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APOSTILA 2015 INGLÊS / ENGLISH STUDENT:_____________________________

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Page 1: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 1

APOSTILA 2015

INGLEcircS ENGLISH

STUDENT_____________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 2

SUMARY

Unit 1 Simple Presenthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 03

Unit 2 Present Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 07

Unit 3 Simple Pasthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 11

Unit 4 Past Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 20

Unit 5 Modal Verbshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 23

Unit 6 Quantifiershelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 25

Unit 7 Comparative and Superlative Degreeshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 28

Unit 8 Genitive Case (lsquo)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 31

Unit 9 Tag Questionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 36

Unit 10 Simple Future (will)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 38

Unit 11 Immediate Future (going to)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 41

Unit 12 Present Perfecthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43

Unit 13 Present Perfect Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 3

CHAPTER 1

What is stress

Stress is a term that doctors use to describe pressure or physical force such as

the compression of teeth during chewing The forces acting on a joint when a

person carries a weight or does a physical exercise are other examples The

term also describes an influence that disturbs the natural equilibrium of the

bodies of men and women

What causes stress

The causes of stress encompass physical injury temperature or season

changes disease emotional disturbances or prolonged demands on physical or

mental endurance If the stress persists for a long time one or more of the

stress diseases may develop these include mental disorders like schizophrenia

and physical conditions like ulcer hypertension eczema or asthma

What kind of emotional disturbance causes stress

There are several possible reasons related to some life events For example

when a person loses or changes a job when a spouse has marital conflicts or

when a student has a serious school examination It also happens when a

family member die

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto aborda

a- Aspectos fiacutesicos e psicoloacutegicos causados pelo estresse

b- Basicamente a compressatildeo entre os dentes durante a mastigaccedilatildeo

c- Unicamente os aspectos fiacutesicos do estresse em pessoas que carregam

peso

d- Os desequiliacutebrios causados pelo estresse nos corpos de homens e

mulheres influentes

e- Os problemas de se fazer exerciacutecios fiacutesicos sem orientaccedilatildeo

especializada

2) Entre as causas gerais do estresse podem ser citadas todas as

opccedilotildees abaixo exceto

a- Uma doenccedila

b- Um distuacuterbio mental

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4

c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo

d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano

e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura

3) Segundo o texto

a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando

estresse

b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam

estresse

c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse

d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico

e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse

4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto

a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse

b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos

c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse

d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse

e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e

concursos

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT

Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees

que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso

dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually

normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo

obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo

I get up at seven orsquoclock every day

Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo

Always ndash sempre

Never ndash nunca

OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente

SeldomRarely ndash raramente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5

Generally ndash geralmente

Usually ndash usualmente

Sometimes ndash agraves vezes

Once a week ndash uma vez por semana

Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs

Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano

Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia

Every day ndash todo dia

Every morning ndash toda manhatilde

Every afternoon ndash toda tarde

Every night ndash toda noite

Every spring ndash toda primavera

Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

I WE YOU THEY

DONrsquoT LIKE

DO

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

HE SHE IT

LIKES

HE SHE IT

DOESNrsquoT LIKE

DOES

HE SHE IT

LIKE

Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as

pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no

infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber

Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para

formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos

Go ndash goes

Catch ndash catches

Pass - passes

Brush ndash brushes

Fix ndash fixes

Buzz ndash buzzes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6

Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e

acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um

s Exemplos

Try ndash tries

Play ndash plays

Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma

afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o

verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo

She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)

Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc

deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila

DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do

infinitivo)

Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula

NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos

I donrsquot play the piano

She doesnrsquot play the piano

Exercises

Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular

I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John

goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together

After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He

plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so

while he plays I learn

A) Underline the correct verb form

1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently

2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work

3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer

4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin

5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses

1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning

2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm

3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby

4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays

5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning

C) Check the appropriate questions

1- Jimmy rarely reads a book

a- When does Jimmy read books

b- What does he read

2- Yes I do I use the computer every day

a- What do you do everyday

b- Do you use the computer every day

3- Denise works at the hospital

a- When does she work at the hospital

b- Where does she work

4- We go to school in the morning

a- Where do you go in the morning

b- Do you go to school in the morning

CHAPTER 2

A postcard from London

Dear Walter

Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting

many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums

churches cathedrals and markets

Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the

famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in

my opinion

Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and

Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the

resting place of many heroes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 2: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 2

SUMARY

Unit 1 Simple Presenthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 03

Unit 2 Present Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 07

Unit 3 Simple Pasthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 11

Unit 4 Past Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 20

Unit 5 Modal Verbshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 23

Unit 6 Quantifiershelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 25

Unit 7 Comparative and Superlative Degreeshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 28

Unit 8 Genitive Case (lsquo)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 31

Unit 9 Tag Questionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 36

Unit 10 Simple Future (will)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 38

Unit 11 Immediate Future (going to)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 41

Unit 12 Present Perfecthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43

Unit 13 Present Perfect Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 3

CHAPTER 1

What is stress

Stress is a term that doctors use to describe pressure or physical force such as

the compression of teeth during chewing The forces acting on a joint when a

person carries a weight or does a physical exercise are other examples The

term also describes an influence that disturbs the natural equilibrium of the

bodies of men and women

What causes stress

The causes of stress encompass physical injury temperature or season

changes disease emotional disturbances or prolonged demands on physical or

mental endurance If the stress persists for a long time one or more of the

stress diseases may develop these include mental disorders like schizophrenia

and physical conditions like ulcer hypertension eczema or asthma

What kind of emotional disturbance causes stress

There are several possible reasons related to some life events For example

when a person loses or changes a job when a spouse has marital conflicts or

when a student has a serious school examination It also happens when a

family member die

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto aborda

a- Aspectos fiacutesicos e psicoloacutegicos causados pelo estresse

b- Basicamente a compressatildeo entre os dentes durante a mastigaccedilatildeo

c- Unicamente os aspectos fiacutesicos do estresse em pessoas que carregam

peso

d- Os desequiliacutebrios causados pelo estresse nos corpos de homens e

mulheres influentes

e- Os problemas de se fazer exerciacutecios fiacutesicos sem orientaccedilatildeo

especializada

2) Entre as causas gerais do estresse podem ser citadas todas as

opccedilotildees abaixo exceto

a- Uma doenccedila

b- Um distuacuterbio mental

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4

c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo

d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano

e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura

3) Segundo o texto

a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando

estresse

b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam

estresse

c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse

d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico

e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse

4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto

a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse

b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos

c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse

d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse

e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e

concursos

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT

Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees

que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso

dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually

normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo

obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo

I get up at seven orsquoclock every day

Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo

Always ndash sempre

Never ndash nunca

OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente

SeldomRarely ndash raramente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5

Generally ndash geralmente

Usually ndash usualmente

Sometimes ndash agraves vezes

Once a week ndash uma vez por semana

Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs

Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano

Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia

Every day ndash todo dia

Every morning ndash toda manhatilde

Every afternoon ndash toda tarde

Every night ndash toda noite

Every spring ndash toda primavera

Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

I WE YOU THEY

DONrsquoT LIKE

DO

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

HE SHE IT

LIKES

HE SHE IT

DOESNrsquoT LIKE

DOES

HE SHE IT

LIKE

Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as

pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no

infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber

Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para

formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos

Go ndash goes

Catch ndash catches

Pass - passes

Brush ndash brushes

Fix ndash fixes

Buzz ndash buzzes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6

Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e

acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um

s Exemplos

Try ndash tries

Play ndash plays

Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma

afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o

verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo

She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)

Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc

deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila

DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do

infinitivo)

Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula

NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos

I donrsquot play the piano

She doesnrsquot play the piano

Exercises

Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular

I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John

goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together

After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He

plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so

while he plays I learn

A) Underline the correct verb form

1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently

2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work

3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer

4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin

5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses

1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning

2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm

3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby

4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays

5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning

C) Check the appropriate questions

1- Jimmy rarely reads a book

a- When does Jimmy read books

b- What does he read

2- Yes I do I use the computer every day

a- What do you do everyday

b- Do you use the computer every day

3- Denise works at the hospital

a- When does she work at the hospital

b- Where does she work

4- We go to school in the morning

a- Where do you go in the morning

b- Do you go to school in the morning

CHAPTER 2

A postcard from London

Dear Walter

Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting

many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums

churches cathedrals and markets

Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the

famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in

my opinion

Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and

Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the

resting place of many heroes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 3: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 3

CHAPTER 1

What is stress

Stress is a term that doctors use to describe pressure or physical force such as

the compression of teeth during chewing The forces acting on a joint when a

person carries a weight or does a physical exercise are other examples The

term also describes an influence that disturbs the natural equilibrium of the

bodies of men and women

What causes stress

The causes of stress encompass physical injury temperature or season

changes disease emotional disturbances or prolonged demands on physical or

mental endurance If the stress persists for a long time one or more of the

stress diseases may develop these include mental disorders like schizophrenia

and physical conditions like ulcer hypertension eczema or asthma

What kind of emotional disturbance causes stress

There are several possible reasons related to some life events For example

when a person loses or changes a job when a spouse has marital conflicts or

when a student has a serious school examination It also happens when a

family member die

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto aborda

a- Aspectos fiacutesicos e psicoloacutegicos causados pelo estresse

b- Basicamente a compressatildeo entre os dentes durante a mastigaccedilatildeo

c- Unicamente os aspectos fiacutesicos do estresse em pessoas que carregam

peso

d- Os desequiliacutebrios causados pelo estresse nos corpos de homens e

mulheres influentes

e- Os problemas de se fazer exerciacutecios fiacutesicos sem orientaccedilatildeo

especializada

2) Entre as causas gerais do estresse podem ser citadas todas as

opccedilotildees abaixo exceto

a- Uma doenccedila

b- Um distuacuterbio mental

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4

c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo

d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano

e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura

3) Segundo o texto

a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando

estresse

b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam

estresse

c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse

d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico

e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse

4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto

a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse

b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos

c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse

d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse

e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e

concursos

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT

Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees

que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso

dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually

normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo

obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo

I get up at seven orsquoclock every day

Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo

Always ndash sempre

Never ndash nunca

OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente

SeldomRarely ndash raramente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5

Generally ndash geralmente

Usually ndash usualmente

Sometimes ndash agraves vezes

Once a week ndash uma vez por semana

Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs

Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano

Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia

Every day ndash todo dia

Every morning ndash toda manhatilde

Every afternoon ndash toda tarde

Every night ndash toda noite

Every spring ndash toda primavera

Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

I WE YOU THEY

DONrsquoT LIKE

DO

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

HE SHE IT

LIKES

HE SHE IT

DOESNrsquoT LIKE

DOES

HE SHE IT

LIKE

Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as

pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no

infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber

Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para

formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos

Go ndash goes

Catch ndash catches

Pass - passes

Brush ndash brushes

Fix ndash fixes

Buzz ndash buzzes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6

Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e

acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um

s Exemplos

Try ndash tries

Play ndash plays

Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma

afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o

verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo

She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)

Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc

deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila

DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do

infinitivo)

Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula

NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos

I donrsquot play the piano

She doesnrsquot play the piano

Exercises

Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular

I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John

goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together

After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He

plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so

while he plays I learn

A) Underline the correct verb form

1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently

2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work

3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer

4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin

5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses

1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning

2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm

3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby

4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays

5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning

C) Check the appropriate questions

1- Jimmy rarely reads a book

a- When does Jimmy read books

b- What does he read

2- Yes I do I use the computer every day

a- What do you do everyday

b- Do you use the computer every day

3- Denise works at the hospital

a- When does she work at the hospital

b- Where does she work

4- We go to school in the morning

a- Where do you go in the morning

b- Do you go to school in the morning

CHAPTER 2

A postcard from London

Dear Walter

Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting

many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums

churches cathedrals and markets

Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the

famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in

my opinion

Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and

Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the

resting place of many heroes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 4: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4

c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo

d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano

e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura

3) Segundo o texto

a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando

estresse

b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam

estresse

c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse

d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico

e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse

4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto

a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse

b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos

c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse

d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse

e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e

concursos

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT

Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees

que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso

dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually

normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo

obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo

I get up at seven orsquoclock every day

Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo

Always ndash sempre

Never ndash nunca

OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente

SeldomRarely ndash raramente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5

Generally ndash geralmente

Usually ndash usualmente

Sometimes ndash agraves vezes

Once a week ndash uma vez por semana

Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs

Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano

Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia

Every day ndash todo dia

Every morning ndash toda manhatilde

Every afternoon ndash toda tarde

Every night ndash toda noite

Every spring ndash toda primavera

Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

I WE YOU THEY

DONrsquoT LIKE

DO

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

HE SHE IT

LIKES

HE SHE IT

DOESNrsquoT LIKE

DOES

HE SHE IT

LIKE

Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as

pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no

infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber

Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para

formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos

Go ndash goes

Catch ndash catches

Pass - passes

Brush ndash brushes

Fix ndash fixes

Buzz ndash buzzes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6

Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e

acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um

s Exemplos

Try ndash tries

Play ndash plays

Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma

afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o

verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo

She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)

Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc

deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila

DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do

infinitivo)

Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula

NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos

I donrsquot play the piano

She doesnrsquot play the piano

Exercises

Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular

I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John

goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together

After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He

plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so

while he plays I learn

A) Underline the correct verb form

1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently

2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work

3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer

4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin

5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses

1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning

2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm

3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby

4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays

5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning

C) Check the appropriate questions

1- Jimmy rarely reads a book

a- When does Jimmy read books

b- What does he read

2- Yes I do I use the computer every day

a- What do you do everyday

b- Do you use the computer every day

3- Denise works at the hospital

a- When does she work at the hospital

b- Where does she work

4- We go to school in the morning

a- Where do you go in the morning

b- Do you go to school in the morning

CHAPTER 2

A postcard from London

Dear Walter

Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting

many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums

churches cathedrals and markets

Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the

famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in

my opinion

Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and

Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the

resting place of many heroes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 5: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5

Generally ndash geralmente

Usually ndash usualmente

Sometimes ndash agraves vezes

Once a week ndash uma vez por semana

Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs

Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano

Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia

Every day ndash todo dia

Every morning ndash toda manhatilde

Every afternoon ndash toda tarde

Every night ndash toda noite

Every spring ndash toda primavera

Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

I WE YOU THEY

DONrsquoT LIKE

DO

I WE YOU THEY

LIKE

HE SHE IT

LIKES

HE SHE IT

DOESNrsquoT LIKE

DOES

HE SHE IT

LIKE

Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as

pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no

infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber

Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para

formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos

Go ndash goes

Catch ndash catches

Pass - passes

Brush ndash brushes

Fix ndash fixes

Buzz ndash buzzes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6

Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e

acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um

s Exemplos

Try ndash tries

Play ndash plays

Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma

afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o

verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo

She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)

Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc

deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila

DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do

infinitivo)

Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula

NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos

I donrsquot play the piano

She doesnrsquot play the piano

Exercises

Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular

I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John

goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together

After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He

plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so

while he plays I learn

A) Underline the correct verb form

1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently

2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work

3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer

4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin

5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses

1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning

2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm

3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby

4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays

5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning

C) Check the appropriate questions

1- Jimmy rarely reads a book

a- When does Jimmy read books

b- What does he read

2- Yes I do I use the computer every day

a- What do you do everyday

b- Do you use the computer every day

3- Denise works at the hospital

a- When does she work at the hospital

b- Where does she work

4- We go to school in the morning

a- Where do you go in the morning

b- Do you go to school in the morning

CHAPTER 2

A postcard from London

Dear Walter

Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting

many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums

churches cathedrals and markets

Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the

famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in

my opinion

Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and

Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the

resting place of many heroes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 6: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6

Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e

acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um

s Exemplos

Try ndash tries

Play ndash plays

Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma

afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o

verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo

She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)

Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc

deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila

DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do

infinitivo)

Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula

NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos

I donrsquot play the piano

She doesnrsquot play the piano

Exercises

Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular

I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John

goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together

After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He

plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so

while he plays I learn

A) Underline the correct verb form

1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently

2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work

3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer

4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin

5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses

1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning

2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm

3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby

4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays

5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning

C) Check the appropriate questions

1- Jimmy rarely reads a book

a- When does Jimmy read books

b- What does he read

2- Yes I do I use the computer every day

a- What do you do everyday

b- Do you use the computer every day

3- Denise works at the hospital

a- When does she work at the hospital

b- Where does she work

4- We go to school in the morning

a- Where do you go in the morning

b- Do you go to school in the morning

CHAPTER 2

A postcard from London

Dear Walter

Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting

many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums

churches cathedrals and markets

Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the

famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in

my opinion

Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and

Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the

resting place of many heroes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 7: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses

1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning

2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm

3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby

4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays

5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning

C) Check the appropriate questions

1- Jimmy rarely reads a book

a- When does Jimmy read books

b- What does he read

2- Yes I do I use the computer every day

a- What do you do everyday

b- Do you use the computer every day

3- Denise works at the hospital

a- When does she work at the hospital

b- Where does she work

4- We go to school in the morning

a- Where do you go in the morning

b- Do you go to school in the morning

CHAPTER 2

A postcard from London

Dear Walter

Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting

many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums

churches cathedrals and markets

Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the

famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in

my opinion

Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and

Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the

resting place of many heroes

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 8: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8

Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is

one of my old wishes

Kisses

Agnes

Reading Comprehension

1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona

a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas

b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte

c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos

d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos

e- Por ser uma cidade antiga

2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles

a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas

b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings

c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios

d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios

e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus

3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que

a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres

b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros

c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos

d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres

e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres

GRAMMAR

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute

acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler

estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo

Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute

possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses

elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o

geruacutendio do verbo principal

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 9: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9

O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to

mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final

A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -

ondo

Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa

Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa

Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund

Falar Falando To speak Speaking

Ler Lendo To read Reading

Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting

Compor Compondo To compose Composing

Atenccedilatildeo

Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o

e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex

To close ndash closing (fechar)

Atenccedilatildeo

O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo

isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe

To go ndash ir

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Go ndash raiz do verbo

To study ndash estudar

To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo

Study ndash raiz do verbo

Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute

sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex

To read ndash ler

Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo

principal no geruacutendio

Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente

contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 10: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

It is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Irsquom working

Yoursquore working

Hersquos working

Shersquos working

Itrsquos working

Wersquore working

Yoursquore working

Theyrsquore working

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I am not working

You are not working

He is not working

She is not working

It is not working

We are not working

You are not working

They are not working

Irsquom not working

You arenrsquot working

He isnrsquot working

She isnrsquot working

It isnrsquot working

We arenrsquot working

You arenrsquot working

They arenrsquot working

Eu natildeo estou trabalhando

Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Am I working

Are you working

Is he working

Is she working

Is it working

Are we working

Are you working

Are they working

(Natildeo se faz a

contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estou trabalhando

Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando

Ele estaacute trabalhando

Ela estaacute trabalhando

Eleela estaacute trabalhando

Noacutes estamos trabalhando

Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando

Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 11: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11

Exercises

1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing

a- Visit=

b- Rain=

c- Shine=

d- Be=

e- Free=

f- Tie=

g- Destroy=

h- Worry=

2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar

as frases

a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)

b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)

c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)

d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)

Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta

3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________

a- is sleeping

b- sleep

c- sleeps

d- are sleeping

4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company

a- work

b- works

c- is working

d- working

CHAPTER 3

The little girl and the wolf

On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along

carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 12: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12

you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl

didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where

her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this

way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by

indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the

wood

When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was

somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached

the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in

a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother

So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the

wolfrsquos eyes and called the police

Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be

Reading Comprehension

1) O texto eacute um (a)

a- Histoacuteria infantil

b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula

c- Paraacutebola

d- Conto de fadas

e- Histoacuteria da carochinha

2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a

a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers

b- Snow-White

c- Slepping Beauty

d- Little Red-Cap

e- Cinderella

3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo

mencionado no texto

a- Ill-mannered

b- Hobo

c- Deceiver

d- Tramp

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 13: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST

O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que

aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas

isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido

Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no

passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente

na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi

executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc

Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares

DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente

simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do

passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se

estrutura da seguinte forma

FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday

FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year

FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday

Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais

formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal

eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos

regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao

infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado

com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo

Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na

grafia Veja o quadro abaixo

REGRA -ED

Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped

Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal

Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed

Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 14: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14

segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred

Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played

Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied

VERBOS REGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR

ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR

ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR

ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR

ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR

ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR

ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR

ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR

AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR

ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR

AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR

ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER

APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER

ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR

ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR

ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR

ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR

ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR

AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR

BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER

BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR

BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR

BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR

BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR

BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER

BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR

BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR

BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR

CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR

CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR

CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR

CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR

COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR

COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR

CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR

CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR

COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR

COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 15: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR

CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR

DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR

DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR

DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR

DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER

DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR

DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR

DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR

EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR

END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR

ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR

ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR

EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR

EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR

EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE

FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER

FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR

FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR

FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR

GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO

GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR

HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER

HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER

IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR

INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR

LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR

LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR

LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER

LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR

LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR

MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR

MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC

MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR

NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR

OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER

OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR

OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR

OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER

PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR

PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR

POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA

PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR

PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 16: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR

PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER

PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER

PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR

RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER

REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER

RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER

REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR

RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR

REMEMBER REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED LEMBRAR

RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR

REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR

REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER

REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR

REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR

SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR

SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR

SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER

SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR

SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR

START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR

STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR

STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR

SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER

TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR

TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR

THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER

TRANSLATE TRANSLATED

TRANSLATED TRADUZIR

TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR

TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR

USE USED USED USAR

VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR

WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR

WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR

WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER

WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR

WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR

WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 17: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17

VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO

ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR

AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR

BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR

BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR

BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR

BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR

BEND BENT BENT CURVAR

BET BET BET APOSTAR

BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR

BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER

BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR

BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR

BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR

BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER

BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR

BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR

BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR

BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR

CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR

CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER

COME CAME COME VIR

COST COST COST CUSTAR

CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR

CUT CUT CUT CORTAR

DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR

DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR

DO DID DONE FAZER

DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR

DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR

DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR

DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR

EAT ATE EATEN COMER

FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR

FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR

FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR

FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER

FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR

FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR

FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR

FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR

FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER

FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 18: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR

GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER

GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR

GO WENT GONE IR

GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR

GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER

HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR

HAVE HAD HAD TER

HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR

HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER

HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR

HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR

HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR

KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR

KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR

KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER

LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR

LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR

LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER

LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR

LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR

LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR

LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER

LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER

LOSE LOST LOST PERDER

MAKE MADE MADE FAZER

MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR

MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR

PAY PAID PAID PAGAR

PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR

QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE

READ READ READ LER

RID RID RID LIVRAR

RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR

RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE

RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR

RUN RAN RUN CORRER

SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR

SAY SAID SAID DIZER

SET SET SET COLOCAR

SEE SAW SEEN VER

SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR

SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER

SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR

SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR

SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER

SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR

SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 19: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR

SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR

SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER

SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR

SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR

SING SANG SANG CANTAR

SIT SAT SAT SENTAR

SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR

SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO

SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR

SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR

SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR

SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR

SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR

SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR

SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER

SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR

SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR

SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER

SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR

STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute

STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR

STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR

STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR

STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL

STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS

STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR

STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR

SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR

SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR

SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER

SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR

SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR

SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR

TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR

TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR

TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR

THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR

THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR

UNDERSTAND

UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER

WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR

WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR

WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR

WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR

WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 20: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20

WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR

WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR

WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER

WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER

NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)

Exercises

1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses

a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)

b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)

c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)

d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)

e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)

2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples

a- They speak Italian very well

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- She lives in England

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

d- I go to swim today

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 21: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21

a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4

A shower in India

Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be

the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent

The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice

warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became

frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and

ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of

hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels

lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily

The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I

know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo

Reading Comprehension

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 22: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22

1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)

a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator

b- The English lady was probably a visitor

c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India

d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay

e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India

f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village

g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor

h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India

i- The man frightened the lady

j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her

shower

GRAMMAR

PAST CONTINUOUS

O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo

principal no geruacutendio

O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos

finais

-ando

-endo

-indo

-ondo

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto

eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado

Exemplos

They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night

(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)

It was raining last Sunday morning

(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)

O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo

tempo no passado

Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos

T F

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 23: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a

composition

(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam

escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)

We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping

(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)

Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas

baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo

na tabela abaixo

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying

I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying

Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 24: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre

parecircnteses

a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)

b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)

c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to

work)

d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime

yesterday (to look)

2) Una as frases com a palavra while

a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa

a- Mr Harrison was smoking

____________________________________________________________-

____________________________________________________________

b- Mark and David were looking for a job

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 25: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25

CHAPTER 5

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs

Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the

yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling

needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling

the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the

green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the

form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS

Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles

possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas

Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela

com exceccedilatildeo de ought to

Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por

dodoesdid

Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s

Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos

contiacutenuos

Os verbos modais satildeo

Can may must should

Observe o quadro abaixo

Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado

Can To be able to Poder Conseguir

Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)

Could

Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago

May To be possible Poder Possibilidade

Permissatildeo (formal) Might

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 26: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26

Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in

Must To have (to) Ter

Precisar Dever

Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo

Had (to)

Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy

Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho

Examples They should eat less We should respect the others

Verbo Forma Negativa

Can Cannot canrsquot

Could Could not couldnrsquot

May May not maynrsquot

Might Might not mightnrsquot

Must Must not mustnrsquot

Should Should not shouldnrsquot

Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot

Exercises

1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may

a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his

job

b- How ______ I get to the station please

c- The train ______ arrived any moment

d- ______ you play the keyboard

e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable

f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us

2) Use could ou might

a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question

b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant

c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency

d- I would change the world if I could ________

e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should

a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours

b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 27: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27

c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person

d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please

e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty

CHAPTER 6

Give a kid a hand

The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when

their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them

how to do things Someone just to hold them

Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get

And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance

of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or

at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your

money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you

can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe

yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be

the hand that holds out a little hopehellip

COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND

IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION

Source Newsweek

Reading Comprehension

1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information

a- Text type (in Portuguese)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Publish in (source)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Advertiser

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader

a- To help a child

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 28: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28

b- To take a child for a walk

c- To donate organs

GRAMMAR

QUANTIFIERS

Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os

incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que

diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da

seguinte forma

Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no

singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan

(umuma)

Exemplos

An ice-cream (um sorvete)

A truck (um caminhatildeo)

A car (um carro)

A banana (uma banana)

An orange (uma laranja)

Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e

substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral

Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo

indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)

Exemplos

Love (Amor)

Happiness (Felicidade)

Freedom (Liberdade)

Milk (Leite)

Expressotildees comuns

How much (quanto) Too much (demais)

So much (tanto) Very much (muito)

Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 29: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29

Little (pouco)

Few (pouco) How many (quantos)

Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)

Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis

Exemplos

We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por

aqui)

There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)

There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco

investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)

Dicas

1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos

no plural ou incontaacuteveis

Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)

Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste

sorvete)

2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan

Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare

Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma

aspirina

Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas

I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo

3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e

perguntas Compare

I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)

Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)

4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for

positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos

Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 30: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30

Exercises

1) Complete with much or many

a- ______________ are the families that are poor

b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day

c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom

d- I heard ______________ news about the war

e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald

2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses

a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)

information about the subject

b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash

lots of) luggage

c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to

say

d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge

e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty

3) Choose few or little

a- There are ____________ buses after midnight

b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad

c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it

d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded

e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play

CHAPTER 7

Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport

would you choose

Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular

every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding

They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures

The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning

how to fall properly is fundamental

Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 31: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert

or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe

because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of

the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do

Norte

Surfing

Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca

Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are

during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a

meeting point for surfers from all over the country

Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you

wonrsquot catch any waves

Reading Comprehension

1) Find the names of four places in Brazil

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text

a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 32: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32

Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que

observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo

Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que

um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo

Adjetivos Curtos

- Comparativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo

Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy

He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill

- Superlativo

Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo

Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui

Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho

Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares

Comparativo Superlativo

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Adjetivos Longos

- Comparativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo

Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que

o seu

French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs

- Superlativo

Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo

Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro

Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 33: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33

Exercises

1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip

a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother

b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium

c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know

d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study

e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses

2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip

a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles

b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car

c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class

d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem

e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room

3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given

a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________

b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________

c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________

d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________

e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________

CHAPTER 8

James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 34: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34

Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill

SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500

POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100

Reading Comprehension

1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao

a- Jane

b- James e agrave Jane

c- Uma rede de restaurantes

d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos

e- James

2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua

francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser

encontrada em

a- Teclados de computador

b- Paineacuteis de carros

c- Bulas de remeacutedio

d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla

e- Receitas meacutedicas

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 35: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35

3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente

corresponde em inglecircs a

a- Seasoning

b- Bribery

c- Fine

d- Tax

e- Tip

GRAMMAR

GENITIVE CASE

O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja

The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)

The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)

The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)

Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case

Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos

1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc

The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)

2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um

The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 36: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36

substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato

3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer

a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)

Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)

4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)

The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 37: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37

garotas)

5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s

The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)

6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas

Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc

7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo

The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)

The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)

The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)

(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)

8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos

Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas

9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s

mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 38: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38

Exercises

1) Use o caso genitivo

a- Farm ndash Mr Newman

_______________________________________________________________

b- Friend ndash Catherine

_______________________________________________________________

c- Dog ndash The boy

_______________________________________________________________

2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo

f- Toys ndash The children

_______________________________ are on the floor

b- Dress ndash Barbara

_________________________________ is White and yellow

c- Pants ndash Chris

______________________________ are on the bed

d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton

_______________________________ is in New York

CHAPTER 9

Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are

coming back home after a hard day of study

Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie

Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda

Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me

arenrsquot you

Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you

asked her to come with us didnrsquot you

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 39: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39

Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there

Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she

Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have

dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we

Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film

on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent

Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it is

Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it

Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then

Linda ndash Ok Julie

GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS

Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a

declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela

Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa

Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo

verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar

correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao

sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser

substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto

Importante

Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for

a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na

forma negativa da question tag Veja

I am not a geologist am I

I am a physicist arenrsquot I

Exercises

Complete com a question tag adequada

1 The game begins at 8 __________

2 He speaks to himself __________

3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 40: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40

4 Ted broke his arm __________

5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________

6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________

7 Tony made some mistakes __________

8 You arenrsquot at home __________

9 The wood is burning __________

10 They flew to Africa __________

11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________

12 There is a park near here __________

13 George wasnrsquot angry __________

14 You can swim well __________

CHAPTER 10

Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at

the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes

overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle

Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because

itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will

Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too

Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery

Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear

Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert

Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there

Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm

Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool

then

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE FUTURE

O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute

formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 41: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41

O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo

principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas

Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo

Forma contraiacuteda

Traduccedilatildeo

I will go You will go He will go She will go

It will go We will go You will go They will go

Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go

Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go

It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go

I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go

It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go

Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute

Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo

Eleselas natildeo iratildeo

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go

Will we go Will you go Will they go

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute

Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo

Eleselas iratildeo

Exercises

1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a

forma por extenso

a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain

b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip

c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 42: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow

2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada

a- She will make a test tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- We will stay in Sao Paulo

_______________________________________________________________

c- They will visit the White house

_______________________________________________________________

d- He will find the way to the bus station

_______________________________________________________________

3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada

a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The boss will talk to the workers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa

a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

b- It will snow next month

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 43: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43

_______________________________________________________________

c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson

_______________________________________________________________

d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock

_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 11

Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are

going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is

going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have

lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back

home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day

GRAMMAR

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos

referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING

TO Ex

Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test

Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute

acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex

Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain

Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex

Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses

Estrutura do futuro imediato

1 Forma Afirmativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England

2 Forma Negativa

SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England

3 Forma Interrogativa

ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 44: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44

Exercises

1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato

a- Nick ndash study in the library

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- You ndash write a love letter

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The child ndash eat an apple

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- They ndash get up early tomorrow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Assinale a resposta correta

2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe

a- are going to b- is going

c- is going to d- am going to

3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week

a- am going b- are going to

c- is going to d- am going to

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 45: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45

CHAPTER 12

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and

technology

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the

most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on

the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert

Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his

life on the Earth

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the

universe

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources

of medicine

But there are so many things to do in the future

Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet

Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars

Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social

problems

Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira

Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal

Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e

interrogativa

1 Forma Afirmativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have walked

You have walked

He has walked

Irsquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Hersquos walked

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 46: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46

She has walked

It has walked

We have walked

You have walked

They have walked

Shersquos walked

Itrsquos walked

Wersquove walked

Yoursquove walked

Theyrsquove walked

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

2 Forma Negativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

I have not walked

You have not walked

He has not walked

She has not walked

It has not walked

We have not walked

You have not walked

They have not walked

I havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

He hasnrsquot walked

She hasnrsquot walked

It hasnrsquot walked

We havenrsquot walked

You havenrsquot walked

They havenrsquot walked

Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado

Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado

Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado

Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado

3 Forma Interrogativa

Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo

Have I walked

Have you walked

Has he walked

Has she walked

Has it walked

Have we walked

Have you walked

Have they walked

(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)

Eu ando tenho andado

Vocecirc anda tem andado

Ele anda tem andado

Ela anda tem andado

Eleela anda tem andado

Noacutes andamos temos andado

Vocecircs andam tem andado

Eleselas andam tem andado

Usa-se o presente perfeito

1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos

o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo

I have studied my lessons

(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)

Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos

o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo

I studied my lesson yesterday

(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 47: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47

2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita

ateacute o presente momento Exemplo

I have worked here since 1970

(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)

3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo

I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)

4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo

He has just arrived

(ele acabou de chegar)

Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito

Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees

Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas

Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim

Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal

Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim

Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase

Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo

I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei

Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa

Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas

Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda

Just Muito recentemente

Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal

Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance

Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente

Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo

Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 48: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48

Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito

Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo

For Durante por

Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos

Since Desde

Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988

So far up to now Ateacute agora

Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade

Observaccedilotildees

Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho

Exercises

Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase

1 I __________ here for a week

( ) was ( ) have been

2 My teacher __________ sick for two days

( ) has been ( ) was

3 I __________ studying English since January

( ) have been ( ) studied

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 49: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49

4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965

( ) worked ( ) have worked

5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday

( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten

6 They _____ just _____

( ) have studied ( ) arrived

7 Mary _____ just _____ out

( ) went ( ) has gone

8 I _____ just _____ my book

( ) opened ( ) have opened

9 She _____ already _____ the bill

( ) has paid ( ) paid

10 They _____ already _____ their homework

( ) finished ( ) have finished

CHAPTER 13

Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe

She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was

just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed

both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed

boy

The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found

amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up

pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My

father was a blond-haired man

Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks

through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods

still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a

short dreamrdquo

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e

tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 50: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50

How long have you been studying English

Irsquove been studying English for two years

I have been studying English since last year

How long have you been reading this book

I have been reading this book for one year

Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday

How long have you been driving

I have been driving since I was a child

Irsquove been driving since October

How long has it been raining

It has been raining for five hours

Itrsquos been raining for one hour

For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo

de tempo

Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo

IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING

FOR SINCE

Two hours 8 orsquoclock

20 minutes Monday

Five days 12 may

Six months April

A week 1977

50 years Christmas

A long time Lunch time

Ages Last week

Exercises

1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo

a- Gary repairs computers

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 51: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51

b- They paint pictures

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- The maids are cleaning the windows

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- She swims in the river

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e- It is snowing

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito

contiacutenuo

a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now

Page 52: 1 Ano Ingles

INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o

presente contiacutenuo

a- She ______________ (to sleep) now

b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately

c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane

d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)

e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)

dinner now