Download - 1 Ano Ingles
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 1
APOSTILA 2015
INGLEcircS ENGLISH
STUDENT_____________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 2
SUMARY
Unit 1 Simple Presenthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 03
Unit 2 Present Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 07
Unit 3 Simple Pasthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 11
Unit 4 Past Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 20
Unit 5 Modal Verbshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 23
Unit 6 Quantifiershelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 25
Unit 7 Comparative and Superlative Degreeshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 28
Unit 8 Genitive Case (lsquo)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 31
Unit 9 Tag Questionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 36
Unit 10 Simple Future (will)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 38
Unit 11 Immediate Future (going to)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 41
Unit 12 Present Perfecthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43
Unit 13 Present Perfect Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 3
CHAPTER 1
What is stress
Stress is a term that doctors use to describe pressure or physical force such as
the compression of teeth during chewing The forces acting on a joint when a
person carries a weight or does a physical exercise are other examples The
term also describes an influence that disturbs the natural equilibrium of the
bodies of men and women
What causes stress
The causes of stress encompass physical injury temperature or season
changes disease emotional disturbances or prolonged demands on physical or
mental endurance If the stress persists for a long time one or more of the
stress diseases may develop these include mental disorders like schizophrenia
and physical conditions like ulcer hypertension eczema or asthma
What kind of emotional disturbance causes stress
There are several possible reasons related to some life events For example
when a person loses or changes a job when a spouse has marital conflicts or
when a student has a serious school examination It also happens when a
family member die
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto aborda
a- Aspectos fiacutesicos e psicoloacutegicos causados pelo estresse
b- Basicamente a compressatildeo entre os dentes durante a mastigaccedilatildeo
c- Unicamente os aspectos fiacutesicos do estresse em pessoas que carregam
peso
d- Os desequiliacutebrios causados pelo estresse nos corpos de homens e
mulheres influentes
e- Os problemas de se fazer exerciacutecios fiacutesicos sem orientaccedilatildeo
especializada
2) Entre as causas gerais do estresse podem ser citadas todas as
opccedilotildees abaixo exceto
a- Uma doenccedila
b- Um distuacuterbio mental
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4
c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo
d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano
e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura
3) Segundo o texto
a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando
estresse
b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam
estresse
c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse
d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico
e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse
4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto
a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse
b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos
c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse
d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse
e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e
concursos
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PRESENT
Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees
que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso
dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually
normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo
obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo
I get up at seven orsquoclock every day
Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo
Always ndash sempre
Never ndash nunca
OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente
SeldomRarely ndash raramente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5
Generally ndash geralmente
Usually ndash usualmente
Sometimes ndash agraves vezes
Once a week ndash uma vez por semana
Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs
Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano
Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia
Every day ndash todo dia
Every morning ndash toda manhatilde
Every afternoon ndash toda tarde
Every night ndash toda noite
Every spring ndash toda primavera
Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
I WE YOU THEY
DONrsquoT LIKE
DO
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
HE SHE IT
LIKES
HE SHE IT
DOESNrsquoT LIKE
DOES
HE SHE IT
LIKE
Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as
pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no
infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber
Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para
formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos
Go ndash goes
Catch ndash catches
Pass - passes
Brush ndash brushes
Fix ndash fixes
Buzz ndash buzzes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6
Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e
acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um
s Exemplos
Try ndash tries
Play ndash plays
Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma
afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o
verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo
She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)
Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc
deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila
DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do
infinitivo)
Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula
NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos
I donrsquot play the piano
She doesnrsquot play the piano
Exercises
Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular
I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John
goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together
After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He
plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so
while he plays I learn
A) Underline the correct verb form
1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently
2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work
3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer
4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin
5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7
B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning
C) Check the appropriate questions
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book
a- When does Jimmy read books
b- What does he read
2- Yes I do I use the computer every day
a- What do you do everyday
b- Do you use the computer every day
3- Denise works at the hospital
a- When does she work at the hospital
b- Where does she work
4- We go to school in the morning
a- Where do you go in the morning
b- Do you go to school in the morning
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter
Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting
many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums
churches cathedrals and markets
Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the
famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in
my opinion
Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 2
SUMARY
Unit 1 Simple Presenthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 03
Unit 2 Present Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 07
Unit 3 Simple Pasthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 11
Unit 4 Past Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 20
Unit 5 Modal Verbshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 23
Unit 6 Quantifiershelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 25
Unit 7 Comparative and Superlative Degreeshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 28
Unit 8 Genitive Case (lsquo)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 31
Unit 9 Tag Questionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 36
Unit 10 Simple Future (will)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 38
Unit 11 Immediate Future (going to)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 41
Unit 12 Present Perfecthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43
Unit 13 Present Perfect Continuoushelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 3
CHAPTER 1
What is stress
Stress is a term that doctors use to describe pressure or physical force such as
the compression of teeth during chewing The forces acting on a joint when a
person carries a weight or does a physical exercise are other examples The
term also describes an influence that disturbs the natural equilibrium of the
bodies of men and women
What causes stress
The causes of stress encompass physical injury temperature or season
changes disease emotional disturbances or prolonged demands on physical or
mental endurance If the stress persists for a long time one or more of the
stress diseases may develop these include mental disorders like schizophrenia
and physical conditions like ulcer hypertension eczema or asthma
What kind of emotional disturbance causes stress
There are several possible reasons related to some life events For example
when a person loses or changes a job when a spouse has marital conflicts or
when a student has a serious school examination It also happens when a
family member die
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto aborda
a- Aspectos fiacutesicos e psicoloacutegicos causados pelo estresse
b- Basicamente a compressatildeo entre os dentes durante a mastigaccedilatildeo
c- Unicamente os aspectos fiacutesicos do estresse em pessoas que carregam
peso
d- Os desequiliacutebrios causados pelo estresse nos corpos de homens e
mulheres influentes
e- Os problemas de se fazer exerciacutecios fiacutesicos sem orientaccedilatildeo
especializada
2) Entre as causas gerais do estresse podem ser citadas todas as
opccedilotildees abaixo exceto
a- Uma doenccedila
b- Um distuacuterbio mental
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4
c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo
d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano
e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura
3) Segundo o texto
a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando
estresse
b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam
estresse
c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse
d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico
e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse
4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto
a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse
b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos
c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse
d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse
e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e
concursos
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PRESENT
Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees
que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso
dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually
normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo
obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo
I get up at seven orsquoclock every day
Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo
Always ndash sempre
Never ndash nunca
OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente
SeldomRarely ndash raramente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5
Generally ndash geralmente
Usually ndash usualmente
Sometimes ndash agraves vezes
Once a week ndash uma vez por semana
Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs
Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano
Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia
Every day ndash todo dia
Every morning ndash toda manhatilde
Every afternoon ndash toda tarde
Every night ndash toda noite
Every spring ndash toda primavera
Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
I WE YOU THEY
DONrsquoT LIKE
DO
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
HE SHE IT
LIKES
HE SHE IT
DOESNrsquoT LIKE
DOES
HE SHE IT
LIKE
Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as
pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no
infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber
Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para
formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos
Go ndash goes
Catch ndash catches
Pass - passes
Brush ndash brushes
Fix ndash fixes
Buzz ndash buzzes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6
Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e
acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um
s Exemplos
Try ndash tries
Play ndash plays
Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma
afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o
verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo
She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)
Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc
deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila
DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do
infinitivo)
Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula
NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos
I donrsquot play the piano
She doesnrsquot play the piano
Exercises
Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular
I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John
goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together
After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He
plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so
while he plays I learn
A) Underline the correct verb form
1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently
2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work
3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer
4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin
5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7
B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning
C) Check the appropriate questions
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book
a- When does Jimmy read books
b- What does he read
2- Yes I do I use the computer every day
a- What do you do everyday
b- Do you use the computer every day
3- Denise works at the hospital
a- When does she work at the hospital
b- Where does she work
4- We go to school in the morning
a- Where do you go in the morning
b- Do you go to school in the morning
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter
Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting
many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums
churches cathedrals and markets
Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the
famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in
my opinion
Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 3
CHAPTER 1
What is stress
Stress is a term that doctors use to describe pressure or physical force such as
the compression of teeth during chewing The forces acting on a joint when a
person carries a weight or does a physical exercise are other examples The
term also describes an influence that disturbs the natural equilibrium of the
bodies of men and women
What causes stress
The causes of stress encompass physical injury temperature or season
changes disease emotional disturbances or prolonged demands on physical or
mental endurance If the stress persists for a long time one or more of the
stress diseases may develop these include mental disorders like schizophrenia
and physical conditions like ulcer hypertension eczema or asthma
What kind of emotional disturbance causes stress
There are several possible reasons related to some life events For example
when a person loses or changes a job when a spouse has marital conflicts or
when a student has a serious school examination It also happens when a
family member die
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto aborda
a- Aspectos fiacutesicos e psicoloacutegicos causados pelo estresse
b- Basicamente a compressatildeo entre os dentes durante a mastigaccedilatildeo
c- Unicamente os aspectos fiacutesicos do estresse em pessoas que carregam
peso
d- Os desequiliacutebrios causados pelo estresse nos corpos de homens e
mulheres influentes
e- Os problemas de se fazer exerciacutecios fiacutesicos sem orientaccedilatildeo
especializada
2) Entre as causas gerais do estresse podem ser citadas todas as
opccedilotildees abaixo exceto
a- Uma doenccedila
b- Um distuacuterbio mental
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4
c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo
d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano
e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura
3) Segundo o texto
a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando
estresse
b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam
estresse
c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse
d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico
e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse
4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto
a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse
b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos
c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse
d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse
e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e
concursos
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PRESENT
Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees
que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso
dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually
normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo
obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo
I get up at seven orsquoclock every day
Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo
Always ndash sempre
Never ndash nunca
OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente
SeldomRarely ndash raramente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5
Generally ndash geralmente
Usually ndash usualmente
Sometimes ndash agraves vezes
Once a week ndash uma vez por semana
Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs
Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano
Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia
Every day ndash todo dia
Every morning ndash toda manhatilde
Every afternoon ndash toda tarde
Every night ndash toda noite
Every spring ndash toda primavera
Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
I WE YOU THEY
DONrsquoT LIKE
DO
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
HE SHE IT
LIKES
HE SHE IT
DOESNrsquoT LIKE
DOES
HE SHE IT
LIKE
Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as
pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no
infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber
Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para
formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos
Go ndash goes
Catch ndash catches
Pass - passes
Brush ndash brushes
Fix ndash fixes
Buzz ndash buzzes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6
Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e
acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um
s Exemplos
Try ndash tries
Play ndash plays
Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma
afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o
verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo
She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)
Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc
deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila
DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do
infinitivo)
Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula
NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos
I donrsquot play the piano
She doesnrsquot play the piano
Exercises
Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular
I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John
goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together
After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He
plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so
while he plays I learn
A) Underline the correct verb form
1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently
2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work
3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer
4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin
5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7
B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning
C) Check the appropriate questions
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book
a- When does Jimmy read books
b- What does he read
2- Yes I do I use the computer every day
a- What do you do everyday
b- Do you use the computer every day
3- Denise works at the hospital
a- When does she work at the hospital
b- Where does she work
4- We go to school in the morning
a- Where do you go in the morning
b- Do you go to school in the morning
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter
Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting
many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums
churches cathedrals and markets
Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the
famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in
my opinion
Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 4
c- Um esforccedilo contiacutenuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo
d- Uma notiacutecia sobre a proacutexima estaccedilatildeo do ano
e- Alteraccedilotildees bruscas de temperatura
3) Segundo o texto
a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o fiacutesico causando
estresse
b- Mudanccedilas de tempero nos alimentos e haacutebitos natildeo saudaacuteveis causam
estresse
c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse
d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse consulte um meacutedico
e- O eczema a hipertensatildeo e a uacutelcera sempre acontecem com o estresse
4) Qual das informaccedilotildees abaixo natildeo consta no texto
a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse
b- Para evitar o estresse satildeo sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos
c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse
d- Desquites e divoacutercios satildeo eventos que podem causar estresse
e- Haacute pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e
concursos
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PRESENT
Usa-se o simple present para falar de haacutebitos rotina acontecimentos ou accedilotildees
que acontecem regularmente ou com frequumlecircncia Neste caso eacute comum o uso
dos adveacuterbios de frequumlecircncia tais como always often sometimes usually
normally every day (week month year Sunday) Poreacutem eles natildeo satildeo
obrigatoacuterios nem satildeo usados exclusivamente com o simple present Exemplo
I get up at seven orsquoclock every day
Os adveacuterbios e locuccedilotildees mais usados no presente simples satildeo
Always ndash sempre
Never ndash nunca
OftenFrequently ndash frequumlentemente
SeldomRarely ndash raramente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5
Generally ndash geralmente
Usually ndash usualmente
Sometimes ndash agraves vezes
Once a week ndash uma vez por semana
Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs
Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano
Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia
Every day ndash todo dia
Every morning ndash toda manhatilde
Every afternoon ndash toda tarde
Every night ndash toda noite
Every spring ndash toda primavera
Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
I WE YOU THEY
DONrsquoT LIKE
DO
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
HE SHE IT
LIKES
HE SHE IT
DOESNrsquoT LIKE
DOES
HE SHE IT
LIKE
Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as
pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no
infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber
Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para
formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos
Go ndash goes
Catch ndash catches
Pass - passes
Brush ndash brushes
Fix ndash fixes
Buzz ndash buzzes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6
Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e
acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um
s Exemplos
Try ndash tries
Play ndash plays
Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma
afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o
verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo
She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)
Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc
deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila
DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do
infinitivo)
Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula
NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos
I donrsquot play the piano
She doesnrsquot play the piano
Exercises
Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular
I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John
goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together
After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He
plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so
while he plays I learn
A) Underline the correct verb form
1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently
2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work
3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer
4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin
5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7
B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning
C) Check the appropriate questions
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book
a- When does Jimmy read books
b- What does he read
2- Yes I do I use the computer every day
a- What do you do everyday
b- Do you use the computer every day
3- Denise works at the hospital
a- When does she work at the hospital
b- Where does she work
4- We go to school in the morning
a- Where do you go in the morning
b- Do you go to school in the morning
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter
Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting
many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums
churches cathedrals and markets
Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the
famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in
my opinion
Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 5
Generally ndash geralmente
Usually ndash usualmente
Sometimes ndash agraves vezes
Once a week ndash uma vez por semana
Twice a month ndash duas vezes por mecircs
Three times a year ndash trecircs vezes por ano
Four times a day ndash quatro vezes por dia
Every day ndash todo dia
Every morning ndash toda manhatilde
Every afternoon ndash toda tarde
Every night ndash toda noite
Every spring ndash toda primavera
Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
I WE YOU THEY
DONrsquoT LIKE
DO
I WE YOU THEY
LIKE
HE SHE IT
LIKES
HE SHE IT
DOESNrsquoT LIKE
DOES
HE SHE IT
LIKE
Na forma afirmativa vocecirc deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto Para as
pessoas I YOU WE THEY vocecirc conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no
infinitivo Para as terceiras pessoas (HE SHE IT) haacute algumas regras a saber
Se o verbo termina em o ch s ss sh x ou z acrescenta-se es para
formar a 3ordf pessoa do singular Exemplos
Go ndash goes
Catch ndash catches
Pass - passes
Brush ndash brushes
Fix ndash fixes
Buzz ndash buzzes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6
Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e
acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um
s Exemplos
Try ndash tries
Play ndash plays
Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma
afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o
verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo
She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)
Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc
deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila
DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do
infinitivo)
Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula
NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos
I donrsquot play the piano
She doesnrsquot play the piano
Exercises
Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular
I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John
goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together
After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He
plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so
while he plays I learn
A) Underline the correct verb form
1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently
2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work
3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer
4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin
5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7
B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning
C) Check the appropriate questions
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book
a- When does Jimmy read books
b- What does he read
2- Yes I do I use the computer every day
a- What do you do everyday
b- Do you use the computer every day
3- Denise works at the hospital
a- When does she work at the hospital
b- Where does she work
4- We go to school in the morning
a- Where do you go in the morning
b- Do you go to school in the morning
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter
Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting
many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums
churches cathedrals and markets
Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the
famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in
my opinion
Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 6
Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante troca-se o y por i e
acrescenta-se es Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um
s Exemplos
Try ndash tries
Play ndash plays
Outra coisa importante a saber eacute que ao passar uma frase da forma
afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc deve observar se estaacute se usando o
verbo na 3ordf pessoa Observe a frase abaixo
She plays the piano very well (estaacute na 3ordf pessoa do singular)
Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa vocecirc
deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo Observe a mudanccedila
DOES She play the piano very well (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do
infinitivo)
Para a forma negativa vocecirc utiliza os auxiliares DODOES + partiacutecula
NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL Exemplos
I donrsquot play the piano
She doesnrsquot play the piano
Exercises
Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular
I work in a bank and my friend John works there too I walk to work but John
goes by bus We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together
After work I go to night school and I study until late John has more fun He
plays football with his friends or goes to the disco But I want a better job so
while he plays I learn
A) Underline the correct verb form
1- They (speakspeaks) English fluently
2- Do you (dodoes) voluntary work
3- Charles doesnrsquot (knowknows) how to use the computer
4- My friends (livelives) in Dublin
5- He (isare) a doctor and (workworks) in a large hospital
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7
B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning
C) Check the appropriate questions
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book
a- When does Jimmy read books
b- What does he read
2- Yes I do I use the computer every day
a- What do you do everyday
b- Do you use the computer every day
3- Denise works at the hospital
a- When does she work at the hospital
b- Where does she work
4- We go to school in the morning
a- Where do you go in the morning
b- Do you go to school in the morning
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter
Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting
many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums
churches cathedrals and markets
Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the
famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in
my opinion
Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 7
B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 800 am to 600 pm
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning
C) Check the appropriate questions
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book
a- When does Jimmy read books
b- What does he read
2- Yes I do I use the computer every day
a- What do you do everyday
b- Do you use the computer every day
3- Denise works at the hospital
a- When does she work at the hospital
b- Where does she work
4- We go to school in the morning
a- Where do you go in the morning
b- Do you go to school in the morning
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter
Here I am in London Itrsquos a fantastic city a mix of past and present Irsquom visiting
many beautiful places gardens parks squares castles palaces museums
churches cathedrals and markets
Itrsquos easy to use the local public transport such as the tube the buses and the
famous double-decker bus But Irsquom not using the cabs They are unattractive in
my opinion
Irsquom writing from Westminster Abbey the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066 Itrsquos the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 8
Tomorrow Irsquom going to Greenwich by boat along The Thames River This is
one of my old wishes
Kisses
Agnes
Reading Comprehension
1) Para Agnes Londres impressiona
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas
b- Pelo nuacutemero de castelos palaacutecios e galerias de arte
c- Pelo grande nuacutemero de jardins praccedilas e templos
d- Pela combinaccedilatildeo de elementos antigos e modernos
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga
2) Agnes estaacute visitando muitos lugares em Londres dentre eles
a- Jardins parques praccedilas e bibliotecas
b- Castelos palaacutecios museus e shoppings
c- Igrejas catedrais mercados e estaacutedios
d- Pontes praccedilas castelos e palaacutecios
e- Praccedilas castelos palaacutecios e museus
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que
a- Eacute faacutecil andar a peacute em Londres
b- Os taacutexis londrinos satildeo caros
c- Natildeo gostou do visual dos taacutexis londrinos
d- Jaacute andou de ocircnibus e de metrocirc em Londres
e- Natildeo estaacute usando as famosas cabines telefocircnicas de Londres
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contiacutenuo eacute um tempo verbal que expressa uma accedilatildeo que estaacute
acontecendo no momento Por exemplo Eu estou lendo agora A accedilatildeo de ler
estaacute acontecendo no momento portanto o tempo verbal eacute o presente contiacutenuo
Aleacutem disto devemos saber tambeacutem que este tempo verbal eacute composto isto eacute
possui mais de um elemento em sua foacutermula Jaacute conhecemos um desses
elementos que eacute o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente e o outro elemento eacute o
geruacutendio do verbo principal
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 9
O geruacutendio em inglecircs eacute formado com o infinitivo do verbo sem a partiacutecula to
mais a terminaccedilatildeo ing no final
A terminaccedilatildeo ing em inglecircs corresponde agraves terminaccedilotildees -ando -endo -indo -
ondo
Faccedilamos um paralelo com a liacutengua portuguesa
Liacutengua Portuguesa Liacutengua Inglesa
Infinitivo Geruacutendio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing
Atenccedilatildeo
Verbos terminados em e como exemplo ldquoto composerdquo (compor) trocam o
e pelo i da forma do geruacutendio ndash ing Ex
To close ndash closing (fechar)
Atenccedilatildeo
O infinitivo em inglecircs eacute formado pela partiacutecula to (que natildeo tem traduccedilatildeo
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo Observe
To go ndash ir
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Go ndash raiz do verbo
To study ndash estudar
To ndash partiacutecula de infinitivo
Study ndash raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo a sua traduccedilatildeo corresponderaacute
sempre aos finais ndashar -er -ir -or Ex
To read ndash ler
Concluindo o presente contiacutenuo tem a seguinte foacutermula verbo to be + verbo
principal no geruacutendio
Assim como todo tempo verbal o presente contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contiacutenuo na tabela abaixo
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 10
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
Irsquom working
Yoursquore working
Hersquos working
Shersquos working
Itrsquos working
Wersquore working
Yoursquore working
Theyrsquore working
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Irsquom not working
You arenrsquot working
He isnrsquot working
She isnrsquot working
It isnrsquot working
We arenrsquot working
You arenrsquot working
They arenrsquot working
Eu natildeo estou trabalhando
Vocecirc natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ele natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Ela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Eleela natildeo estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes natildeo estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas natildeo estatildeo trabalhando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Am I working
Are you working
Is he working
Is she working
Is it working
Are we working
Are you working
Are they working
(Natildeo se faz a
contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estou trabalhando
Vocecirc estaacute trabalhando
Ele estaacute trabalhando
Ela estaacute trabalhando
Eleela estaacute trabalhando
Noacutes estamos trabalhando
Vocecircs estatildeo trabalhando
Eleselas estatildeo trabalhando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 11
Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with ndashing
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parecircnteses no geruacutendio para completar
as frases
a- I am _______________ a composition (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here (to come)
c- You are _______________ now (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography (to study)
Nas questotildees abaixo escolha a alternativa correta
3) (UC-MG) Donrsquot talk so loud The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother Finally the girl came along ldquoAre
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 12
you carrying that basket to your grandmotherrdquo asked the wolf The little girl
didnrsquot know what to answer but then she said yes The wolf asked her where
her grandmotherrsquos house was and the little girl told him ldquoDid you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmotherrsquosrdquo the wolf explained to her by
indicating a road The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood
When the little girl entered her grandmotherrsquos house she saw that there was
somebody in bed wearing a nightcap and a nightgown When she approached
the bed she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket sprayed onto the
wolfrsquos eyes and called the police
Moral Itrsquos not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto eacute um (a)
a- Histoacuteria infantil
b- Paroacutedia de uma faacutebula
c- Paraacutebola
d- Conto de fadas
e- Histoacuteria da carochinha
2) No texto as palavras ldquolittle girlrdquo satildeo uma alusatildeo a
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers
b- Snow-White
c- Slepping Beauty
d- Little Red-Cap
e- Cinderella
3) Que palavra em inglecircs melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto
a- Ill-mannered
b- Hobo
c- Deceiver
d- Tramp
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 13
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples eacute usado para referir a eventos accedilotildees ou situaccedilotildees que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluiacutedas
isto eacute o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido
Usa-se quando se indica uma accedilatildeo completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado num tempo especiacutefico Apareceraacute sempre expliacutecita ou implicitamente
na frase um complemento (adveacuterbio) definindo o tempo em que a accedilatildeo foi
executada como yesterday last weekmonthyearnight two years ago etc
Exemplo I met Gloria last Monday Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DODOES para formar sentenccedilas negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoasO passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Sujeito + verbo regirreg Sem to He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to He didnrsquot go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo Did He go to the beach last Sunday
Noacutes apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
eacute a questatildeo dos dois tipos de verbos regulares e irregulares Os verbos
regulares formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo Jaacute os verbos irregulares natildeo formam o preteacuterito e o particiacutepio passado
com ndashed e sim tecircm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo
Ao acrescentar ndashed para formar o preteacuterito alguns verbos sofrem alteraccedilatildeo na
grafia Veja o quadro abaixo
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d hope= hoped
Verbos de uma siacutelaba terminados em consoante precedida de uma uacutenica vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de acrescentar ndashed stop= stoppedrob= robbed
Verbo de duas siacutelabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 14
segunda tocircnica acrescentar ndashed prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante o Y eacute substituiacutedo por ied Se precedido de vogal acrescenta-se apenas ndashed study= studiedplay= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se ndashd die= diedlie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMARACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANCcedilAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTARPEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIRROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDARTROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 15
CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANCcedilAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIRGOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABARTERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTARAPRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARARCONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMARGRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDARSOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORARVIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O OcircNIBUSETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVERMUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISARNECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIARPOSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCARJOGARBRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 16
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERED
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZARSALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMECcedilAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALARCONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVARSABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATED
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAREXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUCcedilAtildeO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIRLEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTARACORDAR
BE WASWERE BEEN SERESTAR
BEAR BOREBARE BORNE SUPORTARAGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATERDERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMECcedilAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATARAMARRARENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATARAPANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANCcedilAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTARRASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDARTRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVARESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBERTOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTARCOMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DEESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 18
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIROBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOERTRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATERACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURARAGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIRMAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDARCONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID POcircRCOLOCARBOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVARCONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXARPARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXARPERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADOJAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONARDESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINOTELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURARBUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 19
SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTARFAZER UMA INCISAtildeO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEARPLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRERAPRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHARESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHARFENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PEacute
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLARFINCARCRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROARPICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORCcedilAREMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURARPRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANCcedilAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZERCONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSARACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSARLANCcedilARATIRAR
UNDERSTAND
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDERCOMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USARVESTIRTRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECERTRANCcedilAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHARUMEDECER
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 20
WIN WON WON VENCERGANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLARSERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMERTORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA Os verbos awake burn dream light wake podem ser regulares ou seja formando o passado simples pelo acreacutescimo de ED (awaked burned dreamed lighted waked respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parecircnteses
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 730 (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenccedilas do presente simples para o passado simples
a- They speak Italian very well
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 21
a- Iclubwenttotheyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- DidwatchyouTVyesterday
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- IFaustatildeoSundaylastwatchdidnacutet
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- IcarnivalwentEnglandtoin
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent
The lady went into the bathhouse turned on the taps and got into the nice
warm water But while she was taking her shower she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole She go out dressed and
ran outside She saw an old man there He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other In front of him were two funnels
lsquoWhy were you watching me in my bathrsquo the lady asked him angrily
The man answered politely lsquoI have to see which tap you turn on madam so I
know if I pour in hot or cold waterrsquo
Reading Comprehension
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 22
1) Baseando-se no texto assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F)
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator
b- The English lady was probably a visitor
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India
i- The man frightened the lady
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contiacutenuo eacute formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no geruacutendio
O geruacutendio em inglecircs tem o final ndashing que corresponde em portuguecircs aos
finais
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para expressar uma accedilatildeo contiacutenua no passado isto
eacute uma accedilatildeo que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado
Exemplos
They were sleeping at ten orsquo clock pm last night
(Eles estavam dormindo agraves dez horas ontem agrave noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhatilde)
O passado contiacutenuo tambeacutem eacute usado para expressar duas accedilotildees ao mesmo
tempo no passado
Geralmente estas accedilotildees satildeo ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto) Exemplos
T F
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 23
The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composiccedilatildeo)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping
(Noacutes estaacutevamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal o passado contiacutenuo se estrutura em 3 formas
baacutesicas Observe a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contiacutenuo
na tabela abaixo
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
I was buying You were buying He was buying She was buying It was buying We were buying You were buying They were buying
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I was not buying You were not buying He was not buying She was not buying It was not buying We were not buying You were not buying They were not buying
I wasnrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying He wasnrsquot buying She wasnrsquot buying It wasnrsquot buying We werenrsquot buying You werenrsquot buying They werenrsquot buying
Eu natildeo estava comprando Vocecirc natildeo estava comprando Ele natildeo estava comprando Ela natildeo estava comprando Eleela natildeo estava comprando Noacutes natildeo estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs natildeo estavam comprando Eleselas natildeo estavam comprando
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem Contraccedilatildeo Forma Contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Was I buying Were You buying Was He buying Was She buying Was It buying Were We buying Were You buying Were They buying
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu estava comprando Vocecirc estava comprando Ele estava comprando Ela estava comprando Eleela estava comprando Noacutes estaacutevamos comprando Vocecircs estavam comprando Eleselas estavam comprando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 24
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contiacutenuo dos verbos entre
parecircnteses
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 orsquo clock last night (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while
a- Dad was shavingMom was taking a shower
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountainPeter and Fred were fishing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cookingWe were setting the table
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironingMary was preparing lunch
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa
a- Mr Harrison was smoking
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 25
CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs
Many times when eggs are boiled you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly that boiling
needs to be carefully timed in order to prevent this discoloration After boiling
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken Iron in the
form iron (II) ions reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
Satildeo verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto agrave accedilatildeo do verbo principal Eles
possuem as seguintes caracteriacutesticas
Natildeo satildeo precedidos pela partiacutecula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela
com exceccedilatildeo de ought to
Nas formas interrogativas e negativas natildeo satildeo auxiliados por
dodoesdid
Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he she it) no presente natildeo recebem s
Natildeo satildeo conjugados no futuro com will e natildeo satildeo usados nos tempos
contiacutenuos
Os verbos modais satildeo
Can may must should
Observe o quadro abaixo
Verbo Sinocircnimo Traduccedilatildeo Significado Tempo Passado
Can To be able to Poder Conseguir
Saber Capacidade Fiacutesica Habilidade Possibilidade Permissatildeo (informal)
Could
Examples We can swim well She can speak English It can be dangerous Can I help you He could drive at night some time ago
May To be possible Poder Possibilidade
Permissatildeo (formal) Might
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 26
Examples May I help you The weather may change He asked if he might come in
Must To have (to) Ter
Precisar Dever
Obrigaccedilatildeo Necessidade Deduccedilatildeo
Had (to)
Examples You must pay taxes We must eat to live She must be happy
Should Ought to Dever Obrigaccedilatildeo Moral Conselho
Examples They should eat less We should respect the others
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot canrsquot
Could Could not couldnrsquot
May May not maynrsquot
Might Might not mightnrsquot
Must Must not mustnrsquot
Should Should not shouldnrsquot
Ought to Ought not oughtnrsquot
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaccedilos em branco com can ou may
a- He is very competent He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job
b- How ______ I get to the station please
c- The train ______ arrived any moment
d- ______ you play the keyboard
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here but it is not probable
f- Irsquom not sure but he ______ help us
2) Use could ou might
a- Irsquom not sure but he ________ ask you a question
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant
c- Hersquos afraid you ________ be wrong Your Excellency
d- I would change the world if I could ________
e- He ________ leave today but the chances are very few
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando must ou should
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours
b- I have something to tell her but I donrsquot know if I ________ or not
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 27
c- What a beautiful house It ________ belong to a very rich person
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road please
e- I havenrsquot seen her for ages She ________ be very pretty
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a childrsquos life are critical the experts tell us Thatrsquos when
their characters are formed Thatrsquos when caring counts Someone to show them
how to do things Someone just to hold them
Unfortunately for many of the worldrsquos children thatrsquos just what they donrsquot get
And society suffers as a result ndash because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult Some of us believe we can change things ndash or
at least try And we need your help No donrsquot reach for your pocket Itrsquos not your
money ndash itrsquos YOU we want In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives Maybe
yoursquoll help one to read to play a game to learn to laugh Maybe yoursquoll just be
the hand that holds out a little hopehellip
COME ON ndash HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA ndash INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source Newsweek
Reading Comprehension
1) Look at the title subtitle and logo Complete with the information
a- Text type (in Portuguese)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title ldquoGive a kid a handrdquo invites the reader
a- To help a child
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 28
b- To take a child for a walk
c- To donate organs
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na liacutengua inglesa temos dois tipos de substantivos os contaacuteveis e os
incontaacuteveis De modo geral apresentam caracteriacutesticas bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura sendo assim eacute possiacutevel caracterizaacute-los da
seguinte forma
Contaacuteveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural No singular satildeo precedidos pelo artigo indefinido aan
(umuma)
Exemplos
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhatildeo)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontaacuteveis ndash substantivos abstratos que natildeo podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam mateacuterias e substacircncias em sentido geral
Estes substantivos natildeo ocorrem no plural e natildeo satildeo precedidos por artigo
indefinido (aan) ou numerais (one two etc)
Exemplos
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressotildees comuns
How much (quanto) Too much (demais)
So much (tanto) Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos natildeo contaacuteveis
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 29
Little (pouco)
Few (pouco) How many (quantos)
Many (muito) Too many (demais) So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contaacuteveis
Exemplos
We donrsquot have much work around here (Noacutes natildeo temos muito trabalho por
aqui)
There arenrsquot many jobs ( Natildeo existem muitos empregos)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades)
Dicas
1 Some e any satildeo determinantes Noacutes os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontaacuteveis
Would you like some ice cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um sorvete)
Would you like some of this ice-cream (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete)
2 Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos aan
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um nuacutemero indefinido Compare
Have you got an aspirin (substantivo singular contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem uma
aspirina
Have you got any aspirins (substantivo plural contaacutevel) Vocecirc tem aspirinas
I need some medicine (substantivo incontaacutevel) Eu preciso de medicaccedilatildeo
3 Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas Compare
I want some pencils (Eu preciso de alguns laacutepis)
Have you got any pencils (Vocecirc natildeo tem nenhum laacutepis)
4 Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada eou esperada for
positiva Por exemplo em oferecimentos ou pedidos
Would you like some more water (Vocecirc gostaria de um pouco mais de aacutegua)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 30
Exercises
1) Complete with much or many
a- ______________ are the families that are poor
b- I donrsquot eat _______________ bread during the day
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom
d- I heard ______________ news about the war
e- My father doesnrsquot have ________________ hair Hersquos half bald
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses
a- We received _________________________ (many ndash a great deal of)
information about the subject
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of ndash
lots of) luggage
c- Irsquom sorry but I donrsquot have ____________________ (plenty ndash much) to
say
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of ndash many) knowledge
e- __________________ (Many ndash A great deal of) children live in poverty
3) Choose few or little
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play
CHAPTER 7
Air water sand or snow If you had 3 days off and money to spend what sport
would you choose
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding
They also result in the most injuries ndash concussions and fractures
The injuries can be very serious causing long-term physical disability Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis Brazil in 1986
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 31
It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes It is less popular than snowboarding maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run One of
the best sportrsquos best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune in Rio Grande do
Norte
Surfing
Itacareacute is a good place for surfing in Bahia The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf If you canrsquot paddle you
wonrsquot catch any waves
Reading Comprehension
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text
a- Aprender a cair direito eacute fundamental (texto 1)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se vocecirc natildeo remar natildeo vai pegar ondas (texto 3)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 32
Para fazermos comparaccedilotildees na liacutengua inglesa a primeira coisa que temos que
observar eacute o ldquotamanhordquo dos adjetivos em questatildeo se satildeo ldquolongosrdquo ou ldquocurtosrdquo
Natildeo existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificaccedilatildeo geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo eacute curto quando possui duas siacutelabas no maacuteximo
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndasher no adjetivo
Exemplos Mary is older than Lucy = Mary eacute mais velha que Lucy
He is younger than Bill = Ele eacute mais jovem que Bill
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo ndashest no adjetivo
Exemplos Yoko is the tallest girl here = Yoko eacute a mais alta garota aqui
Peter is the oldest student = Pedro eacute o estudante mais velho
Obs No caso dos adjetivos ldquogoodrdquo e ldquobadrdquo teremos formas particulares
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquomore + adjetivordquo
Exemplos My car is more expensive than your = Meu carro eacute mais caro do que
o seu
French is more difficult than English = Francecircs eacute mais difiacutecil do que Inglecircs
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura ldquothe most + adjetivordquo
Exemplos Ferrari is the most expensive car = Ferrari eacute o carro mais caro
Suzana is the most intelligent girl = Suzana eacute a garota mais inteligente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 33
Exercises
1) Complete the sentences Use morehellip than or the mosthellip
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I study
e- In my opinion cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses
2) Use lesshellip than or the leasthellip
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the problem
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the room
3) Complete the sentences with ashellipas and the words given
a- The red blouse is (cheapskirt) ___________________________
b- I am (hungrythe children) _____________________________
c- Grace is (beautifulSally) _____________________________
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________
e- Arenrsquot you going to help me I am (tiredyou) __________________________
CHAPTER 8
James amp Janersquos Restaurant The best cuisine in town
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 34
Sundayrsquos Menu ndash 10 for services added to your bill
SOUP Onion soup (with bread amp cheese)helliphelliphelliphellip $350 SALAD Tomato amp Lettucehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $200 Mixed salad (onion olive radish cauliflower cucumber Watercress red pepper amp lemon)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$350 BEEF Rump steak (with fried potatoes rice amp eggs)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Roast beef (with beans rice amp eggs) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1000 Mixed barbecue ndash rare or well-done (with rice amp fried potatoes)helliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1250 SEA FOOD Shrimp (with Greek rice)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$1450 Lobster (with rice amp sauce)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$3000 Codfish (with rice potatoes and lemon halves)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$2500
POULTRY Grilled duck (with broccoli amp spinach)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$600 Crispy chicken (with rice fried potatoes amp sauce)helliphellip$550 PASTA Eggplant or Calabrian pizzahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$500 Spaghetti (with cheese amp tomato sauce)$600 DESSERT Pudding (several flavors)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Apple tarthelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$200 BEVERAGE Wine (bottle)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$800 Whiskyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Mineral waterhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$050 Juices (melon passion fruit peach grape)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100 Beerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$150 Liqueurhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$300 Coffeehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$100
Reading Comprehension
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence agraveaao
a- Jane
b- James e agrave Jane
c- Uma rede de restaurantes
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Janersquos
e- James
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto eacute um empreacutestimo da liacutengua
francesa usado em inglecircsEsta palavra tambeacutem pode ser
encontrada em
a- Teclados de computador
b- Paineacuteis de carros
c- Bulas de remeacutedio
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla
e- Receitas meacutedicas
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 35
3) O fragmento ldquo10 for services added to your billrdquo certamente
corresponde em inglecircs a
a- Seasoning
b- Bribery
c- Fine
d- Tax
e- Tip
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apoacutestrofo () seguido ou natildeo de s eacute tiacutepico da Liacutengua Inglesa Eacute usado basicamente para mostrar que algo pertence ou estaacute associado a algueacutem ou a algum elemento O s vem apoacutes o nome do possuidor que precederaacute sempre a coisa pertencente Veja
The name of the boy is Joseph = the boys name is Joseph (boy = possuidor e name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto eacute Joseph)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The countrys invaders influenced the language (country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do paiacutes influenciaram a liacutengua)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Joness diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e diary = pertencente) (O diaacuterio de Bridget Jones)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case
Situaccedilatildeo de uso e orientaccedilatildeo Exemplos
1) A forma com s eacute somente usada quando o possuidor eacute um ser animado o que abrange pessoas e animais aleacutem de nomes proacuteprios parentes em todos os graus tiacutetulos cargos funccedilotildees profissotildees e outros substantivos que soacute podem se referir a pessoas crianccedila menino(a) amigo(a) vizinho(a) colega de escola ou trabalho etc
The Queens popularity (a popularidade da rainha) - E natildeo The popularity of the Queen The governors daughter (a filha do governador) My neighbors house (a casa do meu vizinho) The childrens toys (os brinquedos das crianccedilas) The elephants trunk (a tromba do elefante)
2) Natildeo podem levar s os seres inanimados (coisas lugares e substantivos abstratos) nesses casos normalmente se usa a estrutura substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new painting (As paredes da minha casa estatildeo precisando de uma nova pintura) - house = coisa The roof of my house however was
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 36
substantivo composto fixed one month ago (O teto da minha casa no entanto foi consertado haacute um mecircs) - house = coisa The door of the car ou the car door (a porta do carro) - car = coisa The leg of the table ou the table leg (o peacute da mesa) - table = coisa Madrid is the Capital of Spain (Madri eacute capital da Espanha) - Spain = lugarpaiacutes Do you know the cause of the problem (Vocecirc sabe a causa do problema) - problem = substantivo abstrato
3) No entanto haacute algumas exceccedilotildees para a aplicaccedilatildeo de s em seres inanimados Eacute o caso de tempo medidas lugares com nomes de pessoas paiacuteses corpos celestes a Terra o mundo nomes que representam um grupo de pessoas (company team government etc) pessoas juriacutedicas e similares Assim pode-se dizer
a days work (um trabalho de um dia) - day= tempo a two weeks vacation (feacuterias de duas semanas) - two weeks = tempo in a years time (em um ano) - um ano = tempo St Peters Cathedral (Catedral de Satildeo Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa The moons surface (a superfiacutecie lunar) The Earths atmosphere (a atmosfera da Terra)
Saturns rings (os aneacuteis de saturno) a Kilos weight of sugar (um kilo de accediluacutecar) - medida de massa two hundred meters walk (uma caminhada de duzentos metros) - medida de distacircncia the worlds highest mountains (as montanhas mais altas do mundo) Brazils foreingn debt (a diacutevida externa brasileira) The companys staff (o quadro de funcionaacuterios da empresa) The Armys traditions (as tradiccedilotildees do Exeacutercito)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s acrescenta-se apenas (apoacutestrofo)
The princess title (o tiacutetulo da princesa) The workers tools (as ferramentas dos trabalhadores) The soldiers victory (a vitoacuteria dos soldados) The girls uniforms (os uniformes das
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 37
garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural natildeo termina em -s acrescenta-se s
The childrens imagination (a imaginaccedilatildeo das crianccedilas) womens toilet (banheiro feminino) The mices nest (o ninho de camundongos)
6) Nomes proacuteprios ou sobrenomes terminados em -s acrescenta-se s ou apenas
Mr Jones house ou Mr Joness house (a casa do sr Jones) Mrs Williams children ou Mrs Williamss children (os filhos da sra Williams) Myriah Cummings letters ou Myriah Cummingss letters (as cartas de Myriah Cummings) - Charles Dennis Francis Lurdes Marcos Thomas etc
7) Com nomes proacuteprios reconhecidamente histoacutericos claacutessicos ou biacuteblicos terminados em -s eacute mais comum a estrura substantivo + of + substantivo mas tambeacutem pode ser usado o apoacutestrofo
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus teachings (os ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses laws (as leis de Moiseacutes)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias Book (o Livro de Jeremias)
(Euripedes Archimedes Hercules Brahms Getuacutelio Vargas Villa-Lobos Tiradentes etc)
8) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de algo em comum acrescenta-se s apenas ao uacuteltimo dos nuacutecleos
Charles and Dianas wedding (O casamento de Charles e Diana) - um casamento de duas pessoas Sally and Susans car (o carro de Sally e de Susan) - um carro soacute pertencente agraves duas
9) Quando haacute mais de um nuacutecleo possuidor de coisas diferentes todos os nuacutecleos recebem s
mens and womens clothes (roupas de homens e roupas de mulheres) Bobs and Janes parents (os pais de Bob ne os pais de Jane) Nicoles and Jannas voices (a voz de Nicole ne a voz de Janna)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 38
Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo
a- Farm ndash Mr Newman
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend ndash Catherine
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog ndash The boy
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faccedila frases usando o caso genitivo
f- Toys ndash The children
_______________________________ are on the floor
b- Dress ndash Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow
c- Pants ndash Chris
______________________________ are on the bed
d- Apartment ndash Mr And Mrs Patton
_______________________________ is in New York
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university They are
coming back home after a hard day of study
Linda ndash You arenrsquot tired are you Julie
Julie ndash No Irsquom not Why Linda
Linda ndash Irsquom going to the shopping center this evening You are going with me
arenrsquot you
Julie ndash Of course I am I need to buy some books What about Cynthia you
asked her to come with us didnrsquot you
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 39
Linda ndash Yes shersquoll meet us there
Julie ndash She wonrsquot be late will she
Linda ndash Well she said shersquoll be there by 8 orsquoclock After shopping we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant canrsquot we
Julie ndash Thatrsquos great And after that we can go to the movies There is a good film
on at the ldquoCourt Cinemardquo They say itrsquos excellent
Linda ndash Yes it was nominated for the ldquoOscarrdquo wasnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it is
Linda ndash This film takes 3 hours doesnrsquot it
Julie ndash Yes it does Letrsquos see it next week then
Linda ndash Ok Julie
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
Eacute uma pequena pergunta feita apoacutes uma frase com a intenccedilatildeo de confirmar a
declaraccedilatildeo expressa por ela
Quando a frase for afirmativa a ldquoquestion tagrdquo seraacute negativa e vice-versa
Para se formar a ldquoquestion tagrdquo ela deveraacute estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior Ela eacute formada por dois termos o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase agrave qual se refere Se o sujeito for um nome deveraacute ser
substituiacutedo por um pronome do caso reto
Importante
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ordf pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteraccedilatildeo que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag Veja
I am not a geologist am I
I am a physicist arenrsquot I
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada
1 The game begins at 8 __________
2 He speaks to himself __________
3 Claudia will feed the pigeons __________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 40
4 Ted broke his arm __________
5 They didnrsquot write me a letter __________
6 The traffic was heavy this morning __________
7 Tony made some mistakes __________
8 You arenrsquot at home __________
9 The wood is burning __________
10 They flew to Africa __________
11 He doesnrsquot take a bus to work __________
12 There is a park near here __________
13 George wasnrsquot angry __________
14 You can swim well __________
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city He works downtown at
the Federal High Court He works hard all day long in his office sometimes
overtime but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle
Hersquoll drive there with his wife for the weekend First hersquoll clean the car because
itrsquos very dirty Then hersquoll check the tyres
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you fill up the radiator dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes I will
Mrs Kraft ndash Will you put water into the battery too
Mr Kraft ndash Yes dear I will put water into the battery
Mrs Kraft ndash Will we have time for lunch dear
Mr Kraft ndash Yes we will but we wonrsquot have time for dessert
Mrs Kraft ndash What time do you think wersquoll get there
Mr Kraft ndash I think wersquoll get there nearly 5 orsquoclock pm
Mrs Kraft ndash Oh thatrsquos great Wersquoll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool
then
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples eacute usado para expressar accedilotildees que iratildeo acontecer Ele eacute
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 41
O auxiliar WILL eacute usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal Portanto sua conjugaccedilatildeo seraacute sempre igual para todas as pessoas
Vejamos a conjugaccedilatildeo do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo
Forma contraiacuteda
Traduccedilatildeo
I will go You will go He will go She will go
It will go We will go You will go They will go
Irsquoll go Yoursquoll go Hersquoll go Shersquoll go
Itrsquoll go Wersquoll go Yoursquoll go Theyrsquoll go
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I will not go You will not go He will not go She will not go
It will not go We will not go You will not go They will not go
I wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go He wonrsquot go She wonrsquot go
It wonrsquot go We wonrsquot go You wonrsquot go They wonrsquot go
Eu natildeo irei Vocecirc natildeo iraacute Ele natildeo iraacute Ela natildeo iraacute
Eleela natildeo iraacute Noacutes natildeo iremos Vocecircs natildeo iratildeo
Eleselas natildeo iratildeo
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Will I go Will you go Will he go Will she go Will it go
Will we go Will you go Will they go
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu irei Vocecirc iraacute Ele iraacute Ela iraacute
Eleela iraacute Noacutes iremos Vocecircs iratildeo
Eleselas iratildeo
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parecircnteses Use a
forma por extenso
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 42
d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada
a- She will make a test tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada
a-The referee will write the playerrsquos name on his book
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr Hopkins will come for dinner
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Wersquoll go home for the weekend
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa
a- Irsquoll have dinner with Mike tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 43
_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson
_______________________________________________________________
d- Yoursquoll take the train at 5 orsquoclock
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God itrsquos Sunday I am going to the beach with some friends We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach We are going to come back
home Itrsquos going to be a wonderful day
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traccedilar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizaacute-lo ou nos
referimos a uma accedilatildeo de intenccedilatildeo utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO Ex
Tonight Irsquom going to study for tomorrowrsquos test
Essa estrutura eacute usada tambeacutem para expressar uma accedilatildeo que iraacute ou poderaacute
acontecer em um futuro imediato Ex
Look at those dark clouds I think it is going to rain
Tambeacutem usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situaccedilatildeo perigosa Ex
Be careful Yoursquore going to break the glasses
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1 Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are going to spend our vacation in England
2 Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + ISARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL We are not going to spend our vacation in England
3 Forma Interrogativa
ISARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL Are you going to spend your vacation in England
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 44
Exercises
1) Faccedila frases no futuro imediato
a- Nick ndash study in the library
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You ndash write a love letter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child ndash eat an apple
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They ndash get up early tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 45
CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert
Man has built modern bridges dams power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers lakes and seas
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine
But there are so many things to do in the future
Man hasnrsquot found the cure for cancer yet
Man hasnrsquot finished with the wars
Man hasnrsquot solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems
Man hasnrsquot learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira
Sujeito + verbo havehas + particiacutepio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugaccedilatildeo to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa negativa e
interrogativa
1 Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
Irsquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Hersquos walked
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 46
She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
Shersquos walked
Itrsquos walked
Wersquove walked
Yoursquove walked
Theyrsquove walked
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
2 Forma Negativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
He hasnrsquot walked
She hasnrsquot walked
It hasnrsquot walked
We havenrsquot walked
You havenrsquot walked
They havenrsquot walked
Eu natildeo ando natildeo tenho andado
Vocecirc natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ele natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Ela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Eleela natildeo anda natildeo tem andado
Noacutes natildeo andamos natildeo temos andado
Vocecircs natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
Eleselas natildeo andam natildeo tem andado
3 Forma Interrogativa
Formas sem contraccedilatildeo Forma contraiacuteda Traduccedilatildeo
Have I walked
Have you walked
Has he walked
Has she walked
Has it walked
Have we walked
Have you walked
Have they walked
(Natildeo se faz a contraccedilatildeo)
Eu ando tenho andado
Vocecirc anda tem andado
Ele anda tem andado
Ela anda tem andado
Eleela anda tem andado
Noacutes andamos temos andado
Vocecircs andam tem andado
Eleselas andam tem andado
Usa-se o presente perfeito
1 Quando uma accedilatildeo ocorre no passado poreacutem sem que determinemos
o iniacutecio ou o fim dela (tempo indefinido) Exemplo
I have studied my lessons
(eu estudo tenho estudado minhas liccedilotildees)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a accedilatildeo no passado empregamos
o passado simples (tempo definido) Exemplo
I studied my lesson yesterday
(eu estudei minha liccedilatildeo ontem)
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 47
2 Quando a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
ateacute o presente momento Exemplo
I have worked here since 1970
(eu trabalho tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3 Quando a accedilatildeo se repete vaacuterias vezes no passado Exemplo
I have seen that film many times (Eu vi tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4 Para indicar uma accedilatildeo que acabou de ser feita Exemplo
He has just arrived
(ele acabou de chegar)
Adveacuterbios usados com o presente perfeito
Adveacuterbio Traduccedilatildeo Observaccedilotildees
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example The answers have always been the same As respostas tecircm sido sempre as mesmas
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example We have never had Latin classes (Noacutes) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim
Ever Jaacute alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example Have you ever studied Latin Vocecirc jaacute estudou latim
Already Jaacute Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se estaacute falando posicionamento entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase
Examples We have already heard this song (Noacutes) Jaacute ouvimos esta canccedilatildeo
I have had lunch already Eu jaacute almocei
Yet Jaacute Usado em oraccedilotildees interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa geralmente eacute posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example Have you eaten all your dessert yet Vocecirc jaacute comeu toda a sua sobremesa
Yet Ainda Usado no final de oraccedilotildees negativas
Example The train hasnrsquot arrived yet O trem natildeo chegou ainda
Just Muito recentemente
Expressa uma accedilatildeo que acabou de acontecer Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo auxiliar e o principal
Example Shersquos just lost her last chance Ela acaba acabou de perder sua uacuteltima chance
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example I havenrsquot gone to the theater lately Eu natildeo tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oraccedilatildeo
Example He has changed his job recently Ele mudou de emprego recentemente
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 48
Preposiccedilotildees e expressotildees de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito
Preposiccedilatildeo Expressatildeo Traduccedilatildeo
For Durante por
Example I have worked as a nurse for ten years Eu tenho trabalhado trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos
Since Desde
Example I have lived here since 1988 Eu tenho morado moro aqui desde 1988
So far up to now Ateacute agora
Example Up to now So far they havenrsquot told me the truth Ateacute agora eles natildeo me contaram a verdade
Observaccedilotildees
Have got has got Para indicar posse podemos usar as formas have got has got em vez de have has no presente simples Have got = have Has got = has Examples He has got some problems = He has some problems Ele tem alguns problemas What disease has he got = What disease does he have Que doenccedila ele tem Been (to) x gone (to) Usa-se been (to) para indicar que algueacutem foi e jaacute voltou de algum lugar Example Where have you been I have been to the park Onde vocecirc esteve Estive no parque Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou algueacutem foi embora para ficar uma temporaacuteria ou definitivamente Example My love has gone and Irsquom alone Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase
1 I __________ here for a week
( ) was ( ) have been
2 My teacher __________ sick for two days
( ) has been ( ) was
3 I __________ studying English since January
( ) have been ( ) studied
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 49
4 We ___________ in that firm since 1965
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5 My son __________ anything since Tuesday
( ) didnrsquot eat ( ) hasnrsquot eaten
6 They _____ just _____
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7 Mary _____ just _____ out
( ) went ( ) has gone
8 I _____ just _____ my book
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9 She _____ already _____ the bill
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10 They _____ already _____ their homework
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place What have you been eating Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together He was a one-armed
boy
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees My
father was a blond-haired man
Now the candle of her life has been burning down She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way The same old woods
still remains over there down the road And she thinks to herself ldquoOh life is a
short dreamrdquo
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal eacute usado para enfatizar a accedilatildeo que comeccedilou no passado e
tem continuidade ateacute o presente momento Exemplos
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 50
How long have you been studying English
Irsquove been studying English for two years
I have been studying English since last year
How long have you been reading this book
I have been reading this book for one year
Irsquove been reading this book since Saturday
How long have you been driving
I have been driving since I was a child
Irsquove been driving since October
How long has it been raining
It has been raining for five hours
Itrsquos been raining for one hour
For + periacuteodo de tempo= noacutes usamos para quando noacutes dissermos um periacuteodo
de tempo
Since + data especiacutefica= noacutes dizemos o iniacutecio do periacuteodo
IrsquoVE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 orsquoclock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faccedila questotildees usando how long e o presente perfeito contiacutenuo
a- Gary repairs computers
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 51
b- They paint pictures
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglecircs usando o presente perfeito
contiacutenuo
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocecircs estatildeo almoccedilando ultimamente
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Noacutes natildeo estamos assistindo televisatildeo desde o mecircs passado
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Haacute quanto tempo ela estaacute nos esperando
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now
INGLEcircS ndash 1ordm ANO ENSINO MEacuteDIO TEacuteCNICO - 2015 Paacutegina 52
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenccedilas usando o presente perfeito contiacutenuo ou o
presente contiacutenuo
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now Jane
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)
e- Can you please call back later My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now