2007 vander voort, randy
TRANSCRIPT
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Guidelines for Inspection of In-plant
Buried Process Piping
Authors:
Tony Kakpovbia Ph.D.Randy Vander Voort
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API 570 Framework,
Inspection Planning,
Frequency and Extent of Inspections,
Methods of Inspection, Excavation,
Repairs and Records,
Summary and Benefits.
Scope of Presentation
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API 570 Framework
Section 9 of API 570 recognizes two distinctionsregarding buried pipe:
Significant External Deterioration,
Inaccessibility.
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API 570 Framework
Subsections of Section 9 are:
Types and Methods of Inspection.
Direct and indirect monitoring (limited reference).
Frequency and Extent of Inspection. Repairs to Buried Piping System.
Records.
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Inspection Planning
Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) issues:
Analysis by one of:
Hazards & Operability Analysis (HAZOP),
Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis.
MSDS review and regular safety training.
Complete, review, approve and regularly updateManagement of Change (MOC) documentation.
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Inspection Planning
Complete periodic qualitative evaluation of riskon the likelihood versus consequences grid
basis.
Complete quantitative risk assessment, ifpossible.
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Inspection Planning
Analysis of Generated Inspection Data
Pre-installation (baseline) risk assessment:
Complete PHA, personnel training,
Review plant operations & engineering data,
Establish and approve MOC plan,
Estimate potential operating life,
Establish inspection intervals.
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Inspection Planning
Analysis of Generated Inspection Data
Operating: Annual inspections data review,
CP System performance review, Review pipe internal inspection data,
Complete RBI evaluation minimally qualitative,preferably including quantitative,
Update MOC plan,
Determine remaining life,
Update inspection interval.
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Inspection Planning
Inspection Methods
Direct Techniques:
Measurement of metal loss or corrosion rate,
Intrusive,
Non-intrusive.
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Inspection Planning
Inspection Methods
Indirect Techniques:
Measurement of parameters that may
influence or are influenced by metal loss.
Surface technologies,
On-line,
Off-line.
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Leak Detection
Visual:
Surface contour,
Discoloration of soil,
Softening of the surface, Pooling, bubbling, poor drainage,
Odor.
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Leak Detection
Thermography:
Identify leaks that travel to surface.
Tracer Detection:
Tracer Chemicals add to process, Helium Gas offline.
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Excavations
Hand Excavation:
Within a few inches.
Mechanical Excavation:
Back hoe, Gradall.
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Excavations
Hydrovac Excavation:
Day lighting,
Nondestructive,
Minimal soil removal. Frozen ground,
No source of ignition.
Hydrovac excavation is notfoolproof.
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Excavations
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Inspection Methods - Surface Indirect: Non-Intrusive:
Visual Surveillance,
Leak Testing,
Close Interval Potential Survey, Soil Resistivity high resistance soils require
lower CP current,
Cathodic Protection (CP) Monitoring.
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Inspection Methods - Surface
Direct: Intrusive:
Intelligent pigging,
MFL, UT, RFT,
Remote Visual
Inspection.
Guided Wave
Ultrasonic Testing.
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Guided Wave Ultrasonic
What is Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing?
A sonic technique using torsional and
longitudinal waves.
Sensitive to ID and OD wall losses. Up to 48 diameter.
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Guided Wave Ultrasonic
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Guided Wave Ultrasonic
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Guided Wave Ultrasonic
Results
A typical weld is
completely symmetric
and shows up as onlya black curve.
A typical corrosion
patch is non-
symmetric and isidentified by the
presence of a red
curve.
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Guided Wave Ultrasonic
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Guided Wave Ultrasonics
Advantages: Full circumferential data,
Non-intrusive, on-line and off-line,
Up to 4,000 feet per day,
Use on lined, coated, insulated or buried pipe,
Portable,
Repeatable results.
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Guided Wave Ultrasonics
Disadvantages: Buried pipe dampens signal (30 meters).
Concrete lining,
Coatings,
Wrapping.
Placement on pipe critical.
Pipe configuration critical.
Not quantitative data; sorting tool only.
Follow-up with direct inspection required.
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Inspection Methods - Below Grade
Direct - Non-Intrusive:
Pipe Coating Holding Survey,
Ultrasonic Corrosion Survey,
Radiography profile shots,
MT/PT,
Surface Profile Mapping,
Pitting,Manual,
Computerized (Laser
Pro).
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Inspection Methods - Below Grade
Direct - Intrusive: Pipe Sample/cut out collection,
Intelligent Pigging,
MFL, UT, RFT.
VideoCamera.
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Intelligent Pigging
Magnetic flux leakage. Ultrasonic.
Remote Field Eddy Current.
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Video Camera
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Repairs:
As per B31.3,
As per Section 8.2 of API 570.
Records: Permanent and progressive,
Inspection results, CR, repair history.
Repairs and Records to Buried Pipe
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Summary
Buried pipe needs an assessment andinspection program like any process plant
piping.
Dont fall into out of sight, out of mind. Must address with both internal and external
metal loss.
Indirect techniques help with risk
ranking/inspection planning.
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Summary
Cathodic Protection has many benefits:
Minimizing soil side corrosion,
Thinner walled pipe, less C.A.,
Increased inspection intervals. GWUT is emerging as a powerful tool for
sorting purposes.
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Summary
Intelligent pigging is becoming more process plantfriendly.
Excavation should be a last resort; controls for safety
and coating damage of major importance.
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Acknowledgements
Ken Izer, Chevron, California.
Tim Ryan, GE Inspection Technologies, Alberta.
Dave Russell, Russell Technologies, Alberta.
Larry Martin, formerly of Acuren, Alberta.