2/17 Geo Engage

1- What do you think the world’s first people were like?

2- Where would you live? How would you get food? What would your life be like?

How old do you think these laws could be?3- Theft- Ex. Law #22: "If any one is committing a robbery and is

caught, then he shall be put to death."

4- Eye for an Eye- If someone breaks the bone of anyone else, their bone will be broken.

]

A (Brief) History of the Middle East

Prehistoric Peoples

Hunters & gatherers (10,000 yrs ago) farming H&Gs: throughout N Africa, SW & C Asia Farming: Nile, Mediterranean

1st ppl to domesticate animals Cattle, sheep, goats, pigs & camels

Food, clothes, shelters

Early Civilizations; THE BIG 3 Rose in the most fertile areas around 6,000 years ago

1- Fertile Crescent Home of the Sumerian Civ.

science, math & engineering Code of Hammurabi—1st code of

laws***? Record-keeping = cuneiform (wedged

symbols on clay tablets) Mesopotamia: a part of the Fertile

Crescent Area between Tigris & Euphrates R.’s World’s first culture hearth

2- Egypt

Egyptians Settled along Nile irrigation system

Still grew crops during the dry season Floods, dams

Calendar Hieroglypics: form

of picture writing

OR?

3- Phoenician Civ. Phoenicians: created writing that eventually was the

background for the ALPHABET!

cuneiform

Hieroglyphics

SW Asia History Q’s and Short Answer

Persian Empire:1- When was the Persian Empire prevalent?2- Invention: what are qanats? (key term) How did they help the Persian Empire become more successful?Silk Road:3- Summarize the Silk Road in 2 sentences.4- What was its impact on the Middle East?5- What are some goods that were exchanged?Mongol Empire:6- When was the Mongol Empire prevalent? 7- Who is Genghis Khan? What were some positive and negative contributions of Genghis Khan?8- Short Answer: Choose 1 of the places/empires that we discussed today. Which one has had the biggest impact on the world today? Why has their impact been so significant? Where would the world be if they never existed?

Empires Persian Empire: 500s BC

From Nile River & Aegean Sea to Central Asia Constructed system called qanats (underground canals) to carry water from mountains

across desert to farmland Used because otherwise, water would evaporate!

100BC : Silk Road allowed some cities to become successful trading stations “crossroads of civilization” Major cities used as trading stations Travelers & merchants traded Chinese silks, Indian cotton…and IDEAS!

Nomads traveled across the region in search for grasslands for their herds

Some (Mongols) invaded lands Mongolian Empire established in 1200s under Genghis Khan

Mongols under Genghis Khan Genghis Khan: Leader of Mongols

Invaded many central Asian lands beginning in 1100s

Killed LOTS of people, ended up conquering a LOT of land

Positive things they brought to the regions: Paper money Safer trade routes

Geo Engage- 2/18 What were the first people like? How long ago?

List 2 points of significance about each civilization from yesterday’s notes.

Ethnic & Religious Conflicts

Israel & Palestine: 50-Yr Conflict

Background “Israel”= called “Palestine” b4 1948. Jews & Arabs = religious roots in Palestine/Israel;

each group claims it as home. Jews kicked out of Palestine many years ago;

The beginning Jews= wanted to come back to homeland bc persecution in other

areas. Arabs unhappy & overcrowding

Jews immigrate anyway

Israel & Palestine Conflict (cont.)

WW1 & WW2 WW1 est. Britain as the country to control Palestine WW2 caused British & American sentiment for Jews***?

more Jewish immigration into Palestine!

UN created boundary proposal in 1947; Palestinians (Muslims) reject it Britain establishes the Jewish state of Israel anyways in 1948

WAR!

I&P Conflict: Events & Agreement

Constant warfare Six Day War

Agreement Camp David Agreement: US pres. Jimmy Carter (1978)

agreed to negotiate about having a separate gov’t in the West Bank & Gaza Strip

Camp David Summit: Bill Clinton (2000) Tried for negotiations… violence resumed in 2002 still divided today

Gulf Wars Iraq-Iran War: 1980-1988

War border disputes b/e Iraq & Iran

Persian Gulf War: 1990s Iraq vs. Kuwait Caue: Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, took over oil fields Effect: U.S. + other Middle Eastern countries teamed up to get

Hussein out of Kuwait; succeed! Embargo against Iraq

“As long as oil is still the #1 energy producer, oil-purchasing countries will work to protect it!”

SW Asia/Middle East History Q’s

What are some solutions to prevent wars fought over the control of oil?

Summarize the “Arab Spring” in 3-5 sentences? How did it begin and what were some reasons it

happened? Please include “Burning Man”. (Not the festival!)

T/F. This event is still ongoing.

What was the Burning Man protest? Where did it happen? List 2 Causes and 2 Effects of the event?

Arab Spring(Still Ongoing)

Brief Background Series of protests in the Middle East

December 2010-present

Began with “burning man” protest in Tunisia Protests of police corruption

Why? Some factors: Absolute rule no voice in the people Government corruption Human rights violations Wealthy gov. with people in poverty Unemployment

To date: Governments overthrown in Tunisia, Libya & Egypt Civil disorder in Syria & Yemen Major protests in Algeria and Iraq (and now Syria)

Egypt Height: January 25-February 11, 2011

Inspired by “burning man” protest in Tunisia

Mainly non-violent demonstrations, civil marches

Call for President Mubarak’s resignation

Government response Internet is shut down from January 27-February 5, 2011 Foreign journalists jailed, some beaten (eventually released) Mubarak claims he would not step down

A day after refusing to step down, Mubarak resigns as president & leaves Cairo

Libya February 2011-October 2011

Protest corrupt leadership of Muammar Gaddafi Natural resource, petroleum, contributed to high GDP per capita; people still living in poverty, still

high unemployment rates Also poor healthcare system, untreated sewage

Protests CIVIL WAR

UN’s role: Security Council froze assets of Mubarak, which prevented them from travelling too far Established no-fly zone to protect attacks on civilians

Interim governing body replaced Gaddafi government in September

Gaddafi captured & killed on October 20,2011

Still clashes and conflicts in the region

“We’ll stay here until the pain is gone.”

Rebels celebrating the death of Gaddafi

ONGOING: Syria March 2011-present

Began with protesting the torture of students who had put up anti-government graffiti

Crackdowns by President Bashar al-Assad open fire on demonstrators

U.N.’s role Tried to pass them through security council, but was stopped by

Russia & China

Currently protesting in almost all major cities, including the city of Homs and capital city of Damascus

CIVIL WAR! Christians, others fleeing to Iraq