4

15.3

16.2

17.7

18.9

3.9

4.9

5.6

6.1

6.6

7.0

7.7

8.3

8.8

9.4

10.4

11.2

11.8

13.0

14.0

1.721

1.745

1.760

1.770

1.779

1.786

1.797

1.805

1.812

1.821

1.832

1.841

1.849

1.860

1.870

0.625

0.634

0.641

0.644

0.647

0.649

0.653

0.655

0.659

0.661

0.666

0.668

0.670

0.674

0.678

1,690

3,250

4,770

6,250

7,710

9,160

12,000

14,800

17,600

21,700

28,500

35,100

41,700

54,700

67,500

Ap-5 Container ShipDWT (ton) VW (ton) Loa (m) Lpp (m) B (m) D (m) d (m) Cm CbDT (ton)

7,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

18,273

20,699

25,734

30,782

38,115

50,376

62,504

74,489

98,838

126,047

145,611

186,920

227,756

122

129

141

151

165

185

202

217

243

266

285

320

349

114

121

132

142

155

174

191

205

230

252

271

304

332

20.3

21.1

22.4

23.5

25.0

27.1

28.7

30.2

32.3

32.3

36.5

39.4

41.9

9.8

10.4

11.3

12.2

13.3

14.9

16.3

17.5

19.6

21.4

23.0

25.8

28.2

7.2

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.1

9.9

10.6

11.2

12.2

13.1

13.8

14.1

14.4

1.708

1.711

1.716

1.720

1.725

1.731

1.736

1.740

1.756

1.808

1.756

1.715

1.687

0.624

0.619

0.617

0.617

0.612

0.609

0.606

0.603

0.606

0.641

0.594

0.629

0.657

10,700

12,100

15,000

17,900

22,100

29,100

36,000

42,800

56,300

69,700

82,900

109,000

135,000


PR

EC

AU

TIO

NS

ON

H

AN

DLI

NG

72

Ap-6 Passenger ShipGT (ton) VW (ton) Loa (m) Lpp (m) B (m) D (m) d (m) Cm CbDT (ton)

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

80,000

1,468

2,807

4,120

5,394

6,654

7,895

10,360

12,795

15,207

18,737

24,676

29,492

34,086

42,826

51,283

59,341

74,952

64

81

93

103

111

119

131

142

151

163

180

194

207

229

247

263

291

60

75

86

95

102

108

119

128

136

146

161

173

184

202

218

231

254

12.1

14.4

15.9

17.1

18.1

19.0

20.4

21.5

22.5

23.8

25.6

27.1

28.3

30.5

32.2

33.7

36.2

4.9

6.3

7.4

8.3

9.0

9.7

10.8

11.7

12.6

13.7

15.3

16.7

17.9

19.9

21.7

23.3

26.0

2.6

3.4

4.0

4.4

4.9

5.2

5.8

6.4

6.9

7.5

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

1.425

1.470

1.498

1.520

1.537

1.551

1.574

1.593

1.609

1.629

1.656

1.620

1.593

1.552

1.522

1.498

1.464

0.539

0.509

0.493

0.481

0.472

0.464

0.454

0.445

0.439

0.429

0.420

0.451

0.477

0.521

0.559

0.591

0.646

1,030

1,910

2,750

3,550

4,330

5,090

6,580

8,030

9,450

11,500

14,900

18,200

21,400

27,600

33,700

39,600

51,200

Ap-7 FerryGT (ton) VW (ton) Loa (m) Lpp (m) B (m) D (m) d (m) Cm CbDT (ton)

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

40,000

1,838

3,653

5,469

7,278

9,094

10,901

14,529

18,109

21,701

27,184

36,153

45,159

54,194

72,336

67

86

99

110

119

127

141

153

164

177

197

213

228

253

61

78

91

101

110

117

131

142

152

165

183

199

213

236

14.3

17.0

18.8

20.2

21.3

22.3

24.0

25.4

26.5

28.0

30.1

31.9

33.3

35.8

5.5

6.8

7.7

8.4

9.0

9.5

10.4

11.1

11.8

12.6

13.8

14.7

15.6

17.1

3.4

4.2

4.8

5.2

5.5

5.8

6.3

6.8

7.2

7.6

8.3

8.9

9.4

10.2

1.482

1.497

1.506

1.513

1.518

1.523

1.529

1.535

1.539

1.545

1.552

1.557

1.562

1.569

0.405

0.424

0.436

0.444

0.451

0.457

0.466

0.472

0.478

0.487

0.496

0.503

0.510

0.521

1,240

2,440

3,630

4,810

5,990

7,160

9,500

11,800

14,100

17,600

23,300

29,000

34,700

46,100


PR

EC

AU

TION

S O

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HA

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LING

Website: www.yrc.co.jp/english/mb/industrial / index.htmlC 2008 THE YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO.,LTD. 2015 04 TSP DTT YRC AD Catalog No. AF/CAT/2015/04

YOKOHAMA INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS SALES SHANGHAI, CO.,LTD.Sales Subsidiary

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YOKOHAMA INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS ASIA-PACIFIC PTE. LTD.Sales and Technical Services

THE YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO.,LTD.Head office / Industrial Products Global Sales and Planning Dept.

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