03 hmt423 lecture iii ammar latif
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture III ~ Paradigms.
* What is a paradigm?– Ideas?
* How do paradigms get started?* Identify a few recent paradigm changes.
– Ideas?* How do paradigms develop/change over time?
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Lecture III ~ * A paradigm can be described as a widespread mode of thought.
– One that is shared by many people.
– It serves as a pattern or a framework of thought.
* Why internal?– Because it is governed by self
reflection on personal ideas & observations.
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Lecture III ~ * Morals, ideas, beliefs, opinions of virtue, ideologies, creeds, value systems & faiths all have what in common?
– Ideas?
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Lecture III ~ * They are all internal aspects of ourselves.* Ethics then depends on these aspects for correct actions.* Ethics refers to principles that define behaviour as right, good and proper.* What are other internal aspects of ourselves?
– Ideas?
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Lecture III ~ Questions....
* Should I lie on my job application?* Should I ignore my bosses hypocrisies to keep my job?* Should I tell my friend that his friend is not such a good “friend”?* Should I give my cousin the job even though he isn't fully qualified?
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Lecture III ~ * The answers to these questions is determined by the particular beliefs & morals of a person.* These are internal factors to be thought about.* An internal ethics paradigm then is a system of values & beliefs that is shared by a number of people with a common outlook.
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Lecture III ~ Brain Food....
* Some things to think about when deciding your point of view.
– What is the present state?– What is the ideal state?– What is the minimally acceptable
state?
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Lecture III ~ title....
How do we get from the present to the minimally acceptable state?
How do we get from the minimally acceptable state to the ideal state?
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Lecture III ~ Developing a point of view.
* Here's a way of looking at things....
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Lecture III ~ * The previous diagram is a good framework for deciding moral disagreements.* Moral concerns are unavoidable in life.* Morality is a lot like nutrition. Its principal concern is health.
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Lecture III ~ * Morality is the first order set of beliefs and practices about how to live a good life.* Ethics is a a second order conscious reflection on the adequacy of our moral beliefs.* These concepts need time for internal reflection ie. A clear moral stance on things.
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Lecture III ~ * This stance develops over time & is not fixed.* The goal of this reflection is moral health.* We seek to determine what will nourish our moral life and what will poison it?
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Lecture III ~ * Thus ethics can be viewed as how we evaluate our own & other people's behaviour as well as how we search for meaning & value in our own lives.
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Lecture III ~ * So how does an ethics paradigm develop?* In order to know this we need to know some basic concepts.
– The basis of our moral decision?– Cultural influences?– Situational influences?– Personal contingencies?
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Lecture III ~ Basic Moral Orientations....* “Do what the Bible tells you”-
Divine Command Theories * “Follow your conscience”- The Ethics of Conscience * “Watch out for #1”- Ethical Egoism * “Do the right thing”- The Ethics of Duty * “Don't dis' me”- The Ethics of Respect * “...all Men are created ...with certain unalienable Rights”- The Ethics of Rights * “Make the world a better place”- Utilitarianism * “Daddy, that’s not fair”- The Ethics of Justice * “Be a good person”- Virtue Ethics
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Lecture III ~ Your initial Moral Orientation.How important are each of the
following in your life?
* Religious commands?* Conscience?* Selfishness?* Duty?* Respect?* Rights?* Consequences for everyone?* Justice?* Personal Virtue?
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Video Analysis & discussion. The Story of Bottled Water.