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Reading Reading skills 3 Listening Speaking Reading Writing. Reading O&A NETs .4-.6 2 Douglas H. Brown (1994) Brown, H.D. (1994) A test of reading comprehension may consist of some questions following one or two paragraphs, a tiny sample of a second language learners total reading behavior. (pp. 252-253) A test is first a method... the method may be quite explicit and structured, as in a multiple-choice technique in which correct responses have already been specified by some objective means. (p. 252) Douglas H. Brown () ()

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Critical thinking text multiple choice 4 Peter Afflerbach (Afflerbarh, (2002)) ..., talented readers may evaluate the content and structure of a text for accuracy and coherence, the style of the text, the legitimacy of claims made by an auther, and an authors purpose (p.98) ... text Afflerbach Style of the text - Which of the following style does the writer use? (O-NET 25 2549) - What description DOES NOT explain the house decoration on Christmas Day? (A-NET 25 2549) Authors claims & purposes - What does the writer talk about in the third paragraph? (O-NET 25 2549) - What is the purpose of the writer? - Which of the following best indicates the writers opinions towards the new drug? (A-NET 24 2549) - The purpose of this passage is to .................... . - The writers purpose is to .................... . ( O-NET 24 2550)

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2 (Reading for entertainment) (Reading for information) 2 1. Skimming main idea main idea paraphrase text (linear text) 2. Scanning non-linear text 2 Speed Reading Reading Comprehension Passage (Organization of the passages) Organization Passage O&A NETs (2549-2550) - Descriptive paragraph/passage - Narrative - Informative - Argumentative - Cause and effect - Comparison and contrast Passage 7 writing style - National Geographic - Readers Digest - Students Weekly - - - (classified ads) - How to - Internet Yahoo, Google Hotmail

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Passage 7 References Descriptive passage Descriptive writing style 5 (looks) (tastes) (smells) (sounds) (feels) (spatial order) Passage 1. Some of the largest trees in the world are in California. They are called redwood trees. Redwood National Park is a large forest of redwood trees. Visitors in the park can walk and drive through the forest to look at the trees. Some redwoods are hundreds of years old. These old trees are very tall. They are also very wide at the bottom. One tree has a large hole in the bottom. The hole is so big you can drive a car through it. paragraph senses style descriptive writing

Sight (look) Taste Smell Sound Feel (touch)the largest tree redwood trees a large forest

hundreds of years old trees tall

wide at the bottom a large hole

can drive a car through it

walk drive

large old

wide big

passage - main idea - supporting details - vocab and expressions - referent terms

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Narrative passage Narrative passage (chronological order) time order signal (s)

Words Phrases First

Second Third Next Later Now Soon

Meanwhile Then Finally

At first At the beginning

At 01.00 P.M. In the morning

At the end of a trip Two years ago

During a visit to Bangkok The next morning Soon after that

Before 08.00 A.M. At last etc.

passage paragraph One of the people killed in the London bombing was an Afghan who tried to make a new life in Britain after his parents were killed by the Taliban movement in Afghanistan, a newspaper reported yesterday. Ateeque Sharifi, 24 who died when a suicide bomber blew up a subway train near Kings Cross Station, was the last of the 56 victims to be formally identified. The Independent newspaper reported. Three years ago, he fled Kabul to London, where he learned English and became a model student. In his spare time, he worked in a pizza takeaway, sending most of his wages home to his younger sister in Afghanistan, the newspaper said. Thalia Marriott, the principal at West Thames College which he had attended since September 2002, said the colleges staff and 7000 students were deeply shocked and saddened by his death. The deep irony of this tragic events is that Ateeque had left Afghanistan to seek safety in the UK, only to find his fate at the hands of extremists here, Marriott was quoted as saying. She described him as a truly inspirational and popular student who was destined for a bright future.

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During a visit to London, President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan paid tribute to Sharifi by placing flowers among the hundreds of personal tributes piling up in the garden square outside Kings Cross Station. (Passage IV O-NET, 25 2549) Time order signals Passage - after his parents were killed ... - when a suicide bomber blew up a subway train near Kings Cross Station - Three years ago, - In his spare time - since September 2002 - During a visit to London news article style (narration) Ateeque Sharifi Kabul passage - / - details - - - referent terms - (comprehension) Informative passage Informative passage passage passage text passage A survey was recently taken at Smith University in order to get a wide range of information about the instructors teaching there. The 700 male and 300 female instructors were asked to answer a lengthy questionnaire about their work, their likes and dislikes, and their personal habits and interests. All of them completed the questionnaire and the tabulated results reveal a number of interesting facts. When asked about their work, over 90% of them said that they enjoyed teaching at Smith University, though almost 75% of them felt that certain improvements could be made in the teaching program. Only 10 of the women instructors and 12 of the men instructors had serious problems concerning student behavior in class. Everyone of them spent at least two hours each week giving students personal help and advice.

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Among the women, 58 were unmarried and among the men, 37 were still single. All of the married instructors had at least one child. While some of the instructors lived in rented flats and others lived with their parents or relatives, 48% owned their own homes. (400 of the home-owners being men and 80 being women). When asked about their leisure time activities, almost all the instructors stated that they had a special hobby (the hobbies ranged from stamp-collecting to computer programming) ; 320 of them played a musical instrument. While all of them owned a television set, only about 12% of them watched television regularly each evening. Most preferred to read instead. Surprisingly, 65% of the male instructors liked to cook and prepared at least one big meal at home each week. All of the instructors agreed that their leisure time was very important to them and none of them worked at a second job outside their university teaching. (Level 3 English. 2006. p.5) passage adjective of proportion adverb of frequency / All = 100% No = 0% Most = more than 50% a few (some, certain) Adjectives of Proportion 100% - all most most most most 50% ................................................... many many many some some few few 0% ...................................................... no adverb of frequency adverb / Always = 100% Never = 0% Usually = more than 50%

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often, sometimes seldom 100% - always usually usually usually usually 50% ................................................... often often often sometimes sometimes sometimes seldom seldom 0% - never ...................................... passage - - - - referent terms - passage - Argumentative passage Argumentative passage passage passage Passage III Diabetics are twice as likely as non-diabetics to suffer from depressions, say psychiatrists from Washington University and the US Department of Veterans Affairs in St. Louis, who analysed 25 years of research. Doctors have long assumed that diabetes--which strikes tens of millions of people--can bring on depression because of the difficulties it causes in the lives of sufferers, says the studys senior author, Patrick Lustman of Washington University. But now, the idea that the reverse could be true--that is, that depression may lead to diabetes--is being seriously considered, says Lustman. One clue may lie in the inactivity and overeating that accompany depression. Each contributes to diabetes.

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Diabetics who are depressed should seek treatment for both maladies, the researcher says. (O-NET, 25 2549) passage transition signals

Sentence Connectors

Coordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions Others

- unlike - in contrast - on the other hand - but now - however

- but - yet

- while - whereas - although - even though - though

- different from - differently form - differ from - diffe