i

.......................................................................................................... 1 .............................................................................................. 1

...................................................................................................................... 1 .................................................................................................................. 2 ...................................................................................................................... 3 .................................................................................................. 5 .............................................................................................................. 6

...................................................................................... 7 .............................................................................................................. 7 .................................................................................................... 10

................................................................................ 18 ........................................................................................ 18 ................................................................ 19 ........................................................ 20 .................................................................................... 20

............................................................................ 23 ........................................................................................................ 35

................................................................................................ 37 ........................................................................................ 40 ................................................................................ 43

........................................................................................................ 47 ............................ 47

............................................................................................................................ 49 ........................................................................................ 49 ........................................................................ 53 ................................................................ 58

Stanford ..................................................................................... 66 ........................................................................................................ 77 ........................................................................................................ 81

................................................................................................ 83 ................................................................................................ 83 ............................................................................................................ 86 ............................................................................................................ 86 .................................................................................................................... 92 ........................................................................................................ 97

.................................................................................................................................. 107

ii

iii

1 13 (Unique Benefits of Mobile Learning) .................. 52 2 Khan Academys Math Knowledge Map .............................................................. 54 3 LMS CMS ................................................................................ 54 4 Moodle 8 .......................................................................... 55 5 .............................................................. 59 6 ...................................................................................... 60 7 .............................................................................. 60 8 ...................................... 61

iv

1(www.oeconsortium.org) ............................................................. 8 2 Coursera, edX, Udacity .............................................................................................. 9 3 MIT ............................................................................................... 11 4 .......................................................................................... 12 5 .......................................... 13 6 .................................................................................. 14 7 mp3 ....................................... 14 8 .............................................................................................. 15 9 ...................................................................................... 16 10 ............................................................................ 17 11 2014.09.28 ..................................................................................... 18 12 ........................................ 19 13 (ewant) .................................................................................................... 20 14 ............................................................................................ 39 15 e ............................................................................................. 42 16 2011 (2011) ................ 50 17 (2003) ................................................ 51 18 E-learningM-learningU-learning (Yeonjeong Park, 2011) ........ 53 19 Stanford Creativity: Music to My Ears 67 20 142 ................................................................................. 68 21 ............................................................................ 69 22 ................................................ 70 23 Stanford ......................................................... 71 24 ............ 71 25 .................................................... 72 26 Facebook ........................................................................... 73 27 ................................................ 74 28 ........................................................................................ 75 29 .................................................................... 76 30 .................................................................................... 78 31 .................................................................... 78 32 ............................................................................ 79 33 .................................................................................... 79 34 ............................................................................ 80 35 80 36 Creative Commons Search ...................................................................................... 85 37 ........................ 88 38 .................................................... 88 39 .................................... 89 40 ............................ 89 41 ........................ 90 42 ................................................................................................ 91 43 Moodle .................................................................. 92 44 Open edX ................................................................................................................. 93 45 share-course ........................................................... 94

v

46 Youtube EDU .......................................................................................................... 95 47 Berkeley Youtube .............................................................. 95 48 Youtube ..................................... 96 49 ............................................................ 97 50 ............................................................ 99 51 Camtasia ................................................................................................................ 100 52 Screen Flow ........................................................................................................... 101 53 EverCam ................................................................................................................ 102 54 ScreenCastOMatic ................................................................................................. 103 55 Screenr ................................................................................................................... 104 56 Jing ........................................................................................................................ 105

1

( ) ( ) ( )

( Jean Jacques Rousseau , 17121778 ) ( , 2004 )

21

( Open Educational ResourcesOER )

: ;

Blended Learning

2

( Flipped Classroom )

Blended Learning

( Al Qahtani & Higgins , 2013 ; , 2006 ; , , & , 2006 ; , 2007 )

Singh ( 2003 )

( Osguthorpe & Graham , 2003 ; , 2011 ; , 2011 )

( )

( ) E-mail

( )

( )

e

( )

( )

( ) wiki

( ) ( 99

3

)

Joinnet ( Cheng , 2014 ; Hsiao , Yang , & Lin , 2008 ; Yang ; , 2012 ; , 2008 ; , 2004 ; & , 2010 )

( )

1

2 ( )

3 4

( ) : 5

6

2007 ( Jon Bergmann ) ( Aaron Sams )

YouTube

( Flipped classroom ) Flipped Flipped classroom

( Jon Bergmann ) ( Aaron Sams )

4

( coach ) ( advisor )

YoutubeKhan Academy Coursea Moodle

5

( Lee ; Lu , 2008 ; , 2006 )

( Thompson & Ku , 2006 )

10 1 . Frequent communication 2 . Well-structured learning environment 3 . Clear objectives and course outlines 4 . Face-to-face meetings 5 . Useful mini-lectures 6 . Use of interactive software 7 . Team commitment 8 . Instructor support 9 . Opportunities to access and view examples 10 . Well-defined and well-organized instruction

6

Al Qahtani , A . A ., & Higgins , S . ( 2013 ). Effects of traditional , blended and e learning on students ' achievement in higher education . Journal of Computer Assisted Learning , 29 ( 3 ), 220-234 .

Cheng , H .- Y . ( 2014 ). A Study on Using SCMC Tools for Self-Regulated English Learning : A Case Study of JoinNet .

Hsiao , C .- M ., Yang , J . F ., & Lin , N . C .- M . ( 2008 ). Blending Learning Applications for Teaching Improvement . Paper presented at the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference .

Lee , H .- C . H . C .- Y . The Construction of An Affective E-Learning Classroom . Lu , C .- H . ( 2008 ). Understanding Self-Directed Blended Learners Usage Behavior of E-

Learning System . Osguthorpe , R . T ., & Graham , C . R . ( 2003 ). Blended Learning Environments : Definitions

and Directions . Quarterly Review of Distance Education , 4 ( 3 ), 227-233 . Singh , H . ( 2003 ). Building effective blended learning programs . EDUCATIONAL

TECHNOLOGY-SADDLE BROOK THEN ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS NJ -, 43 ( 6 ), 51-54 . Thompson , L ., & Ku , H . ( 2006 ). A case study of online collaborative learning . The

quarterly review of distance education , 7 ( 4 ), 361-375 . Yang , J . F . Blending Learning Support for Teaching and Learning Improvement . . ( 2011 ). . , 10 , 049 . . ( 2006 ). . , 10 , 21-32 . . ( 2004 ). ( ): . . ( 2012 ). . . ( 2011 ). . , , & . ( 2006 ). : TANET . . ( 2006 ). : . . ( 2008 ). - JoinNet [ ] . . ( 2004 ). . . ( 2007 ). : . , & . ( 2010 ).

JoinNet .

7

Wayne Hodgins 1994

David Wiley 1998

1999 Richard Baraniuk David Wiley

1999 (MITCET)(Shigeru Miyagawa)MITCET

MIT OCW

(reuse)

MIT MIT

MOOCs 2014

8

1(www.oeconsortium.org)

9

2 Coursera, edX, Udacity

2014 MOOCsMassive

Online Open Course MOOC Dave Cormier Bryan Alexander Connectivism and Connective Knowledge 2200 MOOCs MOOCs 2008 2012 MOOCs (MOOCs)2012

edxUdacity Coursera Coursera MOOCs

(Small

Private Online Courses SPOC)SPOC SP MOOC MOSPOC

SPOC

10

MOOCs Coursera edX udemy MOOCs

(MIT)(Yale) Video Lectures

11

3 MIT

12

4

13

5

MP3

14

6

7 mp3

15

8

edx Coursera edx

Coursera

16

9

Consortiums

17

(Khan Academy) Udemy

(Khan Academy) Salman Khan Youtube

Udemy

10

18

2257

11 2014.09.28

Line post

19

12

Coursera

MOOCS edX

2014

(ewant)

20

13 (ewant)

2005 Program Evaluation Report 35%

2014 Stanford

2020

21

http://flipping-chinese.wikispaces.com/

22

23

() ()

() () ()

()

()

(

24

)()1()()

()

()

()

()

1 (2009421)()

()

()

T

25

()2

2

(108)()

()()

(

)

() ()

()()

26

()()

()(

) ()

()

()()()

() (

)

()

()()

()

27

()

()

()

()

()()

()

()

()

28

()()

()()

()

()()()

()()()

29

()()()you got it()

(Michael

Sandel)(JUSTICE: Whats the Right Thing to Do) 2011 ((Joyce Yen)

) MyOOPS (http://www.myoops.org/main.php)()

30

(share start)()

() ()(

) ()() ()

()(

) ()

()

()

()

() 1.()

()(

)(

)()()

31

2.

()

3.

(

)

4.

5.

()

(

)()( 98 96 )

()(

32

)

()

()

()

()

1.

()()()

33

2.

()(())()you got it()

A

()

()

34

35

scientical technology

online eductiononline training

1989 CAI

36

Bassani, 2011 synchronousasynchronous

blended delivery2003virtual classroomstreaming video

streaming video

e-mail classroom-based learning

Massive Open Online Course MOOC

37

KISSKeep it simple and stupid

e

e

e

e

e

interactive whiteboard,IWBinformation communication technology, ICT

38

14

39

14

40

41

()

()

1. 2.

3.

()

()

()

()

()

() 1. e 15

2.

3.

42

15 e

()

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.popmenu

6.

() e

() PC PCIPCI/E

43

() MP4

() ()

() ()

()

()

()

()

()

() () ()

44

45

46

47

1 2 3

1 2 3

(Flipped) (OER, Open Educational Resources) ()

(Open Educational Resources, OER)(International Education)(The Secondary Mathematics Curriculum)

48

A feasibility analysis on international open educational resources courses into the secondary mathematics curriculum

Hsin-hua Shih1 Pay-ching Wang2 Hai-shuo Lee3

1Assistant professor, Center of Teacher Education, National Changhua University of Education 2Principal, Taichung Municipal Dong-shan Senior High School 3Director of Digital Education, Taichung Municipal Dong-shan Senior High School Abstract

Promoting international education is one of the Taiwan government's major education policies. In recent years, the four following aspects: international curriculum development and teaching, international exchanges, professional development of teachers and school internationalization of education have made significant progress and impact. In the international educational domain, the flipped classroom revolution is made possible because of the advancement of the Internet technology. Particularly in recent days, the field of open educational resources (OER, Open Educational Resources) has become the new international focus. While promoting international education, OER can also be introduced into the international education programs setting to enable our high school students (junior high school) to effectively utilize the international education resources to enhance the ability of independent thinking and self-learning. In this study, related OERs for high school mathematics curriculum are explored and analyzed using following criteria: technical feasibility, operational feasibility, legal feasibility, management feasibility and economic viability management. Choosing document analysis and questionnaire as research methods, the study found that geometry and algebra have made up the majority of the OER course for junior high school mathematical curriculum. Main pedagogy methods include lectures, instructional videos and computer-assisted instruction, with online real-time quizzed as assessment tools. Some sites also provide forums. In the field of international open educational resources, the development of mathematics curriculum is relatively more mature and abundant in comparison to other subjects. Therefore, integrating the OER in primary and secondary international education shall be beneficial. The conclusion of the study may be used as the reference for international education curriculum development and teaching, and teachers' professional growth. Keywords: Open Educational Resources, OER. International Education. The Secondary

Mathematics Curriculum

49

2007 (Albert Arnold Gore)2013 The FutureSix Drivers of Global Change

1993 9 15 (National Information InfrastructureAgenda for Action) PISA(The Programme for International Student Assessment, OECD)

(Open Educational Resources, OER)

OER Khan Academy MOOCs(Massive Open Online Courses) UdacityCourseraedX freemium (free+premium)

flipped classroom(Learning Analytics)

OER

(OER)

OER 21 (3Rs, reading, writing and arithmetic)

()()

3D

50

16 75%

OER Salman Khan2004 Youtube (2013)

16 2011 (2011)

(e-learning) (electronic media) ( Information and Communication Technologies , ICT)(distance education)

(1998)

(2003) ADDIE 1980 1990 AIDDE (Analysis)(Design)(Development) (Implement) (Evaluation)

51

Grafinger 1998 17

17 (2003)

(Classroom)(e-Learning)

(formative evaluation)(summative evaluation)

(TableteBook ReaderPadsmart phone)(Tablet)

2013 2 18 20 (Mobile Learning Week)

52

(Policy guidelines for mobile learning) 13

World Readers 3,000 (Jessie Chuang2013)

1 13 (Unique Benefits of Mobile Learning)

1. Expand the reach and equity of education 8. Enhance seamless learning

2. Facilitate personalized learning 9. Bridge formal and informal learning

3. Provide immediate feedback and assessment 10. Minimize educational disruption in conflict and disaster areas

4. Enable anytime, anywhere learning 11. Assist learners with disabilities

5. Ensure the productive use of time spent in classrooms 12 Improve communication and administration

6. Build new communities of learners 13. Maximize cost-efficiency

7. Support situated learning

(Rebecca Kraut, 2013 )

John Seely Brown(2010)The Power of Pull

(U-learning, ubiquitous learning) M-learning E-learning (just in time) ( just enough and just for me)Yeonjeong Park (2011) U-learning 18

53

18 E-learningM-learningU-learning (Yeonjeong Park, 2011)

(OER) (William and Flora Hewlett Foundation)

Marguiles (2009)

(OpenCourseWare) (learning object collection)(reference collection)

(Moodle)(groupware) (Creative Commons)Open Knowledge

Initiative, OKI

OER Khan Academy

OER (National Academy for Educational Research)I-Fun Learning(http://stv.moe.edu.tw/)MOD

(Open Issue Lab.)OER

Khan Academy Learning map 2(http://www.junyiacademy.org/)

54

(Massachusetts

Institute of Technology, MIT) 2001 (Open Course Ware, OCW)

OCW

OEROCW MOOCs

2 Khan Academys Math Knowledge Map

Grade Classification 3rd grade (U.S.) 4th grade (U.S.) 5th grade (U.S.) 6th grade (U.S.) 7th grade (U.S.) 8th grade (U.S.)

Geometry Trigonometry and precalculus Calculus Probability and statistics Differential equations Linear algebra Arithmetic and pre-algebra Applied math Algebra Test prep Recreational math Math contests

(khanacademy, 2013)

e-Learning Systems LMSLearning

Management System CMSCourse Management SystemLMS CMS (2004)LMS CMS 3

3 LMS CMS

LMS Functionality CMS Functionality

Student Registration and Administration Training Event Management (i.e., scheduling, tracking, and WBT delivery) Curriculum and Certification Management Skills and Competencies Management

Template-driven, Collaborative Content Development Facilitated Content Management (i.e., indexing and reuse) Publishing

55

Skill Gap Analysis Individual Development Plan Reporting Training Record Management Courseware Authoring

Workflow Integration Automated Interface with an LM

(wikipedia, 2013)

LMS CMS Just for me e-Learning Environment

(Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment, Moodle) Moodle LMS+CMS

Curtin Martin Dougiamas Moodle

Php GPL (GNU General Public License)Moodle Moodle

Moodle LMS LCMS Moodle Moodle 8 4 4 Moodle 8

No.

1. 2. /(Virtual Learning Environment , VLE) 3. SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference

Model) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 40 BIG5 UTF-8

Moodle (2008) 38 Moodle

56

Moodle

(2006) 48 Moodle

Moodle

(plugins) Moodle Moodle

MOOCs edXCoursera Udacity Sharecourse edX edX

Showme Apple iPad iPad

()

(2013)

()

CC

CC

() YouTube

57

Malango(2008) Magnatune

CC CC (Creative Commons)

CC (BY, NC, ND, SA) CC Plus CC Plus Sampling 1.0

(2011)(OER) Moodle

Information Habitat OER (Utah University) Educommons Rice Connexions(Open Textbook)(Cooperman, 2008)edXUdacity Coursera Sharecourse OER

(OER)

OER OER OER OER OER

OER

(OCW) 25,000 2006 2009 OER 10,170,000 (2010) OER OER

58

OER

()OER CC

()

() OER

OER

OEROER OER

2013 10 Khan Academy

4 2-1 5 2-1 4

( AB ) A 35 19 16 B 36 18 18 71

Khan Academy

10 4 5 2-1

10 4 4 2-1

Khan Academy

59

5

5

NO.

1. 10 (4 )

5 2-1

()

2. 10 (4 ) 4 2-1

Khan Academy ()

8

()

4 4 1 45 2

() Likert scale

6 4 ()

Likert scale 6 4

()

Likert scale 6 4

16

() 6 60 61

60

21% 55% 23%

60

6

34 37 71 ()

0~40 7 9 16

41~60 9 8 17

61~80 13 16 29

81~100 5 4 9 ()

0~40 10 12 22

41~60 3 9 12

61~80 10 6 16

81~100 11 10 21

8 7 15

21 18 39

5 11 16

0 1 1 ()

7 8 4 () 60.1% 4 21% 4 39% 4 14% 4 46% 4 7%() 4 21% 43.7% 17%

7

1 2 3 4

2 2 9 21 34

61

4 7 4 22 37 ()

0~40 5 8 1 2 16

41~60 1 1 2 13 17

61~80 0 0 10 19 29

81~100 0 0 0 9 9 ()

0~40 5 7 8 2 22

41~60 0 1 3 8 12

61~80 0 1 2 13 16

81~100 1 0 0 20 21

0 0 0 15 15

0 1 8 31 39

1 1 2 12 16

1 0 0 0 1

() 8

8 4.1 0~40 4.0 3.7

8

M1

M2

M3

M

SD 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.4 0.08

4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 0.10 () 0~40 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.8 0.25

41~60 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 0.10

61~80 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.2 0.13

81~100 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.4 0.14 ()

62

0~40 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.7 0.14

41~60 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.1 0.13

61~80 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.1 0.10

81~100 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 0.05

4.2 4.1 4.3 4.2 0.08

4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.06

4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 0.06

3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.00

(multiple intelligence)()(optimal learning experience)

(cross-cultural communicative competence)

(2013)536124-128 / (2011) [ ]

http://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/3116153652 KIDMH 93P.pdf (2011)(OpenCourseWare)

() (2004) Web Services ()

(2003)11615-30 (2012)[]

http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1678789/ (2006)()

63

(1998 3 )

(2013)[]http://nthur.lib.nthu.edu.tw/

web/copyright/copyright02.pdf (2008) Moodle (

) Jessie Chuang (2013)(UNESCO)[

]: http://chinese.classroom-aid.com/ 2013/04/ unesco.html Cooperman, L. (2008, June). Building flexibility through content management. [Abstract] Program

Booklet. Paper presented at the Open Education Conference, June 19, 2008, Utah, USA. John Seely Brown (2010). The Power of Pull. Retrieved from http://www.johnseelybrown.

com/cookpull.pdf Malango, T. (2008). Magnatune. [Abstract]. Program Booklet. Paper presented at the Open

Education Conference, June 19, 2008, Utah, USA. Margulies, A. (2009). Providing OER and related issues: An introductory note. In S. DAntoni & C.

Savage (Eds.), Open Educational Resources: Conversations in Cyberspace. Paris: UNESCO. Publishing.

Rebecca Kraut (Ed.). (2013). Policy guidelines for mobile learning. Paris: UNESCO. Publishing. Salman Khan (2013, December). Khan Academys Math Knowledge Map [Web message].

Retrieved from http://www.khanacademy.org/ Wikipedia (2013, December). Learning management system [Web message]. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_management_system Yeonjeong Park (2011). A Pedagogical Framework for Mobile Learning: Categorizing Educational

Applications of Mobile Technologies into Four Types. (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech). Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/ article/view/791/1699

8

102.10.

64

0~40 41~60 61~80 81~100

0~40 41~60 61~80 81~100

Khan Academy () ()

1. (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (1)

O

(2)

O

(3)

O

(4)

O

2. (A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

3. O1 O2 4cm 6cm 4cm

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

4. O 10 O L 5

65

(A) L O (B) L O (C) L O (D) L O

1. 2. 3. 1 2 4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

66

Stanford

NovoED Creativity: Music to My Ears

67

19 Stanford Creativity: Music to My Ears

(Reuters) 2014

68

142

20 142

69

21

70

22

LeV Vygosky

(ZPD, Zone of Proximal Development)

Creativity: Music to My Ears

71

23 Stanford

24

72

25

Facebook

73

26 Facebook

Youtube HTC FLYER 6,120 13

74

27

75

28

Facebook

Coursera

10% 337 25% 186 10% 55%

76

29

Stanford

Stanford

77

78

30

31

79

32

33

80

34

35

81

2014 1.

2014

2.

3.

82

4.

83

SPOC Small Private Online Course

/

CC (Creative Commons) CC CC CC BYNCNDSA

84

CC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY Google Creative Commons Search CC

CC CC

CC

CC CC

CC

85

36 Creative Commons Search

86

2014

87

LOGO

LOGO

88

37

38

89

39

40

90

41

2014

91

42

92

1.

Proera1Know Sharecourse

Moodle

Moodle Moodle edX Open edX

43 Moodle

93

44 Open edX

94

45 share-course

Youtube EDU

UC Berkeley Youtube Youtube Youtube Youtube Youtube

95

46 Youtube EDU

47 Berkeley Youtube

96

Youtube

48 Youtube

Youtube

Google classroom Youtube

97

49

/

(Realtime)

98

1080P 42

99

50

1. Camtasia Camtasia

Camtasia

100

51 Camtasia

2. Screen Flow

Screenflow

101

52 Screen Flow

3. Ever Cam

Evercam Camdemy Youtube

102

53 EverCam

1. ScreenCastOMatic ScreenCastOMatic 15

15 ScreenCastOMatic 15

103

54 ScreenCastOMatic

2. Screenr

Screenr

104

55 Screenr

3. Jing

Jing Camtasia Techsmith Windows iOS

105

56 Jing

106

107

Michal Sandel Justice

Sandel

2014 213

2014

Stanford