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1638

Optimum Condition of Extracting Collagen from

Chicken Feet and

its Characetristics

D. C. Liu! ". #. Lin and $. %. Chen

Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 ao uang !"#, $aichung, $ai%an&022', !(C

&'(%)&C% * $he o)*ective of this research %as to evaluate alternative treatments for the )est e+traction

con"ition for collagen from chicen feet# arious properties such as chemical composition, amino aci", pH,

s%elling percentage, yiel" an" pure collagen, collagen loss, color .Hunter /, a an" ) an" electrophoresis of

collagen from chicen feet treate" )y 51 aci"s .acetic aci", citric aci"# hy"rochloric aci" an" lactic aci"an" soaing times .2, 2&, 34 an" & h %ere evaluate"# $he cru"e protein, fat, ash an" moisture contents of

chicen feet %as '#&2, 2#0&, 5#6 an" 42#051, respectively# Amino aci" composition of collagen from

chicen feet in"icate" that the protein of collagen %as mare"ly hy"roli7e" )y the hy"rochloric aci"

treatment# $he result of electrophoresis also supporte" this phenomenon# 8oth the s%elling percentage of lactic

aci" an" citric aci" treatments %ere significantly higher than that of acetic aci" an" HC treatment# $he pH of

the aci" treatments range" from 2#&3-3#42# Accor"ing to the result of yiel", pure collagen an" loss of collagen,

the )est con"ition of e+tracting collagen from chicen feet %as soae" in 51 lactic aci" for 34 h# Ho%ever, a

)righter yello% color of collagen from all treatments %as o)serve" %ith a longer soaing time# (Asian-Aust. J.

Anim. Sci. 2001. Vo114, No. 11 : 1638-1644)

#e+ ,ords * Chicen 9eet, Collagen, S%elling :ercentage

-%)OD/C%-O

Collagen is the most a)un"ant an" u)i;uitous

protein in

the )o"y an" %hich accounts for a)out thirty

percent of the

total human )o"y protein# $here e+ist at least

fourteen

genetically "istinct types of collagen# $he most

familiar,

type

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in"icate" that type

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follo%ing

proce"ures# $he groun" chicen feet %ere mi+e"

%ith 51

of "ifferent aci" solutions .acetic aci",

citric aci",

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C(//A>EN 9!(? CH

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$he so"ium "o"ecyl sulfate .SDS

polyacrylami"e gel .containing '#51

acrylami"e %as utili7e" to "istinguish

"ifferent types of collagen from chicen

feet .(Driscoll et

al#, 65# A volume of 0-20 L/? program an"

Duncans ne% multiple range test foun"

in the SAS system .66#

)E(/L%( &D D-(C/((-O

%he chemical composition and amino acid contents

$he chemical composition of

chicen feet is sho%n in

ta)le # Data in"icate" that chicen feet

containe" a lo%er

protein content .'#&21 than that of

calf sin .30-351

an" pig sin .31 .8alian an" 8o%es,

6''= Cho%, 6=

8ailey an" /ight, 66# $he collagen

amount of chicen

feet %as 6#0'1 %hich is also lo%er than

that of sin, ten"on,)one, stomach an" lung of mammalian

animals .5-651,

)ut higher than other organs such as

i"ney an" liver

.8alian an" 8o%es, 6''= 8ailey an"

/ight, 66# $he

moisture content %as 42#051 %hich is

similar to that of calf

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an" pig sin .40-'31 )ut ha" a higher

ash content .5#61

than that of pig sin .0#351 .Cho%,

6= Kang, 66

$he higher ash content of chicen feet

coul" )e cause" )y a

high level of )one resi"ue# $he cru"e fatcontent of chicen

feet %as 2#0&1 an" range" )et%een pig

sin .20-251 an"

calf sin .-01 .8alian an" 8o%es,

6''= Cho%, 6#

$he amino aci" composition of

chicen feet an"

collagens from chicen feet soae"

%ith 51 of various

aci"s .acetic aci", citric aci",

hy"rochloric aci" an" lactic

aci" for 34 h is sho%n in ta)le 2#Asghar an" Henricson

.62 state" that t%enty or t%enty-

one "ifferent amino

aci"s are no%n to )e present in "ifferent

collagen types#

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.6''# A higher percentage a)out 2#2,

32#4 an" 341 of

glycine %ere foun" in collagen

from chicen feet

in"ivi"ually soae" %ith 51 lactic

aci", acetic aci" an"

citric aci" respectively# A very lo%percentage a)out 23#'1

of glycine %as foun" in collagen from

chicen feet soae"

%ith hy"rochloric aci" %hen

compare" to the other

treatments# At the same time, the

other 20 amino aci"

contents of collagen from chicen

feet soae" %ith

hy"rochloric aci" for 34 h %ere higher

than those of the

other treatments# $hese results suggestthat amino aci" of

chicen feet collagen can )e seriously

)roen "o%n )y

strong aci" an" resulte" in the "ecrease

of the ma*or amino

aci" contents# Ho%ever, the amino

aci" composition of

chicen collagen soae" %ith acetic

aci", citric aci" an" lactic aci" is similar

to that of collagen from pig sin an" co%

sin .Asghar an" Henricson, 62#

%he s4elling percentage and p

/i .663 state" that collagen can )e

s%elle" "ue to

%eaening of )in"ing a)ility )et%een

collagen interior

molecular structure %hen pH is lo%ere" to

& or raise" up to

0#

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nJ0#

alues are mean O stan"ar" "eviation#

a)Rc ?eans %ithin the same column %ithout the same

superscript are significantly "ifferent .pP0#05# +RR7

?eans %ithin the same ro% %ithout the same superscript are

significantly "ifferent .pP0#05#

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C(//A>EN 9!(? CH

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Collagen .1 :ure collagen g I 00gCollagen loss .1

'#25O0#64c 5#&4O0#30c36#0 O #25e

'#2O2#3&c 5#23O0#'2c&2#3&O2#0

#00O2#43c 5#36O0#43c&4O#23e

#3 O #c 5#44O0#54c3'#40O2#e

2O2#0&Q .O0#3cO#6&

2'0O#40Q O0#22&53#6O#05c"

2'O#50Q 3#4O0#2&&5'#&&O3#2c

25#0&O0#42a O0#c&'#0O2#'&

4#25O#3& 0#&6O0#06eO5#32Q

5#4&O0#&0e 0#'6O0#05f 6#26Oa

+O0#23e 0#'6O0#05f 6#26O#34a5#4&O0#2e 0#'O0#0&f 6#'5O2#5a

25#O#0aQ '#63O0#32a2#4O0#&5

2O0#6Q '#5O0#2Q4#&3O#23f

2#&0O0#5'aQ '#'2O0#aO#2f

30#00O#36a '#''O0#&5a!O#0&f

?eans %ithin the same column %ithout the same superscript are significantly "ifferent .pP0#05#

collagen "eclines# $he pH values of

chicen feet %ith

"ifferent aci"s an" soaing times are

sho%n in ta)le $he

pH values of chicen feet soae" %ith

51 acetic aci" for

"ifferent soaing times range" from 3#&&

to 3#42, an" %as

significantly higher .pP0#05 than that of

treatments %ith

citric aci" .2#&3-2#43 an" lactic aci"

.2#5&-2#'2# $he pH of

chicen feet soae" %ith

hy"rochloric aci" %asnt

"etermine" in this e+periment "ue to a

very lo% pH value in

this treatment# $he relationship of

pH an" s%elling

percentage ha" )een reporte" )y several

%orers# !ose

.64 state" that )ovine sin s%elle"

%ith 21 lactic aci" at

pH 2#5-3#' for 2&-& h# Cho% .6 also

in"icate" that the

largest s%elling percentage of pig sin%as at pH 2#5 .51

lactic aci" an" 2#5, 2'HC for &5 h# $he

results of the

present stu"y %ere agree" %ith the results

of the previous

researchers# No "ifferences %ere foun"

among pH value

an" s%elling percentage of chicen feet

after soaing 34 h

%ith any aci" treatments .ta)les 3 an"

"ield! collagen content! collagen>100 g

chicken feet and

collagen loss

$he "ata of yiel", collagen content,

collagenI 00 g

chicen feet an" collagen loss of chicen

feet from various

51 aci"s an" soaing times are sho%n in

ta)le 5# $he yiel"

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Figure 1. SDS-gel electrophoretogram of collagen from chicen feet treate" %ith 51

"ifferent aci"s .A-acetic aci", C-citric aci", /-lactic aci" an" H-hy"rochloric aci" for

2, 2&, 34 an" & h, in"ivi"ually# ?- collagen type -- .Sigma, Co#

of cru"e collagen from acetic aci" an"lactic aci" treatments

%ere significantly higher .pP0#05 than

that of the other t%o

treatments# 9rom ta)le 5, the lo%est

cru"e collagen yiel"

%as foun" from hy"rochloric aci" at

various soaing times#

Kang .66& state" that collagen can )e

"igeste" or )roen

"o%n yiel"ing amino aci"s an" pepti"es

)y concentrate"

hy"rochloric aci", an" the "igestive

"egree %asntcontrolle" %ell# $herefore, in this stu"y

a large collagen

loss .-6#261 from chicen

feet %ith

51

hy"rochloric aci" treatment %as

o)taine"# $his resulte" in

the smallest collagen yiel"# 8ase" on the

results of ta)le 5,

the )est e+traction con"ition for collagen

%as %ith the lactic

aci" treatment an" the )iggest e+tract

amount of collagen

from chicen feet %as the groun" chicen

feet soae" %ith

51 lactic aci" for 34 h#

Color of chicken feet collagen

$he color of chicen feet collagen

%as e+presse" as

Hunter /-lightness, Hunter a-re"ness

an" Hunter )-

yello%ness in this stu"y# $he "ata of

ta)le 4 in"icate" that

Hunter / value of the samples from all

treatments increase"

)ut the Hunter a values "ecrease" %ith

increase" soaing

time# Simultaneously, Hunter ) value

of the samples

remaine" sta)le "uring soaing# $hese

results in"icate" that

the samples %ith a longer soaing

time increase" in

lightness )ut %as slightly re" on thesurface# Also a )righter

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yello% color %as o)serve" %ith a

longer soaing time

among aci" treatments#

(D(2&9E for collagen t+pe

8ailey an" /ight .66 state" that

all collagen typesconsiste" of three polypepti"e chains .a-

chains in close

association# $hey also evi"ence" that

%hen aci" solu)le

collagen from rat tail ten"on %as

su)*ecte" to

electrophoresis in or"er to separate the a-

chains "imers an"

3 chains, are clearly o)serve", an" ha"

t%o a-chains .al-

chain an" a2-chain#

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C(//A>EN 9!(? CH

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chicen feet soae" %ith citric aci"

.2&'1 an" lactic aci"

.2&4#51 %as significantly higher

.pP0#05 than that of the

samples soae" %ith acetic aci" .22'#1

an" hy"rochloric

aci" .26#61# Ho%ever, theoptimum con"ition of

e+tracting collagen from chicen feet %as

soae" %ith 51

lactic aci" for 34 h "ue to its higher

s%elling percentage,

yiel" of collagen an" less collagen loss#

A trace amount of

type elatin# E"ite"

)y Kar", A# ># an" A# Courts, Aca"emic

press # an" A# Courts, Aca"emic

press

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