11

Unit 3

Language in use.

• be pleased with• compared with• even enough• take photos• manage to do • some memory of•Congratulations to sb.• welcome sb. to

• 对……满意• 与……相比• 即使• 拍照•设法作某事• 对…的记忆 /回忆• 祝贺某人• 欢迎某人去…

He’s the boy who won the photo competition last year!

The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min.

A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize.

1.Complete the poster for the photo competition. Use that , which or who. There

are more than one answer.

Photo competitionSend us your photos and win a new camera!

● We need photos ____________ show daily life at school.● Your photos should record interesting things ____________ happen at school, inside the classroom or outside.

that

that/which

● The photos ____________ you take should be active, beautiful and true.● The photos ____________ you send should include some words about them.● The size of the photos ____________ you take should be 9cm × 13cm.● Students ____________ enter the competition should be between 10 and 16 years old.

that /which

that /which

that /which

that /who

● The last date on ____________ you should send your photos is 30th November.● The lucky person ____________ wins the competition will receive a new camera.

that /which

that /who

Get your camera and start taking your photos now!

Learning to learn

In many English-speaking countries, twosystems of measurement are used: imperial (inch, foot, yard, mile, pound) and metric(millimetre, centimetre, metre, kilometre, kilogram). You also need to recognise their short forms (in, ft, yd, mi, lb, mm, cm, m, km, kg).

2. Complete the sentences so that they are

true

for you.1.I like the writer who____________________

_________.

2. I would like to visit a place that

_____________________________.

3. I go to a school which

____________________________.

can write the terrorist

people here are very friendly

stories

is not far from my home.

4. My favourite band is the one that

_______________________.

5. I have never seen a doctor who

________________________________________

.

6. I want to take a photo which

________________________________________

.

7. Our teacher is the man who

________________________________________

.

is good at rock music.

always treats his patient as his family.

includes all of our family members.

has twenty years’ teaching experience.

I like the photo which...I don’t like the photo which...The photo which... is...

3. Work in pairs. Talk about the two photos.

I like the photo which the two girls look very happy.

Then talk about the people in the photos.

The girl who...

Now ask questions about the photos and write

down your answers.

--Which photo...?

--The one...?

The girl who wears blue jeans is comforting her unhappy friend.

-Which photo do you like best?- The one that the two girls are laughing.

4. Work in pairs. Look around the class and describe someone or something to your partner. Can your partner guess who or what you are describing?

She is a girl who has glasses and long hair.It is something that you use to paint pictures.

×× is my classmate who is so cool. He always wears sun glasses. His skin is antique brass. He likes wearing famous brand clothes, such as LiNing and Nike. He is fond of badminton and is addicted in playing computer games. He is from the town called ××.We get along well with each other .

Possible sample:

5. Complete the conversation with the expressions in the box.

by the way, even though, far from, thousands of, try… out

Jerry: Hi, how are you? I haven’t seen you for a long time... Wow, is that a new camera, (1)___________ ?Tina: Yes. I dropped my old one, and it was too expensive to repair. So I bought a new one. This one is much better. It’s so much lighter and easier to use than the old one.

by the way

I’ve learnt how to work it already, (2)____________ I’ve only had it for a couple of days. And I don’t have to worry about getting prints of all the photos - I can store (3)_____________ photos on my computer!Jerry: Wow, that’s great! I’m thinking of getting a camera too. Do you mind if I (4)______ it _____ ?Tina: Of course not. Let’s walk past the lake. It’s not (5)__________ here. The lake would make a really good photo.

even though

thousands of

try out

far from

6. Read the passage and complete the table.

The early development of photography

In 1827, a Frenchman named Niépce needed pictures for his business. But he was not good at art. So he invented a camera which was very simple, and put it in a window in his house. He took a picture of his garden, and this became the first successful photograph. The next important date in the history of

photography was in the early1830s. At that time, a new kind of camera was invented. The man who invented it was Daguerre, also French. He took a picture of his reading room. In his picture, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest things. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s method. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains which they could show their families and friends.

After 1840, photography developed further. People could take pictures of moving things, although it was not simple. They had to carry a lot of film and other kinds of tools. But this did not stop them, especially in the US. In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography.Anyone who wanted to take photos could buy film in small boxes, so they did not have to make the film themselves. Photography became a kind of art by the end of the nineteenth century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world.

They showed ideas and feelings, just as other kinds of art do.

When What happenedIn 1827

In the early 1830sAfter 1840

In the 1880s

By the end of the nineteenth century

A simple camera was invented.

A new king of camera was invented.

Photography developed further.New inventions began to change photography.

Photography became a kind of arts.

7. Listen and complete the sentences.

1.The first successful photo was produced in ______________ .2. Because it took a long time to take a photo, people in early photos did not______________ .3. The first photographer needed to know how to__________ and_________ them.4. Kodak introduced a camera that could be

used by everyone in_____________ .

1827

smile

take photos develop

1888

5. Kodak’s camera was_______ and__________ than any of the earlier cameras.6. Cameras with computer technology were introduced in______________ .

Around the world

A famous photo

Photos can change the way we think about things. This picture of the earth from space was taken by William Anders on the Apollo 8 trip into

smaller lighter

1990s

space. Even though now we can see many pictures of the earth from space, at that time, people were not used to seeing photos of the earth like this. It made people think about how small and beautiful the earth was, and how we need to take care of it. It has been called the most important environmental photograph ever taken. What do you think of it?

Making a photo display

8. Choose your favourite photo and describe it.

● Choose the photo you like best.● Write a passage or story about it. Say what/who it is in the photo, and why it is important to you.

9. Work in groups. Talk about your photo. Use the passage or story you have written in Activity 8 to help you.

● Show the group your photo. Tell them why you like it, and why it is important to you.● Answer questions your group may have.● Listen to the other members of your group talk about their photos.

10. Show your photos from the group to the whole class and talk about them.

Who, which 引导的定语从句。1.Who 引导的定语从句。 如果先行词是人，那么定语从句的引导词可用

who. who 可在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。作宾语是也可用 who 的宾语 whom.

The policeman who helped us was tall. ( 做主语 )

Is that the actor who/whom you talked about yesterday? ( 做宾语 )

注意：若引导词紧接在介词之后，只能用whom,而不用 who.Is that the actor about whom you talked yesterday? 那是昨天你们谈论的那个演员吗？2. Which 引导的定语从句

如果先行词是物，那么定语从句的引导词可用which. Which 在定语从句中可作主语或者宾语。She told us a story which moved us deeply.她给我们讲了一个让我们深受感动的故事

( 做主语 )

( 做宾语 )

The house which they lived in was very modern.他们住的房子很现代化

特别提醒：在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下 that 和 which 都可以通用 ,  但在下列情况下 ,  一般用 that 而不用 which 。

1).  先行词 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much  等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something that  you can borrow.     我确信她有你可以借的东西。

(1). that 指代某物，某事时

 2). 先行词被 all, little, much, every, no,  等修饰 时。 You can borrow all the books that you want to read in our school library.在我们图书馆，你可以借任何你想借的书。3). 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that he has read.这是他读的第一本书。

  4). 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。This is the factory that they visited last year.这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。

5). 先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物。He talked happily of the writer and his book that Interested him. 他高兴地谈到了他感兴趣的作家和他的书。

6). 若主句中有疑问代词 who  或者 which ，为了避免重复 ,  关系代词不要再用 who, which ，而用 that 。They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.他们见了一个工厂，生产以前从未见过的东西。

(2). that 指代某人时1). 主句是以主语的 who 开头的特殊疑问句为了避免重复时。Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?和我们校长说话的那个人是谁？2). 先行词前有 the same 时This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.这和去年给我们做报告的是同一个人。3). 关系代词在定语从句中做表语时He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago. 他变了，他再也不是十年前的那个人了。

一 . 单项选择1. Jane is one of the students in the class_____

have ever been to China.

A.who B. whose C. which D. whom

2. I’ve become good friends with several of the

students in my school_____ I met in the English

speech contest last year.

A. who B. where C. when D. which

A

A

3. The teachers ___came for a visit are foreigners.A.who B. whom C. whose D. which4. The man ___ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist.A. who B. which C. what D. where5.The students in the higher grades___ I met in a football game are my good friends now.A. when B. which C. who D. where6. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ___you had with your dad yesterday.A.what B. which C. when D. who

A

A

C

B

7. We don’t like people__ talk too much but never do anything. A. whose B. who C. when D. which8. John is the boy___ got the first prize.A. whose B. where C. who D. which9.-Who is your new head teacher this semester? - The woman___ is wearing a red shirt.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which10. Mary Smith has some friends____ are different from her.A. whose B. which C. who D. how

B

C

B

C

二 . 选择恰当的关系代词 that, which, who 或 whom 填空。

1.The man _______ is surfing the Internet over there is our Chinese teacher.2. – Who is the boy? Do you know him? --Yes, he is Tom______________ I often play with.3. China is a great country____________ has about 5,000 years of history.4. We should give a hand to the people________ need help.5. All the students__________ come from Class Five will visit the History Museum.

who/that

who/that/whom

that/which

that/who

who/that

Finish the exercises in

the workbook.