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Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENRGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

DIRECTORATE OF VARIOUS NEW ENERGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

Jakarta, 2013

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Definition of Ocean Energy according to Wikipedia:

“Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes

referred to as ocean energy or ocean power)refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides,salinity, and ocean temperature differences forelectricity generation.”

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1) Tidal Currents

2) Tidal Range

3) Waves

4) Ocean Thermal Energy

5) Salinity Gradients

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Based on cartographic calculation,

Indonesia has a total ocean area that

extends to 5,8 million kilometres.

Ocean energy is one of renewableenergy sources.

Ocean energy is energy that is

generated from oceans and seas, and

is certainly a source of renewable

energy since the methods andtechnologies used to capture wave

and tidal energy do not produce CO2

emission.

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One of the potentials of seas

and oceans that has not beenwidely known to the public is

the potential of seas and

oceans to produce electricity.

In general, ocean energy potentials

that can generate electricity are

divided into 3 types, namely tidal

power, wave energy and ocean

thermal energy.

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Wave energy is the energy

generated from the movement

of waves toward the shore and

vice versa, and it is a form ofenergy that can be harnessed

by recognizing the wave

height, wave length, and wave

period.

http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/













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An energy that utilizes high tides

and low tides.

The water flow can drive a turbine

to generate electricity.

Tidal energy utilizes sea water

movement in large amounts (tides).

The working principle of tidal energy is

very simple. At high tide, the sea water

comes in through the dam via a valve

that can be opened automatically. At

low tide, the valve inside the dam is

closed, and the sea water is therefore

trapped inside the dam. It is this

trapped sea water that is utilized torotate the turbines.

http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id













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Power plants can utilize the temperature differences to generate

energy. The utilization of this type of energy source is called

ocean thermal energy conversion.

Source: http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/en/energy/renewable-energy/ocean-

flow/824-energi-panas-laut.html

http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/en/energy/renewable-energy/ocean-flow/824-energi-panas-laut.html













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Islands = 17,480Ocean = 5.8 million km2 Ocean EEZ = 2.7 million km2

Coastline = 95,180 kmPopulation (2010) = 236 million

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At the present time, technologies have beendeveloped to harness energy from the

ocean for electricity generators. The

development of electrical energy generation

installations by utilizing wave and tidal

energy has been done up to a commercial

level in some countries, such as Scotland

and Portugal for wave energy, and France

and the U.S. for tidal energy.

In Indonesia, potential areas include parts ofSumatra, Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara,

West Kalimantan, Papua, and the south

coast of Java. Source: file.upi.edu.com0

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Upstream (Extracting oceanenergy)

Downstream (Converting into energy products)

Power Generation

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES END UTILIZATION

Tenaga Listrik

Results

NATURALRESOURCES

Ocean

Energy

Resources

VALUE CHAIN OF OCEAN ENERGY INDUSTRIES

ENERGY PRODUCTS

Commercial

Industries

Transportation

HouseholdsSurvey on

Potentials ofCurrents, Waves,

Tides,

Temperature

differences

Ocean Energy TransmissionPower

DistributionPower

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INSTITUTION UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM

MINISTRY OFENVIRONMENTAL

AFFAIRS

Generation

Transmission/ Distribution

Electric Business License for Public Purposes (IUKU)

Commissioning

National

Electricity

Company

(PLN)

Ocean Energy Policy

MINI STRY OF

ENERGY AND

MINERAL

RESOURCES

LOCAL

GOVERNMEN

TS

•Location permit

•Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL)

•Building Construction Permit (IMB) for Power

Plants

INVESTMENT

COORDINATING

BOARD (BKPM)•Investment Permit

INSTITUTIONAL RELATION IN OCEAN ENERGY EXPLOITATION

•Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL)

MINISTRY OFMARITIME

AFFAIRS AND

FISHERIES

“Marine Area Use Permit”

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NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

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154 Units ofNew &RenewableEnergy-BasedPower Plants

NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY-BASED POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

FOR FISCAL YEAR 2014

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Ocean Energy Power Plant Program

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Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare 21

OCEAN ENERGY ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT

UNTIL 2015

ProvinceMunicipality/District

Developer StatusDevelopment (MW)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

1. East NusaTenggara

Alor APBN -- -- -- 0,04 0,54

2. Bali Klungkung(NusaPenida)

APBN -- -- -- 0,52 1,02

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Energy Sources

Coordinate Location

(0)

The result of

Potential Energy

Waves 6.18339S 105.17228E H = 3,2 m and T =

17,8 s

Tidal waves 5.907198S 105.868902E Average range 7,67

m

Wind 5.22478S 106.336E Average V 2,4 m/s

Ocean currents 5.356S

106E

Average V 0,5 m/s

Table 1. Pow er Potential : Ocean Energy for power plant

ALTERNATIVE OCEAN ENERGY POWER PLANTSAROUND SUNDA STRAIT

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Renewable EnergyInvestment Cost (USD/kW) O&M Cost (USD/kW)

2010 2050 2010 2050

Biomass steam turbine 2500 1950 111 90

Geothermal 2400-5500 2150-3600 220 136Large hydro 2000 2000 40 40

Small hydro 3000 3000 60 60

Solar PV 3500-5600 1000-1600 50 13

Solar CSP 4500-7000 1950-3000 30 15

Ocean 3000-5000 2000-2450 120 66

Wind onshore 1450-2200 1200-1600 51 39

Wind offshore 3000-3700 2100-2600 96 68

Cost Assumption for Renewable ElectricityGeneration (IAE Scenario 2050)

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OCEAN ENERGY COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY POWER

Currents United KingdomItalyIreland

Australia

AWS Ocean EnergyKOBOLTSeagen Tidal EnergyGrav. Vortex

Pilot plant > 2 m/secPilot plant > 3m/sec1,2 MW commercial50 MW > 1,3 m/sec

Waves Ireland

AustraliaSpain

Power Buoy HTS

CETOOsc. Water Column

Prototype

400 kW, distillation300 kW, chamber

Ocean Thermal USAQueensland

OTEC1-2QE Tech

100 kW10 kW

Some Countries That Have

Utilized Ocean Energy

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ENERGY atOCEAN

COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY POWER

Offshore wind DenmarkUnited Kingdom

Wind mill farmWind mill farm

400 MW240 MW

Hydr. CoolingWorks

Canada Cooling Air cond. Save 7,5 MW

Some Countries That Have UtilizedOcean Energy (continued)

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Coal energy : US$ 4-5 cents/kWh

Gas energy : US$ 9 cents /kWh

PLN interconnection energy : US$ 7-8 cents /kWh

Ocean energy : US$ 7-18 cents /kWh

Fuel oil energy : US$ 20-25 cents /kWh

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1 O t t t ti

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1. Output-outcome perspective:

Ocean energy utilization to increase Indonesia’s energy

resilience

2. Stakeholder perspective:

Roles of producers-consumers-regulators-researchers

3. Internal process perspective:

Supply and utilization climate of ocean energy, licensing,standardization, supervision, etc.

4. Learning and growth perspective:

Human resource capacity, Institutions and Technology

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There are two strategies for ocean energy

utilization acceleration, namely:

(a) development priority strategy

(b) sustainable implementation strategy

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Development Priorities:

Short-term priority, such as the utilization ofcurrent and wave energy for coastal areas that

have not had access to electricity (which

generally require small-scale capacity power

plants).

Medium and long-term priorities, such as the

multi-purpose development of ocean thermal pilot

project with OTECS technology (electricity,fisheries, mineral and fresh water supply,

research and tourism).

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Sustainable implementation strategy

Human resource development,

preparation of cross-sector roadmap,

regulations, standardization, and

development of national ocean energy

technology and industry

Coordination for the implementation of

ocean energy utilization; and Long-term

institutional cooperation strengthening

(Government-Associations-Universities

and Research Institutions)

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