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1638
Optimum Condition of Extracting Collagen from
Chicken Feet and
its Characetristics
D. C. Liu! ". #. Lin and $. %. Chen
Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 ao uang !"#, $aichung, $ai%an&022', !(C
&'(%)&C% * $he o)*ective of this research %as to evaluate alternative treatments for the )est e+traction
con"ition for collagen from chicen feet# arious properties such as chemical composition, amino aci", pH,
s%elling percentage, yiel" an" pure collagen, collagen loss, color .Hunter /, a an" ) an" electrophoresis of
collagen from chicen feet treate" )y 51 aci"s .acetic aci", citric aci"# hy"rochloric aci" an" lactic aci"an" soaing times .2, 2&, 34 an" & h %ere evaluate"# $he cru"e protein, fat, ash an" moisture contents of
chicen feet %as '#&2, 2#0&, 5#6 an" 42#051, respectively# Amino aci" composition of collagen from
chicen feet in"icate" that the protein of collagen %as mare"ly hy"roli7e" )y the hy"rochloric aci"
treatment# $he result of electrophoresis also supporte" this phenomenon# 8oth the s%elling percentage of lactic
aci" an" citric aci" treatments %ere significantly higher than that of acetic aci" an" HC treatment# $he pH of
the aci" treatments range" from 2#&3-3#42# Accor"ing to the result of yiel", pure collagen an" loss of collagen,
the )est con"ition of e+tracting collagen from chicen feet %as soae" in 51 lactic aci" for 34 h# Ho%ever, a
)righter yello% color of collagen from all treatments %as o)serve" %ith a longer soaing time# (Asian-Aust. J.
Anim. Sci. 2001. Vo114, No. 11 : 1638-1644)
#e+ ,ords * Chicen 9eet, Collagen, S%elling :ercentage
-%)OD/C%-O
Collagen is the most a)un"ant an" u)i;uitous
protein in
the )o"y an" %hich accounts for a)out thirty
percent of the
total human )o"y protein# $here e+ist at least
fourteen
genetically "istinct types of collagen# $he most
familiar,
type
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in"icate" that type
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follo%ing
proce"ures# $he groun" chicen feet %ere mi+e"
%ith 51
of "ifferent aci" solutions .acetic aci",
citric aci",
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C(//A>EN 9!(? CH
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$he so"ium "o"ecyl sulfate .SDS
polyacrylami"e gel .containing '#51
acrylami"e %as utili7e" to "istinguish
"ifferent types of collagen from chicen
feet .(Driscoll et
al#, 65# A volume of 0-20 L/? program an"
Duncans ne% multiple range test foun"
in the SAS system .66#
)E(/L%( &D D-(C/((-O
%he chemical composition and amino acid contents
$he chemical composition of
chicen feet is sho%n in
ta)le # Data in"icate" that chicen feet
containe" a lo%er
protein content .'#&21 than that of
calf sin .30-351
an" pig sin .31 .8alian an" 8o%es,
6''= Cho%, 6=
8ailey an" /ight, 66# $he collagen
amount of chicen
feet %as 6#0'1 %hich is also lo%er than
that of sin, ten"on,)one, stomach an" lung of mammalian
animals .5-651,
)ut higher than other organs such as
i"ney an" liver
.8alian an" 8o%es, 6''= 8ailey an"
/ight, 66# $he
moisture content %as 42#051 %hich is
similar to that of calf
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an" pig sin .40-'31 )ut ha" a higher
ash content .5#61
than that of pig sin .0#351 .Cho%,
6= Kang, 66
$he higher ash content of chicen feet
coul" )e cause" )y a
high level of )one resi"ue# $he cru"e fatcontent of chicen
feet %as 2#0&1 an" range" )et%een pig
sin .20-251 an"
calf sin .-01 .8alian an" 8o%es,
6''= Cho%, 6#
$he amino aci" composition of
chicen feet an"
collagens from chicen feet soae"
%ith 51 of various
aci"s .acetic aci", citric aci",
hy"rochloric aci" an" lactic
aci" for 34 h is sho%n in ta)le 2#Asghar an" Henricson
.62 state" that t%enty or t%enty-
one "ifferent amino
aci"s are no%n to )e present in "ifferent
collagen types#
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.6''# A higher percentage a)out 2#2,
32#4 an" 341 of
glycine %ere foun" in collagen
from chicen feet
in"ivi"ually soae" %ith 51 lactic
aci", acetic aci" an"
citric aci" respectively# A very lo%percentage a)out 23#'1
of glycine %as foun" in collagen from
chicen feet soae"
%ith hy"rochloric aci" %hen
compare" to the other
treatments# At the same time, the
other 20 amino aci"
contents of collagen from chicen
feet soae" %ith
hy"rochloric aci" for 34 h %ere higher
than those of the
other treatments# $hese results suggestthat amino aci" of
chicen feet collagen can )e seriously
)roen "o%n )y
strong aci" an" resulte" in the "ecrease
of the ma*or amino
aci" contents# Ho%ever, the amino
aci" composition of
chicen collagen soae" %ith acetic
aci", citric aci" an" lactic aci" is similar
to that of collagen from pig sin an" co%
sin .Asghar an" Henricson, 62#
%he s4elling percentage and p
/i .663 state" that collagen can )e
s%elle" "ue to
%eaening of )in"ing a)ility )et%een
collagen interior
molecular structure %hen pH is lo%ere" to
& or raise" up to
0#
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nJ0#
alues are mean O stan"ar" "eviation#
a)Rc ?eans %ithin the same column %ithout the same
superscript are significantly "ifferent .pP0#05# +RR7
?eans %ithin the same ro% %ithout the same superscript are
significantly "ifferent .pP0#05#
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C(//A>EN 9!(? CH
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Collagen .1 :ure collagen g I 00gCollagen loss .1
'#25O0#64c 5#&4O0#30c36#0 O #25e
'#2O2#3&c 5#23O0#'2c&2#3&O2#0
#00O2#43c 5#36O0#43c&4O#23e
#3 O #c 5#44O0#54c3'#40O2#e
2O2#0&Q .O0#3cO#6&
2'0O#40Q O0#22&53#6O#05c"
2'O#50Q 3#4O0#2&&5'#&&O3#2c
25#0&O0#42a O0#c&'#0O2#'&
4#25O#3& 0#&6O0#06eO5#32Q
5#4&O0#&0e 0#'6O0#05f 6#26Oa
+O0#23e 0#'6O0#05f 6#26O#34a5#4&O0#2e 0#'O0#0&f 6#'5O2#5a
25#O#0aQ '#63O0#32a2#4O0#&5
2O0#6Q '#5O0#2Q4#&3O#23f
2#&0O0#5'aQ '#'2O0#aO#2f
30#00O#36a '#''O0#&5a!O#0&f
?eans %ithin the same column %ithout the same superscript are significantly "ifferent .pP0#05#
collagen "eclines# $he pH values of
chicen feet %ith
"ifferent aci"s an" soaing times are
sho%n in ta)le $he
pH values of chicen feet soae" %ith
51 acetic aci" for
"ifferent soaing times range" from 3#&&
to 3#42, an" %as
significantly higher .pP0#05 than that of
treatments %ith
citric aci" .2#&3-2#43 an" lactic aci"
.2#5&-2#'2# $he pH of
chicen feet soae" %ith
hy"rochloric aci" %asnt
"etermine" in this e+periment "ue to a
very lo% pH value in
this treatment# $he relationship of
pH an" s%elling
percentage ha" )een reporte" )y several
%orers# !ose
.64 state" that )ovine sin s%elle"
%ith 21 lactic aci" at
pH 2#5-3#' for 2&-& h# Cho% .6 also
in"icate" that the
largest s%elling percentage of pig sin%as at pH 2#5 .51
lactic aci" an" 2#5, 2'HC for &5 h# $he
results of the
present stu"y %ere agree" %ith the results
of the previous
researchers# No "ifferences %ere foun"
among pH value
an" s%elling percentage of chicen feet
after soaing 34 h
%ith any aci" treatments .ta)les 3 an"
"ield! collagen content! collagen>100 g
chicken feet and
collagen loss
$he "ata of yiel", collagen content,
collagenI 00 g
chicen feet an" collagen loss of chicen
feet from various
51 aci"s an" soaing times are sho%n in
ta)le 5# $he yiel"
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Figure 1. SDS-gel electrophoretogram of collagen from chicen feet treate" %ith 51
"ifferent aci"s .A-acetic aci", C-citric aci", /-lactic aci" an" H-hy"rochloric aci" for
2, 2&, 34 an" & h, in"ivi"ually# ?- collagen type -- .Sigma, Co#
of cru"e collagen from acetic aci" an"lactic aci" treatments
%ere significantly higher .pP0#05 than
that of the other t%o
treatments# 9rom ta)le 5, the lo%est
cru"e collagen yiel"
%as foun" from hy"rochloric aci" at
various soaing times#
Kang .66& state" that collagen can )e
"igeste" or )roen
"o%n yiel"ing amino aci"s an" pepti"es
)y concentrate"
hy"rochloric aci", an" the "igestive
"egree %asntcontrolle" %ell# $herefore, in this stu"y
a large collagen
loss .-6#261 from chicen
feet %ith
51
hy"rochloric aci" treatment %as
o)taine"# $his resulte" in
the smallest collagen yiel"# 8ase" on the
results of ta)le 5,
the )est e+traction con"ition for collagen
%as %ith the lactic
aci" treatment an" the )iggest e+tract
amount of collagen
from chicen feet %as the groun" chicen
feet soae" %ith
51 lactic aci" for 34 h#
Color of chicken feet collagen
$he color of chicen feet collagen
%as e+presse" as
Hunter /-lightness, Hunter a-re"ness
an" Hunter )-
yello%ness in this stu"y# $he "ata of
ta)le 4 in"icate" that
Hunter / value of the samples from all
treatments increase"
)ut the Hunter a values "ecrease" %ith
increase" soaing
time# Simultaneously, Hunter ) value
of the samples
remaine" sta)le "uring soaing# $hese
results in"icate" that
the samples %ith a longer soaing
time increase" in
lightness )ut %as slightly re" on thesurface# Also a )righter
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yello% color %as o)serve" %ith a
longer soaing time
among aci" treatments#
(D(2&9E for collagen t+pe
8ailey an" /ight .66 state" that
all collagen typesconsiste" of three polypepti"e chains .a-
chains in close
association# $hey also evi"ence" that
%hen aci" solu)le
collagen from rat tail ten"on %as
su)*ecte" to
electrophoresis in or"er to separate the a-
chains "imers an"
3 chains, are clearly o)serve", an" ha"
t%o a-chains .al-
chain an" a2-chain#
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C(//A>EN 9!(? CH
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chicen feet soae" %ith citric aci"
.2&'1 an" lactic aci"
.2&4#51 %as significantly higher
.pP0#05 than that of the
samples soae" %ith acetic aci" .22'#1
an" hy"rochloric
aci" .26#61# Ho%ever, theoptimum con"ition of
e+tracting collagen from chicen feet %as
soae" %ith 51
lactic aci" for 34 h "ue to its higher
s%elling percentage,
yiel" of collagen an" less collagen loss#
A trace amount of
type elatin# E"ite"
)y Kar", A# ># an" A# Courts, Aca"emic
press # an" A# Courts, Aca"emic
press
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