100 de thi hoc sinh gioi hoa

7/29/2019 100 de Thi Hoc Sinh Gioi Hoa

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Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************

s 1Cu 1:C 3 cht: Al, Mg, Al2O3. Ch c dng mt ha cht lm thuc th hy phn bit 3 cht trn?Cu 2: Mui X va tc dng vi dung dch HCl va tc dng vi dung dich NaOH. Hi mui X thuc loi mui trung ha h

axit? Cho v d minh ha?Cu 3: nh ngha phn ng trao i? iu kin phn ng trao i xy ra? Cho v d minh ha? Phn ng trung ha c p

l phn ng trao i khng?Cu 4: Kh CO2 c iu ch bng cch phn ng gia HCl v CaCO3 c ln hi nc v HCl. Lm th no thu c Ctinh khit?Cu 5: Mt oxit kim loi c cng thc l MxOy, trong M chim 72,41% khi lng. Kh hon ton oxit ny bng kh COc 16,8 gam kim loi M. Ha tan lng M bng HNO3 c nng thu c mui M ha tr III v 0,9 mol kh NO2 . Vit cphng trnh phn ng v x nh oxit kim loi

6. Nung m gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A v B u c ha tr II. Sau mt thi gian thu c 3,3lt kh CO2 (ktc) v cn li hn hp rn Y. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl d ri cho kh thot ra hp th hoton bi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 15 gam kt ta. Phn dung dch c cn c 32,5 gam hn hp mui khan. Vit cphng trnh phn ng v tnh m ?12. Cho 5,22 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi (hp cht X) tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 . Phn ng gii phng ra gm0,336 lit NO v x lit kh CO2. Cc th tch kh c o iu kin tiu chun. Hy xc nh mui cacbonat kim loi v tn

th tch kh CO2 (x) ?13. Cho mt lng Cu2S tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 un nng. Phn ng to ra dung dch A1 v gii phng kh A2 khmu, b ha nu trong khng kh. Chia A1 thnh 2 phn. Thm BaCl2 vo phn 1, thy kt ta trng A3 khng tan trong axit dThm mt lng d NH3vo phn 2, ng thi khuy u hn hp, thu c dung dch A4 c mu xanh lam m.a) Hy ch ra A1, A2, A3, A4 l g?b) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc m t qu trnh nu trn?14. t cacbon trong khnh kh nhit cao, c hn hp kh A. Cho A tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng c kh B vhn hp rn C. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c kt ta K v dung dch D, un si D li c kt ta K. Chotan trong dung dch HCl thu c kh v dung dcg E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c hn hp kt ta hirxiNung F trong khng kh c xit duy nht. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng?15. Fe + O2 A

A + HCl B + C + H2OB + NaOH D + GC + NaOH E + G

Dng phn ng ha hc no chuyn D thnh E? Bit rng B + Cl2 C.16. Cho mt lung hir d ln lt i qua cc ng mc ni tip sau y:

CaO CuO Al2O3 Fe2O3 Na2O. Sau ly cc cht cn li trong ng cho tc dng ln lt vi CO2 , vdung dch HCl v AgNO3.

Vit tt c cc phng trnh xy ra?17. C 5 mu kim loi : Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch c dung dich H2SO4 long c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi n18. Cho 4 kim loi A, B, C, D c mu gn ging nhau ln lt tc dng vi HNO3 c, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOHthu c kt qu nh sau:

A B C D

HNO3HClNaOH

-++

-+-

+--

++-

Hi chng l cc kim loi gh trong cc kim loi sau y :Mg, Fe, Ag, Al, Cu? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng, bitrng kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 c ch c kh mu nu bay ra.19. Kh 2,4 g hn h CuO v mt st oxit bng hir thy cn li 1,76 g cht rn. Nu ly cht rn ha tan bng dung

dch HCl th thot ra 0,448 lt kh (ktc) . Xc nh cng thc ca st oxit. Bit rng s mol ca 2 oxit trong hn hp bng nh20. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt loi mui clorua kp xKCl.yMgCl2.zH2O(mui A) ngi ta tin hnh 2 th nghim sau:

- Nung 11,1 g mui thu c 6,78 g mui khan.

********************************************************************************************Gio vin : L Thanh Tnh Trang


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- Cho 22,2 g mui tc dng vi xt d ri ly kt ta em nung thu c 3,2 g cht rn. Bit khi lng phn tmui kp l 277,5. Tm cc gi tr x, y, z?21. Khi nung 6,06 g mt mui Nitrat ca mt kim loi kim ta thu c 5,1 g cht rn (nitrit). Hi phn hy mui nitrat kim loi gh?22. xc nh thnh phn ca mui kp A c cng thc p(NH4)2SO4.qFex(SO4)y.tH2O ngi ta tin hnh th nghim sa

Ly 9,64 g mui A ha tan vo nc, sau cho tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d, khi un nng ta thu c kt ta B v khLy kt ta B nung nhit cao ( c mt khng kh) ta thu c 10,92 g cht rn. Cho ton b kh C hp th vo 200 ml dudch H2SO4 0,1 M. trung ha lng axit d cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M

1) Vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?2) Xc nh cc gi tr x, y, p, q, t?

23. Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2Ov bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO4 8% iu ch280 g dung dch Cu16%?24. Trn V1 lit dung dch A cha 9,125d HCl vi V2 lit dung dch B cha 5,47 g HCl, ta thu c 2 lit dung dch C. Tnhnng d mol ca dung dch A, B, C bit V1 + V2 = 2l, v hiu s gia nng mol dung dich A v B l 0,4 mol/l.25. ng nitrat b phn hy khi nung nng theo phn ng:

Cu(NO3)2 CuO + 2NO2+ O2.Nu khi nung 15,04g ng nitrat thy cn li 8,56g cht rn, th c bao nhiu phn trm ng nitrat b phn hy v xc nhthnh phn cht rn cn li.26. Ha tan 1,42g hp kim Mg - Al - Cu bng dung dch HCl dta thu c dung dch A, kh B v cht rn C. Cho dungdch A tc dng vi xt d ri ly kt ta nung nhit cao th thu c 0,4g cht rn. Mt khc t nng cht rn C trongkhng kh th thu c 0,8g mt oxit mu en.

1) Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u?2) Cho kh B tc dng vi 0,672 lit kh clo (ktc) ri ly sn phm ha tan vo 19,72 lit nc, ta c dung dch D. L

5 g dung dch D tc dng vi AgNO3 thy to thnh 0,7175g kt ta. Tnh hiu sut phn ng gia kh B v clo?27. Chia 1,5g hn hp bt Fe - Al - Cu thnh 2 phn bng nhau:

1) Ly mt phn ha tan bng dung dich HCl thy cn li 0,2g cht rn khng tan v 448 cm3 kh bay ra. Tnh khilng mi kim loi trong hn hp?

2) Ly phn th 2 cho vo 400 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,08 M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5 M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ta thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Tnh khi lng cht rn A v nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B?28. Mt loi cha CaCO3, MgCO3, Al2O3, khi lng nhm oxit bng 1/8 khi lng cc mui cacbonat. em nung nhit cao ta thu c cht rn c khi lng bng 6/10 khi lng trc khi nung. Tnh thnh phn trm ca MgCO 3trong ?29. Ha tan 4,59g nhm bng dung dch HNO3 c dung dch nhm nitrat v hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi so vihir l 16,75.

1) Tnh khi lng nhm nitrat?2) Tnh th tch cc kh NO v N2O ?

30.* A l mt mu hp kim Cu - Zn. Chia mu hp kim thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn th nht ha tan bng dung dcd thy cn li 1 gam khng tan, phn th 2 luyn thm vo 4 gam Al th thu c mu hp kim trong B c hm lng phntrm ca Zn nh hn 33,3% so vi hm lng Zn trong mu hp kim A.

Tnh % ca Cu trong mu hp kim A, bit rng khi ngm mu hp kim B trong dung dch NaOH th sau mt thi gialng kh bay ra vt qu 6 lit.31. Hn hp kh O2 v SO2 c t khi so vi hir bng 24, sau khi ung nng hn hp vi cht xc tc ta thu c hhp kh mi c t khi hi so vi hir bng 30.

a) Xc nh thnh phn hn hp trc v sau phn ng?b) Tnh thnh phn trm mi kh tham gia phn ng?

Ch : Trong bi tp ny cc cht u phn ng khng hon ton.32. Hon thnh cc phn ng theo s sau:

Fe + ... A + BA + NaOH C + NaClC + O2 + H2O DD E; E + B Fe

33. Hy ly 3 cht v c ( A, B, C) tha mn cc iu kin sau:- Khi trn 2 dung dch A v B th to thnh kt ta.


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- Khi cho A hoc B tc dng vi C th to thnh mt cht kh khng chy.34. A, B, C l cc hp cht ca kim loi, khi t nng nhit cao c ngn la mu vng, D l mt hp cht ca cacboA tc dng vi D to thnh B hoc C, A tc dng vi B to thnh C. Nung D nhit cao c mt sn phm l D, D tcdng vi dung dch C to thnh B.A, B, C l nhng cht gh? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng?35. C mt hn hp 3 kim loi ha tr II ng trc H. T l khi lng nguyn t ca chng l 3 : 5 : 7. T l s mol ccc kim loi l 4 : 2 : 1. Khi ha tan 14,6 gam hn hp bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 7,84 l hir.

Xc nh khi lng nguyn t v gi tn ca chng?36.* A l dung dch NaOH, B l dung dch H2SO4. Trn 0,2 lit A v 0,3 lit B thu c 0,5 lit dung dch C. Ly 20 ml dng dC, thm mt t qu tm vo ta thy mu xanh. Sau thm t t dung dch HCl 0,05M cho ti khi qu tm chuyn thnh mutm thy tn ht 40 ml axit. Trng 0,3 l A v 0,3l B c dung dch D. Ly 20 ml dung dch D, thm vo 1 t qu tm thy cmu , sau thm t t dung dch NaOH 0,1 M cho ti khi qu tm i thnh mu tm thy tn ht 80 ml dung dch NaOHTnh nng mol ca cc dung dch A v B?37. Cho cht A tc dng vi cht B c kh I c mi trng thi. t chy kh I khi c mt oxi d c kh II c mi hCho kh I tc dng vi kh II c cht C mu vng. Nung cht C vi st c cht D, cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl kh I.

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?38.* Hn hp A gm BaO, FeO, Al2O3. Ha tan A trong lng d nc, c dung dch D v phn khng tan B. Sc khCO2 d vo dung dch D, phn ng to kt ta. Cho kh CO d i qua B nung nng thu c cht rn E. Cho E tc dng vidung dch NaOH d, thy tan mt phn cn li cht rn G. Ha tan ht G trong mt lng d dung dch H2SO4 long ri chodung dch thu c tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?39. Cho 18,5 g hn hp Z gm Fe, Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy u. Sau khi phng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc), dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi.

1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?2/ Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3?3/ Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Z1?

40. Vit 4 phng trnh thch hp cho s sau: Ba(NO3)2 + ? NaNO3 + ?41. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c):

a) Cho bt nhm vo dung dch NaClb) Cho mt mu Natri vo dung dch FeCl3.c) Cho bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d.d) Sc kh SO2 t t vo dung dch nc vi trong cho n d kh SO2.

42. Trong t nhin cc nguyn t Ca, Mg c trong qung lmit: CaCO3.MgCO3. t qung ny, hy trnh by phngphp iu ch CaCO3, MgCO3 dng ring bit tinh khit?43. C hai dung dch NaOH nng C% (dung dch 1) v C2% (dung dch 2). Cn trn chng theo t l khi lng nh th thu c dung dch NaOH C% (dung dcg 3). ( Khng s dng quy tc ng cho)

p dng bng s: C1 = 3%, C2 = 10%, C1 = 5%.44. Cho 10 lt N2 v CO2 (ktc) i qua 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M, thu c 1 g kt ta. Xc nh thnh phn % (theth tch) ca CO2 trong hn hp.45. Cho 1 dung dch c ha tan 16,8g NaOH tc dng vi dung dch c ha tan 8g Fe2(SO4)3, sau li thm vo dung dtrn 13,68g Al2(SO4)3. T nhng phn ng ny ngi ta thu c dung dch A v kt ta. Lc kt ta c cht rn B. Dungdch A c pha long 500 ml. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.

a) Xc inh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht rn B?b) Xc nh nng M ca mi cht trong dung dch A sau khi pha long?

46. T Canxicacbua v cc cht v c cn thit khc, vit PTP iu ch nha PE, etylaxtat, cao su Buna?47. t chy hon ton 18g cht hu c A cn lng va 16,8lit O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v hi nc vi t l th tchV( CO2) : V (H2O) = 3 : 2. Bit t khi hi ca A so vi H 2 l 36.

a) Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A?b) Hy ngh CTCT ca A. Bit rng A c th axit hoc este.

48. Nhit phn hon ton hn hp gm: BaCO3, MgCO3, Al2O3 c cht rn A, kh D. Ha tan A trong NaOH d cdung dch B v kt ta C. Sc B vo D thy c kt ta. Ha tan C trong dung dch NaOH d thy kt ta tan mt phn. Vit PTP?



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s 1Bi 1: Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cabonat kim loi ho tri II v ho tr III bng dung dch HCl d ta c

dung dch A v 0,896 lt kh ktc. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch A.Bi 2: Kh m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit CuO, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng kh CO nhit cao, ngi ta thu c 40 gam

cht rn Y v 13,2 gam kh CO2. Tnh gi tr ca m.

Bi 3: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 15 gam dung dch c cha 0,12 mol AgNO 3 . sau mt thi gian ly vt ra tkhi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 25%. Tnh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng.Bi 4: Cho 3,78 gam bt Nhm phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi ddch XCl3. Tm cng thc ca mui XCl3.Bi 5: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng i c 69 gam cht rn. Tthnh phn phn % khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp.Bi 6: Ly 3,33 gam mui Clorua ca mt kim loi ch c ho tr II v mt lng mui Nitrat ca kim loi c cng s mnh mui Clorua ni trn, thy khc nhau 1,59 gam. Hy tm kim loi trong hai mui ni trn.Bi 7: Cho 14,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn vo dung dich H 2SO4 long d to ra 6,72 lt H2 ktc. Tnh khi lng mSunfat thu c.Bi 8: Ho tan m gam hn hp A gm St v kim loi M ( c ho tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,008kh ktc v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Tnh gi tr ca m.Bi 9: Cho 0,25 mol hn hp KHCO3 v CaCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra c dn vo dung dch nctrong d, thu c a gam kt ta. Hy tnh gi tr ca a.Bi 10: Cho 9,4 gam MgCO3 tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch HCl, Dn kh sinh ra vo dung dch nc vi trong. tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.Bi 11: Cho 1,78 gam hn hp hai kim loi ho tri II tan hon ton trong dung dch H 2SO4 long, gii phng c 0,896 ltHir ktc. Tnh khi lng hn hp mui Sunfat khan thu c.Bi 12: Ho tan 4 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 ktc. Nudng 2,4 gamkim loi ho tr II th dng khng ht 0,5 mol HCl. Tm kim loi ho tri II.Bi 13: Cho 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 long d sau phn ng thu c dung dch A vlt kh H2 ktc. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B. Lc B nung trong khng kh n khi lng klng khng i c m gam. Tnh gi tr m.

s 2



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Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************Bi 1. 20oC, ha tan 60g mui kali nitrat vo 190g nc th c dung dch bo ha. Hy tnh ca mui kali nitrat

nhit .a: 31,6gBi 2. 20oC tan ca kali sunfat l 11,1g. Hi phi ha tan bao nhiu gam mui ny vo 80g c dung dch bo ha

nhit cho.a: 8,88gBi 3. Xc nh khi lng mui kali clorua kt tinh c sau khi lm ngui 604g dung dch bo h80 oC xung 20 oC . tan ca KCl 80 oC bng 51g 20 oC l 34ga: 68gBi 4. tan ca NaNO3 100 oC l 180g, 20 oC l 88g. Hi c bao nhiu gam NaNO3 kt tinh li h nhit ca 84g dung dch NaNO3 bo ha t 100 oC xung 20 oCa: 27,6gBi 5. khi ha tan 48g amoni nitrat vo 80ml nc, lm cho nhit ca nc h xung ti -1oC.Nu mun h nhit ca 250ml nc t 15oC xung 0oC th cn phi ha tan bao nhiu gamoni nitrat vo lng nc ny.a: 82,72g

Bi 6. Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca nc kt tinh trong:a. Xoa: Na2CO3 . 10 H2Ob. Thch cao: CaSO4 . 2H2Oa: a. 62,93% b. 20,93%Bi 7: C cn 160 gam dung dch CuSO 4 10% n khi tng s nguyn t trong dung dch ch cn mt na so vi ban udng li. Tm khi lng nc bay ra.( a: 73,8 gam)Bi 8: Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch H2SO4 6,95M (D = 1,39 g/ml)

M(l) (ml) dd dd

m.1000n n.1000 m.100.10.D C%.10.DMCmV V m .M M

D

= = = = = MC .M 6,95.98

C% 49%10D 10.1,39

= = =

Bi 9:a. Cn ly bao nhiu gam CuSO4 ha tan vo 400ml dd CuSO4 10% (D = 1,1 g/ml) to thnh dd C c nng l 20,8%b. Khi h nhit dd C xung 12oC th thy c 60g mui CuSO4.5H2O kt tinh, tch ra khi dd . Tnh tan ca CuSO 4 1(c php sai s nh hn 0,1%)(a = 60g / b.17,52)Bi 10: Cho 100g dd Na2CO3 16,96%, tc dng vi 200g dd BaCl 2 10,4%. Sau phn ng , lc b kt ta c dd A . Tnh n % cc cht tan trong dd A.(NaCl 4,17%, Na2CO3 2,27%)

Bi 11: Ha tan mt lng mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi ha tr II bng dd H 2SO4 14,7 %. Sau khi phn ng kt thckhng cn thot ra na, th cn li dd 17% mui sunfat tan. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca kim loi.



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s 3Bi 1: Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cabonat kim loi ho tri II v ho tr III bng dung dch HCl d ta dung dch A v 0,896 lt kh ktc. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch A.Bi 2: Kh m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit CuO, FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng kh CO nhit cao, ngi ta thu c 40 g

cht rn Y v 13,2 gam kh CO2. Tnh gi tr ca m.Bi 3: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 15 gam dung dch c cha 0,12 mol AgNO 3 . sau mt thi gian ly vt ra tkhi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 25%. Tnh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng.Bi 4: Cho 3,78 gam bt Nhm phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi ddch XCl3. Tm cng thc ca mui XCl3.Bi 5: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng i c 69 gam cht rn. Tthnh phn phn % khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp.Bi 6: Ly 3,33 gam mui Clorua ca mt kim loi ch c ho tr II v mt lng mui Nitrat ca kim loi c cng s mnh mui Clorua ni trn, thy khc nhau 1,59 gam. Hy tm kim loi trong hai mui ni trn.Bi 7: Cho 14,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn vo dung dich H 2SO4 long d to ra 6,72 lt H2 ktc. Tnh khi lng mSunfat thu c.Bi 8: Ho tan m gam hn hp A gm St v kim loi M ( c ho tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,008kh ktc v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Tnh gi tr ca m.Bi 9: Cho 0,25 mol hn hp KHCO3 v CaCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra c dn vo dung dch nctrong d, thu c a gam kt ta. Hy tnh gi tr ca a.Bi 10: Cho 9,4 gam MgCO3 tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch HCl, Dn kh sinh ra vo dung dch nc vi trong. tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.Bi 11: Cho 1,78 gam hn hp hai kim loi ho tri II tan hon ton trong dung dch H 2SO4 long, gii phng c 0,896 ltHir ktc. Tnh khi lng hn hp mui Sunfat khan thu c.Bi 12: Ho tan 4 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 ktc. Nudng 2,4 gamkim loi ho tr II th dng khng ht 0,5 mol HCl. Tm kim loi ho tri II.Bi 13: Cho 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 long d sau phn ng thu c dung dch A vlt kh H2 ktc. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B. Lc B nung trong khng kh n khi lng klng khng i c m gam. Tnh gi tr m.

s 41- C 4 l ng ring bit: Nc ct, d.d NaOH, HCl, NaCl. Nu cch nhn bit tng cht trong l.2- Vit cc PTHH v dng qu tm chng minh rng:a) CO2, SO2, SO3, N2O5, P2O5 l cc Oxit axit.



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Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************b) Na2O, K2O, BaO, CaO l cc xit baz.3- C 5 l ng ring bit: Nc ct, Ru etylic, d.d NaOH, HCl, d.dCa(OH)2 . Nu cch nhn bit tcht trong l.4- Cho 17,2 gam hn hp Ca v CaO tc dng vi lng nc d thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc.a) Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp?b) Tnh khi lng ca cht tan trong dung dch sau phn ng?5- Cho cc cht sau: P2O5, Ag, H2O, KClO3, Cu, CO2, Zn, Na2O, S, Fe2O3, CaCO3, HCl. Hy chn trong cc cht trn iu ch c cc cht sau, vit PTHH xy ra nu c?6- Chn cc cht no sau y: H2SO4 long, KMnO4, Cu, C, P, NaCl, Zn, S, H2O, CaCO3, Fe2Ca(OH)2, K2SO4, Al2O3, iu ch cc cht: H2, O2, CuSO4, H3PO4, CaO, Fe. Vit PTHH?7- Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit 4 kh l: O2, H2, CO2, CO ng trong 4 bnh ring bit?8- Bng phng php ho hc hy phn bit cc dung dch sau: HCl, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, CuSO4, NaVit PTHH xy ra?9- C mt cc ng d.d H2SO4 long. Lc u ngi ta cho mt lng bt nhm vo dd axit, phn xong thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ktc. Sau thm tip vo dd axit mt lng bt km d, phn xong thu c thm 4,48 lt kh H2 na ktc.a) Vit cc PTHH xy ra?b) Tnh khi lng bt Al v Zn tham gia phn ng?

c) Tnh khi lng H2SO4 c trong dung dch ban u?d) Tnh khi lng cc mui to thnh sau phn ng?10- Tnh lng mui nhm sunfat c to thnh kh cho 49 gam axit H2SO4 tc dng vi 60 gam Al2Sau phn ng cht no cn d, khi lng l bao nhiu?11-Mt baz A c thnh phn khi lng ca kim loi l 57,5 %. Hy xc nh cng thc baz tr

Bit PTK ca A bng 40 vC.12- Cho cc cht c CTHH sau: K2O, HF, ZnSO4, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3, CO, CO2, H2O, NO, NO2, P2O5, HCHClO4, H3PO4, NaH2PO4, Na3PO4, MgCl2. Hy c tn cc cht ?13- Th tch nc trng thi lng thu c l bao nhiu khi t 112 lt H2 ktc vi O2d ?14- Vit PTHH thc hin s sau:a) Na -> Na2O -> NaOH -> NaCl. b) C -> CO2 - > CaCO3 -> CaO -> Ca(OH)2 .c) S -> SO2 -> SO3 - > H2SO4-> ZnSO4 d) P -> P2O5 -> H3PO4 -> Na3PO4.

15- Nu cho cng s mol mi kim loi : K , Ca , Al , ln lt tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl th kim loi no cho nhiu Hihn ?

s 5Cu 1: T cc ha cht c sn sau y: Mg ; Al ; Cu ; HCl ; KClO3 ; Ag . Hy lm th no c th thc hin c s binsau: Cu --- > CuO --- > CuCu 2: Kh hon ton 11,5 gam mt xit ca Ch bng kh Hiro, th thu c 10,35 gam kim loi Ch.Tm cng thc ha hc ca Ch xit.

Cu 3: Cc cht no sau y c th tc dng c vi nhau? Vit phng trnh ha hc. K ; SO 2 ; CaO ; H2O , Fe3O4 , NaOH ; HCl.Cu 4: Kh hon ton hn hp (nung nng ) gm CuO v Fe 2O3 bng kh Hiro, sau phn ng thu c 12 gam hn hkim loi. Ngm hn hp kim loi ny trong dd HCl, phn ng xong ngi ta li thu c kh Hiro c th tch l 2,24 lt.

A) Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra.B) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi Oxit c trong hn hp ban u.C) Tnh th tch kh Hiro dng ( ktc ) kh kh hn hp cc Oxit trn.

Cu 5: Cho 28 ml kh Hiro chy trong 20 ml kh Oxi.A) Tnh : khi lng nc to thnh.B) Tnh th tch ca nc to thnh ni trn.

( Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun )Bi 6: 1) Cho cc PTHH sau PTHH no ng, PTHH no sai? V sao?a) 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3H2; b) 2 Fe + 6 HCl 2 FeCl33H2c) Cu + 2 HCl CuCl2 + H2 ; d) CH4 + 2 O2 SO2 + 2 H2O



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Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************2) Chn cu pht biu ng v cho v d:a) Oxit axit thng l oxit ca phi kim v tng ng vi mt axit.b) Oxit axit l oxit ca phi kim v tng ng vi mt axit.c) Oxit baz thng l oxit ca kim loi v tng ng vi mt baz.d) Oxit baz l oxit ca kim loi v tng ng vi mt baz.3) Hon thnh cc PTHH sau:

a) C4H9OH + O2

CO2

+ H2O ; b) CnH2n - 2 + ?

CO2

H2Oc) KMnO4 + ? KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O d) Al + H2SO4(c, nng) Al2(SO4)3SO2 + H2OBi 7: Tnh s mol nguyn t v s mol phn t oxi c trong 16,0 g kh sunfuric.Bi 8: t chy hon ton kh A cn dng ht 8,96 dm3 kh oxi thu c 4,48 dm3 kh CO2 v 7hi nc.a) A do nhng nguyn t no to nn? Tnh khi lng A phn ng.b) Bit t khi ca A so vi hiro l 8. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v gi tn A.Bi 9: Cho lung kh hiro i qua ng thu tinh cha 20 g bt ng(II) oxit 400 0C. Sau phn thu c 16,8 g cht rn.a) Nu hin tng phn ng xy ra.

b) Tnh hiu sut phn ng.c) Tnh s lt kh hiro tham gia kh ng(II) oxit trn ktc.

s 6Cu 1: a)Tnh khi lng ca hn hp kh gm 6,72 lt H2 , 17,92 lt N2 v 3,36 lt CO2

b) Tnh s ht vi m ( phn t) c trong hh kh trn , vi N= 6.1023

Cu 2: C 5,42 gam mui thu ngn clorua , c chuyn ho thnh Hg v Cl bng cch t nng vi cht thch hpthu c 4gam Hg.a) Tnh khi lng clo kt hp vi 4g Hg ?b) C bao nhiu mol nguyn t clo trong khi lng trn ?c) C bao nhiu mol nguyn t Hg trong 4g Hg?d) T cu tr li (b) v (c) , hy tm cng thc ho hc ca mui thu ngn clorua trn ?

Cu 3 : Phng trnh phn ng: K 2SO3 + HCl KC l+ H2O + SO2Cho 39,5 g K2SO3 vo dung dch c 14,6g HCl .a) Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc ?b) Tnh khi lng cht tham gia phn ng cn tha trong dung dch ?

C th thu nhng kh di y vo bnh : H2 , Cl2 ,NH3 , CO2 , SO2 , CH4Bng cch : t ng bnh : t ngc bnh :

Cu 4 : Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc sau :Al + Cl2 ----- AlCl3 Na + H2O ----- NaOH + H2Fe2O3 + HCl ----- FeCl3 + H2O FeS2 + O2 ----- Fe2O3 + SO2Cu 5 : Tnh nng % v nng M ca dung dch khi ho tan 14,3 gam xa .(Na2CO3.10H2O) vo 35,7 g nc .

Bit th tch dd bng th tch nc .Cu 6: Cho 2,8g mt hp cht A tc dng vi Ba ri clorua .Tnh khi lng Bari sunfat v Natri clo rua to thnh. Bit :Khi lng Mol ca hp cht A l 142g%Na =32,39% ; %S = 22,54% ; cn li l oxi ( hp cht A )Cu 7: Mt cht lng d bay hi , thnh phn phn t c 23,8% C , 5,9% H, v 70,3% Cl , c phn t khi bng 50,5 .

Tm cng thc ho hc ca hp cht trn .Cu 8:Trn ln 50g dung dch NaOH 8% vi 450g dung dch NaOH 20% .a) Tnh nng phn trm dung dch sau khi trn ?b) Tnh th tch dung dch sau khi trn , bit khi lng ring dung dch ny l 1,1g/ml ?

Cu 9: Cho 22g hn hp 2 kim loi Nhm v st tc dng vi dd HCl d .Trong nhm chim 49,1% khi lng hn hp a)Tnh khi lng a xit HCl cn dng ?



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b) Tnh th tch Hir sinh ra ?( ktc)c) Cho ton b H2 trn i qua 72g CuO nung nng . Tnh khi lng cht rn sau phn ng ?Cu 10: C nhng cht kh sau : Nit , Cacbon ioxit ( kh Cacbonic) ,Neon (Ne l kh tr ) ,oxi , metan (CH4)

Kh no lm cho than hng chy sng ? Vit PTHHa) Kh no lm c nc vi trong ? Vit PTHHb) Kh no lm tt ngn nn ang chy ? Gii thchc) Kh no trong cc kh trn l kh chy ? Vit PTHH

Cu 11: t chy 1,3g bt nhm trong kh Clo ngi ta thu c 6,675g .hp cht nhm clorua.Gi s cha bit ho tr ca Al v Cl .

a) Tm CTHH ca nhm clorua ?b) Tnh khi lng ca kh clo tc dng vi nhm ?

Cu 12: S phn ng : NaOH + CO2 ----------- Na2CO3 + H2Oa) Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn ?b) Nu dng 22g CO2 tc dng vi 1 lng NaOH va , hy tnh khi lng Na2CO3 iuch c ?c) Bng thc nghim ngi ta iu ch c 25g Na2CO3 . Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh thc nghim ?

s 71/ Ho tan 50 g tinh th CuSO4.5H2O th nhn c mt dung dch c khi lng ring bng 1,1 g/ml. Hy tnng % v nng mol ca dung dch thu c.2/ Tnh lng tinh th CuSO4.5H2O cn thit ho tan 400g CuSO4 2% thu c dd CuSO4 c n 1M(D= 1,1 g/ml).3/ C 3 dung dch H2SO4 . Dung dch A c nng 14,3M (D= 1,43g/ml). Dung dch B c nng 2,1(D= 1,09g/ml). Dung dch C c nng 6,1M (D= 1,22g/ml).Trn A v B theo t l mA: mB bng bao nhiu c dung dch C.

S 3 : mA: mB = 3:54/ Ho tan m1 g Na vo m2g H2O thu c dung dch B c t khi d. Khi c phn ng: 2Na+ 2H-> 2NaOH + H2

a/ Tnh nng % ca dung dch B theo m.b/ Tnh nng mol ca dung dch B theo m v d.c/ Cho C% = 16% . Hy tnh t s m1/m2.. Cho CM = 3,5 M. Hy tnh d.

5/ Ho tan mt lng mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi ho tr II bng axit H2SO4 14,7% . Sau khi cht khng thot ra na , lc b cht rn khng tan th c dung dch cha 17% mui sunpht tan. Hi kimho tr II l nguyn t no.6/ Tnh C% ca 1 dung dch H2SO4 nu bit rng khi cho mt lng dung dch ny tc dng vi lnhn hp Na- Mg th lng H2 thot ra bng 4,5% lng dung dch axit dng.7/ Trn 50 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 vi 100 ml Ba(OH)2 thu c kt ta A v dung dch B . Lc lem nung nhit cao n hon ton thu c 0,859 g cht rn. Dung dch B cho t c dng100 ml H2SO4 0,05M th tch ra 0,466 g kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ban u

S 7 : Tnh c CM dd Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,02M v ca Ba(OH)2 = 0,05M8/ C 2 dung dch NaOH (B1; B2) v 1 dung dch H2SO4 (A).Trn B1 vi B2 theo t l th tch 1: 1 th c dung dch X. Trung ho 1 th tch dung dc

cn mt th tch dung dch A.

Trn B1 vi B2 theo t l th tch 2: 1 th c dung dch Y. Trung ho 30ml dung dch Y cn 32,5dung dch A. Tnh t l th tch B1 v B2 phi trn sao cho khi trung ho 70 ml dung dch Z to ra c67,5 ml dung dch A.9/ Dung dch A l dd H2SO4. Dung dch B l dd NaOH. Trn A v B theo t sVA:VB = 3: 2 th c dd X c cha A d. Trung ho 1 lit dd X cn 40 g dd KOH 28%. Trn A v B theos VA:VB = 2:3 th c dd Y c cha B d. Trung ho 1 lit dd Y cn 29,2 g dd HCl 25%. Tnh nng mol ca A v B.Hng dn s 7HD 1; Lng CuSO4 = 50/250.160 = 32g -> n= 0,2 mol.Lng dung dch 390+ 50= 440g-> C% = 7,27%.Th tch dung dch = 440/1,1=400ml -> CM = 0,2/0,4 =0,5M



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Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************HD2: Gi lng tinh th bng a gam th lng CuSO4 = 0,64a.

Lng CuSO4 trong dung dch to ra = 400.0,02 + 0,64a = 8+ 0,064a.Lng dung dch to ra = 400+ a.Trong khi nng % ca dung dch 1M ( D= 1,1 g/ml) :

= 160.1/10.1,1 = 160/11% . Ta c: 8+ 0,64a/400+ a = 160/1100.Gii PT ta c: a= 101,47g.S 3 : mA: mB = 3:5HD4: a/ 2Na+ 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2

nNa = m1/23 -> nH2 = m1/46-> lng DD B = m1+ m2 - m1/23 = 22m1 + 23m2/23

Lng NaOH = 40m1 /23 -> C% = 40. m1.100/22m1 + 23m2b/ Th tch B = 22m1 + 23m2/23d ml

-> CM = m1 . d .1000/ 22m1 + 23m2 .c/ Hy t gii

HD5: Coi lng dung dch H2SO4 14,7%= 100g th n H2SO4 = 0,15 . Gi KL l R; ta c PT: RCOH2SO4 -> RSO4 + CO2 + H2O

N = 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15Lng RCO3 = (R + 60). 0,15 + 100 (44 . 0,15)

= (R + 16) .0,15 +100Ta c: (R+ 96).0,15/(R + 16) .0,15 +100 = 0,17 -> R = 24 -> KL l Mg.HD6: Coi lng dung dch axit dng = 100 g th lng H2 thot ra = 4,5 g.

2Na + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + H2Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2

2Na + H2O -> NaOH + H2Theo PTP lng H2 = lng H ca H2SO4 + 1/2 lng H ca H2O.Do : nu coi lng axit = x g ta c:x/98. 2 + 100 x /18 = 4,5 -> x = 30

S 7 : Tnh c CM dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,02M v ca Ba(OH)2 = 0,05MHD 8 : t b1 v b2 l nng 2 dung dch NaOH v a l nng dung dch H2SO4- Theo gt: Trn 1 lt B1 + 1 lt B2 to -> 2 lt dd X c cha (b1+ b2) mol NaOH

Theo PT: H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O2 lit dd H2SO4 c 2a mol -> 4a .Nn ta c: b1+ b2 = 4a *

Trn 2 lt B1 + 1 lt B2 to -> 3 lt dd Y c cha (2b1+ b2) mol NaOH.Trung ho 3 lt dd Y cn 3,25 lit dd H2SO4 c 3,25a mol.

Nn: ta c: 2b1+ b2 = 6,5a **

T * v ** ta c h PT: b1+ b2 = 4a * 2b1+ b2 = 6,5a **

Gii h PT ta c: b1 = 2,5a ; b2 = 1,5 a.

Theo bi ra: trung ho 7l dung dch Z cn 6,75l dung dch A c 6,75a mol H2SO4.Theo PT trn ta c: s mol ca NaOH trong 7l dung dch Z = 6,75a.2= 13,5a.

Gi th tch 2 dd NaOH phi trn l: x,y (lt) ta c:2,5ax + 1,5ay = 13,5av x + y = 7 -> x/y = 3/4

HD 9 : t nng mol ca dd A l a , dd B la b. Khi trn 3 l A (c 3a mol) vi 2 lit B (c 2b mol) 5 lit dd X c d axit. Trung ho 5 lit dd X cn0,2.5 = 1molKOH -> s mol H2SO4 d: 0,5 mol.PT: H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O

b 2bS mol H2SO4 d = 3a b = 0,5*

Trn 2l dd A (c 2a mol) vi 3 lt ddB (c 3b mol) to 5 l dd Y c KOH d. Trung ho 5 lit Y c0,2 .5 = 1 mol HCl



11/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************PT: H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O

2a 4aTheo PTP: KOH d = 3b 4a = 1 **T * v ** ta c h PT: 3a b = 0,5*

3b 4a = 1 **Gii h PT ta c: a = 0,5 ; b = 1

s 81. Hy thc hin dy chuyn ho sau:a. Fe Fe3O4 Fe H2b. KClO3 O2 CuO H2O NaOHc. H2O H2 Fe FeSO4d. S SO2 SO3 H2SO4 ZnSO42. Cho cc nguyn t sau, nhng nguyn t no cng mt chu k:

A : 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 3S1 D: 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 3S 2 3P 6 4S1 B : 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 3S 2 E : 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 3S 2 3P 6 4S 2

C : 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 3S 2 3P 5 F : 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 3S 2 3P 6

3. t chy hon ton 2,3 gam mt hp cht A bng kh oxi , sau P thu c 2,24 lit CO 2 ( ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O. Hy

nh cng thc hp cht A (Bit t khi hi ca kh A so vi kh hidro l 23).4. iu ch H2 ngi ta dng hn hp Al v Zn c s mol bng nhau tc dng va dd HCl thu c 13,44 lt H2( ktc).a. Tnh khi lng hn hp Al v Zn?b. Tnh khi lng HCl trong dung dch?5. kh hon ton a gam mt oxit kim loi A xOy phi cn 6,72 lt CO (ktc), sau P thu c 11,2 gam kim loi A. HyPTHH dng tng qut v tm gi tr a ca oxit kim loi trn?

s 91. Hy thc hin dy chuyn ho sau:a. H2 H2O H2SO4 H2b. Cu CuO CuSO4 Cu(OH)2c. Fe Fe3O4 Fe H2

FeCl3 Fe(OH)32. Cho cc nguyn t: A : 8p, 8n ; B: 8p,9n; C: 8e, 10n ; D: 7e,8n. Nhng nguyn t no cng mt nguyn t ho hc?sao?3. Hy tnh khi lng bng gam ca nguyn t oxi, st, Natri.4. Khi nung vi cha 90% khi lng canxicacbonat thu c 11,2 tn canxi oxit v 8,8 tn kh cacbonic. Hy tnh klng vi em phn ng?

5. Cho dX/Y = 2,125 v dY/O 2 = 0,5.Kh X v Y c thnh phn cc nguyn t nh sau:Kh X: 94,12% S; %,885H. Kh Y: 75% C, 25% H.Tm CTHH ca X , Y.

6. t chy hon ton 1 Kg thancha 90% C v 10% tp cht khng chy. Tnh khi lng khng kh cn dngvi khi lCO2 sinh ra trong phn ng chy ny. Bit rng VKK= 5VO 27. t chy mt hn hp Fe v Mg trong Mg c khi lng 0,84 gam cn dng ht 672ml O2 ( ktc).a. Tnh khi lng hn hp ban u?b. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi kim loi?8. Cho 7,8 gam Zn vo dung dch axit sunfuric long cha 19,6 gam H2SO4.

a. Tnh VH 2 thu c ( ktc). Bit th tch V H 2 b hao ht l 5%.b. Cn d bao nhiu cht no sau phn ng?9. a. Cho mt hp cht oxit c thnh phn phn trm v khi lng: %O l 7,17%. Tm cng thc oxit bit kim c ho tr II.b. Dng CO hoc H2 kh oxit kim loi thnh kim loi. Hi mun iu ch 41,4 gam kim loi cn bao nhiu lit H 2 (hoc bao nhiu lit kh CO?



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s 101.a. Trong mui ngm nc CuSO4.nH2O khi lng Cu chim 25,6 %. Tm cng thc ca mui ?.

b. Ha tan hon ton 3,9 gam kim loi X bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,344 lit kh H2 (ktc). Tm kim loi X ?.2. Cho mt lung H2d i qua 12 gam CuO nung nng. Cht rn sau phn ng em ha tan bng dung dch HCl d thy cn6,6 gam mt cht rn khng tan. Tnh hiu sut phn ng kh CuO thnh Cu kim loi ?.

3. t chy hon ton 2,3 gam mt hp cht bng kh oxi, sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lit CO 2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam nc. Tkhi lng tng nguyn t c trong hp cht trn?.4. vi c phn hy theo PTHH: CaCO3 CaO + CO2

Sau mt thi gian nung thy lng cht rn ban u gim 22%, bit khi lng vi ban u l 50 gam, tnh khi lngvi b phn hy?.5. Cho 4,64 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Cu, Mg, Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,2 gam kh H 2 v 0,64 gam chtkhng tan.a. Tnh t l phn trm v khi lng ca 3 kim loi trong hn hp trn?b. Tnh khi lng mi mui c trong dung dch?6. Mt loi vi cha 85% CaCO3 v 15% tp cht khng b phn hy nhit cao. Khi nung mt lng vi thu mt cht rn c khi lng bng 70% khi lng trc khi nung.a. Tnh hiu sut phn hy CaCO3?b. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng CaO trong cht rn sau khi nung?P N s 10

1.a Ta c4 2.uSOC nH OM =

64 100%250

25,6%

= Ta c 64 32 (16.4) .18 250 5n n+ + + = =

Vy CTHH l CuSO4.5H2O (1 )

1.b2

1,344: 22,4 0.06( )molHm = =

Gi n l ha tr ca kim loi X 2 X + 2n HCl 2 XCln + n H2

S mol0,06 2 0,12

( )X moln n

= = Ta c:

0,12. 3,9 32,5.X X n

n= =

V kim loi thng c ha tr n = 1, 2 hoc 3n = 1 X= 32,5 (loi)n = 2 X= 65 (Zn)n = 3 X= 97,5 (loi)

Vy kim loi X l Zn (1 )

2. Ta c PTHH: CuO + H20

t Cu + H2O

80 g 64 g12 g x g?

Lng Cu thu c trn l thuyt:12 64

9,6( )80

x g

= =

Theo bi, cht rn sau phn ng ha tan bng HCl d thy cn 6,6 gam cht rn khng tan, chng t lng Cu to ra ph

ng trn l 6,6 gam.6,6

100% 68,75%9,6H = = (1,5)

3. Khi lng nguyn t C trong hp cht:2, 24 12

1, 2( )22,4C

gm

= =

Khi lng nguyn t H trong hp cht:2,7 2

0,3( )18H

gm

= =

Khi lng nguyn t O trong hp cht: 2,3 (1,2 0,3) 0,8( )O

gm = + = 1,5)4. Lng cht rn ban u gim 22% chnh l khi lng CO2 thot ra.



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Khi lng CO2 thot ra:2

22 5011( )

100g

COm

= =

PTHH: CaCO30

t CaO + CO2100g 44g

xg? 11g

Khi lng vi b phn hy: 11 100 25( )44x g= = (1,5)

5. V Cu khng tham gia phn ng vi HCl nn 0,64 gam cht rn khng tan chnh l khi lng ca Cu.Khi lng hn hp Fe v Mg l: 4,64 0,64 = 4 (g)

Gi x l s gam Fe (4 x) l s gam MgPTHH: Fe + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2

56 g 2 g

x g2.

56

xg

Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H224 g 2 g

(4-x) g 2(4 )24x g

T 2 PTHH trn ta c:2.

56

x+

2(4 )

24

x= 0,2 Gii PT ta c x = 2,8 = mFe

T l % v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp: %Fe =2,8

100% 60,34%4,64

=

T l % v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp: %Cu =0,64

100% 13,79%4,64

=

T l % v khi lng ca Mg trong hn hp:%Mg = 100% - (60,34%+13,79%) = 25,87% (2)

6.a PTHH: CaCO3

0

t CaO + CO2 (1)100 g 56 g 44 g

Gi s lng vi em nung l 100g, trong cha 85% CaCO3 th lng cht rn sau khi nung l 70g.Khi lng gim i chnh l khi lng CO 2 v bng: 100 70 = 30 (g)Theo (1): Khi 44g CO2 thot ra l c 100g CaCO3 b phn hy.

30g CO2 thot ra l c x g CaCO3 b phn hy

30 100

68, 2( )44

x g

= = ,68,2

100% 80, 2%85

H= =

b. Khi lng CaO to thnh l:56 30

38, 2( )44

g

= Trong 70 g cht rn sau khi nung cha 38,2g CaO

Vy % CaO l:

38,2

100% 54, 6%70 = (1,5)

s 11Bi 1: Ngi ta dn qua 1 bnh cha 2 lit dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,075M tt c lng kh cacbonic ch c bng cch cho axit clohidric (d) tc dng vi 25,2 gam hn hp Canxi cacbonat v Macacbonat. Sau p c mui no c to thnh v khi lng l bao nhiu?Bi 2: Khi cho t t lung kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2, ngi ta nhn thy ban du dung dch nn c, sau trong dn v cui cng trong sut. Hy gii thch hin tng trn v vit ptp minh hBi 3: C dung dch NaOH, kh CO2, ng ong chia v cc cc thu tinh cc loi. Hy trnh bphng php iu ch dung dch Na2CO3 tinh khit.



14/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************Bi 4: Thm t t dung dch HCl vo 10 gam mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr II, sau 1 thi gian thng kh thot ra vut qu 8,585 gam. Hi l mui kim loi g trong s cc kim loi cho di Mg; Ca; Cu; BaBi 5: Mt loi cha MgCO3, CaCO3, Al2O3 . Lng Al2O3 bng 1/8 tng khi lng 2 mui cacbonNung nhit cao ti phn hu hon ton thu c cht rn A c khi lng bng 60% khi l trc khi nung.

1. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong trc khi nung.2. Mun ho tan hon ton 2g cht rn A cn ti thiu bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,5M?

s 12



15/143




16/143


p n s 12Cu 1: (1,00)

Tnh2 4dd

1,6 400 640( )H SOm g= = ,2 4

15 64096( )

100H SOm g

= = ,

2 4

960, 98( )

98H SOn g= ; (0,5)

Gi x l s lt nc thm vo dung dch dd mi: x + 0,4 (400ml = 0,4l)

Ta c 0,98 1, 5 1,5 0, 38 0, 253( )0,4

= = = =+M

nC x x l V x

Vy s lt nc cn thm vo l 0,253 lt (0,5)Cu 2: (3,00)

2

3,384 12% 100% 92,29%

44 1COm C

=

; (0,25) ,

2

0, 694 1% 2 100% 7,71%

18 1H Om H

=

; (0,25)

%O = 100% (92,29% + 7,71%) = 0 % Khng c oxi (0,5)

A ch c C v H CTHH dng CxHy (0,25)92,29 7,71

: : 1:112 1

x y = = (0,25)

Cng thc n gin (CH)n (0,25 Ta c MA= 29 2,69 ; 78 (0,25)(CH)n =78 13n = 78 n = 6 (0,5)

Vy CTPT ca A l C6H6 (0,5)Cu 3: (2,00)

a. Bn knh nguyn t H ln hn bn knh ca ht nhn:9

4

13

30 106.10 60000

5 10

= =

ln (0,5)

Bn knh ca ht nhn phng i l6

3( )2

cm=

Bn knh ca nguyn t tng ng l: 3 60000 = 180000 (cm) (0,5)

b. Th tch ca nguyn t H: 3 9 34 4

3,14 (5, 3.10 )3 3

V r = = (0,5)

Khilng ca nguyn t H coi nh bng khi lng proton, nn khi lng ring c

273

9 3

1,6726.102,68( / )

4 3,14 (5,3.10 )3

m KgD g cm

V

= = =

(0,5

Cu 4: (1,00) Dng qu tm: NaOH H2SO4, HCl NaCl, BaCl2xanh khng i mu qu ( 0,25)

(I) (II)Ly 1 mu (I) ln lt + 1 mu (II) sinh ra kt ta trng th l H2SO4 v BaCl2PTHH: H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2 HCl (0,5)

(trng)Mu axit cn li l HCl v mu mui cn li l BaCl2 (0,25)Cu 5: (3,00) Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Zn v Al

Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2

x x2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (0,5)y 1,5y

Ta c h: 65x + 27y = 17,3 (1)

x + 1,5y =15,68

22,4 (2) (0,5) Gii h ta c: x = 0,1 , y = 0,4 (0,25)

mZn = 6,5 6,5

% 100% 37,57%17,3

Zn = = (0,25) mAl = 10,8 10,8

% 100% 62,43%17,3

Al= = (0,25

2

136 0,1 13,6( )ZnClm g= = (0,25) 3 133,5 0,4 53,4( )AlClm g= = (0,25)



17/143


2(0,1 0,6) 2 1,4( )

Hm g= + = mddsp = (17,3 + 400) 1,4 = 415,9(g) (0,25)

2

13,6% 100% 3,27%

415,9ZnCl = = (0,25) 3

53,4% 100% 12,84%

415,9AlCl = = (0,25)

s 13

Cu 1: (2 im) Cn bng cc phn ng ho hc sau

Fe2(SO4)3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + Na2SO4

Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2

FexOy + CO Fe + CO2

P2O5 + H2O H3PO4

Cu 2: (2 im) Nung 15 kg vi thnh phn chnh l CaCO 3thu c 7,28 kg Canxioxit(CaO)

5,72kg CO2. Hy xc nh t l phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3 trong vi.

Cu 3: (4 im) Vit cng thc ho hc v xc nh phn t khi ca cc hp cht sau: Ca(II) vN(III) v H; Fe(II) v gc SO4(II); Fe(III) v gc SO4(II).

Cu 4: (2 im ) Bt nhm chy theo phn ng:

Nhm + kh oxi Nhm xit(Al2O3)

a, Lp phng trnh ho hc.

b, Cho bit khi lng nhm phn ng l 54 gam; v khi lng nhm oxit sinh ra l 1

gam. Tnh khi lng kh oxi dng.

(Bit: Ca=40; N=14;H=1;S=32;O=16;Fe=56)

s 14Bi 1: a) Khi cho hn hp Al v Fe dng bt tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4, khuy k phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu dung dch ca 3 mui tan v cht kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng, cho bit thnh phn dung dch v kt ta gm nhcht no?

b) Khi cho mt kim loi vo dung dch mui c th xy ra nhng phn ng ho hc g ? Gii thch ?Bi 2: C th chn nhng cht no khi cho tc dng vi 1 mol H2SO4 th c:

a) 5,6 lt SO2 b) 11,2 lt SO2 c) 22,4 lt SO2 d) 33,6 lt SO2Cc kh o ktc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ngBi 3: t chy mt t bt ng trong khng kh mt thi gian ngn. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thy khi lng cht rn

c tng ln 16

khi lng ca bt ng ban u. Hy xc nh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca cht rn thu c sau

un nngBi 4: a) Cho oxit kim loi M cha 65,22% kim loi v khi lng. Khng cn bit l kim loi no, hy tnh khi ldung dch H2SO4 19,6% ti thiu cn dng ho tan va ht 15 g oxit

b) Cho 2,016g kim loi M c ho tr khng i tc dng ht vi oxi, thu c 2,784g cht rn. hy xc nh kim loiBi 5: Cho 10,52 g hn hp 3 kim loi dng bt Mg, Al, Cu tc dng hon ton vi oxi, thu c 17,4 g hn hp oxit. Hho tan va ht lng hn hp oxit cn dng t nht bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 1,25MBi 6: C 2 chic cc trong mi chic cc c 50g dung dch mui nitrat ca mt kim loi cha bit. Thm vo cc th nht abt Zn, thm vo cc th hai cng a (g) bt Mg, khuy k cc hn hp phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau khi kt thc cc png em lc tch cc kt ta t mi cc, cn khi lng cc kt ta , thy chng khc nhau 0,164 g. em un nng cc



18/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************ta vi lng d HCl, thy trong c 2 trng hp u c gii phng H2 v cui cng cn li 0,864 g kim loi khng tan trHCl d

Hy xc nh mui nitrat kim loi v tnh nng % ca dung dch mui ny( Cho: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Mg = 24, Zn = 65, Fe = 56, Al = 27, S = 32, Cu = 64)

P N s 14

Bi 1: a) Th t hot ng ca cc kim loi Al > Fe > CuBa mui tan l Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4 v CuSO4 cn li

2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3CuFe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu

Dung dch gm: Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4, CuSO4 cn d. Kt ta ch l Cu vi s mol bng s mol CuSO4 ban ub) Xt 3 trng hp c th xy ra:

- Nu l kim loi kim, Ca, Ba:Trc ht cc kim loi ny tc dng vi nc cadung dch cho baz kim, sau baz kim tc dng vi mui

thnh hiroxit kt ta

V d: Na + dd CuSO4 : Na + H2O NaOH +1

2H2

2NaOH + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4- Nu l kim loi hot ng hn kim loi trong mui th s y kim loi ca mui ra khi dung dch

V d: Zn + FeSO4 ZnSO4 + Fe- Nu kim loi yu hn kim loi ca mui: phn ng khng xy ra

V d Cu + FeSO4 khng phn ngGii thch: Do kim loi mnh d nhng in t hn kim loi yu, cn ion ca kim loi yu li d thu in t hn

Bi 2: a) nSO2 =5,6

22,4

= 0,25 mol

nH2SO4 : nSO2 = 1 : 0,25 = 4 : 12FeO + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O

b) nH2SO4 : nSO2 = 2 : 1Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

c) nH2SO4 : nSO2 = 1 : 1C + 2H2SO4 CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O

d) nH2SO4 : nSO2 = 2 : 3S + 2H2SO4 3SO2 + 2H2O

Bi 3: 2Cu + O2 2CuO128g 32g 160g

Nh vy khi phn ng oxi ho Cu xy ra hon ton th khi lng cht rn thu c tng ln:32

128=

1

4. Theo u bi, sau p

ng khi lng cht rn thu c tng ln 1/6 khi lng Cu ban u, tc l Cu cha b oxi ho ht, thu c hn hp gCuO v Cu cn d

Gi s lm th nghim vi 128g Cu. Theo bi s g oxi phn ng l:128

6= 21,333g

Theo PTHH ca phn ng s g Cu phn ng vi oxi v s g CuO c to thnh l:

mCu =128

.32

21,333 = 85,332g ; mCuO =160

32. 21,333 = 106,665g

S g Cu cn li l: 128 85,332 = 42,668g



19/143


%Cu =42,668

149,333. 100 = 28,57% ; %CuO = 71,43%

Bi 4: a) t kim loi v khi lng mol nguyn t ca n l M, ho tr n.

Theo bi ta c:2

2 16

M

M n+= 0,6522 M = 15n M2On = 2M + 16n = 46n (g)

M2On + nH2SO4 M2(SO4)n + nH2OTheo phn ng ho tan 1 mol oxit (tc 46n)g cn n mol H2SO4.

ho tan 15g oxit cn46

n

n.15 = 0,3261 mol H2SO4

mdd =100

19,6.0,3261 . 98 = 163,05g

b) t k hiu kim loi v khi lng mol nguyn t ca n l M, ho tr n ta c:4M + nO2 2M2On

4 4 32

2,016 2,784

M M n+= M = 21n . Xt bng: vi n = 1, 2, 3

n 1 2 3

M 21 42 63

Vi s liu bi cho khng c kim loi no to nn oxit c ho tr t 1 n 3 tho mn c. Vy M phn ng vi oxi theho tr, th d: theo ho tr 2 v 3 (ho tr 8/3). Nh bit: Fe to Fe3O4, Mn to Mn3O4, Pb to Pb3O4. V vy khi n = 8/3 = 56Kim loi chnh l Fe v oxit l Fe3O4Bi 5: t x, y, z l s mol ca Mg, Al, Cu trong 10,52g hn hp

2Mg + O2 2MgOx 0,5x x

4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3y 0,75y 0,5y

2Cu + O2 2CuO

z 0,5z zMgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2Ox 2x

Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O0,5y 3yCuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O

z 2zT cc PTP trn ta thy s mol kh oxi tc dng vi kim loi lun bng s mol axit dng ho tan va

lng oxit kim loi c to thnh. Theo u bi s mol oxi tc dng vi cc kim loi to thnh hn hp oxit l:

17,4 10,52

32

= 0,125mol

S mol HCl cn dng ho tan va ht lng hn hp oxit : 0,125 . 4 = 0,86 mol

Th tch dung dch HCl 1,25M cn dng: 0,861,25

= 0,688 lt

Bi 6: t kim loi to mui nitrat l M, ho tr n. Cc PTP xy ra trong 2 cc l:nZn + 2M(NO3)n nZn(NO3)n + 2M (1)nMg + 2M(NO3)n nMg(NO3)n + 2M (2)t s mol mui M(NO3)n trong mi cc l x

S mol Zn v Mg: nZn =65

a; nMg =

24

a nMg > nZn



20/143


Khi lng kt ta cc nhng thanh Zn l: xM + a - .652

nx

Khi lng kt ta cc nhng thanh Mg l: xM + a - .242

nx

(xM + a - .24

2

nx ) (xM + a - .65

2

nx ) = 32,5nx 12nx = 0,164

20,5nx = 0,164 nx = 0,008Khi cho kt ta tc dng ln lt vi dung dch HCl d, thy gii phng hir chng t Mg, Zn d, cui cng cn li 0,86kim loi khng tan l M vi s mol l xMx = 0,864 ; nx = 0,008 M = 108n. Xt bng:

n 1 2 3M 108 216 324

Ag loi loiVy kim loi M l: Ag ; nAg = 0,008

C% =0,008.170

50. 100 = 2,72%

s 15Cu 1: (2 im): Chn p n ng.1. 0,5 mol phn t ca hp cht A c cha: 1 mol nguyn t H ; 0,5 mol nguyn t S v 2 mol nguyn t O. Cng thc ha no sau y l ca hp cht A?

A. HSO2 B. H2SO3C. H2SO4 D. H2S3O4

2. Mt kim loi R to mui Nitrat R(NO3)3. mui sunfat ca kim loi R no sau y c vit ng?A. R(SO4)3 B. R2(SO4)3C. R(SO4)2 D. R3(SO4)2

Cu 2( 1, 5 im). Hy ghp cc s 1, 2, 3, 4 ch th nghim v cc ch

B, C, D, E ch hin tng d on xy ra thnh tng cp cho ph hp.

Th nghim Hin tng xy ra trong v sau phn ng.

1 Hidro kh ng (II) oxit B. Ngn la mu xanh nht, c git nc nh

bm thnh bnh2 Canxi oxit phn ng vi nc.

Sau phn ng cho giy qu

tm vo dung dch thu c.

C Cht rn mu to thnh. Thnh ng

nghim b m i.

3 Natri phn ng vi nc c thm

vi git phenolphtalein.

D Phn ng mnh lit. Dung dch to thnh

lm giy qu tm ho xanhE Git trn chy trn mt nc, dung dch c

mu hng.Cu 3: (2,5 im): Chn cht thch hp han thnh phng trnh phn ng:1. H2O +-------> H2SO4 2. H2O + ..------> Ca(OH)23. Na +.. -------> Na(OH)2 + H2 4. CaO + H3PO4 -----> ? + ?5. ? ---------> ? + MnO2 + O2



21/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************Cu 4 (6 im)

1. Cho cc cht: KMnO4, CO2, CuO, NaNO3, KClO3, FeS, P2O5, CaO. Hi trong s cc cht trn, c nhng cht no:a) Nhit phn thu c O2 ?b) Tc dng c vi H2O, vi dung dch H2SO4 long ,vi dung dch NaOH, lm c nc vi, vi H 2 khi nung nng

thnh cht c mu ?Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

2.Vit mt phng trnh phn ng m trong c mt 4 loi cht v c c bn.Cu 5 (8 im)

1. Ch t 1,225 gam KClO3 v 3,16 gam KMnO4, hynu cch tin hnh c th iu ch c nhiu O 2 nht. Tnh th kh O2 ktc. (Khng c dng thm cc ha cht khc)

2. Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam CaO vo H 2O ta c dung dch A. Cho kh CO 2 sc qua dung dch A, sau th nghim thy2,5 gam kt ta.Tnh th tch CO2 phn ng ktc

p n s 15Cu p n imCu 1 1.c; 2B 2 imCu 2 1.c; 2d; 3.e 1,5 im

Cu 3

H2O + SO3 H2SO4

H2O + CaO Ca(OH)2

2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

3CaO + 2H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O2KMnO4 0t K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

O,5

O,5O,5O,5O,5

Cu 4

1. a) Nhng cht nhit phn ra kh O2 l : KMnO4, NaNO3, KClO32KMnO4

ot K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

NaNO3 ot NaNO2 + O2

KClO3 ot KCl +3/2O2 ( xc tc MnO2)

b) Nhng cht tc dng c vi H2O l: P2O5, CaOP2O5 +3 H2O 2H3PO4CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2c) Nhng cht tc dng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long l: CuO,FeS, P2O5, CaOCuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2OFeS + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2SP2O5 +3 H2O 2H3PO4CaO + H2O Ca(OH)22. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

axit baz mui oxit

2

2

2

Cu 5Trn ln KClO3 vi KMnO4 ri em nhit phn, MnO2 c to thnh do KMnO4 nhit phn s lmxc tc cho phn ng nhit phn KClO3

1

1 2 KMnO4 0t K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

316 g 22,4 l3,16 g V1 l

1



22/143


V1 = 0,224 (lt)KClO3

02 ,tMnO KCl + 3/2 O2

122,5 g 33,6 l1,225 g V2 l

V2 = 0,336 (lit)

1

Tng th tch kh O2 l : V = V1 + V2 = 0,224 + 0,336 = 0,56 (lt)

Ch : Nu th sinh tnh ng p s nhng khng trn ln 2 cht vi nhau th khng choim, v bi ny khng cho xc tc MnO2. Mt khc, bi yu cu tnh lng O2 ln nhtch khng phi tnh lng O2 do tng cht to ra.

1

2

Phng trnh phn ng:CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 (1)

Dung dch A l dung dch Ca(OH)2 , s mol Ca(OH)2= s mol CaO = 11,2/56 = 0,2 (mol)Khi cho kh CO2 vo A, c th xy ra cc phn ng sau:

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 (2)Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 (3)

1

S mol CaCO3 = 2,5/100 = 0,025 (mol)S mol Ca(OH)2 = 0,2 (mol)

V s mol CaCO3< s mol Ca(OH)2 nn c th c 2 trng hp1

Trng hp 1: Ca(OH)2 d, ch xy ra (2), s mol CO2 tnh theo s mol CaCO3 = 0,025 mol

Th tch CO2 = 0,025 .22,4 = 0,56 (lt) 1 Trng hp 2: To c 2 mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2t x, y ln lt l s mol CO2 tham gia (1) v (2).- S mol CaCO3 l 0,025. Ta c: x = 0,025 (*)- S mol Ca(OH)2 l 0,2. Ta c: x + 0,5y = 0,2 (**)T (*) v (**) y = 0,35Tng s mol CO2= x + y = 0,025 + 0,35 = 0,375Th tch CO2 = 0,375 . 22,4 = 8,4 (lt)

1

s 16Cu 1 : (1) Cc dy cht sau, dy no ton l o xt ?

a, H2O , CaO , Na2O , SiO2, P2O5, NO

b, CaCO3, CO2, SO2, MgO, HClO, NaOH

c, SO3, H2SO4, NO2, Al2O3, PbO, Ag2O

d, Tt c u sai.

Cu 2 : (3) Lp phng trnh ho hc cc phn ng sau v m ngoc ghi loi phn ng hc

cnh phng trnh :

a, Km + a xt clohiric km clorua + hiro

b, Nhm + oxi nhm xit

c, Kali Clorat Ka li Clorua + Oxi

d, St + ng Sun fat St Sun fat+ nge, Cac bon + nc Cacbon Oxit + hi ro

g, Kali pemanganat Kali manganat + mangan iox

h, Nc hiro +Oxi

Cu 3: C 4 bnh ng ring bit cc cht kh :

Khng kh, O2, H2, CO2. Bng th nghim no c th bit c cht kh mi bnh?

Cu 4: Cho bit kim loi Na, Mg, A1 ln lt tc dng vi dung dch Hcl


0

, xtcao

inphnA xitsunfuaric


23/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************a, Nu cng mt lng (s mol) kim loi trn tc dng vi a xit Hcl, kim loi no cho nhiu kh H2 hn

b, Nu thu c cng lng kh H2 th khi lng kim loi no t hn?

Cu 5: Ho tan 10,2(g) hn hp Al v Mg vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ....thu c 11,2 LH2 (ktc) .

Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u v % khi lng ca chng ?

Cu 6: Cho 5,4 g kim loi (M) ho tr III tc dng va vi 395,2 g dung dch H2SO4 long. Du

dch mui sau phn ng c nng 8,55% v thu c 0,6(g) H2p n s 16

Cu 1: a

Cu 2: a, Zn + 2Hcl - Zucl2 +H2 (Phn ng th)

b, 4AL + 302 2AL2O3 (Phn ng ho hp, phn ng Oxi ho kh), 2Kclo3 2Kcl +302 (Ph

ng phn hu)

d,Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 +Cu (Phn ng th)

e, C+H2O Co2 +H2 (Phn ng th, phn ng oxi ho kh)

g, 2 KMu04 K2MnO4 +MuO2 +O2 (Phn ng phn hu) h, H 2O 2

+O2 (Phn ng phn hu)Cu 3: - Dn mi kh lng bnh ra, que m chy cn tn ming ng dn kh thy :

+ Kh no lm tn m bng chy l oxi Phng trnh C+O2 - Co2- Ba kh cn li em t, kh no chy trong khng kh c ngn la xanh nht l H2 Phng trn

2H2 +O2 . 2H2O

- - Hai kh cn li dn vo nc vi trong khi no lm nc vi trong vn c nhanh l Co2 , cn l

khng kh .

Cu 4:

a, Na, Mg, Al u cng c mt lng tc l cng c s mol bng nhau l a(mol)

2Na+ 2HCl - 2 NaCl +H2

amol ...........

Mg + 2HCl - MgCl + I+2

amol amlo

2Al + 6HCl - 2AlCl3 + 3H2amol amol

T (1) nH2 =2

a(mol) , T (2) NH2 = a (mol) , T (3) NH2 =

2

3a(mol)

- So snh ta thy : Cng lng kim loi th Al Sinl ra H2 nhiu nht

b, Nu thu c cng lng H2 l b (mol)

2Na + 2Hcl - 2Nacl + H22b mol bmol

- nNa = 2b(mol), mNa = 2bx23 = 46b (g)

Mg + 2Hcl - Mg Cl2 +H2

b mol b mol

- nMg = b mol , mMg = 24 b(g)

2Al + 6Hcl - 2AlCl3 + 3H2



24/143


3

2b mol

- nAl =3

2bmol , mAl =

3

2bmolx 27 = 18 b (g) So snh ta c : 18b


25/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************I- phn trc nghim: (3 im) La chn p n ng.1) Nguyn t Agon c 18 proton trong ht nhn. S lp electron v s electron lp ngoi cng tng l:

A- 2 v 6 B- 3 v 7 C- 3 v 8 D- 4 v 72) Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t R l 28, trong s ht khng mang ichim khong 35,7%. S n v in tch ht nhn bng:

A- 9 B- 10 C- 11 D- 123) Trong mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 8 proton, cn nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c 13 proton. cht ng gia X v Y l:

A- YX2 B- Y2X C- Y2X3 D- Y3X24) Ly mt khi lng cc kim loi km, nhm, magie, st ln lt tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfulong. Cc kim loi tc dng ht vi axit th kim loi no cho nhiu hiro nht:

A- Km B- Nhm C- Magie D- St5) Trong mt phn t mui st clorua cha 2 loi nguyn t st v clo. Phn t khi ca mui l 1vc. S nguyn t st v clo trong mui ny ln l t l:

A. 1 v 1 B. 1 v 2 C. 1 v 3 D. 2 v 36) Cho cc oxit sau: CaO; SO2; Fe2O3; MgO;Na2O; N2O5; CO2; P2O5.

Dy oxit no va tc dng vi nc va tc dng vi kim.

A. CaO; SO2; Fe2O3; N2O5. B . MgO;Na2O; N2O5; CO2C. CaO; SO2; Fe2O3; MgO; P2O5. D. SO2; N2O5; CO2; P2O5.ii- phn t lun (17 im)Cu 1(3 im) Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau ? Cho bit phn ng no l phn xi ho - kh ? Cht no l cht kh ? V sao?

1/ FeS2 + O2 ----> Fe2O3 + ?2/ KOH + Al2(SO4)3 ----> ? + Al(OH)33/ FeO + H2 ----> Fe + ?4/ FexOy + CO ----> FeO + ?

Cu 2(4 im): Dn t t 8,96 lt H2 (ktc) qua m gam oxit st FexOy nung nng. Sau phnng c 7,2 gam nc v hn hp A gm 2 cht rn nng 28,4 gam (phn ng xy ra honton). 1/ Tm gi tr m?

2/ Lp cng thc phn t ca oxit st, bit A c cha 59,155% khi lng st n cht.Cu 3(4 im) t chy 16 gam cht X cn dng 44,8 lt xi ( ktc) Thu c kh CO2 v nc theo t l s mol 1: 2.Tnh khi lng kh CO2 v hi nc to thnh?Cu 4(6 im)Hn hp gmCu-Mg-Al c khi lng bng 10 g

a, Cho hn hp ny tc dng vi dd HCl d , lc phn kt ta ra sch em nung trong khng kn khi phn ng hon ton thu c sn phm c khi lng 8g.

b, Cho thm dd NaOH vo phn nc lc n d . Lc kt ta ra sch nung nhit cao thu sn phm c khi lng 4g .Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp?

p n s 17

I/ phn trc nghim: (3 im) (Chn ng mi p n cho 0,5 im)Cu 1 Cu 2 Cu 3 Cu 4 Cu 5 Cu 6C A B B B Dii- phn t lun (17 im)Cu 1(3 im)4FeS2 + 11O2

ot 2Fe2O3 + 8 SO2 (0,5 )6KOH + Al2(SO4)3 3K2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 (0,5)FeO + H2

ot Fe + H2O (0,5)

FexOy + (y-x) COot xFeO + (y-x)CO2 (0,5)

Cc phn ng (1) (3)(4) l phn ng oxi hoa kh (0,5)



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Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************Cht kh l FeS2 , H2, CO, Al v chng l cht chim oxi ca cht khc. (0,5)Cu 2(4 im):a/ S mol H2 = 0,4 mol ( 0,25)

S mol nc 0,4 mol ( 0,25)=> s mol oxi nguyn t l 0,4 mol ( 0,25)

=> mO = 0,4 x16 = 6,4 gam ( 0,25)

Vy m = 28,4 + 6,4 = 34,8 gam (0,5)FexOy +y H2ot xFe+ y H2O (0,5)

0,4mol 0,4molb/ mFe = 59,155 x 28,4= 16,8 gam (0,5)=>Khi lng oxi l mO = 34,8 16,8 = 18 gam (0,5)Gi cng thc oxit st l FexOy ta c x:y = mFe/56 : mO /16 (0,5)=> x= 3, y= 4 tng ng cng thc Fe3O4 (0,5)Cu 3(4 im)Phng trnh phn ng: X + O2 CO2 + H2O ( 0,5)

Ta c m X +2O

m =2 2CO H O

m m+ =44,8

16 .32 8022,4

g+ = (0,5)

V2

2

12

O

CO

H

nn

= Tc t l khi lng 2

2

1.44 112.18 9

CO

H O

mm

= = (1)

Vy khi lng CO2 =80.11

4411 9

g=+

; (1)

Khi lng H2O =80.9

3611 9

g=+

(1)

Cu 4(6 im)Cc phng trnh phn ng:( Vit ng mi phng trnh cho 0,1 im)a, Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 (1)

2 Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + H2 (2)

2Cu + O2 2 CuO (3)b, MgCl2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl (4)

AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (5)Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O (6)

t0

Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O (7)

Theo phn ng (3) c nCu = nCuO =8

0,1( )80

mol= Do khi lng ca ng l: 0,1 . 64 = 6,4 ( g

Suy ra %Cu =6,4

.100% 64%10

= (1)

Theo cc phn ng (1), (4), (7) ta c nMg= nMgO =4

0,1( )40 mol=

Khi lng Mg l : 0,1 . 24 = 2,4 (g) Nn %Mg =2,4

.100% 24%10

= (1)

%Al = 100% - ( 64% + 24%) = 12% (1)

s 181) Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau ? Cho bit mi phn ng thuc loi no ? V sao ?



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a) KMnO4 to ? + ? + ?

b) Fe + H3PO4 ? + ?

c) S + O2 to ?

d) Fe2O3 + CO t0 Fe3O4 + ?

2) Mt oxit kim loi c thnh phn % khi lng ca oxi l 30%. Tm cng thc oxit bit kim loi c h

tr III ?

3) Trong phng th nghim ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch nhit phn KMnO 4 hoc KClO3. Hi

s dng khi lng KMnO4 v KClO3 bng nhau th trng hp no thu c th tch kh oxi nhiu h

V sao ?

4) t 12,4 (g) pht pho trong kh oxi. Sau phn ng thu c 21,3 (g) iphtphopentao

Tnh.

a) Th tch kh O2 (ktc) tham gia phn ng) ?

b) Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng ?5) nhit 1000C tan ca NaNO3 l 180g, 200C l 88g. Hi c bao nhiu gam NaNO3 kt t

li khi lm ngui 560g dung dch NaNO3 bo ho t 1000C xung 200C ?

6) Cho X l hn hp gm Na v Ca. m1(g) X tc dng va vi V (l) dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 3

(lt) H2 (ktc). m2 (g) X tc dng va vi 10,8 (g) nc. Tnh:

a) T l khi lng m1/ m2 ?

b) Nu cho m2 (g) X tc dng va vi V dung dch HCl th nng mol/ l ca dung dch HCl

dng l bao nhiu ?

Cho bit H = 1; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Cl = 35,5;Ca = 40; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Ba = 107

s 19Cu 1(1,5 im): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng sau:

1/ FeS2 + O2 ----> Fe2O3 + SO22/ KOH + Al2(SO4)3 ----> K2SO4 + Al(OH)33/ FeO + H2 ----> Fe + H2O4/ FexOy + CO ----> FeO + CO25/ Al + Fe3O4 ----> Al2O3 + Fe

V cho bit phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha kh ?Cht no l cht kh? Cht no l cht oxi hTi sao?

Cu 2(1,5 im): Trnh by phng php nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong 4 l mt nhn sauc, Natri hixit, Axit clohiric, Natriclorua. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho nu c.

Cu3(1,0 im):Cho cc oxit c cng thc sau: SO3, Fe2O3,K2O, N2O5, CO2.1/ Nhng oxit no thuc loi oxit axit, oxitbaz? v sao?2/ c tn tt c cc oxit. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc oxit axit.

Cu 4(2,0 im): Dn t t 8,96 lt H2 (ktc) qua m gam oxit st FexOy nung nng. Sau phn c 7,2 gam nc v hn hp A gm 2 cht rn nng 28,4 gam (phn ng xy ra hon ton).

1/ Tm gi tr m?



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2/ Lp cng thc phn t ca oxit st, bit A c cha 59,155% khi lng st n cht.

Cu 5(2,5 im): 11,2 lt hn hp X gm hiro v mtan CH4 (ktc) c t khi so vi oxi l 0,3t hn hp vi 28,8 gam kh oxi. Phn ng xong, lm lnh hi nc ngng t ht c hn hp kh

1/ Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra. Xc nh % th tch cc kh trong X?2/ Xc nh % th tch v % khi lng ca cc kh trong Y.

Cu 6(1,5 im): Tnh khi lng NaCl cn thit pha thm vo 200,00gam dung dch NaCl 2

thnh dung dch 30%.Cho: Fe = 56; Al = 27; Mg = 24;Na = 23 ; Zn = 65; C =12; O = 16 ; Cl = 35,5.

p n s 19CU 1 1,54FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8 SO2 (1)6KOH + Al2(SO4)3 3K2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 (2)FeO + H2 Fe + H2O (3)FexOy + (y-x)CO xFeO + (y-x)CO2 (4)8Al + 3Fe3O4 4Al2O3 +9Fe (5)Cc phn ng (1) (3)(4)(5) l phn ng oxi hoa kh

Cht kh l FeS2 , H2, CO, Al v chng l cht chim oxi ca cht khc

0,20,20,20,20,20,25

0,25

Cu 2 1,5Rt cc dung dch vo 4 ng nghim tng ng Bc 1 dng qu tm nhn bit raNaOH lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh v HCl lm qu tm chuyn mu Bc 2 cho dung dch 2 ng nghim cn li khng lm qu tm i mu dung chobay hi nc ng ng nc s bay hi ht ng ng dd NaCl cn li tinh th mui .

0,50,5

0,5Cu 3 1,5Oxit SO3, N2O5, CO2,l oxit axit v tng ng vi chng l axit H 2SO3, HNO3 H2CO3 ngoira chng cn c kh nng tc dng vi baz v oxit bazOxit Fe2O3,K2O l oxit baz v tng ng vi chng l axit Fe(OH) 3 KOH ngoi ra chng

cn c kh nng tc dng vi dd axitTn ln lt ca cc oxit l :kh sunfur,st (III)oxit kalioxit ,kh nitpentaoxit,khcc bonicCng thc cu to ca chng l (v ngoi)

0,5

0,5

0,250,25

Cu 4 2,0S mol H2 = 0,4 mol a/=> s mol oxi nguyn t l 0,4 molS mol nc 0,4 mol => mO = 0,4 x16 = 6,4 gamVy m = 28,4 + 6,4 = 34,8 gamFexOy +y H2 xFe+ y H2O

0,4mol 0,4mol

b/ mFe = 59,155 x 28,4= 16,8 gam=>Khi lng oxi l mO = 34,8 16,8 = 18 gamGi cng thc oxit st l FexOy ta c x:y = mFe/56 : mO /16=> x= 3, y= 4 tng ngcng thc Fe3O4

0,5

0,50,25

0,5

0,25

Cu 5 2,5



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MTB= 0,325 x 32=10,4 gam nhhkhi = 11,2 :22,4= 0,5 molp dng phng php ng cho ta c

CH4 16 8,4 3phn10,4

H2 2 5,6 2phn=>s mol nCH4= 0,3mol s mol nH2= 0,2mol

1,0

0,25

0,75

0,5

%CH4= 0,3/0,5 x 100%=60% , %H2 = 100%-60% = 40%

S mol kh oxi nO2=28,8:32= 0,9mol2H2 + O2 2H2O0,2mol 0,1molCH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O0,3mol 0,6mol 0,3molHn hp kh cn trong Y gm CO2 v kh O2(d)

nO2d = 0,9 (0,6 + 0,1) = 0,2 mol , nCO2 = 0,3 mol%V CO2 = 0,3/ 0,5 x 100% = 60% , %VO2 = 0,2/ 0,5 x 100% = 40%mCO2 = 0,3 x44=13,2 gam , mO2 = 0,2 x 32 = 6,4gam% mCO2 = 13,2/19,6 x 100% =67,34% , % mO2 = 6,4/19,6 x 100% = 32,66%

Cu 6 1.0

Khi lngNaCl c trong dung dch ban u l , mNaCl = 25%x200=50 gamgi lng NaCl thm vo l x ta c khi lng NaCl = (50+ x) , mdd = (200+ x)p dng cng thc tnh nng C% x= (200x5):70 = 14,29 gam

0,50,5

s 20Bi 1: 1) Cho cc PTHH sau PTHH no ng, PTHH no sai? V sao?

a) 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3H2; b) 2 Fe + 6 HCl 2 FeCl3 + 3H2c) Cu + 2 HCl CuCl2 + H2 ; d) CH4 + 2 O2 SO2 + 2 H2O

2) Chn cu pht biu ng v cho v d:a) Oxit axit thng l oxit ca phi kim v tng ng vi mt axit.b) Oxit axit l oxit ca phi kim v tng ng vi mt axit.c) Oxit baz thng l oxit ca kim loi v tng ng vi mt baz.d) Oxit baz l oxit ca kim loi v tng ng vi mt baz.

3) Hon thnh cc PTHH sau:a) C4H9OH + O2 CO2 + H2O ; b) CnH2n - 2 + ? CO2 + H2O

c) KMnO4 + ? KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2Od) Al + H2SO4(c, nng) Al2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O

Bi 2: Tnh s mol nguyn t v s mol phn t oxi c trong 16,0 g kh sunfuric.(gi s cc nguyn t oxi trong kh sunfuric tch ra v lin kt vi nhau to thnh cc phn t oxi).

Bi 3: t chy hon ton kh A cn dng ht 8,96 dm3 kh oxi thu c 4,48 dm3 kh CO2 v 7,2g hi nc.a) A do nhng nguyn t no to nn? Tnh khi lng A phn ng.b) Bit t khi ca A so vi hiro l 8. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v gi tn A.



30/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************Bi 4: Cho lung kh hiro i qua ng thu tinh cha 20 g bt ng(II) oxit 400 0C. Sau phn thu c 16,8 g cht rn.a) Nu hin tng phn ng xy ra.b) Tnh hiu sut phn ng.c) Tnh s lt kh hiro tham gia kh ng(II) oxit trn ktc.

p n s 20Bi p n Thang im1(3)

1(1) a) ng, v ng tnh cht 0,125 + 0125

b) Sai, v P ny khng to ra FeCl3 m l FeCl2 hay l sai 1 snphm

0,125 + 0125

c) Sai, v khng c P xy ra 0,125 + 0125d) Sai, v C bin thnh S l khng ng vi L BTKL 0,125 + 0125

2(1) a) . VD: Oxit do PK to nn l SO3 tng ng vi axit H2SO4Oxit do KL trng thi ho tr cao to nn l CrO 3 tng ng viaxit H2CrO4

0,25 + 0,25

d) . VD: Na2O tng ng vi baz NaOHFeO tng ng vi baz Fe(OH)2

0,25 + 0,25

3(1) a) C4H9OH + 6 O2 4 CO2 + 5 H2O 0,25b) 2 CnH2n - 2 + (3n 1) O2 2n CO2 + 2(n-1) H2O 0,25c) 2 KMnO4 + 16 HCl 2 KCl + 2 MnCl2 + 5 Cl2 + 8H2O

0,25

d) 2 Al + 6 H2SO4(c, nng) Al2(SO4)3 + 3 SO2+ 6 H2O

0,25

2(1)

nSO3 = 16: 80 = 0,2 mol; nO= 0,2 .3 = 0,6 mol. 0,25 + 0,25

C 2 O lin kt vi nhau to nn 1 O2=> 2 mol O ---------------------------- 1 mol O2Vy: nO2 = (0,6.1): 2 = 0,3 mol

0,25 + 0,25

3(3)

@- HD: c 6 ln x 0,5 = 3 .



31/143


32/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************Cu 2 (2): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng sau:

1/ FeS2 + O2 ----> Fe2O3 + SO22/ KOH + Al2(SO4)3 ----> K2SO4 + Al(OH)33/ FeO + HNO3 ----> Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O4/ FexOy + CO ----> FeO + CO2

Cu3 (2): Tnh s phn t : a, Ca 0,25 mol Fe2O3b, Ca 4,48 lt Cacbnc (ktc).c, Ca 7,1 gam kh Clo.

Cu4 (2) : Mt hp cht A c 42,9% C v 57,1% O theo khi lng.

a, Lp cng thc ca A , bit dA/H2= 14.b, Tnh khi lng ca 1,12 lt kh A ( ktc).Cu5 (2): t chy 16g mt cht X cn dng 44,8 lt kh Oxi(ktc ) thu c kh CO2 v hc theo t l mol l 2 : 1 .Tnh khi lng kh CO2 v khi lng H2O to thnh.

s 22Cu1 (2): 1, Tng s ht p ,e ,n trong nguyn t l 28 ,trong s ht khng mang inchim xp x 35% .Tnh s ht mi loa .V s cu to nguyn t .

2, Bit tng s ht p,n,e trong mt nguyn t l 155. s ht mang in nhiu hnht khng mang in l 33 ht. Tm p,n,e,NTK ca nguyn t trn ?Cu 2 (2): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng sau:

1/ FeS2 + O2 ----> Fe2O3 + SO22/ KOH + Al2(SO4)3 ----> K2SO4 + Al(OH)33/ FeO + HNO3 ----> Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O4/ FexOy + CO ----> FeO + CO2

Cu3 (2): Tnh s phn t : a, Ca 0,5 mol Fe2O3b, Ca 3,36 lt Cacbnc (ktc).c, Ca 14,2 gam kh Clo.

Cu4 (2) : Mt hp cht A c 82,76% C v 17,24% H theo khi lng.

a, Lp cng thc ca A , bit dA/ KK= 2.b, Tnh khi lng ca 1,12 lt kh A ( ktc).Cu5 (2): t chy 16g mt cht X cn dng 44,8 lt kh Oxi(ktc ) thu c kh CO2 v hc theo t l mol l 2 : 1 .Tnh khi lng kh CO2 v khi lng H2O to thnh.

s 23I/ Phn trc nghim khch quan(4,0 im)

Chn mt p n ng trong 4 phng n mi cu ri ghi vo bi lm:1) Nguyn t Agon c 18 proton trong ht nhn. S lp electron v s electron lp ngoi cng tng l:

A- 2 v 6 B- 3 v 7 C- 3 v 8 D- 4 v 7

2) Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t R l 28, trong s ht khng mang ichim khong 35,7%. S n v in tch ht nhn bng:

A- 9 B- 10 C- 11 D- 123) Lnh vc p dng quan trng nht ca kh oxi l:

A- S h hp B- t nhin liu trong tn la C- S t nhin liu D- C A v C4) Trong mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 8 proton, cn nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c 13 proton. cht ng gia X v Y l:

A- YX2 B- Y2X C- Y2X3 D- Y3X25) Ly mt khi lng cc kim loi km, nhm, magie, st ln lt tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfulong. Cc kim loi tc dng ht vi axit th kim loi no cho nhiu hiro nht:

A- Km B- Nhm C- Magie D- St



33/143

Trng THCS Qunh Lp B dy hc sinh gi********************************************************************************************II/ Phn t lun(16,0 im)

Bi 1(3,0 im): Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc s phn ng sau:1/ FeS2 + O2 ----> Fe2O3 + SO22/ KOH + Al2(SO4)3 ----> K2SO4 + Al(OH)33/ FeO + HNO3 ----> Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O4/ FexOy + CO ----> FeO + CO2

5/ CxHyCOOH + O2 ----> CO2 + H2OBi 2(3,0 im): Nu cc th d chng minh rng oxi l mt n cht phi kim rt hot ng (bit nhit cao). Trn c s hy so snh vi tnh cht ho hc c bn ca n cht hiVit phng trnh minh ho.

Bi 3(3,0 im): Cho cc oxit c cng thc sau: SO3, Fe2O3, K2O, N2O5, Mn2O7, NO.1/ Nhng oxit no thuc loi oxit axit, oxitbaz? v sao?2/ c tn tt c cc oxit. Vit cng thc cu to ca cc oxit axit.

Bi 4(3,0 im): Dn t t 8,96 lt H2 (ktc) qua m gam oxit st FexOy nung nng. Sau phn c 7,2 gam nc v hn hp A gm 2 cht rn nng 28,4 gam (phn ng xy ra hon ton).

1/ Tm gi tr m?2/ Lp cng thc phn t ca oxit st, bit A c cha 59,155% khi lng st n cht.

Bi 5(4,0 im): 17,92 lt hn hp X gm hiro v axetilen C2H2 (ktc) c t khi so vi nit l 0t hn hp vi 51,2 gam kh oxi. Phn ng xong, lm lnh hi nc ngng t ht c hn hp kh

1/ Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra.2/ Xc nh % th tch v % khi lng ca Y.

Cho: Fe = 56; Al = 27; Mg = 24; Zn = 65; C =12; O = 16

s 24Bi 1 (1,5 im) Lp phng trnh ha hc ca cc s phn ng sau:

1) KOH + Al2(SO4)3 K2SO4 + Al(OH)3 2) FexOy + CO0t FeO + CO2

3)CnH2n-2 + ? CO2 + H2O. 4)FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2

5) Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O

Bi 2: (1,5 im)Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc l ha cht b mt nhn gm: CaO; P 2O5; MgO v Na2O cht bt mu trng ?Bi 3:(2,5 im)

t chy hon ton 4,48 lt H2 trong 3,36 lt O2 .Ngng t sn phm thu c cht lng A v kh B .Cho ton b khphn ng ht vi 5,6 gam Fe thu c hn hp cht rn C. Ho tan ton b cht rn C vo dung dch cha 14,6 gam HClc dung dch D v kh E.Xc nh cc cht c trong A,B,C,D,E. Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong A, C v s mol cc cht c trong dung dch D.

Bit : 3Fe + 2O20t Fe3O4

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2Fe3O4 + 8 HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O(Cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun )

Bi 4:(2,25 im)Mt hn np kh ca Nit gm: NO, NO2; NxO bit thnh phn phn % v th tch cc kh trong hn np l: % V

50% ;2

% 25%NOV = . Thnh phn % v khi lng NO c trong hn hp l 40%. Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca kh NxO.

Bi 5: (2,25 im)



34/143


Nung 400gam vi cha 90% CaCO3 phn cn li l tr. Sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn X v kh Y

a.Tnh khi lng cht rn X bit hiu sut phn hu CaCO3 l 75%

b. Tnh % khi lng CaO trong cht rn X v th tch kh Y thu c ( KTC)

s 25Cu 1: (3) Hy khoanh trn vo ch ci u cu m em cho l ng.1.Dy cng thc sau ton l oxt, axt:

A. C02; H20; Fe 203; P205 B. C02; S03; Mn07; Cr03

C. Cu0; S03 ; CaO ; P205 D. Na0; S02; N203; Al203

2. t chy hon ton 1g n cht x cn 0,7 lt kh 02 ( iu kin TC) vy x l:

A. Cc bon B. Lu hunh C. St D. Pht pho

3.Khi cho x lin kt vi oxi c cng thc X203, Y lin kt vi hyr c cng thc HY

Nu X lin kt vi Y c cng thc no trong cc cng thc sau:

A: XY B: X2Y3 C: XY3 D: X3Y E: X2Y

Cu 2: (5) Cho s phn ng sau:

a.FeS2 X Y Z CuS04

A + M,t0 +G B

b. A +N, t0 Fe

A +Q, t0 +H C

Bit: A + HCl B + C + H20

Tm cc cht c k hiu bng cc ch ci v hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc .

Cu 3: (2) Mt kim loi A (cha r ho tr ) c t l khi lng oxi l 3/7%A. tm cng thc oxt kloi .

Cu 4: (4) t chy hon ton 15g hn hp gm CH4 v C0 trong khng kh thu c 16,8 lt (ktc)

a. Tnh % khi lng cc kh trong hn hp bn u.

b. Tnh th tch khng kh cn dng.

Cu 5: (6) t chy hon ton m1 gam nc ho tan va 16g kali oxt (K20). Bit t l s mnCO2 : nH2O to thnh l: 1: 2

a. Tnh khi lng m1 ca hp cht X dng.



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b.Tnh th tch kh CO2

p n s 25Cu 1: (3)

1: B (1)

2: B (1)3: C (1)

Cu 2: (3)

a. S phn ng

FeS2 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 CuSO4 (1)

to

4FeS2 + 11O2 2FeO3 + 8SO2 (0,5)

2SO2 + O2 2SO3 (0,5)

SO3 + H2O H2SO4 (0,5)

CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O (0,5)

b.Fe3O4 + CO, tO +Cl2 FeCl3 (1)

Fe2O4 +Al, to Fe

Fe2O4 + H2, tO

+HCl FeCl2

Fe3O4 + 4CO 3Fe + 4CO2 (0,25)

3Fe3O4 + 8Cl 9Fe + 4AlO3 (0,25)

Fe3 + 4H2 3Fe + 4H2O (0,25)

2Fe + 3Cl2 FeCl2 + H2 (0,25)



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Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (0,25)

Fe3O4 + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O (0,5)

Cu 3: (2) Gi A l nguyn t kim loi, tng s phn oxi v kim loi A l 3/7% + % A = 10/7%

Mt khc %0 + % A = 100% %A = 70% (2) %0 = 30%

Nu gi n l ho tr ca A ta c cng thc oxt A2On ta c t l v khi lng

2A = 16n A = 56n (0,5)

Kim loi thng c gi tr t 1 n 3

n 1 2 3

A 18,7 37,3 56

Chn n = 3 A l Fe (Fe = 56) (0,5)

Cu 4: (4)

Phng trnh ho hc sy ra

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O (1) (0,5)

2CO + O2 2CO2 (2) (0,25)

S mol ca CO2 thu c (ktc)

nCO2 = 16,8 = 0,75 (mol) (0,25)

22,4

Nu gi x l s mol ca CO2 phng trnh (1) Y l s mol phng trnh (2) ta c:

x+ y = 0,75 (a) (0,25)

Theo phng trnh ho hc (1) nCH4 = nCO2 = x (mol)

Theo PTHH (2) nCO = nCO2 = y (mol)

Theo bi ra ta c: 16x + 28y = 15 (g) (b) (0,5)

T (a) va (b) ta c x = 0,25 (0,5) y = 0,5

a. Phn trm v khi lng cc kh hn hp ban u mCH4 = 16 . 0,25 = 4g

% CH4 = 4/15 . 100% = 26,66% (0,5) % CO = 100% - 26,66% = 73,34% (0,5

b. T phng trnh ho hc ta c :

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

0,25mol 0,25 mol



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2CO + O2 2CO2

1/2 . 0,5mol 0,5 mol

Vy th tch oxi cn dng (ktc) V02 = (0,25 + 1/2 .0,5) 22,4 = 11,2 (1) (0,5)

V trong khng kh oxi chim 1/5 v th tch Nn Vkk = 11,2 x 5 = 56 (1) (0,5)

Cu 5: a)S mol ca oxi, K2O cn dng l

VO2 = Vkk = 22,4 = 4,48 (0,5)

5 5

n02 = 4,48 = 0,2 (mol)

22,4

m02 = 0,2 . 32 = 6,4 (g)

nk20 = 16,8 0,2(mol) (0,5)

84

Theo ra ta c x + O2 CO2 + 2H2O (1) (0,5)

Theo lBTKL mx + mO2 + mH2O (0,5)

K2O + H2O 2KOH (2) (0,5)

1mol 1mol 1mol

x = 0,2 . 1 = 0,2 mol (0,5)

1

mH2O = 0,2 . 18 = 3,6 (g) m2 = 3,6 (g) (0,5)

T (1) mCO2 = 0,1 . 44 = 4,4 (g) (theo gi thuyt ) (3)

NCO2 : nH2O = 1: 2) (0,5)

T (1) v (2) v (3) mX = (mCO2 + mH2O) Mx = (4,4 + 3,6) - 6,4 = 1,6 (g) (1) Vy = 1,6 (g)

b) Th tch kh CO2 thu c ktc l VCO2 = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (1) (1) ./.

s 26Cu 1: (2 im)a) c tn cc cht sau :

K2O :MgCl2 :NaNO3 :Al(OH)3 :b)Vit cng thc ho hc cc cht sau:



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St(II) oxit :Axit sunfur :Km hirxit :Ch Cacbonat :Cu 2 : ( 1im)A vi ct B cho ph hp :

A) B)T khi i vi khng kh : Khi lng mol ca cht kh

2 78,31,74 322,7 50,51,52 44,1

58Cu 3: (3 im)a)Tnh khi lng ca hn hp kh gm 6,72 lt H2 , 17,92 lt N2 v 3,36 lt CO2 ?b) Tnh s ht vi m ( phn t) c trong hn hp kh trn , vi N= 6.1023 ?Cu 4: ( 2im)

2 gam mui thu ngn clorua , c chuyn ho thnh Hg v Cl bng cch tnng vi cht thch hp thu c 4gam Hg .a,Tnh khi lng clo kt hp vi 4g Hg ?b,C bao nhiu mol nguyn t clo trong khi lng trn ?c,C bao nhiu mol nguyn t Hg trong 4g Hg?T cu tr li (b) v (c) , hy tm cng thc ho hc ca mui thu ngn clorua trn ?

( Cho bit Hg = 200 , Cl = 35,5)Cu 5 : ( 2im)K2SO3 + HCl ------ KCl + H2O + SO2

Cho 39,5 g K2SO3 vo dung dch c 14,6g HCl .a.Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc ?b,Tnh khi lng cht tham gia phn ng cn tha trong dung dch ?

p n 26Cu3:(3im)) Khi lng H2 : ( 6,72 : 22,4) x 2 = 0,6(g) (0,5)) Khi lng N2 : (17,92: 22,4) x 28 = 22,4(g) (0,5)) Khi lng CO2 : ( 3,36 : 22,4) x 44 = 0,6(g) (0,5)) Khi lng hn hp : 0,6 + 22,4 + 6,6 = 29,6(g) (0,5) ht vi m (phn t ) trong hn hp :6,72 + 17,92 + 3,36) : 22,4 x 6.10 23 =7,5.1023 (pt) (1)

Cu4:(2im)) mcl = 5,42 4 = 1,42(g) (0,5)) ncl = 1,42 : 35,5 = 0,04 (mol) (0,5)) nHg = 4 : 200 = 0,02 (mol) (0,5)) nHg : n Cl = 0,02 : 0,04 = 1 : 2

CTHH : HgCl2 (0,5)

Cu5:(2im)) K2SO3 + 2HCl 2KCl + H2O + SO2 (0,25)nK2SO3 = (39,5 : 158) = 0,25 (mol) (0,25)nHCl = (14,6: 36,5) = 0,4 (mol) (0,25)

0,25 0,4T l s mol > K2SO3 d , th tch SO2 tnh theo HCl

1 2 (0,25)Th tch SO2 (ktc) :22,4 x 0,2 = 4,48 (l) (0,5)n K2SO3 d : 0,25 0,2 = 0,05 (mol)d : 0,05 x 158 = 7,9(g) (0,5)



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s 27u 1: (2 im)c ho hc no ng ,cng thc ho hc no sai , sa cng thc sai .

2O , Fe3O2 , Al(OH)3 , MgCl2 , Na(NO3)2 , H2SCTHH ng CTHH sai Sa CTHH sai

u 2: (1 im)C th thu nhng kh di y vo bnh : H2 , Cl2 ,NH3 , CO2 , SO2 , CH4ng cch :

t ng bnh :.t ngc bnh :

u 3 : (2im) Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc sau :l + Cl2 ----- AlCl3a + H2O ----- NaOH + H2e2O3 + HCl ----- FeCl3 + H2OeS2 + O2 ----- Fe2O3 + SO2

u 4 : ( 2 im)nh nng % v nng M ca dung dch khi ho tan 14,3 gam xa (Na 2CO3. 10H2O) vo 35,7 g nc . Bit th tch dung dch bng th tch nc .u 5: ( 3 im)ho 2,8g mt hp cht A tc dng vi Ba ri clorua . Tnh khi lng Bari sunfat v Natri clo rua to thnh . Bit :ng Mol ca hp cht A l 142g

- %Na =32,39% ; %S = 22,54% ; cn li l oxi ( hp cht A )

s 28I)PHN TRC NGHIM : (3im)Hy khoanh trn vo ch ci u cu ca phng n em cho l ng .

u 1: (0,5 im)guyn t cacbon c khi lng bng 1,9926.10 -23g. Khi lng tnh bng ca nguyn tat ri l :

3,82 . 10 -23 g B. 3,82 . 10 -22 g 3,82 . 10 -21 g D.Tt c u sai .u2 : ( 0,5im)

Hy la chn dy CTHH ng ca cc hp cht :) N3H , Al2O3 , H2S , NO2 , CO2) NH3 , Al2O3 , H2S , NO2 , CO3) NH3 , Al2O3 , H2S , N2O5 , CO) NH3, Al3O2 , H2S , N2O5 , CO2u 3: (0,5 im)ho bit CTHH hp cht ca nguyn t X vi S(II) v hp cht ca nguyn t Y vi H nhu : X2S3 , YH3 ,y chn cng thc ho hc ng trong cc hp cht ca Xv Y sau y :) X2Y , B) XY2 , C) XY , D) X3Y2u 4: (0,5 im)ho s d phn ng sau :e(OH)y + H2SO4 ----------- Fex(SO4)y + H2Oy chn x,y bng cc ch s thch hp no sau y lp c PTHH trn ( bit x = y )) x =1 , y =2 B) x = 2 , y = 3) x =3 , y =1 D) Tt c u sai .u 5: ( 0,5im)ho hn hp gm 2 mui A2SO4 v BSO4 c khi lng 44,2 g tc dng va vi 62,4gaCl2 trong dung dch th cho 69,9g kt ta Ba SO4 v 2mui tan . Khi lng 2 mui tan sauhn ng l :

A) 36,8g , B) 36,7 g , C) 38 g , D) 40gu 6: (0,5im)hi t chy 1 mol cht x cn 2,5 mol O2 th thu c 2 mol kh CO2 v 1 mol nc . Cht x cng thc phn t no sau y :

A)C2H4 , B) C2H2 , C) C2H6 , D) C4H10



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)PHN T LUN : (7im)u 1: (1 im)t cht lng d bay hi , thnh phn phn t c 23,8% C , 5,9% H , v 70,3% Cl , c phnkhi bng 50,5 . Tm cng thc ho hc ca hp cht trn .

u 2: (3 im)rn ln 50g dung dch NaOH 8% vi 450g dung dch NaOH 20% .

a, Tnh nng phn trm dung dch sau khi trn ?b,Tnh th tch dung dch sau khi trn , bit khi lng ring dung dch ny l 1,1g/ml ?

u 3: (3 im)ho 22g hn hp 2 kim loi Nhm v st tc dng vi dung dch HCl d . Trong nhmhim 49,1% khi lng hn hp .Tnh khi lng a xit HCl cn dng ?Tnh th tch Hir sinh ra ?( ktc)Cho ton b H2 trn i qua 72g CuO nung nng . Tnh khi lng cht rn sau phn ng ?

p n s 28Cu 1 : ACu 2 : CCu 3 : CCu 4 : BCu 5 : BCu 6 : B

s 29I)PHN TRC NGHIM : (4im)

u 1: (3 im)y khoanh trn vo ch ci u cu ca phng n em cho l ng .Nu cho cng s mol mi kim loi : K , Ca , Al , ln lt tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl kim loi no cho nhiu Hidro hn ?) Al , B) Ca , C) K , D) Al v KCho bit CTHH hp cht ca nguyn t A vi S(II) v hp cht ca nguyn t B vi O

h sau : AS, B2O3 . Hy chn cng thc ho hc ng trong cc hp cht ca A v B sau y :) AB , B) A2B2 , C) A3B2 , D) A2B3S phn ng :

l(OH)y + H2SO4 ----------- Alx(SO4)y + H2Oy chn x,y bng cc ch s thch hp no sau y lp c PTHH trn ( bit x = y )

) x =3 , y =1 B) x = 1 , y = 2) x =2 , y =3 D) x =3 , y = 2Nguyn t Cacbon c khi lng bng 1,9926.10 23g

hi lng thc ca nguyn t oxi tnh ra gam c th l :/ 2,6568 .10 22g B/ 2,6 .10 23g/ 1,328.10 22g D/ 2,6568 .10 23gHy la chn dy cng thc ho hc ng ca cc hp cht :

/ Fe(NO3)2 , CuCl2 , NaSO4 , Ca3(PO4) 2/ Fe(NO3)3 , CuCl3 , Na2SO4 , Ca3(PO4) 2/ Fe(NO3)2 , CuCl2 , Na2SO4 , Ca(PO4) 2/ Fe(NO3)2 , CuCl2 , Na2SO4 , Ca3(PO4) 2

Trong mui ngm nc Na2CO3 . xH2O , Na2CO3 chim 37,07% v khi lng , x c gil :A) 9 , B) 8 , C) 7 , D) 10

u2 : ( 1im)

Hy in ch vo ca cu ng , ch S vo ca cu sai .a) Trong khng kh c nguyn t oxi tn ti dng t do .

b) Trong khng kh c nguyn t oxi .c) Kh Sunfur to bi nguyn t lu hunh v nguyn t oxi .d) Kh Sunfur to bi 2 nguyn t lu hunh v oxi . I)PHNT LUN: (6im)

u 1: (2 im) nhng cht kh sau : Nit , Cacbon ioxit ( kh Cacbonic) , Neon ( Ne l kh tr ) , oxietan (CH4)a,Kh no lm cho than hng chy sng ? Vit PTHHb,Kh no lm c nc vi trong ? Vit PTHHc,Kh no lm tt ngn nn ang chy ? Gii thchd,Kh no trong cc kh trn l kh chy ? Vit PTHH



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u 2: (2 im)t chy 1,3g bt nhm trong kh Clo ngi ta thu c 6,675g hp cht nhm clorua .Gi

cha bit ho tr ca Al v Cl .a,Tm CTHH ca nhm clorua ?b,Tnh khi lng ca kh clo tc dng vi nhm ?

u 3: ( 2 im) phn ng :

NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O

+Lp PTHH ca phn ng trn ?+Nu dng 22g CO2 tc dng vi 1 lng NaOH va , hy tnh khi lng Na2CO3iuch c ?+Bng thc nghim ngi ta iu ch c 25g Na2CO3 . Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh thcnghim ?

p m s 294:

I)PHN TRC NGHIM: (4)Cu 1 : (3)Lm ng mi cu nh 0,5im .1/ A 2/ C 3/ C 4/ D 5/ D 6/ DCu 2 :

s a) b) s c) d)

II)PHN T LUN (6)Cu1: ng mi cu nh (0,5)a) oxi C + O2 CO2b) Cacbon ioxit CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2Oc) Nit , cacbon ioxit , neonCc kh ny khng chy v khng di tr s chy .d) m tan CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2OCu 2: (2)-Xc nh c CTHH ca nhm clorua : AlCl3 (1,5)-Tnh khi lng kh Clo (0,5)Cu3: (2)- Vit PTHH (0,25)

- nCO2 (0,25)

-Xc nh s mol Na2CO3 (0,25)-Khi lng Na2CO3 (0,25)

Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh . (1)

s 30 bi:Cu 1: Hy nu cc du hiu nhn bit c phn ng ho hc xy ra.Cu 2: Trong thc t ngi ta p nh vi ri xp vo l nung nhit khong 1000 oC

khi nung thu c vi sng v c kh cacbonioxit thot ra t ming l, cho vi sng vo nc tac vi ti.

Em hy ch r hin tng vt l, hin tng ho hc trong cc qu trnh trnCu 3: Mt bn hc sinh ghi CTHH ca cc cht nh sau: Fe2O3, CO3, AlS, S2O3, MgO, N2O3, Ca

HCl3,NO3, N5O2. Em hy xc nh CTHH no ng ,CTHH no sai, nu sai sa li cho ngCu 4: Lp PTHH biu din cc phn ng sau:

a, Khi ru etylic chy l n tc dng vi oxi trong khng kh to thnh kh cacbonic v hi ncb, Khi t phot pho, cht ny ho hp vi oxi to thnh mt cht rn l anhiritphotphoric

Cu 5: Xc nh cng thc ho hc n gin ca cht kh A bit thnh phn phn trm th

khi lng ca cc nguyn t l 82,35% N v 17,65% H v (d2H

A = 8,5)

Cu 6: Mt hn hp kh gm c 32 gam O2 v 3 gam H2a, Cho bit th tch ca hn hp kh ktc ?b, t hn hp kh, phn ng xong ngui v cho bit:

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100 de thi hoc sinh gioi hoa

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