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27 maisi, paraskevi, 2011 w.

mecnierebis ganviTarebis tedencia damoukidebel saqarTveloSi

me-2 gverdze

ganaTlebis sistemis 20 wliani av-kargi

me-4 gverdze

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos pirmSo _ axali Taoba

me-6 gverdze

sazogadoebis mentaluri cvlilebebi

me-7 gverdze

damoukideblo-bidan demokra-tiamde: `iyo anomalia, aris TviTcenzura~

me-8 gverdze

qarTulma ekonomikam uruseTod `yofna – ar yofnis” kompleqss sZlia

me-13 gverdze

20-wliani istoriis mTavari Strixebi

me-14 gverdze

wlebis ganmavlobaSi, gansa-kuTrebiT samecniero da akade-miuri wreebidan da sazogado moRvaweebis mxridan, gamoiTq-moda pretenziebi, rom qveyanaSi ingreoda samecniero institu-tebi da kvleviTi laborato-riebi, mecnierebis ganviTare-bisTvis xelSemwyobi pirobebi naklebad arsebobda, rac Ri-rebuli resursis saqarTve-lodan gadinebas iwvevda. dRes ukve SeiZleba imaze saubari, rom gaCnda mecnieruli kvleve-bis warmoebisTvis materialu-ri waxalisebis tendencia da sazRvargareT damkvidrebul qarTvel mecnierTa samSobloSi dabrunebisken mowodebisTvis realuri safuZvelic. xelisuf-lebis swored es neba gamoxata prezidentma mecnierebis da-jildoebis ceremoniaze.

aqamde aRiareba ar aklda in-feqciuri paTologiis, Sidsis da klinikuri imunologiis sa-mecniero praqtikuli centris generalur direqtors, Tsu-is medicinis fakultetis srul profesors Tengiz cercvaZes, romelic mraval jildosTan erTad dRes ukve SoTa rusTa-

velis saxelobis premiis mflo-belia, magram misi gundis kidev erTxel dafaseba ufro met stimuls aZlevs, rom mecnieru-li moRvaweoba gaafarToos.

`es saxelmwifo premia davim-saxureT samecniero moRvaweo-bisTvis, rasac praqtikuli Sede-gebi mohyva, rac aisaxa SemdegSi: saqarTvelom moaxerxa Tavidan aecilebina farTomasStabiani Sidsis epidemia da SeZlo ramde-nime aTeuli milioniani ekono-mikuri zaralis Tavidan acile-ba. Cveni 11 samecniero statia gamoqveynda ucxour wamyvan impaqt-faqtorian JurnalebSi, rac saqarTvelos mecnierebisT-vis da medikosebisTvis didi cifria. Cveni citirebis indeqsi aris erT-erTi yvelaze maRali qarTvel medikosTa Soris. am samecniero kvlevebSi iyo: sab-WoTa kavSiris yofil terito-riaze gamoyofili Sidsis viru-sis genomis sruli analizi; Ses-wavlili iyo aiv/infeqcia Sidsis gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebi mosaxleobasa da calkeuli ris-kis jgufebSi; pirvelad iyo Ses-wavlili (aRmosavleT evropaSi) Sidsis virusis sxvadasxva medi-

kamentebisadmi rezistentoba saqarTveloSi, rac aucilebeli pirobaa mkurnalobis optimiza-ciisTvis.

saqarTveloSi, rogorc gan-viTarebad qveyanaSi, Znelia mec-nierebis keTeba, radgan mecnie-rebas seriozuli materialuri da inteleqtualuri resursi sWirdeba. vinaidan ar iyo ma-terialuri resursi, intele-qtualuri resursi sazRvarga-reT gaedineboda. magram, gark-veulwilad, icvleba situacia xelisuflebis mxardaWeriT da iqmneba materialuri pirobebi samecniero kvlevebis realize-bis TvalsazrisiT. es saxelmwi-fo premia imis xelSewyobac aris, rom qarTvelma mecnierebma sam-SobloSi SeZlon iseTi xarisxia-ni produqciis Seqmna, romelsac saerTaSoriso aRiareba eqneba”, _ aRniSna CvenTan saubarSi 25 maiss SoTa rusTavelis saxelo-bis premiiT dajildoebulma profesorma Tengiz cercvaZem.

unda iTqvas, rom praqtiku-lad, samedicino sferoSi ar dar-Cenila jildo, romelic baton Tengizs samecniero damsaxure-bisTvis ar mieRo. gansakuTre-biT aRsaniSnavia Dr. Jong-wook-is 2009 wlis memorialuri premia da 85 aTasi aSS dolari sazo-gadoebrivi jandacvis dargSi, rac janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis aRmasrulebelma sabWom saqarTvelos infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsisa da kliniku-ri imunologiis samecniero pra-qtikul centrs mianiWa, rogorc msoflioSi wlis saukeTeso in-feqciuri profilis dawesebu-lebas. am premiis gadacemis Tan-mdev emociebs Tengiz cercvaZe ase ixsenebs: `saocari ganwyoba dagveufla saqarTvelos dele-gaciis wevrebs, roca 2009 wlis maisSi gaeros generaluri asam-bleis sxdomaze Cveni warmateba gamocxadda da mTeli darbazi fexze wamodgomiT gvikravda taSs. Cven am premiis pirveli lau-reatebi gaxlavarT. aseTi rangis premia postsabWoTa sivrceSi aravis miuRia. daskvnaSi Caweri-li sityvebi, rom `Cveni centri awarmoebs pionerul kvlevebs Sidsisa da virusuli hepatitebis dargSi~, Zalian did rames niS-navs, radgan am daskvnas akeTebs SesarCevi komiteti, axmovanebs jandacvis msoflio organiza-ciis generaluri mdivani da amas eswreba msoflios TiTqmis yve-la qveyana. isini saqebar sityvebs Zunwad xmaroben da Tu namdvilad ar imsaxureb, aravin getyvis”.

Tu ramdenad principuli pirovnebaa, es kargad Cans mis pasuxSi: `TanamSromlebi da megobrebi bolo dros xSirad madareben cnobili serialis gmirs, doqtor hauss. me, aseTi uxeSi ar var, magram problemis-admi SemoqmedebiTi midgoma ki maxasiaTebs... var principulic. magaliTad, roca infeqciuri saavadmyofos gauqmebas api-rebdnen, sastiki winaaRmdegoba gavuwie kaxa benduqiZes. egonaT, rom gamaTavisuflebdnen samsa-xuridan... gana SeiZleba es saa-vadmyofo ar arsebobdes, maSin, roca amdeni Sidsis, virusuli hepatitis da sxvadasxva infe-qciuri daavadebis SemTxveva (Tundac frinvelis gripi, Ro-ris gripi da sxv.) gvaqvs... mar-Talia, dRes es saavadmyofo gaiyida, magram ukve savsebiT misaRebi pirobebiT. Semosuli fuliT diRomSi Sendeba ul-traTanamedrove, uaxlesi apa-raturiT aRWurvili saavadmyo-fo – infeqciuri paTologiisa da Sidsis centri”.

is, rom SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis premiis mflobeli namdvilad imsaxurebda mecnie-rebaSi Setanili udidesi wv-lilisTvis xelisuflebisgan jildos, amaSi misi erTi biogra-fiuli Strixic dagvarwmunebs: `imdenad megona, rom samecniero moRvaweoba CemTvis yvelaferi iyo, rom ojaxis Seqmnac davag-viane”, _ dasZens mecnieri, rom-lis premiiTac amayobs Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetic, ra-meTu swored mis wiaRSi moRva-weobs aseTi rangis profesori.

moamzadanino kakuliam

damoukideblobis meoce wlisTavze miniWebuli saxelmwifo premia

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dResTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma 25 maiss Rvawlmosi-li mecnierebi daajildova. saqarTvelos prezidentma warmatebu-li naSromebisTvis erovnuli da SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis pre-miebi sxvadasxva dargebSi moRvawe 19 mecniers gadasca. maT Soris jildos mflobeli gaxda mecnierTa is 4 kaciani jgufi, romelsac Tsu-is sruli profesori Tengiz cercvaZe xelmZRvanelobs, jgu-fis wevria Tsu-is asocirebuli profesori lali SarvaZec.

mixeil saakaSvili:`mTavaria, arc erTi adgi-lobrivi niWieri adamiani ar daikargos da arc erTi Sromisunariani adamiani

ar aRmoCndes saqmisgareSe~

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili nomeri

me-9-12 gv.

aqtualuri universitetSi

Tbilisis universiteti

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_ batono nodar, cnobilia, rom sabWoTa mecniereba msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri iyo da misi samec-niero skolebic didxans miiCneoda ualternativod. mas Semdeg, rac sab-WoTa kavSiri daiSala, misi yofili respublikebis da, maT Soris, qarTul mecnierebas, didi dro dasWirda gan-viTarebis garkveul donemde misaRw-evad. ra iyo aqamde? ra gza gaviareT, rogor movida saqarTvelos mecniereba dRevandel dRemde?

_ komunisturi xelisuflebis peri-odSi mecnierebas gansakuTrebuli yur-adReba eqceoda, rac imiT iyo gamowveu-li, rom mecnierTa didi nawili sabWoTa kavSiris Tavdacvis saministros dakve-Tebze an TavdacvasTan dakavSirebul sa-kiTxebze muSaobda. es exeba mecnierebis iseT titanebs, rogoric iyo elefTer andronikaSvilis fizikis instituti, ki-bernetikis instituti, soxumis fizika-teqnikis instituti, araorganuli qimiis instituti, marTvis sistemebis insti-tuti da a.S. am mimarTulebebiT fuli dauzogavad ixarjeboda. warmoidgineT, mxolod kibernetikis institutSi 1800 TanamSromeli iyo, xolo 1990-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos mTliani samecniero siste-ma daaxloebiT 30 aTas TanamSromels iTvlida.

rac Seexeba mecnierebis dones, maSin praqtikulad akrZaluli iyo sazRvarga-reTTan aqtiuri kontaqtebi, erToblivi kvlevebi da Zalian Zneli iyo impaqtfa-qtorian JurnalebSi statiebis gamoqvey-neba. me Tavad mecnierTa ojaxis warmo-madgeneli var. mamaCemi daxuruli tipis samecniero kvleviT institutSi muSaob-da da maxsovs, rom instituts sazRvarga-reTTan samecniero kontaqtis ufleba ar hqonda. samecniero wris warmomadgeneli iyo dedac. igi sakavSiro samecniero kv-leviT institutSi muSaobda da ganyofi-lebis gamgis rangSi daasrula samecnie-ro moRvaweoba. maxsovs, 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sazRvargareTidan (inglisi-dan) mouvida miwveva da mravali formis da gancxadebebis Sevsebis, sxvadasxva in-stanciaSi sirbilis miuxedavad, mainc ar gauSves. aseTi suraTi iyo daaxloebiT 1985 wlamde. marTalia, `gardaqmnis~ pe-riodSi situacia odnav Seicvala, magram tendencia mainc igive darCa.

1991 wlis 9 aprilis, anu saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg sab-WoTa kavSiri jer kidev arsebobda, ma-gram mecnierebis dafinanseba Semcirda. amis gamo samecniero institutebi ufun-qciod darCnen, radganac is dakveTa, romelsac isini asrulebdnen, mcire ga-monaklisis garda, aravis sWirdeboda. aman gamoiwvia stagnacia da samecniero kvlevebis donis Sesusteba. ase gagrZel-da daaxloebiT 1996-1997 wlebamde. am mZime socialur pirobebSi, roca ar iyo Suqi, wyali da araviTari saxsari, roca laboratoriebSi ar xdeboda teqniku-ri gadaiaraReba da qimiuri reaqtivebis SeZena, institutebi gadavidnen Tavis gadarCenis reJimze – anu tkepnidnen erT adgils, inerciiT agrZelebdnen imave Temebze muSaobas, iyenebdnen erTi da igive meTodebs da monacemebs, amuSavebd-nen raRac sakiTxebs, magram kvlevebis praqtikuli mizani da mimarTuleba bun-dovani iyo. mec, rogorc mecnierma, am pe-riodidan (1995 weli) daviwye muSaoba mo-lekuluri biologiisa da biologiuri fizikis institutSi da kargad maxsovs, rogor vTbebodiT SeSis Rumelze da ro-gor velodiT kviraobiT Suqis mosvlas, rom eqsperimentebi Cagvetarebina.

1992 wlidan, daaxloebiT, 1997 wlam-de mecnieruli kvlevebi (gansakuTrebiT fundamenturi, sabunebismetyvelo da

sainJinro mimarTulebebiT), praqtiku-lad, anabiozis mdgomareobaSi iyo.

1997 wlidan garkveuli Zvrebi dai-wyo, radganac mecnierebaTa akademiis sistemaSi pirvelad gamoCnda sagranto dafinanseba, Tumca mas realur sagran-to dafinansebis principTanTan saer-To araferi hqonda. es iyo e.w. `moWrili Tanxa-grantebi~. im periodisTvis 2 mi-lioni lari gamoiyo viTomda mecniere-bis ganviTarebisaTvis. am Tanxas akade-miis samecniero institutebi iyofdnen. Tanxis moculoba da miReba ki damokide-buli iyo institutis direqtoris, an in-stitutSi momuSave akademikosis `wonasa da gavlenaze”.

Tavdapirvelad, Cvens institutSi `grantSi~ monawile erT adamianze 20 lari gaicemoda. am Tanxis farglebSi formalurad iwereboda samecniero kv-levis gegma, romelic aseve formalurad sruldeboda. unda aRvniSno, rom maSin mecnier-TanamSromlis xelfasi TveSi 15-25 lars Seadgenda. mogvianebiT am tipis `sagranto xelfasi~ saSualod 50-70 la-ramde gaizarda. axalgazrda mecnierebis waxalisebisTvis pirvelad SemoRebuli iqna `prezidentis stipendia”, romelic 3 sxvadasxva xarisxis iyo da, Sesabamisad, 100, 150 da 200 lars Seadgenda TveSi. es maSin warmoudgenlad didi Tanxa iyo, magram stipediantTa ricxvic Zalze SezRuduli iyo. aqve gavixseneb, rom am process daemTxva e.w. `biujetis gayin-vis~ periodi, ramac xelfasebis gacema SeaCera (jamSi 17-19 Tve). warmoidgineT, mecnieri, romelic mxolod samecniero da pedagogiuri tipis saqmianobas eweva, Tvidan Tvemde uxelfasod rom ivlis! aman gamoiwvia axalgazrda mecnierTa ga-dineba saqarTvelodan. marto erT maga-liTs getyviT _ 1992-2002 wlebSi iseTi patara institutidan, rogoric iyo mo-lekuluri biologiisa da biologiuri fizikis instituti, 70 TanamSromlidan 25 sazRvargareTis wamyvan samecniero institutebsa da laboratoriebSi wavi-da samuSaod. im wlebSi saqarTvelo axal-gazrda an saSualo asakis mecnierebis saukeTeso nawilma datova. mecnierTa is nawili darCa, romlebmac obieqturi mi-zezebis gamo (ojaxi, mSoblebi, asaki) ver SeZles dawyebuli saqmis, garkveulad awyobili socialuri Tu ekonomiuri mdgomareobis mitoveba da yvelafris Tavidan dawyeba. es procesi 2003 wlamde gagrZelda.

_ rodis daiwyo pirveli seriozu-li nabijebi da ra iyo is RonisZieba, romelmac SeZlo seriozuli perspeq-tivebis dasaxva mecnierebis ganviTare-bisaTvis?

_ mTavari impulsi, rac saqarTve-los mecnierebis aRorZinebas Seexeboda, gaCnda `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg, roca xelisuflebaSi dasavlur fas-eulobaze realurad orientirebuli mTavroba movida. maSin gadawyda, rom Ca-moyalibebuliyo erovnuli samecniero fondi da mecnierebis dafinanseba gran-tebis gacemis gziT momxdariyo. es iyo is gadamwyveti nabiji, romelmac SemdgomSi mTlianad gansazRvra mecnierebis ganvi-Tarebis gza.

2005 wlis bolos, roca ganaTlebis ministri kaxa lomaia gaxldaT, Camoya-libda erovnuli samecniero fondi da misi moqmedebis mTavari principi (Tavda-pirvelad, mxolod sagranto dafinanse-bisTvis, gamoyofili iyo daaxloebiT 3 milioni lari). paralelurad SenarCun-da da gaizarda institutebis bazisuri dafinanseba, romelic daaxloebiT 11 milion lars Seadgenda. ganisazRvra, rom grantis miRebis msurvel mecniers, an mecnierTa jgufs, samecniero fond-

Si qarTul da inglisur enebze unda wa-redgina saproeqto ganacxadi, romelic garkveul formats da moTxovnebs daak-mayofilebda. es proeqtebi egzavneboda ucxoel da qarTvel eqspertebs, romle-bic maT afasebdnen. grantis gacema xde-boda eqspertebis Sefasebis safuZvelze, romelsac SemdgomSi fondis samecniero sabWo amtkicebda. es iyo saqarTvelos realobaSi revoluciuri gza, romel-mac mecnierebs daanaxa, rom sagranto tipis samecniero kvlevebis dafinanseba ukve aRar iyo damokidebuli akademiur wodebaze, dakavebul Tanamdebobebze da nacnob-megobrobaze. kvlevebisaTvis fulis miReba winaswar garantirebu-li ki aRar iyo, aramed amisTvis saWiro gaxda kargi, maRali donis samecniero proeqtis dawera da Tanamedroveobaze morgeba. es ukanaskneli gardauvali au-cilebloba iyo ganviTarebisaTvis, rad-ganac, kidev erTxel gavixseneb, obie-qturi, samecniero sazomebiT iseT mo-winave institutSic ki, rogoric iyo mo-lekuluri biologiisa da biologiuri fizikis instituti (da romlis direqto-radac garkveuli periodi vimuSave), 2005 wlis bolos TanamSromlebis naxevarze meti ver flobda kompiuterTan muSao-bis unar-Cvevebs, saofise Tu specialur kompiuterul programebs. sakmao pro-blemas wavawydiT ucxo enis praqtikuli flobis TvalsazrisiTac. zogadad, mec-nierebma Zalian kargad icodnen mecnie-ruli kuTxiT TavianTi saqme, TavianTi saqmis profesionalebic iyvnen, magram, samwuxarod, axal realobas morgebulni ar iyvnen.

sagranto sistemaze gadasvlam ga-moiwvia erovnuli samecniero fondis moqmedebis struqturis ganviTareba da daxvewa. bolo periodSi is ukve 10 samec-niero mimarTulebas afinansebda zusti, sabunebismetyvelo, agraruli da humani-taruli mecnierebebis mimarTulebiT.

2007 wels erovnul samecniero fonds gamoeyo rusTavelis fondi, romelic mxo-lod humanitarul da socialur-politi-kur mimarTulebebs afinansebda. 2010 wels es ori fondi erT _ SoTa rusTavelis erovnul samecniero fondSi gaerTianda, radganac miviCnieT, rom saqarTveloSi mecnierebis dafinansebas erTi organiza-cia unda xelmZRvanelobdes. Zalian didi nabiji gadaidga sagranto dafinansebis gazrdis mxrivac _ misi jamuri biujeti 27 milion laramde gaizarda (SeadareT 3 milion lars, 2006 wels).

_ ukanasknel xans daiwyo reforme-bi samecniero-kvleviTi institute-bis mimarTulebiTac. es institutebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen da garkveul qonebas flobdnen. maTma mierTebam umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebTan garkveuli aJiotaJi gamoiwvia. riT iyo gamowveuli opti-mizaciis es procesi?

_ es marTlac mniSvnelovani gadawy-vetileba iyo. 2008 wels daiwyo axlebu-rad fiqri, Tu rogor ganxorcielebu-liyo am institutebis menejmenti. maSin aseTi suraTi ikveTeboda _ arsebobda 64 kvleviTi instituti – sajaro samarT-lis iuridiuli piri. maT Soris funda-menturi, gamoyenebiTi, agraruli tipis institutebi, humanitaruli tipis in-stitutebi da samecniero biblioTekac ki. sagranto dafinansebis gazrdam ara-erTgvarovnad imoqmeda am institutebis samecniero potencialze. zogierT maT-ganSi, rogorebic iyo msoflioSi cno-bili da gamorCeuli e. andronikaSvilis fizikis instituti, a. razmaZis maTema-tikis instituti, i. beritaSvilis fizio-logiis instituti, g. eliavas baqterio-

fagiis, mikrobiologiisa da virusolo-giis instituti, r. aglaZis araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis instituti, TiToeulSi 10-15 granti xorcieldebo-da, sxvagan ki _ arc erTi.

aman ganapiroba mosazreba samecnie-ro-kvleviTi institutebis optimiza-ciaze. Seiqmna prezidentTan arsebuli samecniero kvlevebisa da ganviTarebis sabWo, romelsac mecnierebaTa erovnu-li akademiis vice-prezidenti, akademi-kosi fridon Todua xelmZRvanelobda. paralelurad, moviwvieT auditi, ro-melmac am institutebis finansuri da ma-terialuri mdgomareoba Seiswavla.

miviReT gamaognebeli Sedegebi: im periodisaTvis 64 samecniero-kvleviTi institutis jamuri, sabazo dafinanse-ba Seadgenda 11 milion lars. aRmoCnda, rom samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobisT-vis, vgulisxmob qimiuri reaqtivebisa da materialuri Rirebulebebis SeZenas, gadaiaraReba-aRWurvas, wignebis SeZenas anu nebismier saqmianobas, romelic fun-damenturi, gamoyenebiTi Tu humanitaru-li mecnierebis kuTxiT unda warmarTu-liyo, mxolod 300 000 lari xmardebo-da, maSin, roca daaxloebiT igive Tanxa ixarjeboda satelefono momsaxurebaze. cxadia, institutidan institutamde Za-lian gansxvavebuli suraTi iyo, magram faqtebi aseTi gaxldaT: 2008 wlis bolos 28 samecniero-kvleviT instituts in-terneti ar hqonda da arc fiqrobda, rom hqonoda(?!). 64 institutidan 20-ze mets, bolo 10 wlis manZilze, erTi statiac ar hqonda dabeWdili sazRvargareTis re-cenzirebul an impaqt-faqtorian Jur-nalSi. amiT minda vTqva, rom Cven gvqonda gamorCeulad warmatebuli institute-bic da iseTi institutebic, romlebsac mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi aranairi wv-lili ar Sehqonda.

iyo kriminaluri SemTxvevebic, maga-liTad, ramdenime institutis direqto-ri sxvadasxva darRvevebisTvis daakaves. sxvadasxva muxliT sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRiZra Tanamdebobis pirebzec. iyo SemTxvevebi, roca aramiznobrivad xdeboda gamoyofili Tanxebis xarjva. magaliTad, agraruli tipis kvleviTi instituti aTasobiT heqtar miwas flob-da. am miwaze wlis ganmavlobaSi sasoflo sameurneo tipis samuSaoebi (xvna-Tesva, mosavlis moyvana, seleqcia) mimdina-reobda, xolo formdeboda, rogorc samecniero kvleva. sad midioda da ro-gor nawildeboda Semosavali, amas dRes kompetenturi organoebi iZieben, magram gvaqvs prokuraturis daskvna, romelSic pirdapir iyo miTiTebuli, rom am tipis institutis aseTi saxiT funqcionireba da arseboba mizanSeuwonelia. maxsovs, CemTan movida erTi pirovneba, rome-lic, TiTqosda, pomidoris morwyvis te-qnologias swavlobda 10 heqtarze(?!). rogorc Cans, igi Seawuxa sagadasaxado samsaxurma da Cvengan sWirdeboda cnoba, rom es iyo samecniero eqsperimenti da ara kerZo Semosavali. ra Tqma unda, ase-Ti mentalitetis mqone adamiani aramc da

mecnierebis ganviTarebis tedenciadamoukidebel saqarTveloSi

mecnierebis ganviTareba saxelmwifos is qvakuTxedia, romelzec myarad dgas qveynis saxelmwifoebriobis da civilizebu-lobis ganmsazRvreli niSani. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelo didxans iyo Cakarguli sabWoeTis mrume morevSi, mainc axerx-ebda, msoflio samecniero sazogadoeba Seevso iseTi varskvlavebiT, rogorebic iyvnen petre meliqiSvili, niko musxeliSvili, ivane javaxiSvili, ilia vekua, dimitri uznaZe da sxvebi. maT daanaxes msoflios, rom azrovnebis Tavisuflebas da mecnierebas sazRvrebi ar aqvs.

mas Semdeg, rac sabWoTa kavSirSi erebis gamofxizlebis mZime etapi daiwyo, imperiis SemadgenlobaSi Semaval qveynebs, maT Soris, saqarTvelosac, bevri msxverplis gaReba mouwia. damoukideblobisTvis brZolas, faqtobrivad, Seewira qveynis ekono-mika da ganaTleba, xolo mecnierebam TiTqmis sawyisi wertilidan daiwyo dasavlur Rirebulebebze morgebuli sistemis Seqmna.

ra etapebi gaiara qarTulma samecniero sazogadoebam damoukideblobis wlebSi? ra siZneleebi gadalaxa man da ras sTava-zobs qarTvel mecnierebs dRevandeli xelisufleba? am sakiTxebze sasaubrod mivmarTeT saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis ministris moadgiles nodar surgulaZes, romelic am Tanamdebobamde warmatebul samecniero moRvaweobas eweoda da saqarTvelos damoukideblobis periodis mecnierebis ganviTarebis yvela etapis av-kargi sakuTar Tavze gamoscda.

me-3 gverdze

Temis respondenti

nodar surgulaZe

Tbilisisuniversiteti

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aramc ar aris mecnieri da am Rirseul da marTlac sapatio wodebas Seuracxyofas ayenebs.

optimizaciis winapiroba iyo isic, rom im periodSi gvqonda 11 sxvadasxva biosamedicino profilis instituti, 9 msgavsi profilis sabunebismetyvelo instituti, 12 soflis meurneobis insti-tuti da a.S. bunebrivia, daisva kiTxva, xom ar SeiZleboda momxdariyo erTnairi tipis institutebis Serwyma, xarjebis optimizacia da maTi saqmianobis konso-lidacia.

samecniero institutebis refor-mirebis am process daemTxva ruseT-saqarTvelos agvistos omi, ramac aseve Sedegi iqonia samecniero kvlevebis pro-cesze. 5 aTasamde ltolvili droebiT ganTavsda institutebis SenobebSi. aman, garkveulwilad, mZimed imoqmeda insti-tutebis materialur-teqnikur bazebze, radganac iyo SemTxvevebi, roca, ltol-vilebis mxridan arasaTanado mopyrobis Sedegad, institutebis infrastruqtu-ris da laboratoriebis garkveuli nawi-li dazianda an ganadgurda.

am movlenebis paralelurad wamovida meore tendencia _ 2004 wlidan warmate-biT gatarebuli reformebis Sedegad, finansurad momZlavrda saxelmwifo um-aRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebule-bebi (magaliTad, Tu Tbilisis saxelmwi-fo universitetis biujeti 2004 wels 23 milioni lari iyo, 2010-2011 wlisaTvis am Tanxam 45 milion lars gadaaWarba. biujetis zrdis tendenciis mixedviT, aseve warmatebulTa rigebSia saqarT-velos teqnikuri universiteti, ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino universiteti, romlebsac, saswavlosTan erTad, samec-niero da kvleviTi funqciebic gaaCnda. samecniero institutebis optimizaciis procesis ganxilvis dros daisva kiTxva _ xom ar sjobda, rom es institutebi Sesuliyo universitetebis Semadgenlo-baSi damoukidebel struqturul erTeu-lad da momxdariyo maTi CarTva ganaTle-bis procesSi.

2010 wlis zafxulSi daviwyeT samec-niero-kvleviTi institutebis optimiza-cia da maTi etapobrivi Serwyma umaRles saswavleblebTan. Tsu-Si damoukidebe-li samecniero institutis statusiT 13 institutia gaerTianebuli. agrarul universitets miuerTda daaxloebiT am-denive instituti, socialur-politi-kur mecnierebaTa centris saxiT, ilias universitets miuerTda 6 instituti, teqnikur universitets SeuerTda 12 instituti. samecniero Sevseba miiRes, aseve, baTumisa da quTaisis universite-tebma. calke Seiqmna sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ sicocxlis Semswav-leli centri, romelSic gaerTianda molekuluri biologiis, fiziologiis, eqsperimetuli nevrologiis da radio-logiis institutebi. damoukidebeli statusiT sargeblobs arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti, samecniero biblioTeka da xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. k. zavrievis samSeneblo meqanikis da seismomedegobis instituti, romelic sxvadasxva saxis eqspertizas atarebs, daeqvemdebara iusticiis saministros samxaraulis sasamarTlo eqspertizis biuros. Tavdacvis saministros miuerT-da, aseve, ramdenime Sesabamisi profilis instituti.

vfiqrob, rom umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis erT Wers qveS gaerTian-eba pozitiuri nabiji iqneba yvela mxriv, maT Soris, axalgazrdebisTvis.

mogexsenebaT, mecniereba da ganaT-leba erTi sibrtyea. Tu mecnierebaSi axalgazrda kadris momzadeba ar xde-ba, male miviRebT asakobriv daberebas da mecnierebis kvdomas. magaliTad, in-stitutSi, sadac me vmuSaobdi, Cemi asa-kis sul oriode adamiani iyo (me 34-is gaxldiT). Semdgom asakobrivad yvelaze axlos mdgomi adamiani 45 wlisa iyo, ko-legebis saSualo asaki ki 60 welze metis. es obieqturi mizezebiT iyo gamowveuli, radganac 1990 wlidan 2005 wlamde axali kadrebiT Sevseba, faqtobrivad, ar xde-

boda. universitetis fizikis fakulte-tis 1995 wlis 125 kursdamTavrebulidan mecnierebaSi sul 2-3 adamiani davrCiT. 2002 wels, roca aSS-Si samecniero kva-lifikaciis asamaRleblad wavedi, Cemi, rigiTi mecnier-TanamSromlis xelfasi 25 lari iyo, amitomac axalgazrdebis udidesi nawili am xelfasze institutSi samuSaod ar modioda. momavalSi samec-niero kadrebis daberebis problemis wi-naSe rom ar davdgeT, saWiroa studentis daintereseba da momavali samecniero muSaobisaTvis momzadeba. gava wlebi da mere ufro mkveTrad davinaxavT, ram-denad marTebuli gadawyvetileba mivi-ReT dRes, magram vfiqrob, am etapze es yvelaze kargi gamosavali iyo.

_ rogorc cnobilia gazrdilia ara mxolod sagranto biujeti, aramed grantebis tipebic. ra niSniT daiyo sagranto programebi da ra gavlenas moaxdens igi mecnierebis ganviTare-baze?

_ diax, Tu adre saqarTveloSi gaice-moda erTi tipis granti, dRes 24-ze meti sxvadasxva tipis sagranto programa mo-qmedebs (maT Soris saxelmwifo samec-niero grantebi fundamenturi da gamoy-enebiTi mecnierebebisTvis, prezidentis grantebi axalgazrda mecnierTaTvis, moklevadiani individualuri samogzau-ro grantebi, sakonferencio grantebi, programa _ qarTvelologiis sazaf-xulo skola, grantebi eleqtronuli samecniero Jurnalebis Sesaqmnelad, sa-granto konkursi qarTuli eleqtronu-li leqsikonebis Sesaqmnelad, grantebi axalgazrda mecnierTa ucxoeTSi samec-niero-kvleviTi staJirebisaTvis da sxva mravali tipis granti, romlis detalu-rad gacnoba SesaZlebelia veb-gverdze http://www.rustaveli.org.ge.

e.w. `didi granti~ daiSala sami sxva-dasxva tipis grantad: 1) granti funda-menturi mecnierebebisaTvis (50 aTasi lari samwliani periodisaTvis), 2) gamoy-enebiTi tipis grantebi, romlis Sedega-dac unda miviRoT prototipi, dasru-lebuli produqcia, maketi an programa, rac gamoyenebiTi mecnierebis qolgis qveS xvdeba (dafinanseba weliwadSi 100 aTasi lari) da 3) teqnoparki, romelic Cveni SexedulebiT aris is adgili/loka-cia, romelSic universitetebSi (samec-niero rgolebSi) Seqmnili erTeulovani produqti gamravldeba da saqonlis sa-xes miiRebs.

teqnoparki momavalSi unda iqces uni-versitetebis erT-erTi mTavari Semosav-lis wyarod, ise, rogorc es ucxoeTis wamyvan universitetebSi xdeba. aqve unda davZino _ Zveli Secdoma rom ar gavimeo-roT, es ar unda iyos e.w. `garantirebuli dafinanseba”, es unda moxdes samarTlia-ni da gamWvirvale konkursis safuZvel-ze, universitetis TanadafinansebiT da/an investoris dainteresebiT.

sabolood, Tu SevajamebT, aseT

suraTs miviRebT _ Cven vafinansebT fundamentur mecnierebebs, romlis Sedegebs eyrdnoba gamoyenebiTi mec-niereba, vafinansebT gamoyenebiTi ti-pis proeqtebs, romelic, Tavis mxriv, safuZvlad udevs teqnoparkebis funq-cionirebas da davafinansebT teqnopar-kebs, romlis funqcionirebis Sedegad Semotanilma Tanxam xeli unda Seuwyos fundamenturi mecnierebis ganviTare-bas, anu mecnierebis komercializaciis mTliani jaWvi Seiqmna. Cven gamoyenebiTi mecnierebisa da teqnoparkebis grante-biT mivaRwevT imas, rom Tanadafinanse-bis principiT davainteresoT rogorc instituciebi, aseve biznesic. es auci-lebelia, radganac, kvlav vimeoreb, azri ar aqvs fulis xarjvas, Tu es samecniero Sedegi/produqcia aravis ainteresebs. me warsulSi minaxavs Zalian bevri maRali donis samecniero kvleva, romlis Sede-gic saqarTveloSi, misi avtorebis garda, aravin icis. amasac aqvs Tavisi mizezi – es samecniero jgufebi da laboratoriebi muSaobdnen sabWoTa kavSiris (an mogvia-nebiT sxva qveynebis) dakveTaze da, maT garda kvlevis Sedegi aravis sWirdeba.

ramdenime wlis win erovnulma samec-niero fondma amerikis samecniero kvle-vebisa da ganviTarebis organizaciasTan erTad (CRDF) Caatara pirveli sagranto konkursi, romelic iTvaliswinebda ise-Ti samecniero kvlevebis dafinansebas, romlis Tanadamfinansebeli iqneboda romelime biznes-organizacia. anu biz-ness unda Caedo fuli imaSi, rom mieRo samecniero produqti, romlis gamoyene-basac igi SeZlebda. am konkursma Zalian kargi Sedegi aCvena da aseTi tipis Ta-namSromlobis konkretul magaliTs mo-giyvanT: albaT gaxsovT, rom 5-6 wlis win Tbilisis wyalkanalis Webis saxuravebs

iparavdnen, radganac es saxuravebi mZime da Zvirad Rirebuli liTonisgan (Tuji) iyo damzadebuli da jarTis mimReb pun-qtebSi kargi gasaReba hqonda. r. aglaZis araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutSi Sesrulebuli samecniero kvlevis safuZvelze, mecnierTa jgufma Seasrula samecniero proeqti, romlis damkveTic iyo Tbilisis wyalkanali. kerZod, mecnierebma adgilobrivi nedl-eulidan, bazaltis boWkodan, Webis saxu-ravebis damzadebisTvis Seqmnes masala, romelic msubuqi, gamZle, iafi da mtki-cea. amitomac Tbilisis wyalkanalma am saxuravebiT Caanacvla Tujis saxuravi da dRes ukve mas aRaravin iparavs.

didi samuSaoa Casatarebeli im kuTxiT, rom mecniers vaswavloT mecnie-rebis komercializaciis anabana: rogor daapatentos gamogoneba, rogor daicvas mecnieruli idea, ra unda iyos gamogo-nebis an samecniero produqtis Seqmnis Semdgomi nabiji, rogor ganaxorcielos samecniero transferi da a.S. es saerTod ar arsebobda xuTi wlis win. dRes gark-veuli konturebi ukve gamoikveTa. ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo uni-versiteti am mxriv gadadgmuli nabije-biT saqarTveloSi lideria.

aqcenti keTdeba axalgazrda mecnie-rebis xelSewyobazec. amerikaSi udidesi samecniero fondebis mier (NSF, NIH) grantis mopovebis yoveli 100 msurve-lidan 11-14% finansdeba, CvenTan ki, Tu aviRebT 2009-2010 wlis monacemebs, axal-gazrda mecnierebis saprezidento gran-tiT dafinansebis done 40 procentamde avida. es Zalian maRali maCvenebelia.

_ mecnierTa garkveul nawils sa-granto dafinanseba samarTlianad ar miaCnda (simarTle moiTxovs vTqvaT, rom dResac bevrs SexvdebiT, visac mec-nierebis dafinansebis es forma marTe-bulad ar miaCnia). sayvedurebi ismoda erovnuli samecniero fondis mimarT-ac. Tqven rogor fiqrobT, iyo Tu ara Seferxebebi da ra Secdoma davuSviT 2005 wlidan 2010 wlamde samecniero konkursebis warmoebaSi?

_ 2005 wlidan 2010 wlamde periodSi erovnuli samecniero fondis meSveobiT gaxarjuli iyo 50 milionamde lari. Cven vafinansebdiT, umeteswilad, fundamen-tur mecnierebebs, yvelafers, oRond ki proeqti maRali samecniero Rirebule-bisa yofiliyo. vafinansebdiT kosmosur kvlevebs, ekologiis iseT sakiTxebs, ro-melic saqarTvelosTvis aqtualuri ar iyo, vafinansebdiT filosofiis an isto-riis iseT sakiTxebs, romelic zogadsaka-cobrio Rirebulebisaa da saqarTvelos realur interesebs, an saqarTveloSi moxmarebad sferos ar ganekuTvnebo-da. dRes Cven grantebis dafinansebis veqtori fundamenturi mimarTulebi-dan gadaixara gamoyenebiTi samecniero proeqtebis dafinansebisaken. vamjo-bineT, rom Cveni Tanxebi da samecniero proeqtebi mivmarToT saqarTvelosTvis realuri da arsebiTi sakiTxebisaken. anu, vfiqrobT, rogor ukeT `gavanivToT~ samecniero idea gamoyenebad produ-qtad, Tumca paralelurad aucileblad gagrZeldeba fundamenturi mecnierebis dafinansebac.

vimeoreb, Sedegebi ramdenime welSi iqneba xelSesaxebi. Secdomisagan zoga-dad, dazRveuli aravinaa, mogexsenebaT, vinc ar muSaobs, is Secdomasac ar uSvebs, magram mainc mimaCnia, rom dReisaTvis yvela is reformatoruli nabiji, rac ga-daidga, saukeTeso gzaa mecnierebis gan-viTarebis perspeqtivis dasaxvisTvis.

_ SevajamoT damoukideblobis 20 weli mecnierebis ganviTarebis kuTxiT. ra perspeqtivebs usaxavs xelisufleba samecniero sazogadoebas?

_ am 20 wlidan 10-12 weli, fa-qtobrivad, winsvla ar gvqonia. mecniere-bis ganviTarebisTvis garkveuli konkre-tuli nabijebis gadadgma bolo 6 welia, rac daiwyo. kritika aris da iqneba kidec, magram es ar aris im tipis saqmianoba, romlis gamoc unda gvakritikon, sjobs yvelam erTad vimuSaoT da SevimuSaoT mecnierebis menejmentis ufro moqnili meTodebi, movipovoT dafinansebis axa-li wyaroebi. magaliTisTvis, arsebobs evrokavSiris FP-7 CarCoO programa (rom-lis biujetic 14 miliardi evroa), aris amerikuli samecniero fondi NSF (biuje-ti _ daaxloebiT 6,8 miliardi dolari), iaponiis samecniero fondi JSPS (biuje-ti _ daaxloebiT 2,5 miliardi dolari). yvela es fondi sagranto proeqtebisaT-vis Riaa. gvyavs mecnierebi, SegviZlia kolaboracia, SegviZlia erToblivi sa-granto ganacxadebis wardgena aRniSnul fondebSi, amitom SevecadoT movipovoT dafinanseba. mecnieri ar unda Semoisaz-Rvros marto saqarTvelos samecniero fondebiT, man rac SeiZleba meti konta-qtebi unda daamyaros, meti informacia moipovos da amiT xeli Seuwyos mecnie-rebis ganviTarebas. amas emsaxureba sa-mogzauro da sakonferencio grantebi, romelsac Cven gavcemT. marto 2011 wels, saxelmwifos mier msoflio donis 9 sa-mecniero konferencia dafinansda. swo-red aseTi tipis RonisZiebebze xdeba sa-mecniero ideebis gacvla da kontaqtebis damyareba, rac, Tavis mxriv, karg niadags qmnis mecnierebis ganviTarebisTvis.

moamzada maia toraZem

mecnierebis ganviTarebis tedenciadamoukidebel saqarTveloSi

meore gverdidan

Tbilisis universiteti

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maia toraZe

sazogadoebas kargad axsovs 20 wlis win xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebebi – Caricxuliyo yvela, vinc ki ar daiza-rebda da ubralod gancxadebas Seitanda umaRles saswavlebelSi. es iyo Tu ara dasawyisi, aravin icis, magram am periods ki namdvilad emTxveva saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sistemis rRveva, rasac sa-fuZveli swored im gadawyvetilebebma Cauyara, romelic maSindelma jer kidev sabWoTa xelisuflebam axalgazrdobas sakenkiviT miuyara da amiT maTSi pasu-xismgeblobis da codnis SeZenis wyurvi-li Cakla.

am wlebma qveyanas, ekonomikuri za-ralis garda, moutana yvelaze Semzara-vi ram _ nihilisturi damokidebuleba codnis, skolisa da umaRlesi ganaTle-bis mimarT. Sedegebs dRemde vimkiT: am nihilizmis gamo saqarTvelos daaklda profesionalebi, daaklda mecnierebi, daaklda soflis meurneobis speciali-stebi, iuristebi, ekonomistebi, ped-agogebi... es CamonaTvali SeiZleba bevrs arafers ambobs, magram Cven qveynis sa-xelmwifoebrivi mowyobis yvela etapze SevigrZeniT specialistebis nakleboba, SevigrZeniT aucilebloba da saWiroeba im adamianebisa, romlebsac saxelmwifos mSeneblobaSi TiTo aguri mainc unda da-edo.

am wlebSi yvelaze metad zogadi ga-naTlebis sistema dazaralda. skolam dakarga funqcia, dakarga avtoriteti, aRzrdis mTavari faseulobebi da gadaiq-ca im dawesebulebad, sadac axalgazrdas 16 wlamde sabuTebi unda hqonoda `Sen-axuli~. maTi nawili garkveuli Tanxis gadaxdis, nawili ki repetitorebTan siarulis Semdeg ubralo gasaubrebiT xvdeboda sokoebiviT momravlebul `universitetebSi~, sadac codnas ki ara, sanukvar diploms iRebda. skolasa da umaRles saswavlebels Soris damakavSi-rebeli Zafi gawyda. calke idga saSualo ganaTleba, rogorc simboluri ram da calke _ umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc ganaTlebulobis damadasturebeli au-cilebloba da saWiroeba.

ra gza gamoiara ganaTlebis siste-mam dRemde? aRidgina Tu ara dakarguli funqcia? ra etapebi gvaqvs gasavleli srulyofili ganaTlebis sistemis misa-Rebad? am kiTxvebze gvpasuxobs filo-logiis doqtori, Tbilisis 24-e sajaro skolis direqtori gia murRulia:

_ batono gia, Tu saqarTvelos da-moukideblobis ganvlil ocwleuls gavixsenebT, albaT, saWiro iqneba Tvali gadavavloT im movlenebs, rac ganaTlebis sistemis aRorZinebisTvis gaviareT. SesaZlebelia Tu ara am pe-riodis etapebad dayofa da ra Sinaar-sobrivi datvirTva hqonda mas?

_ ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis an Camoyalibebis etapebi erTgvari ana-lizis an, Tundac, gemovnebis sakiTxia _ vin rogor dayofs mas. erTi ram ki sruliad naTelia: ar arsebobs univer-saluri da sayovelTao sistema _ iseTi, romelic moergeba nebismieri qveynisa da drois interesebs. amitom saqarTvelom, rogorc ki SesaZlebloba mieca, Tavadve gadaewyvita sakuTari ganaTlebis siste-mis bedi, daiwyo fiqri, Tu rogor unda yofiliyo gaazrebuli es sistema da ra amocanebi unda gadaewyvita.

bunebrivia, yvelaferi koncefciebis mofiqrebiT daiwyo. 1989-1990 wlebSi, konkursic ki gamocxadda da maxsovs, Seiqmna im drois Sesabamisi ramdenime koncefcia, romelic am gadasaxedidan sruliad aSkaraa, rom met-naklebad ze-dapiruli gaxldaT.

es iyo pirveli etapi, romelsac piro-

biTad gaazrebis etapi davarqvaT. es eta-pi gardauvali aucilebloba gaxldaT, Tumca, dRes aSkaraa, rom arc erT kon-cefciasa da dokumentSi saTanadod ar iyo gansazRvruli, vin unda gagvezarda. rodesac adamianTa jgufi ganaTlebis koncefcias ayalibebs, mas gaazrebuli unda hqondes, ra amocanebis gadasawy-vetad zrdian momaval Taobas, ras inar-Cuneben warsulidan da risi SeZena surT samomavlod. es sakiTxebi im etapze ga-mokveTilad ver davinaxe da amis Sesaxeb diskusiac gavmarTeT.

_ ra Sinaarsi hqonda am konce-fciebs, yvelaferi uaryofili iyo sabWoTa saswavlo sistemidan? maT avtorebs Seswavlili hqondaT ev-ropis da msoflios sxva qveynebis gamocdileba Tu mxolod sakuTari qveynis miznebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen?

_ sxva qveynebis gamocdileba met-naklebad Seswavlili iyo, magram maSin ZiriTadi aqcenti gadatanili iyo ganaT-lebis sistemis struqturaze: ramden safexuriani swavleba unda yofiliyo skolaSi, rogori unda yofiliyo bma um-aRles ganaTlebasTan da a.S. struqtu-ruli fiqri win uswrebda Sinaarsobriv fiqrs da es mTlad kargi ar iyo, radgan ganaTlebaSi ̀ jer~ da ̀ mere~ ar arsebobs, orive TanabarmniSvnelovania. struqtu-ra mxolod imis gamomxatvelia, Tu ra gziT fiqrob dasaxuli miznis miRwevas, ra sqema moergeba ukeTesad Sens miznebs, anu Sinaarss, magram amas maSin naklebad acnobierebdnen.

_ Semdeg iyo zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanoni, romelsac aranaklebi aJiotaJi mohyva, ras uwunebdnen am kanons?

_ 1997 wels miiRes kanoni, romelic SemdgomSi kidev bevrjer Seicvala. iyo mcdeloba, SeecvalaT skolis marTvis sistema da es Zalian mniSvnelovani gaxl-daT, Tumca im etapze verc es moxerxda. ukve Semdgom etapze, kanonSi Sevida cv-lilebebi, romlis Sedegadac SemoiRes sameurveo sabWo. es iyo mniSvnelovani nabiji, radganac qveyanam gaacnobiera, rom ZiriTadi damkveTi – sazogadoeba, unda monawileobdes skolis marTvaSi. sameurveo sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sedi-oda (did skolebSi) 6 mSobeli da 6 mas-wavlebeli. xmis ufleba unda hqonoda moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobasac.

miuxedavad skolis marTvis am mniSv-nelovani struqturis dakanonebisa, unda giTxraT, rom, Cemi fiqriT, dRemde es institucia srulfasovnad ver mu-Saobs. mis gamarTul muSaobas an raRac aklia uflebamosilebis TvalsazrisiT, an arada, Cveni sazogadoeba Zalian iner-tulia, rom aseTi instrumentebi gamoi-yenos. simarTle giTxraT, me ufro meo-resken vixrebi, radganac Zalian dabali warmodgenis var saskolo cxovrebaSi sazogadoebis aqtivobaze. amis Sesaxeb araerTgzis ganmicxadebia sajarodac. Cveni sazogadoeba ver gaTavisuflda im mosazrebisagan, rom saxelmwifo unda akeTebdes mis nacvlad yvelafers. es azri moqalaqeebis didi umravlesobis cnobierebaSi Zalian myaradaa gamjdari. mentaloba ki Zalian nela icvleba.

zogadad, ganaTlebis reforma, sxva arsebiT momentebTan erTad, aris men-talobis koreqcia da roca amaze vlapa-rakobT, `gamovardebian~ (es sityva unda gamoviyeno) xolme adamianebi, romlebic iwyeben saubars _ aa, Tqven qarTvelebis Secvla gindaT? ara, batono, araviTari

qarTvelis Secvla ar minda, Zalian miy-vars saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi, magram raRacebi ar momwons da es bunebrivia, radgan msurs obieqturad Sevxedo yvel-afers. zogadad, yvela gonieri adamiani cdilobs, obieqturad Sexedos sakuTar Tavs, raTa gaaumjobesos sakuTari gen-eracia, momavali.

Cveni amocana is ki ar unda iyos, rom Cveni Svilebi zustad iseTebi gavzar-doT, rogoric Cven varT (idealurebi rom ar varT, viciT), aramed ukeTesebi. kargad unda gvqondes Seswavlili, vin varT Cven, rani varT, rogoria Cveni xa-siaTi, ra SevinarCunoT, ra ganvaaxloT da ras mivceT pozitiuri ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba. me swored amaze mqon-da dava ganaTlebis sistemis zogierT xelmZRvanelTan. am koncefciebSi da programebSi ar iyo kargad gaazrebuli, vin varT qarTvelebi, ra plusebi gvaqvs

mentalobaSi da ra iTxovs koreqcias. ma-galiTebs getyviT: pirveli: yovelTvis vambobdi da axlac vimeoreb – ar varga qarTvelis damokidebuleba drosTan. Cveni Tanamemamuleebis didi umravle-soba arc sakuTar dros ufrTxildeba da arc sxvisas. amitom skolam unda aswav-los axalgazrdas drosTan damokidebu-leba da drois racionaluri gamoyene-ba. aba, erTi hkiTxeT romelime skolas, akeTebs amas? meore _ pirovneba ar ar-sebobs nebisyofis gareSe. Tu skolas ar aqvs dasaxuli amocana, rom bavSvebSi ne-bisyofa Camoayalibos, maSin aseTi skola ver upasuxebs umTavres gamowvevebs. es aris samecniero-Teoriuli da praqti-

kuli saubaric – am sakiTxTa saTanado gacnobierebis gareSe ar unda vmoqmedeb-deT, Tu gvinda, rom imaze kargi skola gvqondes, vidre dRes gvaqvs.

momdevno etapzec reformirebis procesis mTavari nakli is iyo, rom ma-TSi ar Canda zogadi ganaTlebis erov-nuli miznebi. Cven vsvamdiT kiTxvas _ rogor SeiZleba sazogadoebam Seafasos, reforma warmatebulia Tu ara, Tu winas-war ar acxadeb, ras isaxav miznad? pasuxi am kiTxvaze ar iyo. samagierod, mimdi-nareobda momabezrebeli saubrebi, rom damTavrda pirveli etapi, axla gadav-divarT meoreze da a.S. sad ewera, ra iyo pirveli etapis saqme da ra _ meoresi,

aravin icoda.daaxloebiT 90-iani wlebis bolos

Seiqmna ganaTlebis sistemis reformis saxelmwifo programa, romelic 22 kom-ponentisgan Sedgeboda. maSin saintereso nabijebi gadaidga ganaTlebis sistema-Si. mTavari rac moxda, es iyo pedagogTa pirveli atestacia, romelic marTla um-Zimes pirobebSi Catarda _ zogierT ped-agogs 10-12 Tvis xelfasi hqonda asaRebi. miuxedavad amisa, saerTo gaazrebisa da ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT, es etapi msoflio bankis eqspertebma ganaTlebis reformis yvelaze warmatebul nabijad miiCnies.

aqve imasac getyviT, rom arc es pro-grama iyo srulyofili. misi 22 kompo-nentidan, arc erTi ar exeboda maswav-leblis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas da mis profesiul ganviTarebas, rac imas aRniSnavda, rom ganaTlebis reformis `gverdidan cqera~ uSedego aRmoCnde-boda. pirveli, vinc ganaTlebis xarisxs uzrunvelyofs, es pedagogia da es dada-sturebulia dRevandeli kvlevebiTac – karg Senobaze, karg aparaturaze, karg saxelmZRvaneloebze ufro metad ganaT-lebis xarisxs kargi padagogi ganapiro-bebs. amas bevri kvleva ar sWirdeboda, magram kargia, rom es kvlevebmac daada-stura. me maSinac vkiTxulobdi _ nuTu SeiZleba ganaTlebis sistemaSi iyos 22 ufro mniSvnelovani ram, vidre aris mas-wavleblis kvalifikacia? magram, mogex-senebaT, adamianebi, romlebic saTaveSi sxedan, Zalian xSirad miiCneven, rom yve-laze Wkvianebi arian.

SevardnaZis periodis ministrebis saerTo seni gaxldaT is, rom yoveli axa-li ministri axal reformas iwyebda. ase moxda ganaTlebis sistemaSic, roca mi-nistrad aleqsandre kartozia dainiSna. swored mis dros momzadda 600 gverdia-ni dokumenti, romelic jer mTavrobam, xolo Semdeg parlamentmac daamtkica.

simarTle giTxraT, msgavsi `abraka-dabra~ ar wamikiTxavs da o'henrisa da jerom jeromis nawarmoebebis wakiTxvis Semdeg amdeni ar micinia. es iyo sruli gaugebroba da eWvi maqvs, rom es doku-menti TviT baton aleqsandre kartozia-sac ar hqonda wakiTxuli, Torem gonieri kacia da imas mainc mixvdeboda, rom masSi mTeli gverdebi meordeboda.

maxsovs, am dokumentidan frazebis wakiTxvisas parlamentis komitetis sx-domaze mTeli darbazi xarxarebda. erT-ma opoziciis warmomadgenelma mTxova, Tu kaci xar, amixseni aq ra weria, 600 gverds ra waikiTxavso. avuxseni da sul Tavis qneviT gamoxatavda sinanuls, es ra dauweriaTo.... imave saRamos am adamianma parlamentSi am abda-ubdis miRebas mxari dauWira. erTi-ori gamonaklisis garda, araferi seriozuli am dokumentSi ar ewera da verc verafers Secvlida ga-naTlebis sistemaSi. obieqturobisTvis unda iTqvas, rom kartozias dros yvela-ze ukeTesi rac gakeTda, es iyo Sefasebis sistemis Secvla da am kuTxiT evropuli gamocdilebis Seswavla. maSin aqtualu-ri gaxda es sakiTxi, radganac Sefasebas iTxovda ganaTlebis xarisxi, maswavle-blis kompetencia, Tavad sistemuri mu-Saoba da a. S.

_ rodis daiwyo realurad ga-naTlebis sistemis reformireba da ra mniSvnelovani Zvrebi mohyva amas?

_ ganaTlebis sistemis realuri re-formireba daiwyo `vardebis revolu-ciis~ Semdgom. pirvelive wels dawesda erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi, ramac, faqtobrivad, daasamara korufcia da sajaro skolebsa da umaRles saswavleb-lebSi swavlisa da swavlebis mimarT sa-xelmwifosa da sazogadoebis moTxovna gazarda. am etapis warmatebiT Catarebas didi gamocda da Zalisxmeva dasWirda sazogadoebaSi ndobis mopovebis Tval-sazrisiT. Sedegi marTlac STambeWdavia da dRes ukve aRaravis aeWvebs erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis saWiroeba.

mniSvnelovani iyo pirvelive etapze erovnuli saswavlo programis axle-burad gaazrebis procesis dawyeba da

ganaTlebis sistemis 20 wliani av-kargi

Tu ram saimedod unda eCvenebodes qarTvel sazogadoebas, esaa umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi dawyebuli seriozuli Zvrebi, rasac safuZveli 2003 wlis `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg Caeyara, magram jer kidev bevri xarvezia gamosas-worebeli saSualo donis ganaTlebis sistemaSi. es, albaT, erovnuli saswavlo programis gadaxedvasac moiTxovs, raTa aRizardos erovnuli suliskveTebiT damoukidebeli saqarTvelos `maSenebeli~ da, amave dros, evropuli Rirebulebebis mqone Taoba. aqamde ki ganaTlebis sistemam, ise, rogorc mTelma saqarTvelom, umZi-mesi periodi gaiara.

interviugiamurRuliasTan

daaxloebiT 90-iani wlebis bolos Seiqmna ganaTlebis sistemis reformis saxelmwifo programa, romelic 22 komponentisgan Sedgeboda. maSin sainte-

reso nabijebi gadaidga ganaTlebis sistemaSi. mTavari rac moxda, es iyo pedagogTa pirveli atestacia

obieqturobisTvis unda iTqvas, rom kartozias dros yvelaze ukeTesi rac gakeTda, es iyo

Sefasebis sistemis Secvla da am kuTxiT evropuli gamocdilebis Seswavla. maSin aqtualuri gaxda

es sakiTxi, radganac Sefasebas iTxovda ganaTlebis xarisxi, maswavleblis kompetencia,

Tavad sistemuri muSaoba

Temis respondenti

gia murRulia

me-5 gverdze

Tbilisisuniversiteti

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zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis gaazreba, rasac mTlianad daeyrdno ga-naTlebis sistema.

axali xelisuflebis mosvlis perio-didan daiwyo saskolo infrastruqtu-ris ganviTarebaze zrunva. gaxsovT, rom manamde skolebSi gaTboba ki ara, fanjre-bic ar iyo, axla ki skola met-naklebad skolas daemsgavsa. esec aucilebeli na-biji iyo, radgan erTia xarisxis sakiTxi da maswavlebelTa kompetencia da meore _ garemo, sadac bavSvs swavla uwevs.

bolo periodSi, aseve, daixvewa ero-vnuli gamocdebis sistema da Semovida saskolo saatestato gamocdebi, ramac skolas daubruna Tavisi pirvandeli funqcia da sazogadoebrivi azri misken moatriala. saqme isaa, rom qarTuli sa-zogadoeba ratomRac skolas Sesaferi-sad ar afasebs. misTvis umaRlesi ganaT-leba mniSvnelovania, saskolo ganaTleba ki – ise ra. arada, yvela saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo dokumenti, rac bolo dros Seiqmna, adasturebs, rom saxelmwi-fosTvis zogadi ganaTleba aris sagange-bo mniSvnelobis sfero.

bolo dros didi yuradReba mieqca pedagogTa profesiul ganviTarebas da es Zalian kargia, Tumca unda vTqva, rom maswavlebelTa motivaciis amaRlebis gareSe marto mowodebebiT fons ver ga-valT. maswavlebels unda uRirdes Za-lisxmevis gaweva sertificirebisTvis.

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani ram, rac axalma xelisuflebam daaregulira, isaa, rom bolos da bolos mogvarda saxelmZ-Rvaneloebis sakiTxi. Seiqmna Sesabamisi kriteriumebis damakmayofilebeli for-mati, romlis farglebSic unda SeirCes saTanado xarisxis (rogorc Sinaarso-brivad da meTodologiurad, ise – teqni-kuri parametrebiT) saxelmZRvaneloebi da esec Zalian kargia. kuriozi iyo, rom 10 deda ena gvqonda. amdeni alternativa saWiro ar iyo. ar gvyavs Cven am sferoSi Sesaferisi kompetenciisa da kvalifika-ciis adamianebi, rom amdeni alternativa gvqondes. am mxriv moTxovnebi gamkacrda – vimeoreb, rogorc Sinaarsis, aseve, meT-odologiis da gamocemis TvalsazrisiT.

_ Tqven zemoT axseneT, rom zogadi ganaTlebis miznebSi gansazRvruli unda iyos, vis vzrdiT. adre vzrdidiT momaval eqims, momaval pedagogs da a.S. aravin fiqrobda, misi Svili kargi mSenebeli da kargi meqanizatori yo-filiyo. dRes Tu aris gansazRvruli, vis vzrdiT, anu vis zrdis skola?

_ swored esaa Camoyalibebuli do-kumentSi, romelsac hqvia `zogadi ganaT-lebis erovnuli miznebi~ da amaze sauba-ri Cemi skolis magaliTze SemiZlia.

vin aris dRes is adamiani, visac Cven aq vzrdiT (am SemTxvevaSi sainteresoa ara mxolod momavali profesia, aramed ar-sebiTad – pirovnuli raoba), roca sas-wavlo wlis dasawyisSi pirvelklaselTa mSoblebs vxvdebi, vcdilob, naTlad Ca-movayalibo maT winaSe, ras vupireb maT Svilebs uaxloesi 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi. umjobesia, aseT dros ojaxic da skolac SeTanxmebul poziciaze dadges, radga-nac uerTmaneTod Cven bavSvis aRzrda gagviWirdeba. sityva `aRzrda~ xanda-xan ganze gvrCeba da sityva `swavlebas~ ufro did datvirTvas vaZlevT. arada, orive saWiroa.

skolaSi, pirvel rigSi, kargi adamiani da kargi qarTveli unda aRizardos, rad-gan es aris qarTuli skola. aq SeuZlebe-lia kargi germaneli an kargi amerikeli gavzardoT, magram ras niSnavs es kargi adamiani da saqarTvelos kargi moqalaqe, ukve sxva sakiTxia. me rom am ganaTlebis programas sxvebTan erTad win davideb da fiqrs daviwyeb, rogor mivaRwioT imas, rac aq weria, amis Semdeg iwyeba yvela-feri. Tu gansazRvruli ar aris, ra unda gaakeTos maswavlebelma, roca saklaso oTaxSi Seva, yvela kargi ideac ki mkvd-radSobilia.

Cveni mizania: 1) gavzardoT kargi qarTveli moqalaqeebi; 2) gamovumuSavoT nebisyofa, rom TviTon batonobdnen survilebze da ara survilebi – maTze; 3) hqondeT seriozuli sakonkurencio mdgradoba, radgan mTeli Cveni cxovreba konkursad iqca. bavSvi unda SevaCvioT, rom adamianis cxovrebaSi warmatebebic aris da warumateblobebic. maT unda SeZlon amis gamklaveba da es skolam da ojaxma erTad unda gaakeTon. Cveni miza-nia, bavSvi skolidan realuri cxovre-

bisTvis momzadebuli gavides.axlandeli sagamocdo sistema sko-

lebSi xels uwyobs zogadi ganaTlebis miRebas. xandaxan aprotesteben xolme – ratom unda Cavabaro amdeni gamocda, roca sul 4 sagani mWirdebao. es aris sru-li absurdi. zogadi ganaTleba hqvia imas, rom ra saganTa CamonaTvalic arsebobs, yvela aviTarebs SenSi saWiro Tvisebebs da gaZlevs ganaTlebas. magaliTad, SesaZ-loa, maTematika ar gamogadges im Tval-sazrisiT, rom es sagani Casabarebeli ar gqondes umaRles saswavlebelSi, magram imas, rasac maTematikis Seswavla akeTebs adamianis gonebrivi ganviTarebisTvis, veraferi Secvlis. es aris pedagogikis klasikosebis aqsiomaturi debuleba da zedmeti ganxilvebi ar sWirdeba.

zemoCamoTvlili yvela procesi rTulia da moiTxovs administraciis, pe-dagogebis, mSoblebis erTobliv Zalisx-mevas, raTa saboloo miznamde mivideT. skola ar aris mxolod iataki, saklaso oTaxi da kompiuteri. skola suliskve-Tebaa da erTi veqtoriT warmarTuli fi-qri mizanmimarTuli msvlelobisTvis.

_ xSirad gvesmis, rom Svilebs quCisTvis vimetebT, radganac sko-lis Semdeg ar aris maTi dasaqmebis an swavlebisTvis Sesaferi garemo. Tqven rogor fiqrobT, aris Tu ara dRevan-del saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi lo-gikuri bma umaRles saswavlebelTan?

_ dRevandeli saganmanaTleblo struqtura isea gaazrebuli, rom sas-kolo erTiani erovnuli saswavlo gegma myar safuZvels qmnis umaRlesi saswav-leblis programis asaTviseblad. umaR-lesi ganaTlebis sistemaSi ki yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo is, rom SemoviReT ba-kalavriati da magistratura. boloniis procesi, sxva mniSvnelovan sakiTxebTan erTad, arsebiTad aseT nabijs gulisx-mobda. cxadia, amas marto struqturu-li dayofis saxe ar unda hqondes. es um-aRlesi ganaTlebis SinaarsSic aisaxeba. Seicvala umaRlesi skolis marTvis si-stemac, igi ufro demokratiuli gaxda.

_ Tqveni azriT, ra aris dRevande-li umaRlesi saswavleblebis mizani, vin unda gamouSvas man _ konkurentu-nariani profesionali Tu ubralod, ganaTlebuli adamiani?

_ adamianis aRzrdis amocana zoga-di ganaTlebis saqmea. Tu skolis das-rulebis Semdeg adamiani pirovnulad Camoyalibebuli ar aris, Znelia umaRles skolas es misia daakisro. iq ufro spe-cializaciis misiis Sesruleba xdeba. um-aRlesi skolis mizania, moamzados eko-nomikis, kulturis da, zogadad, qveynis ganviTarebisTvis saWiro kvalificiuri specialisti. rac mTavaria, es yvelaferi bazarze unda iyos orientirebuli. Cven unda SeviswavloT dasaqmebis bazari, rom vicodeT, sad, ra da ramdeni specialisti gvWirdeba. dRes saqarTveloSi Warbi sa-muSao Zalaa, romelic xandaxan saWiroa imisTvis, rom qveyanaSi konkurencia ar

daeces, magram zedmeti konkurentuli Zala cudia.

_ aqedan gamomdinare, Tqven am-arTlebT xelisuflebis gadawyvetile-bas, rom aqcents zust da sabunebisme-tyvelo mecnierebebis ganviTarebaze akeTebs?

_ aseTi aqcentebi Zalian arsebiTia, radgan ganaTlebis politikis gatare-ba swored am saWiroebebis Seswavlas da prioritetebis gamokveTas gulisxmobs. me humanitari var da momwons es sfero, magram is mimarTulebebi, rac bolo oc-wleulis ganmavlobaSi CamorCa, Zalian operatiulad saWiroebs gamosworebas.

amis dasadastureblad gavixseneb: miuxedavad weliwadnaxevris win gake-Tebuli gancxadebisa, rom moswavleebs gamocdebis Cabareba mouwevdaT yvela saganSi, axlaxan skolebSi dasrulebul-ma winaswarma testirebebma sakmaod cudi Sedegebi aCvena fizikaSi, qimiasa da sxva sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi. es niSnavs, rom problema gvaqvs ara mxolod moswav-leebSi, aramed maswavleblebSic.

es ganaTlebis politikisa da ganaT-lebis filosofiis sferoa ukve da imedi maqvs, ganaTlebis sistemis reformire-bis am etapze ukve amasac mieqceva yurad-Reba.

_ da bolos, SevafasoT, ra Se-degebi miviReT ganaTlebis sistemaSi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis 20 wlisTavze. zemoT aRniSnuli etapebi gasavleli iyo Tu Cven zedmetad gavi-areT isini? ra etapze varT axla, gvaqvs perspeqtiva, rom ganaTlebis sistema saqarTveloSi safuZvliani da funda-menturi gaxdes?

_ perspeqtiva gvaqvs. vfiqrob, bolo dros adekvaturi nabijebi gadaidga. Sors var im azrisagan, rom yvelaferi kargadaa, magram aqcentebi maswavlebel-Ta kompetenciaze, ganaTlebis xarisxze, Tanamedrove teqnologiis damkvidre-basa da saxelmZRvaneloebze, swori mi-marTulebiT gadadgmuli nabijebia. dRevandeli skola ukve fiqrs aCvevs axalgazrdas, rac Zalian kargia. amas winaT Cvenma skolam gamarTa RonisZieba _ `sajaro fiqri giorgi mTawmindelze~. aRfrTovanebuli davrCi, radganac cxa-dad davinaxe, rom es aris Taoba, rome-lic fiqrobs.

sxvaTa Soris, am RonisZiebaze mivi-ReT gadawyvetileba da mivmarTeT xe-lisuflebas, rom gakeTdes `qarTuli didebis xeivani~, sadac warmodgenili iqneba im adamianebis biustebi, romleb-mac Seqmnes qarTuli ocneba, qarTuli idea. aseTi SeiZleba iyos 15-20 adamiani, ramdenime mefe, mmarTveli da sazogado moRvawe. aq ara erTi saintereso Ronis-Ziebis gamarTva SeiZleba. Tu am azrs gai-ziareben, isic Zalian saintereso iqneba, sazogadoeba romel qarTvel moRvaweebs miiCnevs `qarTuli didebis xeivanSi~ da-vanebis Rirsad.

ganaTlebis sistemis 20 wliani av-kargi meoTxe gverdidan

ganaTlebis sistemis realuri reformireba daiwyo `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdgom. pirvelive wels dawesda erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi, ramac,

faqtobrivad, daasamara korufcia da sajaro skolebsa da umaRles saswavleblebSi swavlisa da swavlebis mimarT saxelmwifosa da

sazogadoebis moTxovna gazarda.

bolo dros adekvaturi nabijebi gadaidga. Sors var im azrisagan, rom yvela-feri kargadaa, magram aqcentebi maswavlebelTa kompetenciaze, ganaTlebis xarisxze, Tanamedrove teqnologiis damkvidrebasa da saxelmZRvaneloe-

bze, swori mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli nabijebia. dRevandeli skola ukve fiqrs aCvevs axalgazrdas, rac Zalian kargia.

Tbilisis universiteti

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nato obolaZe

_ batono nodar, rogoria Tan-amedrove qarTveli axalgazrdis fsiqologiuri portreti da riT gan-sxvavdeba igi sabWoTa periodis axal-gazrdisgan?

_ saqarTvelo bolo saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Zalian mcire xans iyo da-moukidebeli. XIX saukunis dasawyisidan ki ruseTis kolonia gaxldaT. manamde, cal-calke samefoebad dayofil saqarT-veloSi erovnuli TviTSegnebis sakiTxi Zalian aqtualuri iyo. erovnuli muxti sabWoTa periodSi arc Senelebula. amis bevri magaliTi SegviZlia moviyvanoT. 20-iani wlebis ajanyebis garda gavix-senoT, Tundac, 1956 wlis gamosvlebi. 70-iani wlebidan disidenturi moZraoba gaaqtiurda, mniSvnelovani iyo 1978 wlis 14 aprili _ enis dacvis dRe. ase rom, mTeli saqarTvelos ocneba yovelTvis erovnuli saxelmwifoebrivi damoukide-bloba gaxldaT. CvenTan erovnuloba da saxelmwifoebrioba sxvadasxvagvarad es-modaT. samwuxaroa, magram axlac asea. es im diskusiebSi gamoCnda, rodesac kama-Tobdnen _ Caiweros Tu ara pasport-Si erovneba _ qarTveli. patrioti qarTvelebis umravlesoba Tvlis, rom Tuki pasportSi eTikurad qarTveli ar iqneba miTiTebuli, amiT erovneba daikargeba. es mcdari mosazrebaa da niS-navs erovnulobis eTnikur da ara demo-kratiul da dasavlur gagebas. Tu adami-ani Tavis identobas Cvens saxelmwifoSi poulobs, ra warmoSobisac unda iyos is, _ Tanamedrove gagebiT mainc qarTve-lia. eTnikur niSanze yuradRebis zedme-ti koncentraciac aris imis mizezi, rom dRes teritoriis 20% dakarguli gvaqvs, Tumca konfliqtebis ZiriTadi mizezi es ar yofila. sabWoTa kavSiris dros Zali-an mwvaved idga eTnikurobis problema da aucilebeli iyo amaze yuradRebis gamax-vileba. dRes, rodesac saxelmwifoebri-vi damoukidebloba mopovebuli gvaqvs, patriotizmi sul sxva rameSi unda gamo-viCinoT da ara pasportSi erovnebis mux-lis SetanaSi. vinaidan es Cvens qveyanaSi mcxovrebi sxva eTnikuri jgufebisTvis Cvengan gariyulad iqneba aRqmuli, verc saxelmwifos erTianobas Seuwyobs xels da teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdge-nisTvisac Sebrkolebis lodi iqneba. Cven aucileblad unda vipovoT Sinagani Zala da multikulturul garemoSi, yvela TanamoqalaqesTan erTad unda vaSenoT damoukidebeli demokratiuli saxelm-wifo.

wina saukunis 50-60-ian wlebSi qar-Tul axalgazrdobaSi aSkarad gaizarda erovnuli TviTSegneba. 70-ian wlebSi is kidev ufro gamoikveTa disidentur moZraobaSi, xolo `perestroikis~ mere, 80-ian wlebSi kulminacias miaRwia. da-moukideblobisa da erovnuli TviTSeg-nebisTvis brZolis es bolo talRa, swo-red Cvens universitetSi agorda.

imJamindeli diskusia _ jer damo-ukidebloba unda gvqondes da Semdeg de-mokratia, Tu piriqiT, dResac aqtualu-ria. Tumca, gvaqvs damoukidebloba, ma-gram namdvil demokratiamde bevri gvi-

klia. maSin pirvel rigSi damoukideblo-bis miReba surdaT. es fsiqologiurad gasagebi iyo, radgan, swored, damouki-debloba gvaklda, demokratia ki Cvengan ise Sors iyo, rom amaze naklebad vfi-qrobdiT. gvegona, rom damoukidebloba imTaviTve demokratisac mogvitanda.

Cemi azriT, dRevandeli axalgazr-doba bevrad ufro aqtiuria, vidre Tun-dac 80-iani wlebis. zogadad, dRes axalgazrdebSi erovnulma TviTSegnebam saxe icvala da iseTive ar aris, rogorc sabWoTa periodSi. es gasagebicaa, radgan amJamad saxelmwifoebrivi damoukide-bloba ukve realobaa da `patriotizmic~ sxvagvaradaa gagebuli. dRes patriotiz-mia, magaliTad, kargi ganaTlebis miReba da qveynis samsaxurSi yofna. dRevandel students meti Sansi aqvs wvlili Seita-nos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyali-bebaSi. magram, mainc CamorCeba sabWoTa drois students. Tumca, isic unda iT-qvas, rom maSin ar arsebobda `cdunebis~ iseTi saSualebebi, rogoricaa kompi-uteri, interneti, mobiluri da a.S. da Sesabamisad, droc ufro meti hqonda students wignis sakiTxad.

_ arsebobs mosazreba, rom saqar-TveloSi samoqalaqo sazogadoeba ar arsebobs, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba ki demokratiis CamoyalibebisTvis auci-lebelia. ra viTarebaa am mxriv axal-gazrdebSi, ramdenad aqtiurebi arian isini am mimarTulebiT?

_ am mosazrebas nawilobriv ver ga-viziareb. cvlilebebi namdvilad aris, magram samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoya-libebamde jer kidev Sors varT. is ucnau-ri faqti, rom `or qarTvels sami partia aqvs”, rogorc wesi negatiurad aRiqmeba. mezobel qveynebSi aseTi Zlieri azrTa sxvadasxvaoba ar aris. rac Seexeba samo-qalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas, am saqmeSi axalgazrdobis winsvla usaTuod igrZnoba.

_ dRes saqarTvelo axali gamo-wvevebis winaSe dgas, darRveulia misi teritoriuli mTlianoba, qveyanaSi mZ-ime socialuri fonia, demokratiuli

Rirebulebebi ar aris daculi, axla gansxvavebuli problemebia, vidre 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi. axalgazrdebi Tu pasuxoben im gamowvevebs, rasac dRes maTgan qveyana iTxovs?

_ axalgazrdebs amaze naklebi pa-suxi unda movTxovoT. kiTxva ase unda davsvaT _ ra gavakeTeT Cven imisTvis, rom axalgazrdebma Tavis mxriv upasu-xon am gamowvevebs. bevri axalgazrda amas gvsayvedurobs da es sworia. Cvens qveyanas yvela sferoSi sWirdeba pro-gresi da vfiqrob, rom axalgazrdebis mTavari gamowveva ganaTlebis miRebaa. yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac Cven gagvaC-nia, qarTveli axalgazrdebis miswrafe-baa ganaTlebisken. saxelmwifomac ufro didi wvlili unda Seitanos am saqmeSi, vidre dRes Seaqvs. ganaTlebaze saukeTe-so strategia ar arsebobs iseTi patara qveynisTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa _ da roca saqme saqmeze midgeba, qmediTi qo-magic ki ar aRmoaCndeba xolme amqveynad.

Cven mikedlebasac varT miCveuli, xan sparsebs, xan Turqebs, xan rusebs da axla amerikelebs vekedlebiT. yovelT-vis kargia, roca megobrebi gyavs, magram megobrebisTvis Senc sasurveli unda iyo, anu ise gaZlierde ganaTlebiT, kul-turiT, mecnierebiT, TviTmyofadobiT, gonierebiT, cnobierebiT, axlis miRebis unariT da jansaRi warsulis ardakarg-viT, rom sxvam, rogorc Tanaswori part-niori, ise aRgiqvas. am SemTxvevaSi Cveni qveynis simcires da mosaxleobis ricxvs mniSvneloba ar eqneba. qveyana yovelmxriv mimzidveli unda gavxadoT afxazis, osis, amerikelis, germanelis Tu sxvaTaTvis. me ganaTlebaSi da masze zrunvaSi vxedav amis yvelaze did potencials. Tavdacva aucilebelia dRes da ugunuri unda iyo, rom es uaryo, magram ganaTleba, rogorc strategia, kargi Tavdacvis sawindaria. Tavdacva marto iaraRiT ki ar xdeba, ara-med inteleqtiT, gonebiT, ganaTlebiT da es patara erebma ukve daamtkices. ma-galiTad, baltiispirelebi, romlebsac samxedro Zala ar hqondaT, ruseTis agre-sias swored amiT gaumklavdnen.

_ Tanamedrove qarTvel axal-gazrdebs globalizaciis epoqaSi uw-evT cxovreba da Camoyalibeba. glo-balizacia ki Tavis mxriv safrTxes uqmnis erovnul identobas. rogor SeiZleba am SemTxvevaSi `oqros Sual-edis~ povna?

_ Tumca globalizacia pirdapir ar ebrZvis erovnul identurobas, magram amave dros is erovnuli CarCoebis gada-laxvas gulisxmobs. ar dagvaviwydes, rom erTi ukiduresobaa sakuTar CarCoebSi Caketva da meore _ erovnulze uaris Tqma. WeSmariteba, rogorc wesi, SuaSia. aucileblad unda davafasoT Cveni didi warsuli yovelTvis, magram dRes mxolod amiT ver visazrdoebT. warsuli impulsis mimcemi unda iyos da ara mxolod traba-xis safuZveli. dasavleTidan yvelaferi azrovnebiseuli filtris gareSe rom Se-movuSvaT, esec ar iqneboda swori. axlis miReba identobis da warsulis Senar-CunebiT aris marTebuli. axalgazrda, romelic sworad viTardeba, amas Zalian

male mixvdeba. Cven dRevandel studen-tobas bevri upiratesoba aqvs sabWo-Ta periodis studentebTan SedarebiT. gaixsna sazRvrebi, qarTvelebma gaicnes msoflio... es ki aucilebeli procesia, rom sakuTari identuroba gaacnobiero. roca Tqven sxvaTa poziciasac ejaxebiT, sakuTar poziciac ukeT acnobierebT. ra aris qarTveloba, vin varT da ra gvinda, amas ufro kargad gaviazrebT, roca sx-vebsac gavecnobiT. Sedareba, urTier-Toba, sxvebTan komunikacia aucilebeli pirobaa, rom aSendes igive samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, ganviTardes Tanamedrove saxelmwifoebrioba.

_ axal Taobas rogori damokide-buleba aqvs tradiciebis mimarT?

_ dRes, globalizaciis epoqaSi, CvenTan, ra Tqma unda, iklebs is muxti, rom tradiciebze iyos orientacia. mi-uxedavad amisa, axalgazrdebSi aris didi jgufebi, romlebic swored imis gamo, rom sxva alternativa gamoCnda, tradi-ciebze da warsulze ufro metad gaxdnen koncentrirebulni.

vfiqrob, Tu tradicias ki ar Se-vebrZolebiT, aramed jansaRi formiT SevinarCunebT da gamoviyenebT, maSin is momavlisTvisac gaxdeba nayofieri. maga-liTad, Cven gvaqvs genialuri qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi da cekvebi, romlebic sxva erebmac daafases. Cvenma tradicieb-sa imdens gauZlo, rom momavalsac gauZ-lebs.

tradiciebs Tu daveyrdnobiT maSin fundamentalizmamde mivalT, magram Tu tradicias saerTod movspobT, maSin Zi-rebi mogveryeva da iseve waviqceviT, ro-gorc fesvebs mowyvetili xe. erTi cno-bili frangi moazrovnis gamoTqmaa _ `istoriidan ferfli ki ar unda aviRoT, aramed cecxli~. amitom mimaCnia, rom warsuli ar daikargeba mxolod maSin, Tu mas ganvaviTarebT da movuvliT. axal-gazrdebs cxovreba TandaTan daanaxebs, rom warsulis gareSe ar arsebobs moma-vali, magram momavlis gareSe warsuls azri ar aqvs.

_ rogor daaxasiaTebT Tanamedrove qarTvel axalgazrdobas?

_ Tanamedrove qarTveli axalgazr-da Zalian aqtiuria, xSirad sakuTari ZalebiT cdilobs cxovrebaSi adgilis damkvidrebas. sabWoTa periodSi iyvnen axalgazrdebi, romlebic mxolod sxvaze iyvnen damokidebulebi, aseTebi dResac arseboben, Tumca ufro cotani. rasak-virvelia, arsebobs safrTxe, rom axali Taobis nawili fesvebs mowydes, magram maTi jansaRi birTvi arc qarTul kul-turas daiviwyebs, axalsac miiRebs da Tavisi qveynis momavalsac aaSenebs.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitet-Si studentTa erTi nawili Zalze Tana-medrovea, meore, ufro religiuri da tradiciebze orientirebuli. maT Soris xSirad imarTeba kamaTi da es aucilebe-li procesia. rac ufro gansxvavebuli da mravalferovania am sakiTxebisadmi mid-goma, miT ufro metia samoqalaqo sazo-gadoebis Camoyalibebis Sansi. sworxazo-vani da Sav-TeTri azrovneba ver gaxdeba jansaRi momavlis aSenebis safuZveli.

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos pirmSo _axali Taoba

Temis respondenti

nodar belqania

20 weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom damoukidebloba miiRo da sabWoTa kavSiris uRlisgan gaTavisuflda. axalgazrdoba, romelic maSin Tavisi qveynis gaTavisuflebisTvis ibrZoda, sakmaod kargad acnobierebda im valdebulebebs, rac maT istoriis im mZime periodSi hqondaT dakisrebuli. maT sakuTari movaleoba qveynis winaSe Rirseulad Seasrules. dRes ki, damoukideblobis miRebidan 20 wlis Tavze, qveyanaSi gansxvavebuli da aranakleb aqtualuri problemebia, rogoricaa demokratia, saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianoba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSenebloba, globalizacia. es periodi istoriisaTvis Zalian mcirea, gansa-kuTrebiT ki arasakmarisia imisaTvis, rom axalbeda damoukidebeli qveyana, dRes arsebul rTul saerTaSoriso viTarebaSi, gaZlierdes da sxva saxelmwifoebisTvis angariSgasawevi gaxdes. XXI saukunis Tanamedrove, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos axalgazrdobis winaSe dRes ukve gansxvavebuli gamowvevebi dgas, vidre 90-ian wlebis dasawyisSi. axal Taobas gansxvavebul garemoSi uwevs cxovreba, aRar arse-bobs sabWoTa `rkinis farda,~ arsebobs interneti, gaxsnilia sazRvrebi, problemas ar warmoadgens nebismieri informaciis miReba, Sesabamisad igi multikulturul garemoSi cxovrobs. Tanamedrove axalgazrdobis cnobiereba iseT garemoSi yali-bdeba, rodesac erovnuls TandaTan sxvadasxva qveynis kulturebis damaxasiaTe-beli Tvisebebi exameba. globalizaciis saerTo morevSi axal Taobas saerTaSoriso moTxovnilebebisTvis fexis awyoba da tradiciebis, erovnulobis SenarCuneba erT-droulad uwevs. mainc ra Rirebulebebis matarebelia damoukidebeli saqarTvelos pirmSo _ axali Taoba, am Temaze Tavis mosazrebas gviziarebs Tsu-is socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis dekani, fsiqologiis mimarTulebis sruli profesori nodar belqania.

Tbilisisuniversiteti

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nino kakulia

_ ra mentalitetis mqone sazogadoeba varT da riT aris is nasazrdoebi? _ am Temaze dafiqreba gv-marTebs imdenad, ramdenadac aucilebelia vicodeT, ra Rirebulebebi devs CvenSi. sainteresoa, ramdenad icvleboda es mentaliteti am 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi da es metamorfoza rogor ukavSirdeboda xelisuf-lebebis cvlas saqarTveloSi?

_ mentalitetis Temaze saubars ufro Soridan da-viwyeb _ sabWoTa periodidan. jer kidev 80-ian wlebis bolos, roca gorbaCovma referendumi Caatara da ga-moikiTxa _ xalxs sabWoTa kavSirSi darCena undoda Tu gasvla, mosaxleobis 70% momxre iyo, rom sabWoTa kav-SirSi davrCeniliyaviT. ruseTis mTavrobas ar vendeT da mosaxleobis azris gadamowmebis mizniT saqarTve-loSic CavatareT igive gamokvleva da Sedegi erTnairi miviReT. Tu ratom undodaT sabWoTa kavSiris Semad-genlobaSi darCena _ am kiTxvaze, adamianebTan dia-logSi Sesvlisas, aseT pasuxs viRebdiT: aba, marto xom ver SevZlebT arsebobas, ruseTis gareSe ar SegviZliao. ZiriTadad am argumentiT Semoifargleboda umeteso-ba. marTalia, sabWoTa ideologiis siyvaruli aravis gamoumJRavnebia, magram es 70% iyo imis sazomi, rom ru-seTze orientacia sxvaze damokidebulebis mentalite-tis gamo gvqonda.

sisxlianma 9 aprilma, am mxriv, mniSvnelovani garda-texa moaxdina, rac Semdeg kidev ufro gaaZliera gamsa-xurdias xelisuflebam. mosaxleobaSi mentaluri re-volucia moxda da qarTvelma Tavis cnobierebaSi dau-Sva, rom SeiZleba damoukidebeli saxelmwifos moqala-qe iyos, rac 9 aprilis msxverplis fasad dagvijda. es cvlileba rom ar momxdariyo, sabWoTa periodSi xmaTa umravlesobiT ̀ mrgvali magida~ xelisuflebaSi ver mo-vidoda. am arCevaniT, umokles periodSi, sazogadoeba TiTqmis 180 gradusiT Semotrialda damoukideblobis mopovebis nebisken, rac absoluturad ewinaaRmdegebo-da im Teziss, rom qarTvels uruseTod arseboba TiT-qosda ar SeeZlo.

Semdegi gardatexa, bevrad lokaluri masStabisa, Tbilisis mosaxleobis protesti iyo im avtoritariz-mis winaaRmdeg, rasac ukve xelisuflebaSi mosul zviad gamsaxurdias uCiodnen. Tvlidnen, rom igi Jurnali-stebTan da opoziciasTan urTierTobaSi Zalauflebas aWarbebda. maSin daWerili iyo ramdenime Jurnalisti da opozicioneri. garda amisa, sazogadoeba ukmayofilo iyo ruseTTan urTierTobaSi gamsaxurdias kompromi-sulobis gamo. gaxsovT, albaT, gekaCepe-s istoria, ro-desac gamsaxurdiam daTmo poziciebi, razec imdroin-deli politikuri elita sayvedurobda. aman gamoiwvia iseTi dapirispireba, rac samoqalaqo omiT damTavrda. samoqalaqo omis Sedegad mosulma triumviratma (Ten-giz kitovani, Tengiz sigua, jaba ioseliani) gavlena iqo-nia qarTvelis mentalitetis cvlilebaze, ukve gaCnda mZlavri protesti Zaladobisa, SeiaraRebuli adamian-ebis quCaSi gamovardnisa da yaCaRobis winaaRmdeg. anu, sazogadoebisTvis dauSvebeli iyo qveyana aseT qaosSi yofiliyo. swored, qaosis dauSveblobis mentalitet-ma moiyvana SevardnaZe, xolo vin Camoiyvana igi ruse-Tidan, amas arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar aqvs. arCevnebSi SevardnaZem xmaTa 90% miiRo im motiviTa da imediT, rom iqneb man, rogorc farTo sagareo kavSirebis mqone politikosma, qveyana am qaosidan da msoflio izola-ciidan gamoiyvanoso. SevardnaZem moaxerxa stabiliza-cia, qveynis saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi CarTva da a.S., rac mosaxleobam dadebiTad miiRo, magram Semdeg wlebSi mentalitetSi gaCnda axali Tema _ korufciis, stagnaciis, ucvlelobis miuRebloba. am yvelaferma mentalitetSi Tavi moiyara saprotesto muxtis saxiT, ramac Semdeg `vardebis revolucias~ Seuwyo xeli. ase rom, rodesac xdeba revoluciebi, isini mentalitetSi iReben dasabams.

_ ramdenad moikida CvenTan fexi qurdulma mental-itetma, romelic popularuli iyo sabWoTa periodSi?

_ farTo gagebiT qurdi, da ara jibis qurdi, pozi-tiuri persona iyo da pativcemul figurad iTvleboda _ amis niSnebi sabWoTa periodSi gamokveTili marTlac iyo, es damokidebuleba inerciiT gagrZelda da Tu ga-vixsenebT jaba ioselians, rogorc romanis personaJs (misi biografia amis safuZvels iZleva), mas SeeZlo be-vri axalgazrda moexibla Tavisi qarizmiTa da qurdis imijiT. jaba ioseliani da misi garemocva ar cdilobda am qarizmis gaqarwylebas, piriqiT, xels uwyobda kidec mis gamyarebas. anu am periodSi qurdulma mentali-tetma ixara. sabWoTa sistemis am mankier gadmonaSTs SevardnaZis xelisufleba ar SebrZolebia, miuxedavad imisa, rom ideologiurad eduard SevardnaZe da jaba ioseliani erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen, qurduli men-talitetis miuReblobam Tavi mxolod `vardebis revo-luciis~ Semdeg iCina.

_ am 20 wlis manZilze, miuxedavad sazogadoebis transformaciisa, ramdenadaa CvenSi dRemde fesv-gadgmuli sabWoTa mentaliteti?

_ sabWoTa mentaliteti gulisxmobs sazogadoebis xelisuflebaze orientacias. sabWoTa moqalaqes yvela problemas saxelmwifo uwyvetda. es damokidebuleba dRemde SemogvrCa. Tu sazogadoeba ver gaiTavisebs, rom yvelaferze pasuxismgebloba xelisuflebas ar unda ahkidos da rom Tavadac unda ibrZolos Tavisi uflebebis dasacavad, sacxovrebeli pirobebis gasaum-jobeseblad, manamde am sabWoTa mentalitets Cvens cnobierebaSi ver aRmovfxvriT.

_ naTqvamia, Wkviani sxvis Secdomebze swavlobso. Cven, am axlo warsulSi daSvebuli sakuTari Sec-domebis gaanalizeba mainc ramdenad movaxerxeT, rac, wesiT, isev da isev mentalur cvlilebebSi unda asaxuliyo.

_ gamsaxurdias periods davubrundebi, oRond ukve sxva WrilSi. maSin moxda sakmaod mniSvnelovani cvli-leba nacionaluri umciresobebis mimarT. qarTuli mentaliteti gadaixara nacionaluri Seurigeblobis mxares da, praqtikulad, sazogadoebis bralia is, rac osebTan da afxazebTan mimarTebaSi moxda. gamsaxur-dias mmarTvelobis dros gaCnda publikaciebi, sadac xazi esmeboda _ vin stumaria da vin maspinZeli saqarT-veloSi? vis ra uflebebi aqvs? amis fonze Tavi iCina sxvisi uflebebis nacionaluri niSniT SezRudvam, rac am periodSi momwifda. es mentaluri cvlileba, rac iqamde qarTvels namdvilad ar hqonda, darCa did xans, praqtikulad afxazeTis omamde. xolo afxazeTis omis wagebam koreqtivi Seitana mentalitetSi _ qarTveleb-ma sxva nacionalobis mosaxleobis mimarT met-naklebi pativiscema iswavles da mixvdnen, rom am mimarTulebiT yiJina qveynisTvis saxifaToa. marTalia, sakmaod Zvi-ri dagvijda es mentaluri cvlileba, magram radgan es moxda, madlobeli mainc unda viyoT.

SevardnaZis periodSi Camoyalibda amgvari tipis mentalitetic _ dasavleTi `Camova~ da giSvelis. da-savleTis, rogorc mxsnelis mimarT mentaliteti dRem-de SemogvrCa. magram, 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg davinaxeT, rom dasavleTi sityviT da fuliT dagexma-reba, magram Sens magivrad ar ibrZolebs. Tanac isic ga-moikveTa, rom bevrad frTxilia ruseTTan mimarTebaSi, vidre sxva qveynebTan. amis gancda, mentalurad, ukve gvaqvs.

`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg mosuli xelisuf-lebis pirobebSic axali mentaluri cvlilebebi xdeba. kerZod, gaCnda eWvi, demokratia marTlac iseTi lama-zi da kargia, rogorc es garedan Canda? aRmoCnda, rom demokratia niSnavs imasac, rom Sen sakuTari probleme-bisTvis Tavad unda ibrZolo da Tu mxolod sxvisi ime-diT apireb, magas sizarmace hqvia.

_ samoqalaqo sazogadoebad Camoyalibebisken mo-qalaqeebs realurad vin unda ubiZgos? Cvens qveyana-Si mxolod sxvadasxva politikuri ambiciebis mqone partiebi aqtiuroben xalxis mobilizebisTvis, rac SeiZleba aseve viwro partiuli interesebisadmi msax-urebiT dasruldes. wlebis manZilze ar gamokveTila raime tipis sazogadoebrivi organizacia, romelic wminda moqalaqeobrivi poziciebis samWedlod iq-ceoda da erTgvar kontrols daawesebda nebismieri politikuri Zalis nabijze, gadawyvetilebaze... ratom aris pasiuri am mxriv Cveni sazogadoeba?

_ samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mentaliteti erT dRe-Si ar daibadeba. SeiZleba Seqmna arasamTavrobo orga-nizacia, daafinanso igi da gyavdes `samoqalaqo sazo-gadoeba“, oRond, es imas ar niSnavs, rom am organiza-ciis wevrebs samoqalaqo mentaliteti aqvT. `vardebis revoluciis~ periodamde, SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis

meore nawilSi aseTi NGO-ebis cvena iyo, oRond samo-qalaqo mentaliteti amiT ar gazrdila. samoqalaqo mentalitetis arsebiTi niSani aris imis Segneba, rom me var moqalaqe, rac imas niSnavs, rom am qveynis avi da kargi me mexeba da monawileoba unda miviRo qveynis mSe-neblobisa da politikuri sistemis gakeTilSobilebis procesSi. feodaluri mentaliteti aris amis sapi-rispiro. radgan qveynis bed-iRbals feodali wyvrtda, adamianebi unda damorCilebodnen mas da danarCeni am qveynisa TiTqosda araferi exebodaT. Tu feodalma ar mouwoda, adamiani gaCerebuli iqneba da xidan TavisiT Camovardnil vaSls didi siamovnebiT SeWams, anu bed-iRbalze iqneba mindobili. Cven swored feodaluri mentalitetis qveyana varT. Cven visac avirCevT pirvel pirad, visac mivakuTvnebT pirvel adgils, gind qveynis masStabiT politikaSi, gind NGO-s masStabiT, Semdeg bolomde imaze varT damokidebuli, Seyvarebulic da a.S. Tqven ginaxavT partia, sadac gadawyvetilebas gun-di iRebs da ara erTi kaci? mere gvikvirs, ratom vir-CevT prezidents 90%-iT. es imitom xdeba, rom rogorc ki simpaTia Cndeba viRacis mimarT, yvela valdebulad Tvlis Tavs, rom visac umravlesoba aZlevs xmas, imas-ve gahyves ukan TviTonac. imaze aRar fiqrdeba, Tavad realurad vin moswons da vin ara. visac emorCilebian, mec imas unda davemorCilo _ aseTia modeli da es fe-odaluri modelia. ase rom, feodaluri mentaliteti rodis Seicvleba samoqalaqoTi, ver getyviT. yvela de-mokratiuli wyoba xalxis brZolam moitana.

_ sazogadoebaSi ilia meores avtoriteti didia, magram verc misi Segonebani cvlis Cvens sazogadoe-bas. maS, ra aris gamosavali?

_ ilia meores avtoriteti didia sadRegrZeloebis doneze... gaixseneT 9 aprilis Rame... patriarqi miting-ze mivida da uTxra xalxs, wamodiT sionSio, magram wayv-nen? erTi faqti mainc miTxariT, roca uwmindess dau-jeres. ilia meore undaT da uyvarT TayvaniscemisTvis, e.i. es isev feodaluri mentalitetia, xolo man Tu xma amoiRo da xalxs raime mosTxova, amis gakeTebis survi-li aRar aqvT. mivlen, xelze eamborebian, magram rasac etyvis da, umeteswilad, patriarqi Wkvianurs ambobs, imis dajereba aRar undaT. ratom? imitom rom patri-arqis naTqvami maT ganzraxvebs ar emTxveva. ganzraxve-bia Sesacvleli, cxovrebis wesia Sesacvleli da mere Seicvleba mentalitetic.

_ ikveTeba Tu ara axali Taobis mentaliteti, romelic qveyanaSi axal realobas Seqmnis?

_ mentaliteti ar aris mxolod codna an survi-lebi. mentaliteti RirebulebaTa sistemasac gulisx-mobs. Cven Camogviyalibda axalgazrda Taoba iseT peri-odSi, rodesac qveyanaSi qaosi iyo da maTi aRzrdisTvis da maTSi Rirebulebebis `CadebisTvis~ vinmes naklebad ecala. Cven axla viwyebT am process. Tumca imasac vity-vi, rom axalgazrdebs siurprizebi axasiaTebT. zogjer isini toveben xolme iseT STabeWdilebas, rom TiTqos araferi ainteresebT, magram roca uceb cxovrebis raRac kuTxe Seicvleba, es dardimandi axalgazrdebi isev da isev Tavad xdebian gmirebi. amis magaliTi iyo afxazeTis omi, romelSic vakeSi nebierad gazrdili bi-Webi sakuTari nebiT wavidnen da didi nawili ukan aRarc dabrunebula. amitom, dro gviCvenebs, Tu ras gamoav-lens axali Taoba...

sazogadoebis mentaluri cvlilebebi damoukidebeli saqarTvelos realobaSi

interviufsiqologramazsayvareliZesTan

Temis respondenti

ramaz sayvareliZe

Tbilisis universiteti

newspaper@tsu.ge www.tsu.gewww.tsu.ge8

damoukideblobidan demokratiamde

mixeil saakaSvili: ,,Cven unda kargad gvesmodes _ saqarTvelos ero-vnuli damoukidebloba ekuTvis ara romelime partias, ara romelime prezidents, ministrs, deputats, is ekuTvnis mTlianad saqarTvelos, saqarTvelos warsuls, awmyosa da momavals.

veraferi CaSlis dRevandeli dRis aRniSvnas, veraferi ver Searyevs Cvens nebas _ vibrZoloT Cveni TavisuflebisTvis, Cveni damoukide-blobisTvis da demokratiisTvis, sityvis TavisuflebisTvis, yvela mo-qalaqis azris gaTvaliswinebisTvis da namdvilad demokratiuli, Ta-visufali konstituciuri saqarTvelos Seuqcevadad aSenebisTvis.

CvenTvis wmindaTawminda Rirebuleba aris sityvis Tavisufleba. yvelafers gavakeTeb, piradad me, imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelos moqa-laqeebs, maT Soris, maT, visac aqvs kanonieri moTxovnebi an ukmayo-fileba, hqondeT saSualeba sakuTari azris gamoxatvis.” (amonari-di 26 maisis aRlumze saqarTvelos prezidentis mier warmoTqmuli sityvidan).

_ Tqveni SemoqmedebiTi jgufi tele-kompania ,,rusTavi 2”-is arxze saqarTve-los uaxlesi istoriis amsaxveli do-kumenturi filmebis Seqmnaze muSaobs. sainteresoa ra wyaroebze da ra informa-ciebze dayrdnobiT iqmneba filmebi, raTa am periodis Sesaxeb obieqturi suraTi daixatos?

_ filmze muSaobis dros, CemTvis, Zi-riTadi wyaro, procesebis TviTmxilveli da masSi uSualo monawileebi, adamianebi arian. filmebis SeqmnisTvis viyeneb im mov-lenebis amsaxvel video arqivs da beWdviT masalasac. jerjerobiT memuaruli lite-ratura 90-ian wlebze Zalian cotaa, mxo-lod TiTo-orola wignia dawerili. erTia jaba ioselianis `sami ganzomileba~ da ki-dev nodar naTaZis mogonebebi, sxva mniSv-nelovani wigni ar maxsendeba. eduard Se-vardnaZis memuarebSi, am mxriv, detalur da saintereso informacias ver vxvdebi. ami-tom, viwerT im adamianebs, romlebic mona-wileobdnen am procesebSi da vcdilobT axlos mivideT obieqturobasTan.

_ maTgan, vinc 90-iani wlebis movle-nebSi iRebda monawileobas, bevri poli-tikaSi wavida. Sefasebebis gakeTebisas, maTi mxridan subieqturobas ra abalan-sebs Tqvens filmebSi?

_ SefasebiT Cven vafasebT, rogorc Jurnalistebi da gvaqvs kidec amis survi-lic, uflebac da moTxovnac. Tumca gvi-keTebia filmebi, romelTa Sefasebebisgan Tavi Segvikavebia.

_ romeli periodia SenTvis, rogorc JurnalistisTvis, saintereso? da arse-bobs Tu ara is movlena, romlis saaSka-raoze gamotanasac moridebixar?

_ Cemi azriT, yvela periodi Tavisebu-rad sainteresoa. CemTvis Zalian mtkivneu-lia afxazeTis omis periodi _ fataluri SecdomebiTa da tragediiT aRsavse Cveni qveynisTvis. soxumis dakargva iyo ,,lakmu-sis qaRaldi”, praqtikulad gayides soxu-mi. afxazeTi iqca politikuri TamaSebis msxverplad, rac CemTvis yvelaze tragiku-lia, Tumca, am procesebis gaSuqeba Jurna-listisTvis metad sainteresoa. Cven gamo-Ziebac ki CavatareT, ratom daeca soxumi _ amaze pirdapiri pasuxi gaveciT filmSi ,,soxumis ukanaskneli dRe”.

davinteresdiT 1995 wlis 29 agvistosa da Semdeg 9 Tebervlis teraqtiT Sevard-naZeze, aseve, `vardebis revoluciiT~, magram, Cemi azriT, es bolo movlena jer kidev ar aris kargad Sefasebuli, radgan amas dro sWirdeba... ,,gaciveba” unda... afxa-zeTis omze ori filmi maqvs gakeTebuli, roca 5-6 wliani intervalis Semdeg meore filmi gavakeTe, ukve sxvanairad davinaxe movlenebi. rac Seexeba cxinvalis oms, jer

ar aris gadaRebuli iseTi filmi, rogoric saWiroa.

_ Tu gigrZvnia, rom raRac Tvalsaz-risiT viRacis azria dasamali? cenzura an TviTcenzura giSlis Tu ara xels obie-qturi suraTis daxatvaSi?

_ ar mqonia SemTxveva, rom vinmes mi-TiTebebi moeca – rogor unda gadameRo filmi. is ki ara, Cemi arxis xelmZRvanelo-ba meubneboda cxinvalis omze gamekeTebi-na filmi, magram ver SevZeli, radgan bevri ram jer ver gadavxarSe. saerTod, adamian-ze yvelaze cudad TviTcenzura moqmedebs. roca cenzuraze saubroben, ufro abuqeben problemas, vidre aris. namdvilad ar aris iseTi zewola televiziebSi, rogorc ambo-ben.

_ damoukideblobidan demokratiam-de... am mxriv ra gza gaviareT am 20 wlis manZilze sityvis Tavisuflebis Tval-sazrisiT?

_ sityvis Tavisuflebis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelom didi naxtomi gaakeTa. pro-blemebi dResac aris, gaaCnia ra periods Seadareb. maxsovs, SevardnaZis mmarTvelo-bis dros guram afsnaZes cixidan televizi-iT pirdapiri CarTva hqonda. aseTi raRac miuRebelia da arc erTi qveyana amas ar gaa-keTebda. warmoidgineT, adamiani, romels-ac teraqtisTvis asamarTleben, pirdapir eTerSi erTveba _ es anomaliaa.

_ magaliTad, roca dRes erT-erTi Jurnalisti mmarTveli partiis warmo-madgenlebs parlamentSi erT kiTxvaze sTxovda pasuxis gacemas – daesaxelebi-naT erTaderTi nakli mainc am xelisuf-lebis, yvela gaurboda pasuxs an mxolod imas ambobda, rom mas nakli ar aqvs. arada erTi nakli mainc nebismier adamians gaaC-nia, risi Tqmac Zalian bunebrivia da ara uxerxuli. sainteresoa, aseTive alterna-tivis winaSe dganan Jurnalistebic, rom-lebic televiziebSi muSaoben? (presas es namdvilad ar exeba, radga masSi, xSirad, eTikis normebis uxeSi darRvevis magali-Tebic gvxvdeba).

_ dRes, sityvis Tavisuflebis Tvalsaz-risiT, Cvens qveyanaSi problemebi marTlac aris, magram es mainc TviTcenzuraa Zalian xSir SemTxvevaSi. televiziam qveyanaSi ori revolucia kinaRam moaxdina. kargia, rom xelisuflebas mediis eSinia. es imas niSnavs, rom angariSs uwevs, radgan icis, rom medias didi Zala aqvs. yvela xelisufleba cdi-lobs, rom media akontrolos, amitom Jur-nalistebma TviTcenzuras unda sZlion...

_ lustraciis problemis winaSe ram-denad damdgarxar, rodesac saarqivo masalebze muSaob da mis filmSi asaxvas cdilob?

_ roca 60-ian wlebSi xruSCovi unda moeklaT da damnaSaveni daiWires, aRmoCn-da, rom vinc SeTqmuleba gaTqva, is adamiani Zalian cnobili iyo qarTuli sazogadoe-bisTvis. am adamianis saxeli da gvari ki ga-vige, magram filmSi ar vambob. es adamiani axali gamosuli yofila cixidan, roca SeT-qmulebi masTan misulan da uTqvamT, xruS-Covi unda movklaTo. am kacs isini mogzavni-li provokatorebi egona, amitom wavida da dawera _ mkvlelobaSi monawileobis miRe-bas mTavazobeno. gamovida CaSveba, rogorc amas sxvebi amboben. ar vici, lustracia amas gulisxmobs Tu ara, magram, zogadad ki vici, rom vinc kagebe-sTan TanamSrom-lobda, maTi siebi unda gamoqveyndes da maT saxelmwifo samsaxurSi unda aekrZaloT muSaoba. Cven ar gvaqvs sruli suraTi, vin iyo maSindeli kagebe-s TanamSromeli, Cemi azriT, sabWoTa periodi Tavidan aris Se-saswavli da Tavidan dasaweri. im periodze arsebul arqivebs Cajdoma da didi muSaoba sWirdeba.

iyo anomalia – aris TviTcenzurainterviu JurnalistTan Toma CageliSvilTan interviu 1 arxis JurnalistYan TaTia paWkoriasTan

_ ramdenad aris xelmisawvdomi is masalebi, rac saqarTvelos istoriis Se-saxeb Tqveni filmebis Seqmnisas realuri suraTis dasaxatad aris saWiro?

_ 90-iani wlebis arqivebi an dakargu-lia an gaxsnili ar aris. xom sul saubaria lustraciis kanonze, magram, etyoba, axla misi gaxsna saWiro ar aris. radgan aman SeiZ-leba didi kataklizmebi gamoiwvios, vin-aidan, TiTqmis yoveli mesame agenti iyo. dRes ar vici, isini Tanamdebobis pirebi arian Tu ara, magram SevardnaZis xelisuf-lebis dros, parlamenti rom Seikriba, erT-erTma uSiSroebis maRalCinosanma Tqva, rom roca gadavxede parlaments, Tavi Cems seifSi megonao.

gamsaxurdia ver flobda teqnolo-giebs, Torem yovelive amis ase xmamaRla Tqma ar SeiZleboda. Tumca misi xelisuf-lebis gadatrialebis dros ra mdgomareo-baSic Caagdes sakuTari qalaqi da qveyana, xom aRmoCnda, rom amas erovnuli gmiri da saqarTvelos moyvaruli ar gaakeTebs. amas marTlac agenti da araadamiani Tu gaake-Tebda. magram maTTan brZola sxva mimarTu-lebiT iyo saWiro da ara ase Riad.

_ warsuli istoria gakveTilad gvad-geba?

_ istoriis gaxsenebas maSin aqvs azri, roca SegiZlia momavali Secdomebisgan Tavi daicva. am 20 wlian periodze muSao-bisas aRmovaCine Zalian bevri Secdoma da erovnuli tragedia, erovnuli mankiereba, rac axasiaTebs qarTvels, kerZod, gautan-loba, sxvisi warmatebis mimarT maniakalu-ri Suri da piradi ambiciebi. mitingze ar wa-val arasodes, radgan aRar mjera maTi, vinc mowodebebiT gamodis. nodar naTaZesTan in-terviuSi, roca mas vkiTxe, batono nodar, nuTu wminda araferi aRar arsebobs meTqi?! ase mipasuxa: ki, rogor ara, is xalxi, vinc mitingebze iyo (andrindel istoriazea saubari), wminda grZnobiT ikribebodnen, magram vinc im xalxis zeviT dgas, imaze ra mogaxsenoTo... imdeni cudi amovida zeda-pirze, rom bevri politikosis danaxvac ar minda...

Cven ar unda SevqmnaT yalbi gmirebis istoria. arada yvela xelisufleba Tavis istorias sakuTari karis JurnalistebiT qmnis, ase iyo yvela epoqaSi... Tqven unda naxoT SevardnaZis periodSi Jurnaliste-bis mier Seqmnili gadacemebi, Tundac samo-qalaqo omis Temaze, an protestiT ganwyo-bili Jurnalistebis televiziis kibeebze dasxdomis Temaze, SeiZleba siciliT gai-gudoT _ es aris sruliad upasuxismgeblo, subieqturi gadacemebi.

_ rogorc Jurnalisti, romelic da-moukidebel saqarTveloSi sityvis Ta-visuflebis damkvidrebis etapebs aSu-qebT, ra Sefasebas miscemT demokratiis xarisxs Cvens qveyanaSi?

_ pirveli etapi sityvis Tavisufle-bisTvis brZola iyo maSin, roca zviad gam-saxurdia demokratiuli lozungebiT mo-vida xelisuflebaSi. misi pirveli refor-matoruli nabiji iyo televiziis reforma _ gadaayena Tavmjdomare, moiyvana Tavisi xalxi, daxura sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebi, rasac seriozuli bataliebi mohyva (Jurnalistebis kibeze dasxdoma). Tavidan es iyo jansaRi protesti am cen-zuris winaaRmdeg, radgan Jurnalistebi Tvlidnen, rom 9 aprilis movlenebi, gamsa-xurdias xelisuflebaSi mosvla maTi damsa-xurebac iyo. im periodis media, miuxedavad komunisturi wnexisa, mainc xom axerxebda raRacebis gatanas da, amdenad, Seuracxyo-filad igrZnes Tavi, rodesac demokrati prezidenti _ mosuli erovnul-politiku-

ri banakidan uceb xuravs sazogadoebriv-politikur gadacemas da TanamSromlebs samsaxuridan uSvebs. aman gamoiwvia es jan-saRi protesti.

minda giTxraT, rom televiziis mimarT yovelTvis iyo momxmarebluri damokide-buleba. aq xan romeli partia Semovarde-boda da xan romeli. televiziaSi muSaoba yovelTvis rTuli iyo nebismier epoqaSi. saerTod, pirveli dartyma modis mediaze.

SevardnaZis periodSi Jurnalistebs daaviwydaT protesti, iyvnen kmayofilni da 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi xma ar amouRiaT _ rogor cemdnen, xvretdnen zviadistebs... es arc ki gauSuqebiaT. SevardnaZis mmarT-velobis mxolod bolo periodSi miviReT erTgvari Tavisufleba da aman revoluciac moaxdina.

_ aqedan gamomdinare, rogor migaCni-aT, qveynis stabiluroba moiTxovs kon-trolis dawesebas mediaze?

_ Jurnalisti, romelic akeTebs poli-tikas, igi unda emsaxuros Tavis saxelmwi-foebriv politikas. roca saxelmwifo sul revoluciur eiforiaSia, unda iyo gawonas-worebuli. saWiroa cenzura, kargi gagebiT, saWiroa TviTregulacia da TviTkontro-li. Jurnalisti ar unda iyos emociuri da egzaltirebuli, ar unda iyos subieqturi, magram Sen qveyanas unda emsaxuro.

_ damoukideblobidan demokratiam-de _ am mxriv ra gza gaviareT?

_ demokratia ar niSnavs lanZRvas, gi-nebas, pirad Seuracxyofas, daukrefavSi gadasvlas, aramed niSnavs jansaR kritikas, argumentirebuls. diplomatiaSi arsebobs termini _ ,,inteleqtualuri ganiaraReba”. argumentiT da poziciiT SegiZlia beWebiT daawvino Seni mowinaaRmdege. roca gamodi-xar da ilanZRebi, e.i. xar susti da araferi SegiZlia. ra Tqma unda, unda iyos samarTa-li, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, marTlm-sajuleba da adamians ar unda hqondes imis gancda, rom saxelmwifo marTavs samarT-lebriv struqturebs da maT saqmianobaSi ereva. roca aris samarTali da adamiane-bisTvis samuSao, qveyana welSi imarTeba. ubralod, Jurnalists eTika avaldebu-lebs, jansaRi kritikuli miniSnebiT weros imaze, rac am samarTlianobis damkvidrebas uSlis xels, eskalacias da sazogadoebis dapirispirebas ki xeli arasodes unda Seu-wyos. vfiqrob, demokratiis gzas mainc vad-gavarT...

moamzadanino kakuliam

`inteleqtualuri ganiaraReba”

Tbilisisuniversiteti

newspaper@tsu.gewww.tsu.ge 9

universitetSi

maia toraZe

_ qalbatono nino, Tqveni azriT, ramdenad realuria studentTa moTx-ovna qarTulenovani saxelmZRvaneloe-biT swavlis Sesaxeb. es mxolod Tbili-sis saxelmwifo universitetis prob-lemaa Tu, zogadad, postsabWoTa qvey-nebis saganmanaTleblo sistemis?

_ studentis saxelmZRvaneloebiT da saswavlo masaliT uzrunvelyofa nebis-mieri universitetisTvis umniSvnelova-nesi amocanaa. am mxriv saqarTveloSi mTe-li qveynis masStabiT arsebobs probleme-bi, radganac universitetebSi bevria iseTi dargi, romlis swavlebis gamoc-dilebac sabWoTa kavSirSi ar arsebobda. Sesabamisad, literaturis naklebobaa.

es, Tavis mxriv, ukavSirdeba droisa da profesionaluri kadrebis problemas.

am mxriv studentebs, universitetis administraciasa da profesor-maswav-leblebs Soris gansxvavebuli mosazre-bebi, ubralod, ar SeiZleba arsebobdes. amitom, siZneleebis miuxedavad, univer-siteti valdebulia studentebi saswav-lo masaliT uzrunvelyos.

es sakiTxi sxva mniSvnelovan pro-blemebTanac ikveTeba – es aris student-Ta kanonieri uflebebis dacva da qarTu-li enis ganviTareba. students ufleba aqvs, isargeblos kanoniT, romlis mixed-viTac saqarTveloSi swavlebis ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTis teritoriaze _ afxazuri. meore mxriv, imis miuxeda-vad, rom saswavlo masalis TargmnasTan dakavSirebiT realuri sirTuleebi ar-sebobs, Tu Cven am sakiTxis mogvareba ar daviwyeT, safrTxe eqmneba qarTuli enis ganviTarebas, radgan ucxoenovani literaturis Targmna enis Tanamedrove terminologiiT gamdidrebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa. Tu es procesi dResve ar daiwyo, ramdenime weliwadSi ukve SeuZlebeli iqneba kvalificiuri Targmna, radganac ena gaRaribdeba.

_ rogorc viciT, studenturi moZraoba `Targmnes~ moTxovnebi uni-versitetis administraciam nawilo-

briv gaiTvaliswina. ra SesTavaza uni-versitetma studentebs am problemis mosagvareblad?

_ Cveni universitetis misiaa, am TvalsazrisiT iyos lideri, radganac is aris universaluri struqtura fun-damentur mecnierebaTa mravalferov-nebis mixedviT. swored aq unda moxdes im ZiriTadi terminologiis SemuSaveba, romelic safuZvlad daedeba qarTuli enis gamravalferovnebas da samecniero TvalsazrisiT gamdidrebas.

am aspeqtiT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis administraciam adekva-turad aRiqva studentTa moTxovna da mxari dauWira mas.

kerZod, Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis administraciam, maT Soris, mec, studentebTan gavmarTeT ramdenime Sexvedra, romelzec SevTavazeT, rom maT problemis gadawyvetis sakuTari xedva da koncefcia warmoedginaT. studenteb-ma Zalian male warmoadgines TavianTi proeqti, romelsac axlda finansuri uzrunvelyofis gaangariSebac _ Tu ra drois ganmavlobaSi da ra danaxarjebi dasWirdeboda universitets am sakiTxis mosagvareblad.

unda vTqva, rom maT mier warmodgenili proeqti angariSgasawevi da saqmiani iyo.

studentebTan saubris dros gairkva, rom isini, ZiriTadad, nabeWd saxelmZR-vaneloebs da leqsikonebs iTxoven. roca vkiTxeT, ratomaa saWiro nabeWdi da ara eleqtronuli leqsikoni, romliTac ad-vilad SeiZleba isargeblon, gvipasuxes, rom internetSi xarisxiani leqsikonebi ar devs. mogexsenebaT, Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitets aqvs Zlieri leqsiko-grafiis centri, romlis xelmZRvanelis, qalbaton Tina margalitaZis mier Seqmni-li leqsikoni erT-erTi saukeTesoa mTel saqarTveloSi. am leqsikonis Sesaxeb ki studentebs informacia ar hqondaT.

mivmarTeT qalbaton Tina margalita-Zes da SevaxvedreT studentebs. Sedegad, qalbatonma Tinam iTava studentebis in-formireba leqsikonisa da misi moxmare-bis wesebis Taobaze, rac realur daxma-

rebas gauwevT maT ucxoenovani litera-turis gacnobisas.

_ studentebi acxadebdnen, rom aqamde maT Tavad uwevdaT ucxoenovani masalebis Targmna, rac, bunebrivia, xarisxiani Targmanisagan Sors iqnebo-da da kidev erT problemas gamokveTda _ esaa samecniero terminologiis gad-moqarTulebis sakiTxi. daisaxa Tu ara programa am kuTxiT?

_ terminebis Targmna, marTlac, se-riozuli da mniSvnelovani sakiTxia. ganmartebebi unda dazustdes da sa-xelmZRvaneloebSi ise unda aisaxos, rom studentisTvis is gasagebi iyos. sxvaTa Soris, rodesac studentTa sainiciati-vo jgufis wevrebi saubrobdnen uxaris-xo Targmanze, pirvel rigSi swored am aspeqts gulisxmobdnen, radganac Targ-mani, romelic students miewodeba, aris sityva-sityviTi, xolo terminebi, ro-melTa gadmotanac Wirs, aseT `saxelmZ-RvaneloebSi~ pirdapir ucxo enazea da-tovebuli. qalbatoni Tina margalitaZe dagvpirda, rom am kuTxiTac iTanamSrom-lebs CvenTan da studentebTan. kerZod, leqsikografiis centri dagvexmareba TargmanebisTvis ganmartebiTi leqsi-konebis darTvaSi, rac problemas nawi-lobriv moagvarebs.

garda amisa, Cven gvqonda konsulta-ciebi profesor-maswavleblebTanac da SevTanxmdiT, rom bevrma maTganma SeiZ-leba ver SeZlos ucxo enidan Targmna, magram siamovnebiT dagvexmareba re-daqtirebaSi. maT ricxvSi mec var. drois deficitis gamo, SesaZloa, Targmna ver SevZlo, magram terminTa dadgenasa da redaqtirebaSi aucileblad miviReb monawileobas.

ase rom, urTierToba studentTa am jgufTan sakmaod produqtiulia. pro-blema, romelic maT daayenes, marTlac aqtualuria da ar SeiZleba amas kon-frontaciis saxe mieces. Cven yvelafers gavakeTebT, rom studentebis es moTxov-na dakmayofildes.

_ studentTa moTxovna isic iyo, rom saswavlo literatura sxvadasxva

adgilze da wignebSi ki ar eZebon, ar-amed leqtorma SeZlos am masalis er-Tad Tavmoyra da `rideris~ saxiT stu-dentebisTvis SeTavazeba. Sexvedrebze am sakiTxze Tu iyo saubari?

_ proeqti, romelic studenteb-ma warmoadgines, swored amas iTvalis-winebda. `rideri~, anu saswavlo masala, romelic yvela students sWirdeba, Tavmoyrili da ganTavsebuli unda iyos universitetis biblioTekebSi. vinaidan socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetze aris 6 mimarTuleba, maT Sei-muSaves TiToeuli mimarTulebiT zogadi `rideri~, anu saswavlo masalis gegma da es proeqti prezentaciaze ganvixileT.

_ anu, eTanxmebiT, rom leqtorma am saxiT miawodos studentebs saswavlo masala?

_ studentebs es proeqti TviTnebu-rad ar gaukeTebiaT. isini daukavSirdnen mimarTulebis xelmZRvanelebs da gaiTva-liswines profesor-maswavlebelTa azri. `rideris~ SeqmnaSi miuRebeli araferia, radgan es iqneba erTgvari savaldebulo minimumi, riTac studenti iswavlis. amas garda, yvela profesors rCeba ufleba, studentebs damatebiT sakiTxav masalad miawodos literatura, romelic SesaZ-loa saswavlo masalaSi ver moxvdes. es problema ar aris, problema Targmanis xarisxia, romelic gansakuTrebiT mniSv-nelovania da swored amis Sesaxeb iyo am Sexvedrebze saubari.

sabolood, unda vTqvaT, rom es iyo pirveladi Sexvedrebi, rasac praqtiku-li nabijebi mohyveba da studentebis saswavlo literaturiT uzrunvelyofis problemac mogvardeba.

P.S. gazeTis redaqcia dainteresda, Tu ra saxelmZRvaneloebiT (qarTule-novani Tu Targmnili) sargebloben stu-dentebi swavlisas. zogierT fakultet-ze es informacia jer kidev damuSavebis procesSia, amitom srul masalas amis Taobaze gazeTis momdevno nomerSi Se-mogTavazebT.

rogor mogvardeba saswavlo literaturiT uzrunvelyofis problema

Tamar dadiani

Tsu-is gamomcemlobis mier dabeWdi-li cnobili ekonomistis, masaCusetsis teqnologiuri institutis profesoris olivie blanSaris wignis _ `makroeko-

nomikis~ (me-5 gamocemis) Targmanis pre-zentacia 4 maiss sastumro Holliday Inn-Si Sedga. saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia rogorc biznesisa da ekonomikis fakul-tetis studentebisTvis, ise makroekono-mikiT dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisTvi-sac. saxelmZRvanelo sxvadasxva Temebs

moicavs, maT Soris punqtebs kapitalda-bandebebis, finansuri da SromiTi baz-ris, umuSevrobis problemebis, infla-ciis Sesaxeb. wignSi asaxuli Teoriuli masala mkiTxvels warmodgenas Seuqmnis msoflioSi mimdinare makroekonomikur procesebze. saxelmZRvanelo mniSvne-lovania ara marto studentebisTvis, aramed makroekonomikiT dainteresebu-li nebismieri adamianisaTvis.

`makroekonomikas mimzidvels xdis is faqti, rom igi msoflioSi momxdar movlenebs hfens naTels _ dasavleT evropaSi evros SemoRebidan dawyebuli,

SeerTebuli Statebis mimdinare angari-Sis didi deficitiTa da CineTis ekono-mikuri zrdiT damTavrebuli. …wigni erT ZiriTad models emyareba, romelic aR-wers wonasworobas sami saxis bazarze: saqonlis, finansur da Sromis bazrebze. saxelmZRvanelos gacnobisas warmodgena SegeqmnebaT ara mxolod warsul makroe-konomikur movlenebze, aramed imazec, romlebic momavalSi ganviTardeba.

wignis ori ZiriTadi siZliere in-tegrirebuli struqtura da masSi maga-

axlad naTargmni Rirebuli saxelmZRvanelo ekonomikaSi

Tsu-is administracia studentebis saerTaSoriso donis saswavlo saxelmZR-vaneloebiT uzrunvelyofas cdilobs.ETsu-is studentebi mainc gamoTqvamen uk-mayofilebas imis gamo, rom saswavlo wignebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ucxoenovania. Tsu-is administracia da akademiuri personali mobilizebulia studentTa pretenziebi axlo momavalSi aRmoifxvras. Tsu rom aqtiurad muSaobs am mimarTulebiT, amas adasturebs is faqtic, rom biznesisa da ekonomikis fakultetis studentebi swav-las amieridan axali naTargmni saxelmZRvaneloTi SeZleben.

me-10 gverdze

wignis Taro

studentTa sainiciativo jgufma `Targmnem~ gadaRo siuJeti, romliTac studentebi Seecadnen eCvenebinaT, Tu ra proble-mas awydebian saswavlo literaturis qarTul enaze ararsebobis gamo. avtorebs SemTxveviT ar dauwyiaT siuJeti amonaweriT saqarTvelos kanonidan `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, sadac ganmartebulia, rom `saqarTvelos teritoriaze swavlebis ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTSi _ afxazuri~. swored qarTul enaze swavlis kanonieri moTxovnis safuZvelze Seiqmna Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studenturi jgufi `Targmne~, romelic studentTa uflebebis sruli dacviT moiTxovs im ucxouri literaturis xarisxian Targmans, romliTac isini sabakalavro programas gadian.

problema, romelic universitetis studentebma dasves, imdenad aqtualuria, rom verc erTi leqtori ver uaryofs mis sa-marTlianobas. mogvwons Tu ara, unda vaRiaroT, rom, marTlac, Znelia erTi leqciis mosamzadeblad ramdenime wignidan amoiRo saswavlo masala (miT ufro, Tu es wignebi biblioTekaSi erTad araa Tavmoyrili da maTi moZebna sxvadasxva adgilze gixdeba). Znelia ucxo enaze iswavlo sagani maSin, roca ena jer arc Tu kargad ici da Tanac kanoni geubneba, rom ufleba gaqvs Sens mSob-liur enaze miiRo ganaTleba.

studentTa am moTxovnas garkveuli gamoxmaureba mohyva rogorc universitetis studentTa da profesor-maswavlebelTa mxridan, aseve presasa da televiziaSi.

am problemis mogvarebis mizniT, gasul kviras studentur sainiciativo jguf `Targmnesa~ da Tsu-is administracias Soris Sedga Sexvedra, romelzec studentebma TavianTi koncefcia waradgines. maTi moTxovna, ZiriTadad, saswavlo literaturis Targmnas da `riderebis~ Tavmoyras Seexeboda. studentTa mosazrebiT, unda Camoyalibdes saswavlo literaturis qarTul enaze mTargmnelTa jgufi, romlis mier gadmoqarTulebuli masalebi redaqtirebisTvis gadaecema profesorebs, sabolood ki gamomcemlobas, ris Semdegac studentebs xelT eqnebaT saswavlo literatura.

ra pozicia aqvs am problemis mogvarebis TvalsazrisiT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets da rogor apirebs igi stu-dentTa moTxovnis dakmayofilebas? am sakiTxebze gvesaubreba Tsu-is xarisxis uzrunvelyofisa da akreditaciis samsaxuris ufrosi nino durgliSvili:

Tbilisis universiteti

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liTebis gamoyenebaa. V da IV gamocemis struqtura msgavsia. siaxle ki is aris, rom igi asaxavs msoflioSi axal makro-ekonomikur movlenebs~, _ vkiTxulobT winasityvaobaSi.

wigni amerikis saelCos mxardaWeriT gamoica da mis Targmnaze Tbilisis sa-xelmwifo universitetis sruli pro-fesori nodar xaduri da asocirebuli profesorebi: malxaz Ciqobava da nazi-ra kakulia muSaobdnen, samecniero re-daqtori gaxlavT Tsu-is sruli profes-ori iuri ananiaSvili.

`saxelmZRvanelo mniSvnelovani da, amave dros, Zalian droulia. gansa-kuTrebuli datvirTva mas ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studentebisT-vis aqvs. studentebi Rirebuli codnis SeZenas ori udidesi ekonomistis menqiu-sa da axla ukve blanSaris fundamenturi naSromis qarTuli Targmanis gacnobiT SeZleben. Cveni mizania, rom studentebi msoflio standartebis doneze movamza-doT ekonomikis principul sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, xolo ekonomikis principe-

bis ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawili swored makroekonomikaa, amitom aRniSnuli sa-xelmZRvanelo mxolod makroekonomikis saxelmZRvanelod ki ar warmogvidgeba, aramed fundamentur sagnadac.

imedi maqvs, rom ucxoeli kolegebis daxmarebiT, kidev sxva maRali xarisxis saxelmZRvaneloebsac mivawodebT Cvens studentebs~, _ ganacxada Tsu-is ekono-mikisa da biznesis fakultetis dekanis mo-valeobis Semsrulebelma elene xarabaZem.

`minda madloba gadavuxado Tsu-is ga-momcemlobas da ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultets saxelmZRvanelos gamoce-misTvis. sasurvelia, rom Cvenma studen-tebma mSobliur enaze Targmnili wigne-biT ixelmZRvanelon, saWiroebisamebr maTTvis xelmisawvdomi iqneba ucxoeno-vani literaturac. Cveni saxsrebiTa Tu kerZo pirebis Semowirulobis daxmare-biT kvlavac gagrZeldeba saxelmZRvane-loebis Targmna da gamocema, rac gark-veul miTqma-moTqmebs da pretenziebs wertils dausvams”, _ ganacxada Tsu-is reqtorma aleqsandre kvitaSvilma.O

olivie blanSarma wignSi SeZlo Teo-riuli Sedegebis realur samyarosTan dakavSireba. faqtebze dayrdnobiT, aR-werilia rogorc SeerTebul StatebSi, aseve mTel msoflioSi mimdinare gansa-kuTrebuli makroekonomikuri movlene-bi da faqtebi.

`blanSari garda Teoretikosisa, kargi praqtikosic aris. is moRvaweob-da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondSi da im bazebisadmi wvdoma, romelic saxelmZRvaneloSi aqvs gamoyenebuli, garantia imisa, rom Cveni studentebi sxvadasxva ekonomikuri procesebis Rrma da safuZvlian codnas miiReben. minda aRvniSno, rom batoni blanSari sakmaod dainteresda Cveni gadawyve-tilebiT da momavalSic aRgviTqva dax-mareba. igi amJamad wignis VI gamocema-ze muSaobs. Segvpirda, rom am gamoce-masac gvaCuqebs da sxva mniSvnelovan gamocemebsac mogvawodebs. aqve minda giTxraT, rom ruseTSi jer mxolod

makroekonomikis me-3 gamocemiT as-wavlian, Cven ki qarTvel studentebs ukve me-5 gamocema SevTavazeT. Cveni Taoba rusul saxelmZRvaneloebze gaizarda, radgan im dros ar iyo saSu-aleba wignebi inglisuridan gveTargm-na, dRes ki am mxriv aSkara upirateso-ba gvaqvs~, _ ganacxada Tsu-is srulma profesorma nodar xadurma.

blanSaris wignis qarTul enaze Targmnas ekonomikis eqsperti da uni-versitetis profesori lado papavac gamoexmaura. man aRniSna, rom maSin, roca studentebi saswavlo literaturis qarTul enaze ar arsebobas aprotest-eben, am wignis Targmna Tsu-is biznesisa da ekonomikis fakultetze gadadgmu-li mniSvnelovani nabijia da kargi iqne-ba, Tu mas sxva fakultetebic mibaZaven. rogorc universitetis profesorebi acxadeben, olivie blanSaris sxva wigne-bis Targmnac igegmeba, amitom ̀ makroeko-nomikis~ avtorTan TanamSromloba moma-valSic gagrZeldeba.

olivie blanSaris kvlevis sfero mraval makroekonomikur problemas moi-cavs, fiskaluri politikis efeqtebiT dawyebuli _ molodinis mniSvnelobiT, fasebis sixistiT, dasavleT evropaSi um-uSevrobiT, aRmosavleT evropaSi trans-formaciiT da Sromis bazris institu-tebiT damTavrebuli. man mTavrobisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciisaTvis ara erTi naSromi Seqmna _ msoflio banki, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi, ekono-mikuri TanamSromlobis da ganviTare-bis organizacia, evrokavSiris komisia, agreTve, evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki.

Oolivie blanSari 2008 wlis 1 se-qtembridan saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mTavari ekonomistia. Pprofe-sors gamoqveynebnuli aqvs 160-ze meti naSromi, aris ara erTi gamocemis re-daqtori da 15-ze meti wignis avtori, romelTa Sorisaa stesli fiSerTan erTad Seqmnili leqciebis kursi ma-kroekonomikaSi.

axlad naTargmni Rirebuli saxelmZRvanelo ekonomikaSi

_ qalbatono rusudan, studen-tebi xSirad Civian, rom dargobrivi saxelmZRvaneloebi uxarisxodaa Targ-mnili. enebis centri ras akeTebs mdgo-mareobis gasaumjobeseblad?

_ mogexsenebaT, rom am etapze ene-bis centrs saxelmZRvaneloebis Targmna ar evaleba. SemiZlia ganvacxado, rom am mimarTulebiT CvenTvis daxmarebisaT-vis arc erT fakultets ar moumarTavs. saxelmZRvanelosa da nebismieri akade-miuri gamocemis Targmans esaWiroeba uflebis mopoveba gamomcemlis an wignis avtorisagan. Tu aseT uflebas moipovebs universiteti, am SemTxvevaSi, nebismier fakultets gavuwevT Sesabamis daxmare-bas. samomavlod Cven vgegmavT mTargm-nelobiTi ganyofilebis gaxsnas, sadac Cveni mxridan dasaqmdebian specialiste-bi, romlebic daxelovnebulebi arian garkveul dargSi, es iqneba ekonomika, samarTali, iurisprudencia, polito-logia, sociologia, fsiqologia da a.S. amasTan, gaviTvaliswinebT, rom TiToeu-li saxelmZRvanelos Targmnis procesSi fakultetebidanac CavrToT speciali-stebi, raTa Tavidan aviciliT termi-nologiuri uzustobebi. kidev erTxel minda gavimeoro, rom mTargmnelobiTi ganyofilebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki saxelmZRvaneloebs Sesabamisi uflebis gareSe ver vTargmniT.

_ vinaidan swavlebis xarisxzec gamoiTqmis pretenziebi studentTa garkveuli jgufis mxridan, sainter-esoa Tqveni azri, Tu ra RonisZiebe-bia gasatarebeli swavlebis procesis gasaumjobeseblad da im studentTa interesebis dasakmayofileblad, rom-lebsac surT swored universitetSi miRebuli codnis safuZvelze moax-

erxon maT ucxoenovani saswavlo lit-eraturiT sargebloba?

_ enebis centrSi swavlebis proce-si, jerjerobiT, Cveul reJimSi mimdi-nareobs. am semestrSi seriozul cvli-lebebs ver ganvaxorcielebT, radgan programebi ukve Sedgenilia. yvela enaSi gvaqvs silabusebi da im programisa da saaTobrivi badis farglebSi vaswavliT, rasac fakultetebi Cvengan iTxoven.

seqtembridan dargobrivi enebis swav-lebas meti yuradReba mieqceva, radgan amas didi mniSvneloba aqvs viwro spe-cialobis studentebisaTvis. seqtembri-dan enebis centris mier saswavlo saxelmZ-Rvaneloebis Secvlac igegmeba. tradici-ulad, saxelmZRvaneloebi 2-3 weliwadSi icvleba, radgan es meTodologiurad gamarTlebulia. meore etapze Cven gvin-da SevqmnaT meToduri bordi, romelic saswavlo process uxelmZRvanelebs. cen-tris debuleba mzadaa dasamtkiceblad. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets Seg-viZlia SevTavazoT mTargmnelobiTi mom-saxurebac _ es Tsu-is administraciis nebazea damokidebuli. aqve unda aRvniSno is garemoebac, rom enebis centrs admini-straciisgan didi mxardaWera aqvs.

cnobisTvis: Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi enebis centri 2005 wels Seiqmna da, rogorc damoukidebeli erT-euli, 2006 wlamde funqcionirebda. 2007 wlidan centri dauqvemdebares Tsu-is humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultets, Tumca, am etapze, igi kvlav damoukide-beli struqturuli erTeuli gaxda, ise-ve, rogorc es evropis wamyvan umaRles saswavleblebSia aprobirebuli. Tsu-is enebis centri bakalavriatisa da magi-straturis studentebs sTavazobs ucxo

enebis mravalferovan kursebs rogorc savaldebulo, ise arCeviTi sagnis saxiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom aq sxva dainteresebul pirebsac SeuZliaT ama Tu im enaSi kompe-tencia aimaRlon. amJamad centri TanamS-romlobs saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv organizaciebTan: britanul sabWosTan, goeTes institutTan da frangul insti-tutTan, aseve aSS-is, germaniis, italiis, TurqeTis, iaponiis saelCoebTan, romel-Tac didi wvlili SeaqvT swavlebis pro-cesis gaumjobesebaSi.

enebis centris xelmZRvanelis rusu-dan doliZis informaciiT, centri uz-runvelyofs enis swavlebas dawyebiTi codnidan profesiul donemde da stu-dentebs sTavazobs rogorc jgufur, ise individualur gakveTilebs. centrs SemuSavebuli aqvs kursebi, romelic iTvaliswinebs dargis specialistTa interesebsac. amJamad enebis centrSi iswavleba evropuli enebi: inglisuri, franguli, germanuli, berZnuli, itali-uri, rusuli, espanuri; kavkasiuri enebi: afxazuri, CeCnuri, adiReuri; klasiku-ri enebi: laTinuri da Zveli berZnuli; aRmosavluri enebi: arabuli, somxuri, sparsuli, ebrauli, Cinuri, iaponuri, Turquli; aseve iswavleba qarTuli enac ucxoeli moqalaqeebisTvis.

martis dasawyisSi im pedagogebma, romlebic centrSi muSaobdnen, atesta-cia gaiares, ris safuZvelzec isini cen-trSi ukve Statiani TanamSromlis sta-tusiT dasaqmdnen. axali wesis Tanaxmad maswavlebeli 4 wlis vadiT irCeva. enebis centris TanamSromlebi aqtiurad zru-naven enis swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobe-sebis meqanizmze.

moamzada SurTxia beroSvilma

rogor pasuxobs Tsu-is enebiscentri studentTa pretenziebs

am bolo dros studentTa garkveuli nawili xSirad acxadebs pretenzias imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ivane javax-iSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetSi TiTqos ucxo enas safuZvlianad ar aswavlian, ris gamoc studentebs Turme ucxo enaze Sedge-nili saxelmZRvaneloebisa da saswavlo masalebis gacnoba uWirT. aRsaniSnavia, rom garda Tsu-is enebis centris Zal-isxmevisa, ucxo enis, gansakuTrebiT ki inglisuri enis swavlisTvis xelSew-yobis araerTi programa da proeqti SesTavaza saxelmwifom axalgazrdebs, romelTac, wesiT, ucxoenovani lit-eraturis gamoyenebis problema aRar unda hqondeT. am sakiTxis aqtualobi-dan gamomdinare, Cven davinteresdiT universitetis enebis centris xelmZR-vanelobis poziciiT, Tu rogor xedaven arsebuli situaciidan gamosavals. gve-saubreba enebis centris ufrosirusudan doliZe.

u n i v e r s i t e t S i

mecxre gverdidan

elene xarabaZe

Tbilisisuniversiteti

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maia toraZe

_ batono aleqsandre, ra aris Tqveni mignebis arsi da riTaa is gamorCeuli im meTodebisgan, rom-liTac Tanamedrove maRalteqnolo-giuri masalebi miiReba?

_ Tanamedrove maRalteqnologi-ur masalebze, rogoricaa zegamtare-bi, Zlieri magnitebi, naxevargamtarebi da yvela is nivTiereba, romelic dRes maRalteqnologiuri masalebis damz-adebisTvis gamoiyeneba, moTxovnileba TandaTan izrdeba. amitom nebismieri siaxle da migneba am mimarTulebiT mecnierTa interesis sagania.

ra aris Cveni proeqtis arsi?maRalteqnologiuri masalebis

dasamzadeblad saWiro nivTierebe-bis sinTezi amJamad e.w. myari sxeulis reaqciis meTodiT xdeba. am meTodis mixedviT sxvadasxva qimiuri kompo-nentebi (fxvnilebis saxiT) sasurveli proporciiT ereva erTmaneTs da maRal temperaturaze (daaxloebiT 1000-dan 1200 gradusamde) cxveba. aRniSnuli me-TodiT masalis saboloo saxiT miRebas, daaxloebiT, erTi kvira sWirdeba. anu es aris procesi, romelic did dros da energias moiTxovs. Cven dagvebada idea, gagverkvia, xom ar SeiZleboda myari sx-eulebis miRebis procesis daCqareba da radganac naxevargamtarebis fizikaSi Zlieri naTurebis gamosxivebis efe-qtebis Seswavlis garkveuli gamocdi-leba gvqonda, gadavwyviteT, gvecada nivTierebebis miReba am meTodiT.

Tavidan es TiTqos ucnauri idea iyo, magram gvqonda garkveuli mosaz-rebebi, Tu ratom SeeZlo am meTods emuSava. amitom daviwyeT ideis ganxor-cieleba universitetis bazaze arse-buli danadgarebis meSveobiT. aviReT saTanado masala (nimuSi) da mZlavri naTurebiT davasxiveT igi. aRmoCn-da, rom sakmarisia sinaTlis mZlavri impulsiT 20-wamiani dasxiveba, raTa miviRoT ukve mza nivTiereba, romlis miRebasac aqamde arsebuli meTodiT erTi kvira sWirdeboda.

es aris Cveni migneba. maRalteqno-logiuri nivTierebebi msoflioSi am meTodiT jer aravis daumzadebia da amis Sesaxeb arc arsad dawerila. Cven ukve gavamzadeT statia da gavgzavneT saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis samecniero JurnalSi `moam-be~. gvinda, jer aq gamJRavndes ideis Sesaxeb, radgan es rom saerTaSoriso JurnalSi gamovaqveynoT, wamSi SeuZ-lia viRacas dagvaswros da Cveni idea Cvenze adre ganaxorcielos. Cven gvin-da jer procesi kargad SeviswavloT da movZebnoT optimaluri reJimebi, romelzec Semdeg mza teqnologiuri procesi aigeba. rodesac mxolod idea arsebobs da mas ar mohyveba teqnolo-giuri dadastureba, nebismier Cven-ze ukeT SeiaraRebul laboratorias SeuZlia dagvaswros da idea ganaxor-cielos. amitom Cvens ideas jer mxo-lod saqarTveloSi vafiqsirebT.

_ rogorc aRniSneT, Tqven mier mignebuli teqnologiuri meTodi, aqamde arsebulTan SedarebiT, Zalze iafia, magram rac unda ekonomiuri iyos ideis ganxorcielebis procesi, garkveul dafinansebas mainc moiTx-ovs. Tqvens proeqts vin afinansebs?

_ pirveli cdebi gakeTda Cveni sa-mecniero muSaobis farglebSi, magram dReisaTvis proeqti ukve wardgenilia rusTavelis samecniero fondSi da pa-suxs velodebiT. Tumca Cven ukve davi-wyeT seriozuli, detaluri muSaoba am mignebaze da miuxedavad imisa, daafi-nansebs Tu ara am proeqts samecniero fondi, mainc vapirebT masze muSaobis gagrZelebas, radgan pirveli Sedegebi Zalze efeqturia.

proeqtze muSaobs Tsu-is zust da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa fa-kultetis kondensirebuli garemos fizikis laboratoriis mecnierTa jgufi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi, Cems garda, arian dimitri daraselia (la-boratoriis gamge), zurab jibuti da daviT jafariZe. aseve, CarTulni arian studentebic, romelTagan es sakiTxi erT-erTis samagistro sadiplomo naS-romis Temacaa.

_ Tuki arsebobs idea, romelic komerciul datvirTvas atarebs, unda iyos is biznes-sfero, visTvisac es idea komerciulad sainteresoa. Tqveni samecniero proeqtis warmate-biT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, vis daainteresebs es migneba, visTvisaa igi gankuTvnili?

_ es rom avxsna, cota Soridan da-viwyeb da vityvi, rom zegamtarebis pa-rametrebi ganuwyvetliv umjobesdeba. arsebobs Cveulebrivi zegamtarebi, romelsac klasikur zegamtarebs uwo-deben. 1986 wlidan ki daiwyo maRaltem-peraturuli zegamtarebis aRmoCena, romelic, sxvaTa Soris, Cemma maswav-lebelma, Sveicarielma profesorma aleqs miulerma aRmoaCina da amisTvis mas nobelis premia mieniWa. dReisaTvis am teqnologiis Rirebuleba oc mili-ard dolarad aris Sefasebuli.

zegamtari aris nivTiereba, ro-melsac SeuZlia Zalian didi denis gatareba. Cveulebriv mavTuls aqvs

garkveuli zRvari, anu winaRoba, Tu ra sididis deni SeuZlia gaataros. am zRvars zemoT is gadaxurdeba da dad-neba. zegamtari ki iseTi nivTierebaa, romelsac winaRoba saerTod ar gaaC-nia. mas SeuZlia gaataros nebismieri sididis eleqtroenergia ise, rom arc ki gaTbes. mas aqvs aseve sxva dadebiTi Tvisebebic: rodesac eleqtrosadgu-ridan eleqtroenergia Cvenamde modis, is gaivlis didi raodenobiT sadenebs da manZils, ris gamoc eleqtroenergia ikargeba. zegamtarebi ki am danakarge-bis Tavidan acilebis saSualebas iZle-va.

aseve SeiZleba magaliTad moviyva-noT didi qalaqebis eleqtroenergi-iT uzrunvelyofis perspeqtivac _ msoflios did qalaqebSi karga xania gaCnda problema: radganac eleqtro-energiis moxmareba yovelwliurad izrdeba, saWiroa misi qselSi gana-wileba, rasac aqamde arsebuli ele-qtrosadenebi veRar uZlebs. amitom amerikasa da iaponiaSi ukve daiwyes mavTulebis zegamtarebiT Canacvle-bis cdebi. marTalia, es sakiTxi jer gamocdis etapzea, magram yvela xvde-ba, rom zegamtaroba aris teqnologia, romelsac Zalian didi perspeqtiva aqvs. uaxloesi 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi qselebis problema mwvaved dadgeba da zegamtarebic aqtualuri gaxdeba.

Zalian mniSvnelovania zegamtare-bis gamoyeneba samedicino dargSic. yvelas gaugia magnitur rezonansuli tomografiis Sesaxeb. am aparatebSi swored zegamtarebi gamoiyeneba, rad-gan mas Zlieri magnituri veli sWirde-ba da misi Seqmna zegamtarebis gareSe saerTod SeuZlebeli iqneboda. xval, bunebrivia, ufro meti moTxovna iqne-ba masze, radgan magnitur rezonansu-li tomografiis ganviTarebis gareSe Tanamedrove medicina warmoudgene-lia.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT isic, rom

maRalteqnologiuri masalebi ga-moiyeneba aseve magnitebSi, romelic Tanamedrove warmoebaSi Seucvleli komponentia. magaliTad rom aviRoT manqanebis warmoeba, vnaxavT, rom mis sxvadasxva detalSi ramdenime aTasi magnitia ganlagebuli. amocana ase-Tia: magniti unda iyos msubuqi da unda gaaCndes Zlieri magnituri veli. ar-sebobs misi damzadebis tradiciuli teqnologia, rac Zvirad Rirebuli qimiuri komponentis _ iSviaTmiwa-elementebis damatebas moiTxovs. am elementebis udidesi raodenoba Ci-neTSi moipoveba da misi fasi bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi Zalian gaizarda,

radganac CineTi mixvda, rom es ele-mentebi yvelas sWirdeba. aman gamoiw-via Tavad magnitebis gaZvirebac. axla yvela eZebs gzas, rom es produqcia rogorme gaaiafos. meTodi, romelsac Cven vamuSavebT, am mimarTulebiTac sainteresoa, radganac aris ideebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba magnitebis damzade-ba iSviaTmiwaelementebis gareSe. Cven vfiqrobT, rom fotonuri dasxivebis meTodi am mxrivac saintereso iqneba.

_ rodesac mecnierebis komer-cializaciazea saubari, unda gam-ovyoT, rom SesaZlebelia gaiyidos ideac da misi ganxorcielebis te-qnologiac. bunebrivia, Tu Tqveni samecniero idea saTanado Sedegebs mogcemT, dainteresebuli iqnebiT misi Semsyidvelic moiZebnos. rogor fiqrobT, savaraudod, romeli sfe-ro SeiZleba dainteresdes am te-qnologiiT?

_ rogorc Tqven brZaneT, erTi gza aris swored ideis dapatenteba, magram es ar niSnavs avtomaturad fulis Se-mosvlas. es idea viRacam unda iyidos da gamoiyenos. meore aris ukve mza te-qnologia, romliTac investori unda dainteresdes da misi warmoeba daiwy-os.

mecnieris amocana ar aris fulis `keTeba~. misi amocanaa, daamuSaos te-qnologia da SesTavazos is investors, an daainteresos saxelmwifo. is, rom Cven jer idea davamuSaoT, mere ki misi teqnologia, gavakeToT warmoeba, Se-vqmnaT produqcia, vipovoT investori an myidveli da gavyidoT igi, warmoud-genelia. es, praqtikulad, mecniereba-ze uaris Tqmas niSnavs. amiT Sesabamisi struqturebi unda iyvnen dainterese-bulni. Cven gavakeTebT Cvens saqmes, misi SefuTva, dainteresebuli orga-nizaciebisTvis miwodeba da Semdgomi realizacia ukve sxva struqturebis movaleoba unda iyos.

_ da mainc, Tqveni azriT, rome-lia is `sxva struqturebi~, romelic Tqveni proeqtiT unda dainteres-des?

_ arsebobs kompaniebi, romlebic am masalebis dasamzadeblad tradi-ciul teqnologiebs iyeneben. ra Tqma unda, isini dainteresdebian ideiT, romelic realurad muSaobs da teqno-logiiT, romelic gacilebiT swrafi da iafia. kompaniebi, romlebic amzade-ben da yidian maRalteqnologiur ma-salebs, arian germaniaSi, amerikaSi da sxva ganviTarebul qveynebSi. rac Se-exeba kerZo investors saqarTveloSi, igi, samwuxarod, jer-jerobiT samec-niero proeqtebze naklebad fiqrobs, radgan gacilebiT advilia iyido Saqa-ri ukrainaSi da gayido saqarTveloSi, vidre iseT grZelvadian saqmeSi Cado Tanxa, rogoric mecnierebis komercia-lizaciaa.

me mainc mgonia, rom aseTi teqno-logiebis gayidvis yvelaze kargi gzaa _ saqarTveloSi Semovides romelime msoflioSi cnobili kompania da aq dai-wyos iseTi teqnikis warmoeba, romels-ac zegamtarebi da sxva Tanamedrove maRalteqnologiuri masalebi sWirde-ba. magaliTad, bolo periodSi irlan-diaSi nouTbuqebis warmoeba daiwyes da aman sxvadasxva moTxovnileba gaa-Cina, maT Soris, maRalteqnologiur masalebze, programul uzrunvelyo-faze da a.S. aseTi ram realuricaa da perspeqtiulic.

vimeoreb, mecnierebis amocana aris axali ideebisa da teqnologiebis Seqm-na da ara misi warmoeba-gayidva. rogor gamoiyeneben axal mignebebs qveyanaSi, es ukve saxelmwifosa da sazogadoe-bazea damokidebuli.

maRalteqnologiuri masalebisdamzadeba swrafad da iafad

idea, romelic teqnologiuri procesis gaumjobesebas an axali teqnologiis SemuSavebas Seexeba, SesaZloa gaCndes nebismier qveyanaSi, sadac mecnierebis gan-viTarebisTvis saTanado pirobebia Seqmnili. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis gadaw-yvetileba _ meti yuradReba daeTmos zusti da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis ganviTarebas, mimarTulia swored iqiTken, rom qarTvel mecnierTa ideebma praqti-kuli ganxorcieleba hpovos.

im samecniero proeqtebs Soris, romelic Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi muSavdeba, interess iwvevs axali samecniero migneba, romelic maRalteqnologiuri masalebis efeqtur da swraf damuSavebas Seexeba. proeqti, `fotostimulirebuli myarsxeulovani reaqciis damuSaveba da misi gamoyeneba maRalteqnologiuri ma-salebis damzadebisaTvis~ gulisxmobs zegamtarebis, Zlieri magnitebis, naxevar-gamtarebisa da sxva maRalteqnologiuri masalebis miRebis teqnologiuri pro-cesis daxvewas. proeqtis Tanamonawile mecnierebi ukve darwmunebulni arian, rom idea realuria da saTanado damuSavebis Semdeg igi warmatebiT ganxorcieldeba.

proeqtis arssa da misi ganxorcielebis mosalodnel Sedegebze proeqtis xelmZ-Rvaneli, Tsu-is zust da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesori aleqsandre Sengelaia gvesaubra.

u n i v e r s i t e t S i

Tbilisis universiteti

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universitetSi

SurTxia beroSvili

`Tamamad SemiZlia vTqva, rom cxovrebaSi gamimarTla, radgan SoTa mesxias SviliSvili var da im adamianebis garemoSi momiwia cxovrebam, romlebmac gamiZ-lieres saqarTvelos istori-is siyvaruli da pativiscema babuas mimarT. universitetSi swavlis periodSi Cemi pedago-gebi iyvnen babuas megobrebi da kolegebi: mariam lorTqi-faniZe, oTar jafariZe, nodar asaTiani. samwuxarod, babua ar maxsovs, radgan patara viyavi, rodesac igi gardaicvala, ma-gram bebia xSirad miyveboda mis Sesaxeb da Semaxsenebda xolme, rogori pirovnebis SviliSvili var. Cemi winaprebi axla, albaT, Zalian bednierebi iqnebodnen, radgan universitetis reqto-ris sapatio tvirTs vatareb. SoTa mesxia damsaxurebuli mec-nieria, romlis Sromebic qar-Tuli istoriis SeswavlisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania. xanmok-le moRvaweobis manZilze man SeZlo Seeqmna safuZvliani da siRrmiseuli fundamenti qar-Tuli istoriisTvis. gvsurs, axalma Taobamac icodes misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, rasac ms-gavsi RonisZiebebi emsaxureba~, _ ganacxada Tsu-is reqtorma aleqsandre kvitaSvilma SoTa mesxias 95 wlisTavisadmi miZRv-nil sazeimo sxdomaze.

SoTa mesxia im dRes bevrma adamianma gaixsena. sazeimo sx-doma humanitarul mecniereba-Ta fakultetis dekanma darejan TvalTvaZem gaxsna, romelmac mowveul stumrebs mimarTa: `sabednierod, Cvens gverdiT dResac arian misi kolegebi, me-gobrebi, romlebic SoTa mesxia-sTan erTad aTeuli wlebis man-Zilze iRvwodnen Tbilisis sa-xelmwifo universitetSi da sa-qarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebs ikvlevdnen. imedi gvaqvs, rom aseTi Sexvedrebis dros ufro met informacias mivawvdiT mo-maval Taobas Cvens sasiqadulo mamuliSvilze, pativs mivagebT didi mecnieris xsovnas, gavixse-nebT, SevafasebT da davafasebT mis Rvawls~.

darejan TvalTvaZem iubi-les organizebisTvis madloba gadauxada Tsu-is humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis sa-qarTvelos istoriis insti-tuts, xelnawerTa erovnul cen-trs da yvela im adamians, vinc saiubileo mzadebaSi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli.

SoTa mesxias cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis mniSvnelovan eta-pebze vrclad isaubra akademi-kosma mariam lorTqifaniZem.

`SoTa mesxia 1916 wels daiba-da. igi samecniero asparezze 1937 wels, universitetis isto-riis fakultetis damTavrebis Semdeg gamovida. is gaxldaT si-mon janaSias sayvareli studen-ti da aspiranti. rodesac omi daiwyo, SoTa mesxia frontze gaiwvies da droebiT CamoSor-

da samecniero saqmianobas. 1942 wels igi daiWra da saqarTve-loSi dabrunda. amave wels man sakandidato disertacia daicva Temaze _ `xelosnoba Zvel sa-qarTveloSi~ (V-XII saukune).A1945 wels igi airCies docentad, 1956 wels ki, niko berZeniSvilis wardginebiT, universitetis samecniero sabWom SoTa mesxia airCia saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamged, im kaTedrisa, romelsac misi didi maswavleb-lebi: ivane javaxiSvili, simon janaSia, niko berZeniSvili xe-lmZRvanelobdnen. 1957 wels mas mianiWes saqarTvelos re-spublikis damsaxurebuli mec-nieris wodeba. 1967 wels SoTa mesxia saqarTvelos mecniereba-Ta akademiis wevr-koresponden-tad airCies.

SoTa mesxias mecnieruli memkvidreobis ZiriTadi Tema-tika Sua saukuneebis saqarTve-los socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri istoriis saiTxebi iyo. igi jer kidev omSi wasvlam-de, Teimuraz bagrationis pi-rovnebaze da mis moRvaweobaze muSaobda. omidan dabrunebul-ma, 1942 wels gamosca `Teimuraz bagrationis iveriis istoria~.

1951 wels igi moskovSi, sa-kavSiro mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriis institutSi doqto-rantad miavlines. ori wlis gan-mavlobaSi mis muSaobas cnobi-li rusi istorikosi tixomiro-vi xelmZRvanelobda. 1955 wels daicva doqtoris xarisxi da dawera erT-erTi kardinaluri naSromi: `qalaqebi da saqalaqo wyobileba feodalur saqarT-veloSi~. naSromi, rogorc erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi mono-grafia, rusuladac gamoica. es aris gamokvleva qarTuli qala-qebis Sesaxeb, sadac mecnieri aviTarebs im Tvalsazriss, rom XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi Tbilis-Si Seiqmna qalaqis mcxovrebTa zeda fena, romelsac `moqala-qe~ ewodeboda. SoTa mesxia Ta-vidanve gatacebuli iyo Tbili-sis istoriiT, romlis Sesaxeb mas ramdenime statia aqvs ga-moqveynebuli, 1952 wels daviT gvritiSvilTan erTad gamosca naSromi: `Tbilisis istoria uZvelesi droidan saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebamde~, rom-lis meore, gafarToebuli va-rianti 1965 wels gamoica, mamia dumbaZisa da akaki surgulaZis TanaavtorobiT. am gamocemas daemata Tbilisis istoria sab-WoTa xelisuflebamde. wignSi ZiriTadi Tavebis avtori SoTa mesxia gaxlavT.

mniSvnelovania misi naSromi `qsnis erisTavTa matiane~, rom-lis masalebi man leningradis aRmosavleTmcodneobis insti-tutSi moipova da daamuSava.

SoTa mesxias gansakuTrebiT daviT aRmaSeneblis epoqa uy-varda. Tavis erT-erT gamokvle-vas, Tavdapirvelad, `didgoris brZola~ uwoda. am naSromSi igi daviTis mier didgoris brZo-lis win gatarebul samxedro

reformas ganixilavs. 1972 wels ukve gafarToebuli da redaqti-rebuli es naSromi, `Zlevai sak-virvelis~ saxelwodebiT xelax-la gamoica da misi saTayvanebe-li maswavleblis simon janaSias saxelobis premia mieniWa.

paralelurad, mecnieri aq-tiur sazogadoebriv saqmiano-bas eweoda. igi xSirad kiTxu-lobda leqciebs TbilisSi da sx-vadasxva regionebSi, Tavidanve aqtiurad Caeba qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediis SeqmnaSi, sadac saqarTvelos istoriis seqcias xelmZRvanelobda. igi sicocx-lis bolomde Tavdauzogavad Sromobda, samuSao magidaze mas darCa TiTqmis damTavrebuli naSromi _ `saqarTvelos poli-tikuri istoria da saxelmwi-foebrivi wyoba~ ( XI _XII s).

SoTa mexia yovelTvis aqti-urad monawileobda Cveni qvey-nis cxovrebaSi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac saqme saqarTve-los istoriasa da mis swavlebas Seexeboda. 70-ian wlebSi, ate-statSi saqarTvelos istoriaSi calke niSani ar iwereboda. SoTa mesxias xelSi Cauvarda erevnis erT-erTi skolis moswavlis atestati, sadac somxeTis isto-riaSi niSani ewera. amis Sesaxeb man dawera werili saTauriT, `sacnobelad Tavisao~ da gazeT `literaturul saqarTveloSi~ gamoaqveyna. statias didi ga-moxmaureba mohyva imdroindel qarTul sazogadoebaSi. SoTa mesxiam moipova ufleba, rom sa-qarTvelos istoriis kaTedris wevrebs saqarTvelos masSta-biT SeemowmebinaT saqarTve-los istoriis swavlebis done ara marto qarTul, aramed ru-sul skolebSic. Semdeg dawera daskvna da saTanado organoebSi gagzavna, ramac Tavisi Sedegi gamoiRo _ misi gardacvalebis Semdeg skolebSi saqarTvelos istoriis saaTebi gaizarda da miiRes dadgenileba axali sa-xelmZRvanelos Seqmnis Taoba-ze~, ase qronologiurad aRwera mariam lorTqifaniZem Tavis ga-mosvlaSi SoTa mesxias mier gan-vlili gza.

megobari da kolega akademi-kosma oTar jafariZemac gaix-sena. axalgazrda mecnierebma erTmaneTi ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis institut-Si gaicnes. baton oTars kargad axsovs, rogor ando simon jana-Siam SoTa mesxias leqciebis wa-kiTxva saqarTvelos istoriaSi. man sazogadoebas simon janaSias werili gaacno, sadac igi SoTa mesxias sayuradRebo SeniSvneb-ze saubrobs.

oTar jafariZe 1972 wlis TebervalSi eraySi, arqeolo-giur eqspediciaSi monawileo-bis misaRebad gaemgzavra. wina dRes megobrebma fexiT erTad gaiseirnes istoriis institu-tidan maSindel leninis moed-namde. `bavSvTa samyaroSi Sevi-areT, rom SviliSvilebisTvis saCuqrebi gveyida, SoTam Tavi-si SviliSvilisTvis, sandrosT-

vis, didi orTqmavali SearCia. maxsovs, Zalian uyvarda da bevrs miyveboda masze. maisSi, rodesac erayidan Camovedi, misi gardacvalebis ambavi gavi-ge, rac CemTvis moulodneli da Zalian mtkivneuli iyo. igi mxo-lod sikeTisTvis cxovrobda, bevrs gauwoda daxmarebis xeli da cxovrebis gzis gakvlevaSi daexmara. miuxedavad imisa, rom adreul asakSi gardaicvala, be-vris gakeTeba moaswro~, _ ase gaixsena oTar jafariZem mego-bari.

iubileze SoTa mesxia gaix-senes nodar asaTianma, givi jam-buriam, Tamaz gamyreliZem da sxvebma.

RonisZiebaze dasaswrebad Ca-movida zugdidis SoTa mesxias sa-xelobis universitetis reqtori Teona xoferia, romelmac Tavis gamosvlaSi isaubra, ramdenad dafasebulia mecnieri mSobli-ur samegreloSi. `Cvenma saswav-lebelma 2011 weli `SoTa mesxias wlad~ gamoacxada, romelic mra-vali saintereso RonisZiebiT aRiniSneba. Cveni profesor-mas-wavleblebisa da studentebis saxeliT madloba minda gadavu-xado Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis xelmZRvanelobas CvenTan TanamSromlobisTvis~, _ aRniSna Teona xoferiam.

gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo profesor elguja xinTibi-Zis gamosvla, romelmac sazo-gadoebis yuradReba gaamaxvila gamofenaze warmodgenil `ve-fxistyaosnis~ im gamocemaze, romelic mecniers kirovobadSi samxedro samsaxuris dros Seu-Zenia. 1966 wels, SoTa rusTa-velis kabinetis gaxsnis dRes, SoTa mesxiam wigni kabinets usax-sovra. ufro mniSvnelovania warwera, romelic mas am wignze gaukeTebia _ `vefxistyaosanma~ iara CemTan erTad kirovoba-didan buglenamde (daRestani), matarebliT da fexiT, bugle-nidan yubanamde, mTeli yubani fexiT moviareT, ganuyrelad. Cems mcire CemodanSi mudam iyo adgili misTvis, Sesvenebebis dros mudmivad mesaubreboda igi me da mamxnevebda Tavisi brZ-nuli aforizmebiT. magondeba, rom arc ise Soreul warsulSi TavgamodebiT vswavlobdi mis yovel sityvas da vcdilobdi, am

naSromSi mepova masala saqarT-velosa da misi xalxis gmiru-li istoriis Sesaxeb. yubanidan male isev qerCis srute gadavia-reT da yirimis frontze aRmov-CndiT. rusTavelis es naSromi aqac CemTan erTad iyo da ukve sxva fiqriT moculs, aqac Cam-Zaxoda yurSi: `SiSi ver ixsnis sikvdilsa~. frontma Cemodani sabargo CanTiT Semacvlevina. uadgilobis gamo bevri raRac gadavyare, magram wigni xelux-lebeli iyo, es xom mtkiced mqonda gadawyvetili, mas mxo-lod tyvia momaSorebda Cemi zurgCanTidan da gonebidan. marTlac, im wuTebSic ki, roca germanelebis tyviebi mTeli sisastikiT gvitevdnen, Cemi sabarge CanTa zurgze mqonda akidebuli da masSi mxolod `ve-fxistyaosani~ da CemTvis Zvir-fasi werilebiRa iyo. 14/03/1942 wels, roca germaneli tyviiT mec gamimaspinZlda da marjvena barZaySi damWra, misustebuls yvelaferi zedmetad meCvene-boda, yvelaferi gadavyare, cx-virsaxocebic ki jibidan, magram `vefxistyaosans~ Tavisi adgili eWira. zurgiT, xoxviT gadmo-vitane omis velidan samSvido-boze, sadac ise axlo aRar iyo sikvdili. wignma Tavisi roli Seasrula magiisa da simbolosi. mas ukve frontidan wamosulma sxva movaleoba davakisre. igi Seemata Cems biblioTekas ara marto rogorc `vefxistyaosa-ni~, aramed rogorc momgonebeli yovelive imisa, rac gadagvxda am 7 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc mesaidumle da moZme, gamamxne-vebeli erT dros mZime wuTebSi myofi Tavisi patronisa~.

rogorc elguja xinTibiZem aRniSna, `es TiTqos ubralo amonaweri am Zvirfas wignze, yve-las gaaxsenebs, rom misi mflo-beli mTeli cxovreba `iwvoda~ rusTaveliT da cdilobda mis siRrmeSi Cawvdomas. sxvaTa So-ris, SesaZloa enaTesaveboda kidec SoTas saxeliT, SesaZle-belia gvariTac~.

iubiles farglebSi Tsu-is humanitarul mecnierebaTa fa-kultetis saqarTvelos isto-riis institutis egidiT samec-niero konferenciac gaimarTa, romelic SoTa mesxias dabadebi-dan 95-e wlisTavs mieZRvna.

SoTa mesxia _ `vefxistyaosniT~nasazrdoebi mecnieri

SoTa mesxia erT-erTi maTgania, vinc, saxelovan winamorbedTa msgavsad, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis avtoritetsa da Rirsebas Tavisi moRvaweobiT da cxovrebiT ufrTxildeboda. universitetSi ukve is Taoba swavlobs da aswavlis, romelTa umete-sobas SoTa mesxias mxolod wignebi aqvT wakiTxuli. misi mecnieruli damsaxureba saqarTvelos winaSe fasdaudebelia. Aamitomac, mecnieris dabadebis dRe universitetSi gansakuTrebulad aRin-iSna. 27 aprils, cnobili qarTveli istorikosis da sazogado moRvawis SoTa mesxias dabadebidan 95 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo RonisZiebas misi kolegebi, megobrebi, ojaxis wevrebi, studen-tebi da profesor-maswavleblebi daeswrnen. iubiles farglebSi, Tsu-is V korpusis foieSi gamoifi-na xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi SoTa mesxias piradi arqivis nawili, Sromebi da xelnawerebi.

Tbilisisuniversiteti

newspaper@tsu.gewww.tsu.ge 13

Tamar dadiani

_ sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis peri-odSi daiwyo ekonomikis ukontrolo rRveva. maSin arsebobda central-izebulad dagegmvadi da marTvadi ekonomika. Seuqcevadi procesebi didi gamowvevebis winaSe ayenebda yofil mokavSire respublikebs, rac social-ur-ekonomikuri cxovrebis Zireul transformacias moiTxovda. ra saS-iSroebis winaSe dadga maSin sabWoTa kavSiris mokavSire respublikebis ekonomikuri ganviTareba?

_ sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelo rTul situaciaSi aRmoCnda _ mas ekonomikuri procesebis marTvis da regulirebis gamocdileba ar gaaCn-da. Cveni ekonomika xan moskovidan, xan peterburgidan imarTeboda da agebuli iyo saintereso principiT, kerZod: erTi da igive saqonlis makompleqtebel deta-lebs awarmoebdnen TbilisSi, magadanSi, Sua aziaSi. Sesabamisad, rogorc sxva mo-kavSire respublikebi, ise saqarTvelos ekonomika mibmuli iyo sabWoTa kavSiris ekonomikaze. amdenad, reformirebis pirvel wlebSi Secdomebi ar iyo gamo-ricxuli. qveyana nela, magram mizanmi-marTulad axdenda sabazro institute-bis Camoyalibebas.

roca sabWoTa kavSiri daiSala, aR-moCnda, rom saqarTvelos ar hqonda aranairi instituti, romelsac SeeZlo ekonomikaze zegavlenis moxdena; ar gaaCnda sakuTari fuladi sistema; ar hqonda realuri, damoukidebeli biuje-ti; arc sagadasaxado da sabaJo sistema, anu ar hqonda ekonomikaze zemoqmedebis aranairi berketi. saWiro iyo, komunistu-ri ekonomika sabazro ekonomikad garda-qmniliyo da, paralelurad, am procesSi saxelmwifo damoukidebeli gamxdariyo. amdenad, saqarTvelo mZime situaciaSi aRmoCnda miT ufro, rom qveyana maSin qaosma, kriminogenulma ganukiTxaobam moicva. amas afxazeTisa da samaCablos problemebi daemata. ruseTis mxridan daiwyo energoblokada, satransporto blokada, mokled, mZime da umarTavi si-tuacia Seiqmna.

_ zviad gamsaxurdias xelisuflebam sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis ofi-cialuri doqtrina wamoayena. rogor xe-davda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos pir-veli xelisufleba qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis gzebs?

_ gamsaxurdias dros saqarTvelo-Si garkveuli ekonomikuri reformebi daiwyo, magram misi mcirevadiani prezi-dentobis dros saqarTveloSi situacia Zalian daiZaba.… daiwyo mitingebi, gamosv-lebi, Seiqmna ukontrolo situacia da ekonomikis reformirebisaTvis aravis ecala.

amas daemata hiperinflaciac...……marTalia, saqarTvelo politikurad

damoukidebeli saxelmwifo gaxda, magram mas sakuTari fulis niSani ar hqonda, igi isev mTlianadM ruseTis centraluri ban-kis `keTil nebaze~ iyo damokidebuli. ruseTma ki erT `mSvenier” dRes saqarT-velos fulis niSnebis miwodeba Seuwy-vita. Ee.i. ruseTma gvaiZula, sakuTari fuladi niSani SemogveRo. marTalia, Ta-vidan rusuli rublis adgili sustma da arasrulyofilma fulis niSanma – kupon-ma daikava, magram kuponi Semdgom laris SemoRebis safuZveli gaxda, anu saqarT-velom damoukideblobis erT-erTi um-niSvnelovanesi simbolo miiRo.

_ rodis gadaidga pirveli serio-zuli nabiji ekonomikis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT?

_ zviad gamsaxurdias xelisufle-bis dros moxda sagadasaxado sistemis Canasaxis formireba, qveynis sabiuje-to sistemaze fiqri, Tumca am periodSi monetaruli damoukideblobisken nabi-jebi praqtikulad ar gadadgmula. 1992 wlis ianvarSi droebiTma mTavrobam

mosaxleobis politikuri mxardaWeris mosapoveblad privatizaciis procesi daiwyo. daiwyo miwis reforma da binebis privatizacia. Tumca saqarTvelosaTvis 1992-1993 wlebi Zalian mZime iyo. hiperin-flaciam, daaxloebiT, 17000%-s miaRwia (wels, daaxloebiT, 14%-ia). maSin Cvens qveyanas winaswar dagegmili biujetic ki ar gaaCnda.

1995 wlidan dRemde, ekonomika 128%-iT gaizarda (saSualo wliurma zrdam daaxloebiT 8,5% Seadgina).

rogorc aRvniSneT, maSin saqarTve-los ar hqonda sakuTari fuli, reforme-bis ganxorcieleba ki Zviri siamovnebaa. saqarTvelom ganviTarebis dasavluri, civiluri gza ar airCia. xelisuflebam molaparakeba daiwyo saerTaSoriso sa-valuto fondTan da msoflio bankTan da maTi daxmarebiT mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga.

pirvelad, qveynis istoriaSi, gaCnda ekonomikis regulirebis iseTi mniSvne-lovani institutebi, rogoricaa ero-vnuli valuta, sagadasaxado sistema, antimonopoliuri kanonmdebloba, pa-ralelurad Seiqmna maregulirebeli komisiebi. anu ekonomikuri procesebis marTvis qaosuri sistemidan gadavediT formaluri, civiluri maregulirebeli institutebis Camoyalibebis relsebze.

Seiqmna nebarTvebis sistema, li-beraluri gaxda sagareo vaWroba, mini-mumamde Semcirda regulirebadi fasebis raodenoba. saxelmwifo sxvadasxva for-miT mxolod e.w. `bunebrivi monopolie-bis” fasebs aregulirebda.

2004 wlis dasawyisamde saqarTvelo ayalibebda sabazro ekonomikis iseT in-stitucionalur bazas, romlis msgavsi evropasa an amerikis saxelmwifoebSi iyo. saqarTvelom ikisra valdebulebebi sa-kuTari kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis Sesa-xeb. evropuli modelebidan gadaxveva ki qveynis miswrafebas _ sakuTari Rirseu-li adgili daikavos evropul ojaxSi, se-riozuli safrTxis winaSe ayenebs.

_ saqarTvelos ekonomikam `Sokuri Terapiis” periodic gamoiara. sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlasTan dakavSire-biT ra mniSvnelovani da efeqturi na-bijebi ganxorcielda?

_ 1994 wlidan moxerxda gardate-xis Setana ekonomikaSi, liberaliza-ciis procesis paralelurad moxerxda stabilizaciis miRweva. saqarTvelom gamoacxada, rom iqneboda Ria qveyana, rogorc investorebisaTvis, ise savaWro TvalsazrisiT. swored am dros saqarT-velo gaxda vaWrobis msoflio organi-zaciis wevri, risi politikuri mizne-biT gamoyenebasac dRes vcdilobT. am periodSi Seiqmna sagadasaxado da sabaJo kanonmdebloba. SeCerda ekonomikuri dacema da daiwyo ekonomikis aRmavlo-ba. qveyanaSi wesrigi damyarda, anu nel-nela xelisuflebam qveynis mSenebloba daiwyo. SemoviReT sakuTari fuli, ara droebiTi kuponi, aramed lari. Tuki ma-namde valutis gacvliTi kursi iyo kata-strofuli (1 dolari Rirda 5 milioni kuponi), Semdeg sando fulad-sakredito sistema Camoyalibda.

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos isto-riaSi yvelaze didi ekonomikuri gamar-jveba damoukidebeli fulad-sakre-dito sistemis Camoyalibeba iyo, roca qarTulma larma 1995 wlis oqtomberSi moaxerxa mimoqcevidan gaedevna rubli. inflacia aRar iyo iseTi saSiSi, ro-gorc manamde. gamoikveTa stabilizaciis niSnebi, xolo 1996-1997 wlebSi saqarT-velos ekonomikam zrdis Zalian maRal temps miaRwia, saSualod, 11%-s. am dros iqmneba saqarTveloSi antimonopoliuri samsaxuri, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis si-stema, biujeti ufro gamWvirvale xdeba, xazina iqmneba, sabaJo da sagadasaxado si-stemebi iwyebs funqcionirebas... cxadia, yvelafers Tavisi naklovanebebi hqonda,

magram naTlad gamoCnda qveynis swrafva, rom qarTuli ekonomikuri sistema in-stituciurad evropuli sistemis msgva-si yofiliyo.

am periodSi yvelaze didi ekonomiku-ri Secdoma iyo is, rom qveyana ar ebrZo-da korufcias. yvela is sikeTe, romelic am institutebis Seqmnas unda moetana, xSir SemTxvevaSi korufciis gamo ferx-deboda, ris gamoc qveynis ganviTarebaSi (1998 wlidan-2003 wlamde) uZraobis xana dadga. am periodSi mxolod 2-3% ekonomi-kuri zrdiT mivdiodiT win, rac Cvennairi qveynisTvis Zalian cotaa. praqtikulad moumzadeblebma SemoviReT saqarTvelo-Si damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi, ramac problemebi Seuqmna rogorc mewar-meebs, ise qveynis biujetsac.

didi Secdoma iyo saqarTvelos kli-ringuli operacia TurqmeneTTan gazis sanacvlod. qveyana iRebda gazs, xolo gazis safasuri adgilobrivi produqci-iT unda gaestumrebina. mere aRmoCnda, rom Cveni produqcia iyo uxarisxo da TurqmeneTma uari ganacxada maT miReba-ze. saqarTvelos am mizezis gamo Turq-meneTis, daaxloebiT, naxevari miliardi vali daugrovda. ase rom, gamoucdelo-bis gamo Tu mizanmimarTulad daSvebuli Secdomebi mravlad iyo.

im periodSi miRweuli warmatebebi did wilad ekuTvnoda gambedaobiTa da profesionalizmiT gamorCeul ekono-mistTa gunds, romlis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen batoni lado papava (ekonomikis ministri), nodar javaxiSvili (erovnuli bankis prezidenti) da sxvebi.

daiwyo privatizaciis procesic, ro-melic Tavidan karg principze gaxldaT agebuli. misi amocana iyo qonebas gas-Cenoda mesakuTre. mogexsenebaT, mesa-kuTreebad gardaqmna erT RameSi ar xde-ba. marTalia, maT qoneba auqcionze dabal fasad SeiZines, magram maTSi mesakuTris interesebma sakmaod gvian gaiRviZes, am-denad es procesi rTuli aRmoCnda.

_ rogor gagrZelda qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTareba `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg?

_ uari eTqva sayovelTao korufcias. 2004 wlidan mkveTrad gaizarda qveynis biujetSi Semosavlebi.

`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdgom, eko-nomikis reformirebis axali etapi iwy-eba, romelic TiTqmis mTlianad kaxa ben-duqiZis saxels ukavSirdeba.

saqarTveloSi 2004 wlidan ekonomi-kuri liberalizmi mTavar politikur ideologiad gamocxadda, rac gulisx-mobs, rom qveyana singapuris ekonomiku-ri modelis mixedviT unda ganviTardes. roca damoukideblobas vacxadebdiT, im dRidan Cveni mizani evrokavSirSi gawe-vrianeba iyo. evropelebi gvTxoven, eko-nomikis ganviTarebis evropuli modeli avirCioT da antimonopoliuri kanon-mdebloba avamuSaoT. saqarTvelos xeli-suflebam aiRo valdebuleba, rom Seqm-nas axali antimonopoliuri samsaxuri.

xelisufleba bevr fuls xarjavs in-frastruqturis ganviTarebaSi, magram, samwuxarod, investorTa ricxvma iklo...

_ sainteresoa, ras unda mivaweroT es, roca warmatebiT viTardeba CvenTan turistuli infrastruqtura, xelis-uflebam stabiluri garemos Seqm-nisTvis xisti politikac warmatebiT gaatara (Tu ar CavTvliT konfliqtur zonebs) da igi cdilobs saqarTvelo pa-tara `oazisad” aqcios...

_ saqarTveloSi investiciebis mo-zidvis Seferxeba gamoiwvia 2008 wels ruseTis samxedro agresiam da mis mier samxedro bazebis mSeneblobam afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTSi.

samwuxarod, rusuli samxedro Se-naerTebis yofna saqarTvelos teri-toriaze investorebs afrTxobs. aseve, rusuli embargo da dakarguli bazrebi saqarTvelos ekonomikas sainvesticio mimzidvelobas ukargavs.

samwuxarod, garkveuli obieqturi Tu subieqturi mizezebis gamo, qarTu-li produqciisTvis evropul bazrebze SeRwevadoba dabalia. jerjerobiT ver vaxerxebT srulad gamoviyenoT evrokav-Siris mier dawesebuli preferenciebi. saqarTveloSi susti maregulirebeli institutebi is erT-erTi faqtoria, romlis gamoc evropis bazarze Sesvla

mniSvnelovnad garTulebulia. vidre saqarTvelo ar SeZlebs evro-

pul bazrebze srulfasovnad gasvlas, rogori liberaluric ar unda iyos gare-mo, dabali gadasaxadebi da a.S., sainvesti-cio mimzidveloba mainc dabali iqneba.

kidev erTi, aranakleb mniSvnelova-ni xelSemSleli faqtori _ kerZo sa-kuTrebis uflebebis xelyofaa. vidre saqarTveloSi sakuTrebis ufleba ar iqneba daculi, rTulia seriozul inve-sticiebze saubari.

samwuxarod, miuxedavad garkveuli warmatebebisa, romlebic qveyanas aqvs kanonmdeblobis, licenziebis, nebarT-vebis sferoSi, sxva mxriv arsebuli md-gomareoba damSvidebis safuZvels ar gvaZlevs. xelisuflebam unda izrunos arsebuli instituciuri garemos gaum-jobesebaze. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom mxolod formaluri institutebis (maga-liTad sagadasaxado sistema, kanonmde-bloba) srulyofa im Sedegs ar iZleva, rasac qveyanaSi araformaluri institu-tebis minimizaciiT SeiZleba mivaRwioT.

pirveli da yvelaze mniSvnelovani aris is, rom saqarTvelom ruseTis gare-Se cxovreba iswavla. 2006 wels ruseTma ekonomikuri blokada gamoucxada sa-qarTvelos: akrZala yvelafris eqspor-ti. amiT man saqarTvelos stimuli misca, rom sxvagan daewyo ekonomikuri kavSire-bis Zebna. dReisTvis ruseTis wili mini-mumamdea dasuli. praqtikulad, qveyanam uruseToba gadaitana. anu es marTla didi miRwevaa. meore, ekonomikuri si-stemisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom Cven SevqmeniT institutebi, romlebic eko-nomikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebisa da ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobebs iZleva. saqarTvelos aqvs sakuTari fulad-sa-kredito sistema, sakuTari sabiujeto, sagadasaxado, sabaJo sistema. Cvenma qvey-anam Tavisi ekonomikuri funqcia ipova, saqarTvelo saWiro gaxda msofliosaT-vis. 20 weli cotaa seriozul nabijebze fiqrisTvis, magram seriozuli fiqri ki udaod gvWirdeba.

unda SevecadoT davsvaT zusti dia-gnozi _ ra gvWirs? meore da ufro mniSvnelovani ki is aris, rom saqarTve-los unda hqondes ekonomikuri ganviTa-rebis strategia. Cven ki aseTi dokumenti ar gvaqvs. Cven ar gagvaCnia antikrizisu-li, antiinflaciuri da a.S. strategiebi. erTaderTi rac gvaqvs, aris saSualova-diani dokumenti, romelsac `ZiriTadi mimarTulebebisa da monacemebis doku-menti~ hqvia, sadac mxolod makroekono-mikuri prognozebia ganxiluli.

dRes seriozuli gansjis sagania sa-qarTvelos ekonomikis momavali stru-qtura. didi imedebia damyarebuli tu-rizmze, satranzito gadazidvebze da a.S., rasac mivesalmebi.

me, evropaSi vxedav Cvens adgils da ekonomikac evropuli unda gvqondes, evropuli socialuri dacvis meqanizme-biT, evropuli ganaTlebis sistemiT, mecnierebisadmi evropuli midgomiT da a.S. saqarTvelom Tavisi kuTvnili adgi-li evropaSi unda ipovos.

qarTulma ekonomikam uruseTod`yofna – ar yofnis” kompleqss sZlia

Temis respondenti

nodar xaduri

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Tanmdevi procesebis dros, saqarTvelos damoukide-blobis mopovebis ideiT atacebuli qarTuli mosaxleobis umetesobas yvelaze metad aSinebda is problema, Tu rogor SeZlebda qveyana ruseTisgan damoukide-blad sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis doneze mainc ekonomikis ganviTarebas. dReisTvis ki ruseTis wili minimumamdea dasuli da, praqtikulad, qveyanam uruseToba gad-aitana _ am 20 wlian periodze, mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri procesebis warmarTvis warmoCenis mizniT, Tavis mosazrebebs gviziarebs Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis profesori nodar xaduri.

Tbilisis universiteti

newspaper@tsu.ge www.tsu.gewww.tsu.ge14

_ ra politikuri peripetiebi uZRoda win saqarTvelos damoukide-blobis mopovebas? ra politikurma viTarebam Seuwyo xeli sabWoTa kav-Siris daSlas da ra movlenebi axlda Tan am process?

_ umTavresi faqtori, romelmac sabWoTa kavSiris simtkice gatexa _ ZaldatanebiT damorCilebuli xalxebis antiimperiuli moZraoba da Tavisuf-lebisaTvis maTi brZola gaxldaT. amis garda, mniSvnelovani iyo ekonomikuri faqtori. sabWoTa ekonomika produqciis warmoebiT sagrZnoblad CamorCa dasav-leTs. soflis meurneobaSi warmoebuli produqcia ukve karga xania veRar ak-mayofilebda mosaxleobis moTxovnas. sa-zogadoeba ukve imazec alaparakda, rom mixeil gorbaCovis mier gamocxadebuli socializmis `gakeTilSobilebis~ kursi araefeqturi iyo da, saerTod, sociali-sturi sistema sabazro ekonomikiT unda Secvliliyo. sabWoTa saxelmwifo dasav-leTs CamorCa samxedro mrewvelobaSi da kosmosis aTvisebaSic, magram mTavari mainc dapyrobili xalxebis erovnuli moZraobebis aRmavloba gaxldaT. 1986 wels iakutiaSi sisxlismRvreli Setake-ba moxda iakut da rus studentebs Soris. yazaxeTSi adgilobrivi axalgazrdebi rus Tanatolebs Seetaknen. daiwyo som-xur-azebaijanuli konfliqti, romelic omSi gadaizarda. baltiispireTis sami-ve respublikaSi daiwyo Tanmimdevruli brZola calke gamoyofisTvis. am moZ-raobebs, romelsac win uZRoda mZlavri antirusuli gamosvlebi poloneTSi, un-greTSi, CexoslovakiaSi da, saerTod, aR-mosavleT evropaSi, moskovi veRar akon-trolebda.

_ saqarTvelos damoukideblo-bisTvis brZolas Tavisi etapebi hqon-da. rogor gaviareT es gza?

_ Cveni sazogadoebis garkveuli na-wili dResac im azrzea, rom damoukide-bloba xonCiT mogvarTves, TiTqos gul-xeldakrefilebi visxediT da ubralod, mis mopovebas arsebulma politikurma viTarebam Seuwyo xeli. Cven amisTvis didi xnis ganmavlobaSi vibrZodiT. jer kidev maSin, rodesac pirveli respubli-ka damarcxda da damoukidebloba dav-kargeT, ase advilad ar davnebebulvarT. gavixsenoT 1922 wels svaneTis ajanyeba, romelsac mohyva xevsureTis da kaxeTis ajanyebebi, ar unda dagvaviwydes 1924 wlis agvistos sayovelTao qarTuli aja-nyeba, amis Semdeg ki gavixsenoT 1937 wlis represiebi da 1956 wlis 9 martis cnobi-li movlenebi. am periodSi aTamde arale-galuri organizacia Seiqmna, romelic `saqarTvelos damoukideblobas~ awerda Tavis droSas. am movlenebs sruliad lo-gikurad mohyva 80-ian wlebSi erovnuli moZraobis aRmavloba. ase rom, damou-kidebloba cidan ar Camovardnila, Cven vupirispirdebodiT sabWoTa imperias da rom ara erovnuli moZraoba, romlis erT-erTi frTa gamsaxurdias lidero-biT moqmedebda, SesaZloa, dResac sabWo-Ta kavSirSi vyofiliyaviT.

namdvili gardatexa gamsaxurdias iniciativiT helsinkis kavSiris daarse-bidan daiwyo, roca am TavisTavad mcire-ricxovani organizaciis liderma da mis-ma TanamebrZolebma sazogadoebas magi-

uri sityva `damoukidebloba~ gaaxsenes da intensiurad daiwyes misi propaganda. 1956 wlis movlenebis gavleniT, sazoga-doebis erTi nawili _ axalgazrdoba da inteligencia am lozungisTvis niadag-Semzadebuli iyo.

1985 wels mixeil gorbaCovma e.w. `perestroikis~ kursi gamoacxada. mas egona, rom Tu demokratiis garkveul dozas dauSvebda, amiT imperias Seinar-Cunebda, rac sakmarisi iqneboda `demo-kratiuli socializmis~ asaSeneblad. magram rogorc ki man sadaveebi mouSva da sazogadoebam SedarebiT Tavisuflad amoisunTqa, nel-nela procesebi umar-Tavi gaxda. sxvadasxva respublikebSi demokratiul procesebTan erTad aR-mavlobis gzas daadga erovnul-gamaTa-visuflebeli moZraoba. gansakuTrebiT

am mxriv gamoirCeodnen baltiispireTis respublikebi da saqarTvelo. 1987-1989 wlebSi saqarTveloSi safuZveli Caeyara mravalpartiul sistemas. marTalia, zo-gierTi partia registrirebuli ar iyo, magram isini met-naklebad zegavlenas axdendnen qveynis politikur cxovreba-ze. zviad gamsaxurdiam, merab kostavam da maTma maSindelma Tanamoazreebma sa-qarTveloSi disidentobas saxe ucvales da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis moZrao-bas erovnuli gezi misces, rac rusi sa-marTaldamcvelebisTvis ara marto gau-gebari, aramed miuRebelic gaxldaT.

_ ra poziciebi ekavaT saqarTve-los kompartiis centraluri komi-tetis xelmZRvanelobas da rogor uyurebdnen isini saqarTvelos da-moukideblobis mopovebisTvis brZo-lis ganwyobas, rac erovnuli moZrao-bis liderebs hqondaT?

_ saqarTvelos komunisturma mmarT-velobam sruliad araadekvaturi pozi-

cia daikava 80-iani wlebis mzardi ero-vnuli moZraobis mimarT. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, maT ver gamoimuSaves poli-tikuri midgoma. isini ufro moskovidan wamosuli miTiTebebis Semyure-momlo-dine poziciaSi CarCnen, saocar gaube-daobas amJRavnebdnen: gaurbodnen dia-logs, erovnuli moZraobis liderebTan Sexvedraze uars ambobdnen da duned mi-hyvebodnen movlenebs. Y damoukidebloba maTTvis da maTi partiuli liderisTvis SiSismomgvreli da damangreveli movle-na gaxldaT. cekas pirveli mdivani jum-ber patiaSvili, Tundac am erTi Tvise-biTac, misi winamorbedi pirveli mdivnis antipodi gaxldaT.

_ im periodSi erovnul-gamaTa-visuflebeli moZraobis romeli frTa gamoirCeoda aqtiurobiT? ra mniS-vnelovani nabijebi gadaidga maTi ini-ciativiT?

_ aprilis aqciebi ilia WavWavaZis sazogadoebam wamoiwyo, maTi mTavari mi-zani afxazeTis problemis mogvareba da am mimarTulebiT xelisuflebis stimu-lireba iyo. 6 aprils aqcias SeuerTdnen radikalebi: zviad gamsaxurdia _ hel-sinkis kavSiri, irakli wereTlis erov-nuli damoukideblobis partia da sxvebi. maT wamoayenes saqarTvelos damoukide-blobis lozungi da amiT sruliad Secva-les aqciis masStabic, mizanic da riskis xarisxic. ra Tqma unda, am gadasaxedi-dan SeiZleba visaubroT maTi mxridan zedmet riskzec, magram ar unda dagva-viwydes, rom radikalebs yvela droSi da epoqaSi aqvT politikuri arsebobis da qmedebis ufleba, miT ufro, rom aqciis mravalricxovani monawile iq Zalda-

tanebiT aravis mouyvania _ isini saku-Tarma sindisma, Sinaganma miswrafebam da erovnulma temperamentma miiyvana, rac TavisTavad arc lozungebiT iqmneba da arc erT-or dReSi yalibdeba.

unda iTqvas, rom mainc gamsaxurdia iyo mTavari organizatori 1987-1990 wlebSi gamarTuli TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadi mSvi-dobiani masobrivi aqciisa, maT Soris 1989 wlis aprilis saprotesto aqciisac, rome-lic dasrulda 9 aprils sisxliani darbe-viT, ris Semdegac zviad gamsaxurdia daa-patimres, rogorc aqciis organizatori.

_ ratom ver avicileT Tavidan 9 aprili?

_ pirvel rigSi, didi goniereba da riski xelisuflebas unda gamoeCina. 7-8 aprils mitingze arc erTi xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli ar Casula. swored aseT dros xdeba radikalizaciis gaZliere-ba. komunisturma xelisuflebam Tavisi umoqmedobiT ori Zalis radikalizacia gamoiwvia _ erTi mxriv aqciis meTaure-

bisa da monawileebis, meore mxriv _ ru-seTidan Camosuli damsjeli SeiaraRebu-li qvedanayofebis imJamindeli xelmZR-vanelebis _ rodionovisa da efimovis, radgan maT samoqmedo sivrce dauTmo respublikis partiulma liderma.

_ ramdenadac cnobilia, 1990 weli axali dapirispirebiT aRiniSna. par-tiul-politikuri konkurencia da brZola sabWoTa kavSiris sxva respub-likebSic mimdinareobda, romlebic damoukideblobisTvis ibrZodnen, ma-gram CvenTan am brZolam Seurigebeli dapirispirebis saxe miiRo. ram gamoi-wvia ganxeTqileba erovnuli moZrao-bis Zalebs Soris?

_ 1990 wlis 25 marts daniSnuli iyo saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos ar-Cevnebi. erovnul-radikalebma sabWoTa arCevnebisadmi boikotis kampania wamoi-wyes, maSin roca zomier-liberaluri ba-nakis, rogorc centristebis, ise memar-jvene frTis partiebma arCevnebSi mona-wileobas dauWires mxari. radikalTa ZiriTadi argumenti gaxldaT 25 martis arCevnebis erTpartiuli xasiaTi. ukve am droisaTvis erovnul-radikaluri moZ-raobis gavlena iseTi Zlieri iyo, rom maT SeZles umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebis CaSla. arsebobda moaruli azric, rom TiTqos, moskovSi dawerili scenaris mixedviT, arCevnebi TviT sabWoTa xeli-suflebam CaSala, raTa amiT gza gaexsna erovnuli radikalebis xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosvlisaTvis, rac Sedioda kremlis Sorsmimaval gegmebSi. amgvari versiis mecnieruli dasabuTeba ar arse-bobs. ufro dasabuTebulad gamoiyureba Cvens mier argumentirebuli Tvalsazri-si, rom erovnul-radikalurma moZraobam permanentuli saprotesto aqciebiT iZu-lebuli gaxada respublikis komunistu-ri xelisufleba, gaeuqmebina 25 marts daniSnuli umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebi.

saqarTveloSi 1990 wlis seqtember-oqtombrisTvis ori arCevnebi dainiSna _ erovnuli kongresisa da uzenaesi sab-Wosi, ramac Tavidanve ganapiroba mov-lenebis orxelisuflebianobis logi-kiT ganviTareba. damoukideblobisTvis brZolasTan erTad, qarTul erovnul-politikur realobaSi gaCnda paralelu-ri moZraoba _ brZola xelisuflebisaT-vis. igi aranaklebi simwvaviT warimarTa, vidre erovnuli moZraoba da bevrwilad daCrdila kidec es ukanaskneli.

1990 wlis 25 seqtembers, saqarTvelo-Si erovnuli kongresis arCevnebi Catar-da. miuxedavad amisa, dokumenturi masa-la, eqspertizis analizi da TviTmxilve-luri sazogadoebrivi azri sawinaaRmde-gos adasturebda... erovnuli kongresis arCevnebSi saqarTvelos eleqtoratis

Tavisufleba mxolod bedniereba ar aris, is tvirTia, romlis mopoveba Rirsebis SenarCunebasac niSnavs. warsulis magaliTze unda iTqvas, rom eris Rirsebisa da damoukideblobis SenarCuneba yovelTvis Zviri gvijdeboda.

damoukideblobis mopovebis gzaze saqarTvelom rTuli gzebiT iara. eris cno-bierebas Rrma kvali daamCnia bolo 20 weliwadSi momxdarma movlenebma, rodesac gadafasda sabWoTa periodisTvis damaxasiaTebeli fsevdoRirebulebebi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisa da saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis process umtkivneulod ar Cauvlia. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mZime iyo XX saukunis 80-90-iani wlebi, romelic erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobiT da Semdeg partiuli, politikuri dapirispirebebiT aRiniSna. gasuli saukunis kataklizmebma, romelic damoukideblobis mopovebiT, Semdgom ki saxelmwifo gadatrialebiT damTavrda, qarTveli xalxis Semdgomi istoriuli realoba gansazRvra da dResac gavlenas axdens Cvens yoveldRiurobaze. mZime daRi daaCnia qveyanas `SevardnaZis epoqam~, romelic garkveuli politikuri mzaobis Semdeg `vardebis revoluciiT~ damTavr-da. istorikos dimitri SveliZis azriT, saRi azris damkvidrebas, pirvel rigSi, saistorio mecniereba uwyobs xels da sazogadoebas dualisturi burusidan gamos-vlaSi exmareba, rac arc ise martivia. am periodis Seswavla da adekvaturi Sefaseba saSualebas mogvcems ganisazRvros momdevno periodisa da Tanamedrove saqarT-velos ganviTarebis orientirebi. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis 20 wliani isto-riis mTavar Strixebs CvenTan saubarSi istorikosi dimitri SveliZe gamokveTs.

me-15 gverdze

ase dawerili damoukideblobis20-wliani istoriis mTavari Strixebi

SegviZlia dRevandelobasTanac gavavloT paralelebi _ amJamindeli opo-ziciis liderebi axlac ruseTisgan elian mxardaWeras da iqidan iReben in-

struqciebs, zogierTs ise unda warmarTos movlenebi, rogorc 1990-1991 wlebSi, Tumca imeds vitovebT, rom es ase ar moxdeba.

Temis respondenti

dimitri SveliZe

Tbilisisuniversiteti

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absolutur umravlesobas monawileoba ar miuRia; ar Catarebula saarCevno we-siT gaTvaliswinebuli referendumi, ris gamoc, SemdgomSi formirebuli erovnu-li kongresi faqtiurad warmoadgenda radikaluri moZraobis erT nawilsa da mosaxleobis umciresi nawilis mier ar-Ceul organos. amdenad, es iyo aralegi-timuri, ukanono da TviTmarqvia organo. igi ar gamoxatavda qarTveli erisa da qveynis mosaxleobis nebas. es yvelaferi kongresis wevrebmac da momxreebmac mS-venivrad icodnen.

1990 wlis 28 oqtombers ki Catarda uzenaesi sabWos mravalpartiuli arCev-nebi. masSi gaimarjva `mrgvali magida _ Tavisufali saqarTvelos~ politikur-ma Zalam, romlis lideric zviad gamsa-xurdia iyo. parlamentis umravlesobaSi erovnuli Zalebi movidnen da saqarTve-los saTaveSi erovnuli xelisufleba Caudga. ase rom, saqarTveloSi xaverdo-vani revolucia ganxorcielda, romlis Sedegadac komunisturi erTpartiuli diqtaturis epoqa dasrulda. Tumca, amavdroulad, qveyanaSi funqcionirebda TviTgamocxadebuli erovnuli kongresi. es jer kidev ar niSnavda orxelisufle-bianobas, magram imas mainc niSnavda, rom qveyanaSi sabolood Camoyalibda ori Zi-riTadi konfrontaciuli centri.

_ arsebobs mosazreba, rom zviad gamsaxurdiam iCqara damoukideblobis gamocxadeba, radgan qveyana amisTvis mzad ar iyo...

U_ obieqturobisTvis unda iTqvas, rom gamsaxurdias xelisufleba ar Cqa-robda da ase moumzadeblad damouki-deblobis gamocxadebas ar apirebda. maT Zalian gonivruli programa hqondaT SemuSavebuli, ris mixedviTac, qveyana-Si gardamavali periodi gamocxadda. am drois manZilze unda momzadebuliyo saqarTvelos sruli saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis realuri sa-fuZvlebi. es iyo savsebiT realisturi gadawyvetileba. Tavisufali saqarT-velos axali konstituciis miRebamde qveyanaSi imoqmedebda arsebuli kon-stitucia `saTanado cvlilebebiT da damatebebiT~.. konstituciis 68-e mux-lis mixedviT, saqarTvelos respublika cxaddeboda `suverenuli saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis memkvidre saxelmwifod~. uzenaesi sabWos pirvel-ma sesiam sxva mniSvnelovani kanonebic miiRo: saqarTvelos teritoriaze Se-Cerda ssr kavSiris moqmedeba savalde-bulo samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, rom-lis mixedviTac saqarTveloSi mcxovreb axalgazrdebs sabWoTa kavSiris rigebSi aRar gaiwvevdnen, kanoni saxelmwifos simbolikis Sesaxeb da a. S. axal xelisuf-lebas arc politikuri sifrTxile akl-da. zogierTi politikosis azriT, sab-WoTa imperia TavisTavad daiSleboda da saqarTveloc mSvid garemoSi miiRebda nanatr Tavisuflebas. oponentebi gam-saxurdias brals sdebdnen, rom aCqarda, Tumca samarTlianoba moiTxovs iTqvas, rom gamsaxurdia namdvilad ar apirebda aseTi radikaluri nabijis gadadgmas. gardamavali periodi, daaxloebiT, 2-4 weli unda gagrZelebuliyo, `mrgvalma magidam~ wamoayena saqarTveloSi `ofi-cialuri arasabWouri arCevnebis~ idea, romlis ganxorcielebac sakmaod rea-listuri iyo. arCevnebis Casatareblad saWiro iyo saqarTveloSi Seqmniliyo Sesabamisi politikuri situacia, raTa legitimuri yofiliyo mTavari mizani: _ damoukideblobis gamocxadeba. `kon-cefcia~ miznad isaxavda moqmedebaTa gegmas Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: saqarT-velos unda mieRo Tavisi realuri md-gomareobis Sesabamisi politikuri sta-tusi. mas unda Seecvala socialisturi sabWoTa respublikis saxeli, ris Semdeg saqarTvelo aRar CaiTvleboda sabWoTa kavSiris Semadgenel nawilad da mokavSi-re respublikad. gardamaval periodSi qveyana unda emarTa droebiT mTavrobas. damoukideblobas ki mTavroba sami piro-

bis aRsrulebis Semdeg gamoacxadebda _ rodesac qveynis mTel teritoriaze mTavrobis suvereniteti ganxorcielde-boda da rodesac iuridiulad dadgin-deboda qveynis teritoriis sazRvrebi, pirvel rigSi ki, saqarTvelos mosaxleo-bas Tavisi neba sayovelTao, demokra-tiuli arCevnebis gziT unda gamoexata. arCevnebis Sedegad mosul umaRles xe-lisuflebas saqarTvelos saxelmwi-foebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi unda moemz-adebina, amiT ganisazRvreboda misi mTa-vari daniSnuleba.

`politikuri koncefciis~ saxiT, `mrgvali magidis~ organizaciebma sa-qarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis axali strategia da taqtika SeimuSaves. igi Tanmimdevrulad da etapobrivad warmoadgenda erovnuli moZraobis kon-kretul gzas.

magram procesebi daaCqara moskovis mxridan referendumis Catarebis inicia-tivam. 1991 wlis dasawyisSi moskovSi, mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT, re-ferendumis Catarebis gadawyvetileba miiRes, kiTxva daaxloebiT ase iyo dasmu-li: gsurT Tu ara SevinarCunoT sabWoTa saxelmwifo, Tu daculi iqneba erovnu-li Tavisufleba? am referendumSi mona-wileobis miReba imasac gulisxmobda, rom, faqtobrivad, kvlav sabWoTa kavSi-ri unda gveRiarebina. amitom gamsaxur-dias erovnuli xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda am referendumisTvis anulireba gaekeTebina da Tavisi referendumiT dapirispireboda. 31 marts referendumi erTi kiTxviT _ `gsurT Tu ara saqarT-velos damoukidebloba?~ saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze Catarda. referen-dumis Sedegebis Tanaxmad ki man 9 aprils damoukidebloba gamoacxada.

bunebrivia, rom damoukideblobis gamocxadebam moskovis Ria ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. man SeerTebuli Statebis pre-zidents ufros buSs mosTxova, rom uari eTqva gamsaxurdias sagangebo vizitze amerikaSi. Tavis mxriv, gamsaxurdiam sa-bediswero Secdomebi dauSva amerika-sTan damokidebulebaSi. mis mimarT buSis kritikul gamonaTqvamebs man Ria kriti-kiTve upasuxa da TiTqmis daupirispirda amerikis prezidents. quCaSi gamoCnda an-tiamerikuli transparantebi, samTavro-bo presaSi amerikis imperializmis mamxi-lebeli statiebi. es politikuri sibece gaxldaT.

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom dauSva ruseTma zviad gamsaxurdias aRzeveba da ratom ver gaimarjva gia Wanturias ideebma?

_ ra vqna, piradad me am zRapris ar mjera. aseTi yovlisSemZle rom yofi-liyo gorbaCovi, ruseTi ar dauSvebda valensas mosvlas poloneTSi, ilieskus mosvlas rumineTSi, havelis mosvlas Ce-xoslovakiaSi, Sali beriSas mosvlas al-baneTSi, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT balti-ispireTis respublikebSi da moldoveT-Si moskovis nebis sawinaaRmdegod ganvi-Tarebul movlenebze.

rac Seexeba gia Wanturias ideebs, is ar iyo moskovis kaci. is ufro dasavle-Tis kadri gaxldaT da amitom mis mkv-lelobaSi, TbilisTan erTad, moskovis xeli eria.

_ rogor SeafasebdiT zviad gamsax-urdias mmarTvelobis periods?

_ zviads, rogorc saqarTveloSi ero-vnuli moZraobis yvela gamorCeul piro-vnebas, rTuli cxovreba hqonda. veravin ityvis, verc mteri, verc moyvare, rom zviad gamsaxurdia bednieri kaci iyo. mas Semdeg, rac prezidenti gaxda, erTi Rame mSvidad aRar sZinebia. mZime peri-odSi mouwia mmarTvelobam. igi xelisuf-lebis saTaveSi 1990 wlis 28 oqtombris arCevnebis Sedegad movida, 14 noembers parlamentis Tavmjdomared airCies. mas ara marto jer kidev arsebuli sabWoTa imperia daupirispirda, aramed qveynis SigniT arsebuli sakmaod Zlieri opozi-cia, romelic aseve erovnuli moZraobis meore frTisgan Sedgeboda. es mtkivneu-li iyo ara marto gamsaxurdiasTvis, ara-med mTeli qarTveli xalxisTvis.

damoukideblobis gamocxadeba um-niSvnelovanesi movlena iyo Cveni qveynis istoriaSi. am ideis ukompromiso erTgu-lebaSi saqarTvelos istorias samara-dJamod darCeba misi saxeli. am mxriv Zne-lia mas XX saukunis romelime qarTveli moRvawe SevadaroT. samwuxarod, Sec-domebic bevri iyo, romelTa umravleso-ba drois sirTuliT da Sinauri opozi-ciis mier datrialebuli permanentuli anarqiiTac iyo ganpirobebuli. rogorc Cans, axloblebis gavlenac sakmarisze Zlieri gaxldaT zviad gamsaxurdiaze. man sagareo politikaSi mcdari kursi airCia dasavleTTan damokidebulebaSi. Tumca, yvela am Secdomas obieqturi mi-zezebic SeiZleba movuZebnoT.

dasavleTi da misi samxedro-politi-kuri lideri aSS, 1991 wlis miwurulam-de cnobdnen sabWoTa kavSirs, mis teri-toriul mTlianobas da amdenad, yvela mokavSire respublika ganixileboda im-periis Semadgenel nawilad. am martivi mizezis gamo, dasavleTi TanaugrZnobda mokavSire respublikebSi mimdinare ero-vnul moZraobas, magram oficialurad ar cnobda maT separatistul saxelmwifoe-

briv warmonaqmnebs. politikuri saer-TaSoriso realobis amgvari logikis gamo, 1990 wlis 28 oqtombris Semdgomi saqarTvelos arasabWouri respublika, dasavleTisTvis isev sabWoTa kavSirSi Semavali saqarTvelos rigiTi sabWoTa socialisturi respublika gaxldaT da Tavidanve ganwiruli iyo saerTaSoriso izolaciisTvis, rogorc misgan arcnobi-li saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmni.

am mxriv mdgomareoba ar Secvlila arc 1991 wlis 9 aprilis Semdeg. damouki-deblobis deklarirebis Semdeg, saqarT-velos axali mdgomareoba ar ucvniaT arc dasavleTs, arc msoflios romeli-me saxelmwifos. ase rom, gamsaxurdias xelisufleba arsebuli saerTaSoriso izolaciis bades ver gaarRvevda, sanam msoflio Tanamegobroba sabWoTa kav-Sirs cnobda.

1991 wlis agvistos Sua ricxvebamde, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos e.w. saer-TaSoriso Tanamegobrobis farglebs ga-reT yofna da misi arcnoba _ zviad gam-saxurdias susti an Zlieri, an nebismieri xarisxis sagareo politikis Sedegi ki ar iyo, aramed _ saerTaSoriso urTierTo-bebisa da maSindeli mdgomareobis Sede-gi, anu rogorc heteli ityoda _ obie-qturi realobis nayofi.

miuxedavaT amisa, opozicia sruliad usafuZvlod amtkicebda, rom TiTqos gamsaxurdias xelisufleba rom ara _ dasavleTi cnobda saqarTvelos damou-

kideblobas. 1991 wlis Semodgomis CaTv-liT, arc aSS-s, arc dasavleTs ar ucvnia sabWoTa respublikebis damoukideblo-ba, garda baltiispireTis qveynebisa. da-narCeni sabWoTa respublikebis de-iure cnobis procesi 1991 wlis dekemberSi daiwyo. magram saqarTvelos xelisuf-leba, swored am periodSi, aSS-is mier mxardaWeris gareSe aRmoCnda, ramac misi mdgomareoba uimedo gaxada. axal samo-kavSireo xelSekrulebis xelmoweraze saqarTvelos xelisuflebis uarma, sabo-lood ganapiroba aSS-is da dasavleTis mxridan saqarTvelos mxardaWeris SeuZ-lebloba. gamsaxurdiam kvlav uari Tqva centrTan kompromisze da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa TanamegobrobaSi Sesvla-ze, rac mas xelisuflebis SenarCunebis Sanss aZlevda.

rogorc erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebe-li moZraobis liders da moRvawes, zviad gamsaxurdias SeeZlo sabWoTa imperia-sTan ukompromiso brZola gaegrZelebi-na. magram rogorc saqarTvelos prezi-dentma, man mZime Secdoma dauSva, roca kompromisze ar wavida arc centrTan da arc saerTaSoriso koniunqturasTan,

ramac misi xelisuflebis damxobaSi sabe-diswero roli iTamaSa.

garda amisa, umTavresi, Tu ara sabe-diswero Secdoma, iyo gamsaxurdias gau-gebari konfrontaciuli urTierToba inteligenciasTan.

Tu hegels davujerebT, is rac xdeba, yovelTvis kanonzomieria. amiT imisi Tqma msurs, rom rac SemdgomSi moxda, ori ZiriTadi mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli: sabWoTa kavSiris agenturas uzarmazari resursi hqonda da man SeZlo, rom patara qveynis erovnul moZraobaSi areuloba Seetana da meore mizezi iyo is, rom Cven ar gveyo Sesabamisi mzaoba, inteleqti da politikuri goni, rom es dapirispireba Tavidan agvecilebina. amas emateboda cnobili `qarTuli ambicia~.

opozicia yoveldRe mitingebs awy-obda. mTeli rusTaveli Caxergili da gadaketili iyo Tveebis manZilze, gansa-kuTrebiT, 1990 wlis 2 seqtembris mov-lenebis Semdeg. Cemi azriT, opoziciis liderebis moqmedeba danaSaulebrivi iyo, maT icodnen, rom amas mohyveboda konfrontacia da yvelaferi iaraRiT damTavrdeboda. SegviZlia dRevandel-obasTanac gavavloT paralelebi _ am-Jamindeli opoziciis liderebi axlac ruseTisgan elian mxardaWeras da iqidan iReben instruqciebs, zogierTs ise unda warmarTos movlenebi, rogorc 1990-1991

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wlebSi, Tumca imeds vitovebT, rom es ase ar moxdeba.

_ samoqalaqo omma Rrma kvali daamCnia saqarTvelos istorias...

_ xazgasmiT unda aRvniSno, rom 1991-1992 wlebis gadatrialeba ar iyo samo-qalaqo omi. es iyo SeiaraRebuli gada-trialeba, romelic sxva metropoliam moawyo aqauri Zalebis gamoyenebiT, Sei-araRebuli formirebebiT. Cemi mosaz-reba dasabuTebuli maqvs 597-gverdian monografiaSi `politikuri dapirispi-rebebi saqarTveloSi da erovnuli xeli-suflebis damxoba 1987-1992 wlebSi”.

samwuxarod, maSin daTesils dResac vimkiT. opozicia, romelic mitingebs awyobda mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi, 1991 wlis seqtember-oqtomber-noemberSi, moskovidan ukve sakmaod SeiaraRebuli, 22 dekembers iwyebs brZolas, 6 ianvars ki xelisufleba ukve damarcxebulia da midis.

_ aseT rTul politikur viTareba-Si visi idea iyo saqarTveloSi Sevard-naZis Camoyvana. ramdenad swori iyo es gadawyvetileba da rogori politiku-ri kursi airCia saxelmwifos axalma meTaurma?

G_ marTalia, gadatrialebis saxelo-biTi avtorebi SemdgomSi iCemebdnen, rom SevardnaZe maT Camoiyvanes, magram misi `Camoyvana~ bevrad Zlierma Zalebma da-gegmes da ganaxorcieles moskov-vaSing-tonSi, vidre maTi nebis aRmsrulebeli marionetebis sameuli gaxldaT.

eduard SevardnaZis saxels ukavSi-reben ara marto gadatrialebis inspi-racias, aramed gadatrialebis Semdgom qveyanaSi stabilizaciasac. man moaxerxa kriminaluri SeiaraRebuli formirebe-bisa da lamis savele meTaurebis doneze gaZlierebuli yofili liderebis _ ki-tovan-ioselianis neitralizeba. man 1995 wels miiRo qveynis konstitucia, safuZ-

veli Cauyara dasavleTTan da aSS-Tan urTierTobas. misi mmarTvelobis dros gadaidga pirveli nabijebi Crdilo-at-lantikur aliansTan partniorul Ta-namSromlobaSi. umniSvnelovanesi gaxl-daT stambolSi, euTos samitze miRebu-li gadawyvetileba _ saqarTvelodan ruseTis SeiaraRebuli bazebis gayvanis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, saqarTvelo gaxda araerTi saerTaSoriso organizaciis we-vri qveyana _ gaerosi, euTosi, evrosab-Wosi da sxv.

miuxedavad imisa, rom SevardnaZe axa-li drois demokratiul moTxovnebs una-rianad moergo, mainc sabWoTa mmarTveli iyo. mas arasodes ufiqria damoukidebe-li qveynis liderobaze. Mmis mmarTvelo-bas adreul xanaSic erTi ucnauroba axa-siaTebda: 1970-ian wlebSi sastiki brZo-la gamoucxada korufcias, magram male misma qmedebam korufciis ufro meti gaZliereba gamoiwvia. man ulmobeli omi gamoucxada 1970-ian wlebSi negatiur movlenebs, magaliTad proteqcionizms, magram amis Semdeg proteqcionizmma ufro magrad gaidga fesvebi qarTul sa-zogadoebaSi. 90-ian wlebSi man, piriqiT, TviTdinebaze miuSva procesebi, koruf-cias gasaqanic ki misca, raTa Tavisi xe-lisuflebisTvis dasayrdeni socialuri fena _ elitaruli inteligencia da yo-fili partiul-biurokratiuli zedafe-na gaeZlierebina. es misi Zveli gvardia iyo.

_ ratom gaemijna ,,moqalaqeTa kavSiris” reformatoruli gundi mis wevrTa mTavar Semoqmeds _ SevardnaZ-es?

_ saakaSvilis liderobiT refor-matorTa gundis organizeba aSS-is proeqti gaxldaT. dasavleTs aRar ak-mayofilebda SevardnaZis ormagi TamaSe-bi. erT dRes igi Tavis strategiul part-niorad aSS-s asaxelebda, meore dRes ki _ ruseTs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi vax-tang meeqvses politikas axorcielebda, romelzec daviT guramiSvili ambobda:

_ sami batonis yma iyoo. gamiznuli iyo, rom reformatorebi postSevardnaZis-eul saqarTveloSi unda mosuliyvnen.

am periodSi ori proeqti Seejaxa farulad erTmaneTs _ moskovisa Jvania-burjanaZis gundis saxiT da saakaSvilisa aSS-is kadris saxiT. axla rom amboben, burjanaZem parlamentis spikerobidan wasvlis Semdeg aiRo gezi moskovzeo, gulubryvilobaa _ burjanaZe spikero-bis periodSic moskovis kadri iyo, iseve rogorc noRaideli. Tumca Cemi es mosaz-reba met dasabuTebas saWiroebs.

_ ZiriTadad ra procesebma gana-piroba `vardebis revolucia~?

_ `vardebis revolucia” Tavidan bo-lomde orientaciuli revolucia gaxl-daT. revoluciis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi sa-qarTvelos sagareo politikis dasavlu-ri orientaciis liandagze gadasvla iyo da asec moxda. SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis ukuRmarTobiT gamZvinvarebuli xalxis ukmayofileba revoluciiT dasrulda.

_ sainteresoa, rogor iwereba uaxlesi istoria da vin gansazRvravs mis obieqturobas? ra kriteriumebiT unda ixelmZRvanelos qarTulma is-toriografiam movlenebis miukerZoe-blad gaSuqebis da obieqturi Sefase-bis dros?

_ nebismieri movlenis gaazrebisT-vis bevri garemoebaa gasaTvaliswinebe-li. bolo wlebia, qarTul saistorio mecnierebas SesaZlebloba mieca XX sau-kunis umniSvnelovanesi movlenebi, maT Soris, 1991-1992 wlebis movlenebi erTi principiT, maqsimaluri miukerZoeblo-biT, realobasTan miaxloebiT gaaSuqos. am principis azri erTaderTia: dRevan-

del sazogadoebas rogorc arasdros, ise sWirdeba marTali istoria, cudi si-marTle lamaz da gamogonebul tyuils jobia.

istorikosTa mravali TaobisTvis da-mafiqrebeli da rTulad gadasawyvetia erTi problema _ rogor unda aRadginos istorikosma movlenebis miukerZoebeli, obieqturi suraTi, miT ufro, rom bevri specialistis azriT, aseTi ram TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. magram mcdeloba da masTan miaxloeba mainc SesaZlebelia. sxvanai-rad saistorio mecniereba azrs dakar-

gavda. magaliTad, erT dros CvenSi didi kamaTis sagani iyo, Tu vin isrola pir-velma 1991 wlis 22 dekembers. es faqti SeiZleba zustad ver dadgindes, an ne-bismieri versia arasarwmuno iyos, magram saqmis arsis gasarkvevad am faqts isto-rikosebisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ara aqvs, radgan SeiaraRebulma opozici-am mTavrobis sasaxles alya Semoartya da ori kvira esroda mas. ra mniSvnelobaRa hqonda pirvel gasrolas? ra Tqma unda, saistorio mecnierebam unda gaiTvalis-winos momxdari politikuri movlene-bis monawileTa poziciac, magram maTi mravalricxovnobisa Tu subieqturobis gamo SeuZlebelia ukritiko gaziare-ba. istorikosisTvis mTavari amosavali mainc dokumentia, an sayovelTaod dada-sturebuli faqti an istoriuli wyaros Semcveli masala.

istoriis umTavresi daniSnuleba ki erTaderTia _ ar gavimeoroT warsulis Secdomebi.

moamzades: SurTxia beroSvilmada nino kakuliam

1918 wlis 26 maiss damoukideblobis mopovebisTanave saqarTvelos demokra-tiulma respublikam mudmivi neitra-liteti gamoacxada da amiT gansazRvra Tavisi damokidebuleba im periodSi mim-dinare da SemdgomSi mosalodneli ome-bisadmi. mudmivi neitralitetis Taoba-ze qarTuli politikuri elitis gadawy-vetileba iyo arsebuli saerTaSoriso viTarebis swori analizis Sedegi.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgena SesaZlebeli gaxda germaniis imperiis samxedro-po-litikuri mxardaWeris wyalobiT, axlad Sobili saxelmwifos sagareo-politi-kuri veqtori swored germaniisaken iqna mimarTuli. amasTan, progermanuli ori-entacia, sxva, aranakleb mniSvnelovani faqtoriTac iyo ganpirobebuli. Turqe-Ti ar dasjerda brest-litovskis xelSe-

krulebiT (1918 wlis 3 marti) mopovebul saqarTvelos istoriul teritorias (baTumis, yarsisa da artaanis olqebs) da moiTxovda kidev sxva teritoriebs. TurqeTma samxedro intervenciis gziT scada miznis miRweva. TurqeTis agre-siuli politikis ramdenadme Serbileba SeeZlo isev da isev germanias (TurqeTi da germania pirvel msoflio omSi mokav-Sireebi iyvnen). yovelive aman gansazRvra saqarTvelos progermanuli orienta-cia, ramac garkveuli dadebiTi Sedegebi gamoiRo. amasTan erTad, saqarTvelos mouxda garkveul kompromisze wasvla. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respubli-kis xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda 1918 wlis 4 ivnisis baTumis xelSekrulebiT TurqeTisaTvis daeTmo ZirZveli qarTu-li teritoriebi (mTeli mesxeTi abasTum-nisa da awyuris gamoklebiT da aWara),

samagierod TurqeTma 1918 wlis 4 ivniss saqarTvelo de faqto aRiara.

amdenad, pirveli seriozuli war-mateba (garkveuli teritoriuli da-nakargebis xarjze) _ saqarTvelos de faqto aRiareba TurqeTis mxridan miR-weul iqna sagareo-politikuri mokavSi-ris _ germaniis imperiis aqtiuri dax-marebiT. TviT germaniam saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika de faqto aRiara 1918 wlis 28 maiss foTSi dadebu-li xelSekrulebiT. amasTan, 1918 wlis 27 agvistos germaniasa da sabWoTa ruseTs Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebis mecame-te muxlSi Caiwera: `ruseTi Tanaxmaa, rom germaniam cnos saqarTvelo damoukide-bel saxelmwifo organizmad~. es sabWo-Ta ruseTis mxridan arapirdapir saqarT-velos de faqto aRiarebas niSnavda.

saqarTvelos progermanuli orienta-ciiT SeSfoTebas ver malavdnen antantis saxelmwifoebi (inglisi, safrangeTi, amerikis SeerTebuli tatebi). amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma 1919 wlis 9 Te-bervals saerTod `uari Tqva saqarTve-los damoukideblobis cnobaze~.

inglisis pozicia kargad gamoxa-ta sagareo saqmeTa ministrma lordma kerzonma. misi azriT, Tu saqarTvelos mtruli damokidebuleba eqneba ru-seTTan, inglisi ver cnobda saqarTve-los. amdenad, antantis qveynebi saqarT-velos, faqtobrivad, sabWoTa ruseTTan pirispir tovebdnen.

sabWoTa ruseTis mier general anton denikis TeTri armiis damarcxebis Sem-

istoria meordeba?!

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis 20 wlisTavis aRniSvna isto-riuli warsulis analizisa da gadafasebis erTgvari aucileblobis winaSe gvayenebs. is, rom dasavleTi sityviTa da fuliT gvexmareba demokratiuli saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSi, xSirad aras-akmarisad gveCveneba. mkveTr politikur mxardaWeras da kompro-misebs, Tundac natosa da evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos gasawevri-aneblad, arc amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi da arc evropa ar uSvebs. amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo politi-kuri viTareba, magram isic cxadia, rom amerika da evropa ruseTs an-gariSs uweven da misi interesebis sawinaaRmdegod saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi xist nabijebs ar dgamen. istoria meordeba... ase iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis (1918-1921 ww.) arsebobis drosac, roca erTa liga ,,qolgad” migvaCnda, magram masSi gawevri-anebis saSveli, isev da isev, ruseTis faqtoris gamo ar dagvadga. swored am warsuli realobis SexsenebiTaa SesaZlebeli swori nabi-jebis gadadgma, raTa `Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnodes~ da mxolod sxvisi imedis molodinSi ar viyoT. ai, ra mware simarTles gvaxsen-ebs Cveni istoria...

me-17 gverdze

meTxuTmete gverdidan

r a t o m a r m i i R e s s aq a r T v e l o e r T a l i g a S i

ase dawerili damoukideblobis20-wliani istoriis mTavari Strixebi

axla rom amboben, burjanaZem parlamentis spikerobidan wasvlis Semdeg aiRo gezi moskovzeo, gulubryvilobaa _ burjanaZe spikerobis period-Sic moskovis kadri iyo, iseve rogorc noRaideli. Tumca Cemi es mosaz-

reba met dasabuTebas saWiroebs.

Tbilisisuniversiteti

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deg kerzonma antantis umaRles sabWoSi daayena saqarTvelos de faqto cnobis sakiTxi.

germaniis pirvel msoflio omSi da-marcxebis Semdeg saqarTvelosaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda ga-marjvebuli saxelmwifoebis (inglisi, safrangeTi da sxv.) pozicias, romle-bic parizis konferenciaze Seikribnen (gaixsna 1919 wlis ianvarSi). es saxelmwi-foebi mzad iyvnen saqarTvelo de faqto eRiarebinaT, xolo misi de iure aRiareba SesaZleblad miaCndaT mxolod da mxo-lod ruseTis mier saqarTvelos de iure aRiarebis Semdeg. 1920 wlis 12 ianvars inglisma, safrangeTma da italiam, xolo 1920 wlis 7 Tebervals iaponiam de faqto cnes saqarTvelos damoukidebloba.

saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso samar-Tal subieqtad cnoba iTvaliswinebs mis de iure aRiarebas. am mimarTulebiT garkveuli winaaRmdegobebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, TviT germaniasTanac ki war-moiSva. germania mzad iyo saqarTvelo de iure eRiarebina mxolod da mxolod ru-seTis imperiis samarTalmemkvidris (anu sabWoTa ruseTis) mier yofili koloniis (anu saqarTvelos) de iure aRiarebis Semdeg. amdenad, aSkarad gamoxatuli progermanuli orientaciis miuxedavad, saqarTvelom germaniis mxridanac ki ver miaRwia de iure aRiarebas ruseTis mier mis de iure cnobamde. amasTan, sabWoTa ruseTTan urTierTobis garkveva sxva mxrivac iyo sasicocxlo mniSvnelobi-sa saqarTvelosTvis. sabWoTa ruseTis meTerTmete wiTelma armiam 1920 wlis 2 maiss azerbaijanis mxridan gadmolaxa saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvari (sab-WoTa ruseTma azerbaijani daipyro 1920 wlis aprilSi) da Tbilisisaken aiRo gezi. miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTulma Seiara-Rebulma Zalebma medgari winaaRmdego-ba gauwies `daupatiJebel stumrebs~ da maT ukan daaxevines, magram sabWoTa ru-seTTan omis warmoeba saqarTvelos de iure aRiarebas sabolood daasamarebda. amitomac, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mesveurebma jer kidev 1920 wlis 16 da 22 aprils saTanado nota gaugzavnes sabWoTa ruseTis mTavrobas da samSvidobo molaparakebis dawyeba Se-sTavazes.

marTalia, sabWoTa ruseTi saqarT-velos dasapyrobad emzadeboda, magram 1920 wlis gazafxulisaTvis sabWoTa ru-seTsa da poloneTs Soris mimdinare omma da general petre vrangelis jarebis Tavmoyram yirimSi gaarTula ruseTis samxedro-politikuri mdgomareoba. ami-tomac, ruseTma mizanSewonilad CaTvala diplomatiuri molaparakebebis dawy-eba. molaparakeba dasrulda 1920 wlis 7 maiss xelSekrulebis dadebiT. saqarT-velo-ruseTis xelSekrulebis pirveli muxliT ruseTma upirobod de iure cno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. ruseTi nebayoflobiT ambobda uars yovelgvar suverenul uflebebze, romlebic ki mas gaaCnda qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis terito-riis mimarT. didi miRweva iyo isic, rom ruseTma demokratiuli respublikis ganuyofel nawilad cno Tbilisis, quTa-isis guberniebi da baTumis olqi maTSi Semavali okrugiTa da mazrebiT, aseve _ zaqaTalisa da soxumis okrugebi. gansa-kuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo is, rom ru-seTi saqarTvelos nawilad miiCnevda Savi zRvis guberniis nawilsac md. fsoudan aRmosavleTiT. miuRebeli iyo saqarT-velosaTvis 1920 wlis 12 maiss moskovSi dadebuli damatebiTi SeTanxmeba, ro-melic xelSekrulebis ZiriTadi xelSe-krulebis ganuyofel nawilad iTvlebo-da. damatebiTi SeTanxmebis ZaliT, zaqa-Talis okrugis (saingilos) teritoriis kuTvnilebis sakiTxi gansaxilvelad unda gadascemoda qarTul-azerbaija-nul komisias, romlis Tavmjdomarec ruseTis warmomadgeneli iqneboda, cxa-dia, teritoriul davas saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikasa da sabWoTa azerbaijans Soris ruseTi am ukanaskne-lis sasargeblod gadawyvetda.

marTalia, 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSe-

kruleba Seicavda saqarTvelosaTvis Zalze saxifaTo muxlebs, magram, mTava-ri iyo, rom sabWoTa ruseTma de faqto da de iure cno saqarTvelos damouki-debloba. es garemoeba ki, Tavis mxriv, qmnida wanamZRvrebs msoflios saxelm-wifoebis mxridan saqarTvelos de iure aRiarebisaTvis. 1920 wlis 7 maisis xel-Sekrulebas Sedegad moyva or qveyanas Soris diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyareba.

ruseTSi myofi qarTveli bolSevikebi i. stalini da s. orjonikiZe kategoriuli winaaRmdegebi iyvnen saqarTvelosTan raime tipis xelSekrulebis dadebisa. xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg grigol urataZe Sexvda ioseb stalins. i. stalin-ma gr. urataZes cinikurad uTxra: ̀ griSa! biWo, Sen marTla ggonia rom ruseTi ase advilad daTmobs baTums?!~

qarTveli politikosebi kargad iTva-liswinebdnen im garemoebas, rom sabWoTa ruseTi, de faqto da de iure aRiarebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos dasapyrobad emzadeboda da, amitomac, qarTveli di-plomatebis umTavres mizans Seadgenda sa-qarTvelos gawevrianeba erTa ligaSi, ro-melic daicavda mas ruseTis agresiisagan.

erTa ligisSeqmnis istoria

jer kidev pirveli msoflio omis mim-dinareobis dros, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidentma vudro vilsonma wamoayena universaluri saerTaSori-so organizaciis Seqmnis idea, romelic mowodebuli iqneboda _ ganemtkicebi-na saxelmwifoebs Soris mSvidoba, dae-myarebina maT Soris keTilmezobluri urTierToba da yvela dava-konfliqti gadaWriliyo molaparakebaTa gziT. am ideas aqtiurad dauWira mxari inglisis premier-ministrma devid loid jorjma. pirveli msoflio omis dasrulebis Sem-deg saerTaSoriso organizaciis Seqmnis mizniT muSaoba kidev ufro swrafi tem-piT warimarTa.

parizis samSvidobo konferenciaze (1919 wlis ianvari _ 1920 wlis ianvari) an-tantis qveynebi (inglisi, safrangeTi, ita-lia, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi) pirvel msoflio omSi damarcxebul saxelmwifoe-bTan (germania, avstria-ungreTi, Turqe-Ti) sazavo xelSekrulebis dasadebad da axali msoflio wesrigis dasakanoneblad Seikribnen. konferenciis msvlelobis dros, dRis wesrigSi dadga saerTaSoriso organizaciis _ erTa ligis _ wesdebis SemuSavebis sakiTxi. marTlac, 1919 wlis 28 aprils parizis (versalis) konferen-ciis monawile saxelmwifoebma xeli moa-weres SeTanxmebas, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1920 wlis 10 ianvars (erTa ligis wevri saxelmwifoebis mier misi ratificirebis Semdeg). ase Caeyara safuZveli axal saer-TaSoriso organizacias _ erTa ligas, anu ,,xalxTa ligas”, rogorc mas maSin sa-qarTveloSi eZaxdnen.

erTa ligis wesdebis meaTe muxlis Tanaxmad, organizaciis wevri qveynebi valdebulebas iRebdnen, pativi ecaT da daecvaT organizaciis yvela wevris saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba. Tavdapirvelad erTa ligis wevri gaxda 44 qveyana (inglisi, aSS, safrangeTi, ita-lia da sxv.).

mkveTri qarTuli pozicia

cxadia, msgavs saerTaSoriso orga-nizaciaSi saqarTvelos gawevrianeba Cr-diloeTidan momdinare safrTxis gauv-nebelyofis mTavari garanti gaxdeboda. 1919 wlis 21 maiss saqarTvelos demokra-tiuli mTavrobis saxeliT karlo CxeiZem specialuri memorandumiT mimarTa erTa ligas da sTxova organizaciaSi saqarT-velos miReba. aRniSnuli memorandumi 1920 wlis seqtemberSi evropaSi Caitana qarTulma delegaciam sagareo saqmeTa ministris evgeni gegeWkoris xelmZRva-nelobiT. qarTuli delegaciis wevrebi intensiur Sexvedrebs marTavdnen erTa ligis wevri saxelmwifoebis warmomad-genlebTan, raTa mieRwiaT organizaciaSi saqarTvelos miRebis dasturisaTvis.

erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos gawevriane-

bis sakiTxi farTo debatebis sagani gaxda saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaSi. depu-tatebi didxans msjelobdnen erTa liga-Si saqarTvelos miRebis mniSvnelobaze. erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos gawevrianebis winaaRmdeg gamovida socialist-revolu-cionerTa fraqcia. am fraqciis warmomad-genelma leo Sengelaiam moiTxova erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos gawevrianebis sakiTxi gataniliyo referendumze da uSualod xalxs gaerkvia gawevrianeba-argawevria-nebis sakiTxi. socialist-revolucio-nerTa fraqcia umciresobaSi aRmoCnda. deputatebis umravlesoba (social-de-mokratebi, erovnul-demokratebi, socia-list-federalistebi) mxars uWerda erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos gawevrianebas.

ra pirobebi unda daekmayofilebina

saqarTvelos?

1920 wlis 15 noembers JenevaSi gaixsna erTa ligis pirveli sesia. sesiaze unda ganxiluliyo ligaSi axali saxelmwi-foebis miRebis sakiTxi. axali wevrebis miRebis ganxilva mexuTe gansakuTrebul komisiis prerogativas Seadgenda. ligis wevrobis kandidat qveyanas unda daek-mayofilebina Semdegi moTxovnebi: 1. sa-xelmwifos unda Seesrulebina yvela in-ternacionaluri valdebuleba, romlis Sesrulebaze Tanxmoba hqonda micemu-li; 2. saxelmwifos unda hyoloda iseTi mTavroba, romelic Seasrulebda xalxis moTxovnebs; 3. erTa ligaSi miRebis msur-veli saxelmwifo mzad unda yofiliyo Seesrulebina erTa ligis wesdeba da or-ganizaciis mier miRebuli yvela dadge-nileba (gadawyvetileba); 4. saxelmwifos unda hqonoda dadgenili sazRvrebi da am sazRvrebSi mcxovrebni erTi eris warmo-madgenlebi unda yofiliyvnen.

saqarTvelos sakiTxi gansaxilvelad gadaeca azerbaijanTan, somxeTTan, ukrai-nasTan da kostarikasTan erTad mesame qvekomisias: Tavmjdomare _ fr. nanseni (norvegia), wevrebi: profesori ioanesku (rumineTi), mileni (avstria), palasiosi (espaneTi), politisi (saberZneTi), spalai-koviCi (serbia) da tsan-tsaifu (CineTi). mesame qvekomisiis amocanas Seadgenda, Tavis mxriv, gaerkvia Semdegi: a) sworadaa Tu ara warmodgenili Suamdgomloba li-gaSi miRebisaTvis; b) aRiarebulia Tu ara Suamdgomlobis warmomdgeni qveyana de faqtod an de iured da romeli saxelmwi-foebis mier; g) hyavs Tu ara qveyanas mt-kice mTavroba da aqvs Tu ara garkveuli sazRvrebi, rogoria misi farTobi da mo-saxleobis raodenoba; d) demokratiulia Tu ara saxelmwifos marTva-gamgebloba; e) ra pozicia aqvs SeiaraRebis sakiTxebze saerTaSoriso valdebulebaTa da erTa ligis dadgenilebebis mimarT.

bunebrivad ismis kiTxva, akmayofi-lebda Tu ara saqarTvelos demokra-tiuli respublika erTa ligis wevrobis kandidati qveynis moTxovnebs?

1. saqarTvelos demokratiul respu-blikas ar hqonda aRebuli gansakuTrebu-li saerTaSoriso valdebuleba da, aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, verc daarRvevda mas; 2. saqarTvelos xelisufleba arCeu-li iyo qarTveli xalxis mier da SeZlebis-dagvarad axorcielebda qarTveli xalxis interesebidan gamomdinare sxvadasxva re-formebs; 3. ligaSi gagzavnil memorandum-Si dawvrilebiT iyo aRwerili saqarTve-los saxelmwifo sazRvrebi; 4. marTalia, saqarTvelo metad Wreli iyo eTnikuri TvalsazrisiT, magram, rac mTavaria, eT-nikuri umciresobebis uflebebi qveyana-Si ar irRveoda; 5. saqarTvelos saerTa-Soriso samarTalsubieqtad aRiarebis sakiTxi, am droisaTvis, ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo xelis SemSleli faqtori erTa ligaSi gasawevrianeblad, vinaidan, 1920 wlis noembris mdgomareobiT, saqarTve-los demokratiuli respublika de faqto iyo aRiarebuli TurqeTis, germaniis, argentinis, italiis, safrangeTis, didi britaneTis, iaponiis, belgiis, sabWoTa ruseTis, avstriis, Cexoslovakiis mier, xolo de iure _ TurqeTis, sabWoTa ru-seTis da germaniis mier.

amdenad, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika yovelnairad akmayofilebda

erTa ligis wevrobis kandidati qveynis moTxovnebs.

sabolood, mesame qvekomisiam dade-biTad gadawyvita saqarTvelos sakiTxi da is daSvebul iqna mexuTe gansakuTre-buli komisiis sxdomaze.

saqarTvelos erTa ligaSi miRebis sa-kiTxi ganixiles 1920 wlis 16 dekembers. kenWisyraSi monawileobda 24 saxelmwifo, erTa ligis wevrad gaxdomisaTvis saWiro iyo 16 xma. erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos mi-Rebas mxari dauWires: samxreT afrikam, boliviam, kolumbiam, italiam, norvegiam, paragvaim, sparseTma, portugaliam, Svei-cariam da Cilem. saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg xma misces: avstraliam, kanadam, kubam, didma britaneTma, safrangeTma, espaneT-ma, zelandiam, niderlandebma, Cexoslova-kiam da daniam. Tavi Seikaves: belgiam, po-loneTma, Sveciam da rumineTma.

amdenad, saqarTvelos erTa ligaSi gawevrianebas mxari dauWira 10 qveyanam (wevrobisaTvis saWiro iyo damatebiT ki-dev 6 xma), winaaRmdegi aRmoCnda aseve _ 10 da Tavi ki Seikava 4 qveyanam.

ase rom, kenWisyris Sedegebis mixed-viT, saqarTvelo erTa ligis wevri ver gaxda.

uari inglisis gavleniT

is garemoeba, rom inglisis yvela do-minioni (avstralia, kanada, zelandia) kenWisyris dros ligaSi saqarTvelos winaaRmdegi aRmoCnda, ganpirobebuli iyo isev da isev inglisis gavleniT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sabWoTa ruseTTan `axlos mdebare~ saxemwifoebma (Ce-xoslovakia, poloneTi, Svecia, rumineTi) kenWisyraSi an Tavi Seikaves an saqarTve-los winaaRmdeg misces xma da amiT gamo-xates erTgvari loialoba ruseTisadmi.

sainteresoa, erTa ligaSi saqarTve-los miRebis mowinaaRmdege saxelmwifoe-bis argumentebi. ingliseli fiSeri amt-kicebda, rom `erTa liga jer axalgazrda organizaciaa da Tavidanve ar unda ikis-ros pasuxismgebloba ama Tu im qveynis damoukideblobisa da teritoriuli mT-lianobis SenarCunebazeo~. analogiuri mosazreba gamoTqva frangma vivianmac. misi TqmiT, `ligas metad gauZneldeba axali wevrebis teritoria, me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad, Tavdasxmisagan uzrunvelyos~.

erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos miRebis sakiTxi uaryofiTad gadawyvita ingli-sisa da safrangeTis poziciam. Eevropis politikaSi swored es ori saxelmwifo TamaSobda gadamwyvet rols. inglisi da safrangeTi gavlenas axdenda iseTi qveynebis poziciaze, rogorebic iyvnen: avstralia, kanada, Cexoslovakia, polo-neTi, espaneTi da sxv. erTa ligis sesiis muSaobis periodSi (1920 wlis dekemberi) londonSi inglissa da sabWoTa ruseTs Soris mimdinareobda molaparakeba. Mmo-laparakebis erT-erT ZiriTad sakiTxs Seadgenda gavlenis sferoebis gamijvna samxreT kavkasiaSi (amierkavkasiaSi). Aam droisaTvis azerbaijani da somxeTi ukve dapyrobili iyo sabWoTa ruseTis mier. Llondonis molaparakebaze sabWoTa ru-seTma miaRwia imas, rom savaWro-ekono-mikuri urTierTobis (ingliss sabWoTa ruseTidan gahqonda navTobi, manganu-mi, xorbali da sxv.) sanacvlod ingliss daaTmobina amierkavkasia. aseT garigebas daeTanxma safrangeTic. Aamrigad, erTa ligaSi saqarTvelos miRebis Taobaze kenWisyris dRisaTvis (1920 wlis 16 dekem-beri) inglisis mier saqarTvelo aRiare-buli iyo ruseTis gavlenis sferod da, cxadia, inglisi mxars ar dauWerda sa-qarTvelos miRebas erTa ligaSi.

saqarTvelos ligaSi gawevrianebis sakiTxis CaSlis sakompensaciod evro-pis didma saxelmwifoebma 1921 wlis 27 ianvars (inglisi, safrangeTi) miiRes gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos de iure aRiarebisa.

magram erTa ligaSi miuReblobis gamo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respubli-ka sabWoTa ruseTTan pirispir darCa da amiT misi bedi imTaviTve gansazRvruli aRmoCnda. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos da-pyroba mxolod drois sakiTxi iyo.

Llevan jiqia

istoria meordeba?!meTeqvsmete gverdidan

Tbilisis universiteti

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oficialuri qronikaTanamSromlobis memorandumi iaponiis riken omiksis samecniero centrTan

10 maiss ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets ia-poniis riken omiksis samecniero centris delegacia ewvia. vizitis farglebSi Tsu-sa da samecniero centrs Soris ur-TierTTanamSromlobis xelSekruleba gaformda. TanamSromlobis memorandums xeli Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-tis reqtorma aleqsandre kvitaSvilma da riken omiksis samecniero centris di-reqtorma haiaSizaki ioSidim moaweres.

„memorandumis mizania erToblivi grZelvadiani kvleviTi TanamSromlo-ba, romelic mecnierTa Soris aqtiuri kontaqtebis damyarebas, samecniero da teqnologiuri informaciis gacvlas, erToblivi leqciebisa da simpoziumebis gamarTvas gulisxmobs“, – aRniSna Tsu-is reqtorma aleqsandre kvitaSvilma.

xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul ZiriTad sakiTxebs genetika da genomik-si, molekuluri diagnostirebis ganvi-Tareba da maTi potenciuri gamoyeneba warmoadgens. riken omiksi erT-erTi wamyvani samecniero-kvleviTi centria iaponiaSi. centris ZiriTad saqmianobas genomis, kerZod cocxal organizmebSi molekulebis yovelmxriv Seswavlasa da kvlevas warmoadgens. genomebis srulma Tanmimdevrobam (genebis sruli komple-qti organizmSi) SesaZlebeli gaxada sx-vadasxva tipis molekuluri monacemebis analizi. omiksis centris fundamenturi kvlevebis mizania daakavSiros aRniSnu-li molekuluri monacemebis qseli, raTa molekulur doneze biologiuri movle-nebis gageba gaumjobesdes.

„Cven vmuSaobT universalur siste-mur analizze, saxelwodebiT „cxovrebis Sesaxeb mecnierebis amaCqarebeli“ (life science accelerator). es proeqti warmoadgens farTomasStabian sistemur analizs, ro-melic molekuluri qselis axsnaSi gve-xmareba. Cven mas vuwodeT amaCqarebeli, radganac is aaCqarebs cxovrebis Sesa-xeb samecniero kvlevebis temps mTels msoflioSi. gvsurs msgavsi siaxleebi gavuziaroT Cvens qarTvel kolegebs da gavzardoT maTi CarTuloba“, – ganacxa-da riken omiksis samecniero centris di-reqtorma haiaSizaki ioSidim.

evrokavSiris dReebi Tsu–Si

7–9 maiss ivane javaxiSvilis saxelo-bis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studenturi TviTmmarTvelobis ganaT-

lebisa da mecnierebis departamentma proeqti „evrokavSiris dReebi“ ganaxor-ciela.

mravalprofilianma proeqtma leq-cia-debatebi, konferencia da intele-qtualuri TamaSebi moicva. proeqtis mizania studentebis maqsimaluri CarTu-loba saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebSi, ama-sTan, saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTier-TobasTan dakavSirebiT codnis gaRrma-veba da meti gamocdilebis miReba.

proeqtis farglebSi gaimarTa kon-ferencia Temaze _ „saqarTvelos evro-kavSirSi integracia, gamowvevebi da per-speqtivebi“. monawileebma evrokavSiris struqturebSi saqarTvelos integraciis politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri Tu sxva aspeqtebi ganixiles. konferen-ciaSi gamarjvebulma samma studentma sakuTari Tema konferenciis sazeimo daxurvaze warmoadgina. saukeTeso sa-meuls fuladi prizebi gadaecaT.

sazeimo gaxsna 7 maiss Sedga. evrokav-Siris Temaze gamarTuli leqcia debate-biT dasrulda. RonisZiebis farglebSi inteleqtualuri TamaSi „Eugame“ Catar-da, romlis yvela monawile evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misiis mier gadmocemu-li specialuri prizebiT dasaCuqrda, xolo gamarjvebulma gundma 400 lariani wignebis vauCeri miiRo.

Sveicariis elCi giunter bexleri stumrad Tsu-Si

10 maiss ivane javaxiSvilis saxelo-bis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets saqarTveloSi Sveicariis elCi giunter bexleri ewvia. elCma studentebisTvis da profesor-maswavleblebisTvis waikiTxa leqcia Temaze _ „mSvidoba da demokra-tiuli revolucia arabul qveynebSi“.

doqtorma bexlerma arabul samyaro-Si ganviTarebul ukanasknel movlenebze isaubra da aRniSna, rom revoluciebis seria teqnologiebis ganviTarebam da or-ganizebulma opoziciurma Zalam gamoiw-via. elCma moxsenebaSi quCis saprotesto aqciebi, revoluciebi da „daundobeli Setakebebi“ erTis mxriv, politikuri da kulturuli stagnaciis, xolo meores mx-riv, socialur-ekonomikuri cvlilebebis konteqstSi ganixila. giunter bexleri sazogadoebisTvis saintereso sxvadasx-va sakiTxs Seexo: ra saxis „revoluciebs“ ganvicdiT; vin dgas politikuri Zalebis ukan; riT aixsneba cvlilebebis Tanad-rouloba sxvadasxva regionSi; rogoria movlenebis msgavseba da gansxvaveba sx-vadasxva qveynebSi; aseve, arsebobda Tu ara inteleqtualuri fesvebi, romleb-mac xeli Seuwyves saxalxo moZraobebs; ra kavSiria demokratias, mSvidobian cvli-lebebs da SeiaraRebul Zaladobas Soris qveynebSi, romelic datanilia rukaze.

„revoluciebi gaxSirda. es sazoga-doebis metma informirebulobam da de-

mokratiisken swrafvam ganapiroba. xalxs aRar surs iyos romelime reJimis SigniT. saqarTvelom Tavisi survili `vardebis revoluciis~ dros gaaJRera. me diplo-matiuri samsaxuris didi gamocdileba maqvs da msurs studentebs gavuziaro Cemi mosazreba, warmovadgino erTgvari analizi da movismino maTi azri. moma-vali maT xelSia, amitomac maTi damoki-debuleba ama Tu im sakiTxze yovelTvis mniSvnelovania“, – aRniSna saqarTveloSi Sveicariis elCma giunter bexlerma.

konfliqtebis kvlevis dargSi bre-menis universitetis mecnierebaTa do-qtorma giunter bexlerma samecniero moRvaweoba hamburgis universitetSi mSvidobis da usafrTxoebis kvlevis in-stitutis ufros mecnier muSakad dai-wyo. axalgazrda mecnieris Sromebi Zi-riTadad aRmosavleT-dasavleTis kon-fliqts exeboda. 1996 wels profesorma harvardis molaparakebebis programa da jon kenedis saxelmwifo marTvis skola gaiara. 1988-2000 wlebSi giunter bexle-ri xelmZRvanelobda misive daarsebul Sveicariuli mSvidobis fonds. 2001 wels doqtori bexleri Sveicariis ganviTa-rebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos (SDC) konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebisa da transformaciis ganyofilebis xe-lmZRvanelad dainiSna. 2005 wlidan ki, nepalSi Sveicariis sagareo saqmeTa sami-nistros specialuri mrCevelia samSvi-dobo sakiTxebSi, 2007 wels Sveicariis sagareo uwyebam igi miavlina darfurSi _ sudanSi mTavar mrCevlad samSvido-bo sakiTxebSi. 2009 wlidan doqtori iyo mTavari mediatori, 2010 wlis ivnisamde ki is aqtiurad iyo CarTuli darfuris samSvidobo molaparakebebSi, romelic yatarSi mimdinareobda.

Tsu–is delegaciis viziti kadisis universitetSi

11-14 maiss ivane javaxiSvilis saxelo-bis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis delegacia samuSao vizitiT kadisis (espa-neTi) universitets stumrobda. samkacian delegacias Tsu–is reqtori aleqsandre kvitaSvili xelmZRvanelobda. vizitis mizani partnior universitetTan TanamS-romlobis gaaqtiureba da konkretuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba iyo.

vizitisas ori umaRlesi saswavle-blis warmomadgenlebi pirvel erTob-liv arqeologiur proeqtze SeTanxmd-nen. proeqti saxelwodebiT „aRmosav-leT–xmelTaSuazRvis, pirineis da kavkasiis kulturaTa da savaWro ur-TierTobebis SedarebiTi analizi“ wlis bolomde daiwyeba. erTobliv proeqts ori xelmZRvaneli qarTveli arqeolo-gi, profesori vaxtang liCeli da cno-bili espaneli arqeologi diego luis mata eyoleba. proeqtis farglebSi mox-deba erToblivi gaTxrebis warmoeba dasavleT saqarTveloSi; amasTan, da-gegmilia kolxeTis daculi koleqtiu-ri samarxebis gaTxra da Seswavla. mona-wile mxareebi erToblivad aRmoCenili nimuSebis restavraciasa da konserva-cias ganaxorcieleben, gaiwereba aRmo-Cenili eqsponatebis baza da samuSaoe-bis dasasruls samecniero publikacia gamoicema. proeqtis dasasruls, 2013 wlis Semodgomaze qalaq kadisSi erTob-livi gamofenac moewyoba.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-tsa da kadisis universitets Soris aqtiuri TanamSromloba 2009 wlis se-qtemberSi gaformebuli memorandumis Semdeg xorcieldeba. or umaRles sas-wavlebels Soris miRweuli SeTanxme-bis mizania erToblivi samecniero naS-romebis momzadeba da studentTa da pedagogTa urTierTgacvla. kadisis universitetis samagistro programaze amJamad ramdenime qarTveli studenti swavlobs.

Tsu–is medicinis fakultetis samecniero konferencia

20 maiss ivane javaxiSvilis saxelo-bis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitet-Si medicinis fakultetis studentu-ri organizacia `emsa Tsu”-sa (evropis medikos studentTa asociacia) da Tsu studenturi TviTmmarTvelobis ganaT-lebis departamentis egidiT samecniero konferencia gaimarTa. konferenciaSi monawileobas medicinis sferos cnobi-li moRvaweebi da jandacvis msoflio organizaciis warmomadgenlebi iReben. konferenciaze profesorebTan erTad studentebic wardgnen.

„msgavsi konferencia Zalian mniSvne-lovania, radganac studentebi profe-sorebTan erTad akeTeben moxsenebebs, Sesabamisad, maT gamocdilebas iziare-ben, amasTan iReben ufro met saintereso da axal informacias pirveli pirebisgan, romlebic warmatebulni arian medicinis sferoSi“, – ganacxada Tsu–is medicinis fakultetis dekanma aleqsandre ciska-riZem.

konferenciis pirvel dRes gakeTda moxsenebebi globaluri janmrTelobis tendenciebis da medicinaSi nanoteqno-logiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

`plastikuri qirurgia es ar aris marto silamazis qirurgiaa, is moicavs rekonstruqciul da esTetikur qir-urgias, rac mas met mniSvnelobas sZens. msurs Cemi gamocdileba gavuziaro stu-dentebs da vuTxra maT, rom miRebuli codna da praqtika maTi warmatebis ga-ranti iqneba“, – aRniSna profesorma iva kuzanovma.

konferenciis meore nawili bazale-Tis tbaze gagrZeldeba. konferenciis dasasruls gaimarTeba monawile studen-tebis dajildoebis ceremonia, sertifi-katebTan erTad maT samaxsovro saCuqre-bi da fuladi premia gadaecaT.

aRniSnuli konferencia „emsa Tsu“–s erTi wlis iubiles daemTxva. evropis me-dikos studentTa asociacia – Tsu 2010 wlis 20 maiss Camoyalibda da am periodis ganmavlobaSi mravali specialuri aqcia da proeqti ganaxorciela.

studentis TvaliT danaxuli nafic msajulTa instituti

20 maiss Tsu-is iuridiuli fakul-tetis organizebiT gaimarTa Sexvedra Temaze - „studentis TvaliT danaxuli nafic msajulTa instituti“

„nafic msajulTa institutis dam-kvidrebisaTvis saWiroa sazogadoebis maqsimaluri CarTuloba. studentebi TavianTi aqtiurobiT uzrunvelyofen institutis amuSavebisTvis aucilebel pirobebs, is mosazrebebi da rCevebi, romlebsac axali Taoba dRes avlens, gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba xval“, – aRniSna iuridiuli fakultetis dekanma irakli burdulma.

SexvedraSi monawileoba saqarTve-los uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdoma-rem konstantine kublaSvilma, Tavmjdo-maris moadgileebma, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis mosamarTleebma, Tbili-sis saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdoma-rem, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis mosamarTleebma, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis mosamarT-leebma, aseve Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis iuridiuli fakultetis aka-demiurma personalma, studentebma da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebma miiRes.

„msgavsi proeqtebi uzrunvelyofs moqalaqeebis cnobierebis amaRlebas da

u n i v e r s i t e t S i

Tbilisisuniversiteti

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oficialuri qronikaim sistemisTvis mzadyofnas, romelic uflebebTan erTad met pasuxismgeblo-basac gulisxmobs. studentebma praqti-kosi iuristebisgan Seityves ufro meti institutis Sesaxeb. amave dros, iuri-stebma moismines studentebisagan rCe-vebi da SeniSvnebi“, – ganacxada uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem konstantine kublaSvilma.

Tsu-is studentebi zaarlandis universitetSi

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis evropuli kvlevebis institutis dire-qtoris nino lapiaSvilis xelmZRvane-lobiTa da DAAD-is fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT, 20 marts saqarTvelodan zaarlandis universitetSi (germania) gamarTul intensiur seminarze _ `kon-fliqtebis marTva~ imyofebodnen Tbili-sis saxelmwifo universitetis evropu-li kvlevebis institutis 4 magistranti (giorgi mesxi, anJela abulaZe, ana tit-viniZe, nino kekeliZe) da iuridiuli fa-kultetisa da socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis 4 doqtoran-ti (nino farsadaniSvili, naTia nebuniS-vili, Tornike nozaZe, giorgi SioSvili). aRniSnuli proeqti moicavda `konfli-qtebis marTvisa da zaar-lor-luqsis regionis~ istoriul WrilSi ganxilvas. proeqtis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo konfliqtologiis dargSi 2 profe-soris momzadeba, razec wardgenilni iyvnen profesorebi qeTevan xuciSvili da medea despotaSvili, romlebic mo-amzadeben kurss konfliqtologiaSi, rasac mogvianebiT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi leqcia-seminarebis saxiT waikiTxaven.

zaarlandis universitetSi intensi-uri seminarebis pirveli kvira daeTmo `didi regionis~ istoriul WrilSi gan-xilvas. zaarlandis teritoria, iseve rogorc loranisa da luqsemburgis te-ritoriebi, wlebis ganmavlobaSi sadavo iyo germania-safrangeTs Soris. drois cvlasTan erTad ori qveynis iurisdiq-ciis cvlilebac xdeboda. evrokavSiris daarsebis Semdgom ki es problema gadawy-da. dRes, iseve rogorc mTels evropaSi, arc aq aris sazRvrebi gavlebuli. dau-zustebelia aseve am regionis sazRvrebi, mas Cveulebriv Saar-Lor-Lux-s uwodeben, Tumca akademiur sferoSi ̀ Greater Region”-is (didi regionis) saxeliT moixsenieben. programis farglebSi studentebs saSu-aleba miecaT enaxaT Saar-Lor-Lux-is teri-toriaze mdebare istoriuli Zeglebi da qalaqebi: meci, luqsemburgi, zaarbru-keni, zaarlui. pirveli kvira moicavda eqskursiebs istoriul qalaqebSi. kviris bolos studentebs zepiri gamocdis Ca-bareba mouxdaT, rac warmatebiT SeZles.

seminarebis meore intensiuri kvira daeTmo irlandiis konfliqtis ganxil-vas profesor eamon o’kiardasTan. se-minarebi interaqtiul reJimSi mimdina-reobda, rac sakmaod sainteresos xdida aRniSnul sakiTxze msjelobas. meore kvirac zepiri gamocdis CabarebiT das-rulda.

mesame kvira daeTmo axlo aRmosavlu-ri konfliqtebis ganxilvas. leqcia-se-minarebs kiTxulobda zaarlandis uni-versitetis mowveuli profesori udo Stainbaxi. aRniSnul sakiTxebze msje-lobac interaqtiul reJimSi warimarTa. gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac profe-sorma Stainbaxma SemTxveviT iseTi ruka aCvena studentebs, sadac daSvebuli iyo kartografiuli Secdoma, azerbaijanis nacvlad datanili iyo somxeTi, razec azerbaijaneli studentebi da profe-sorebi sakmaod sensitiurni aRmoCndnen da, faqtiurad, leqciis pirveli monak-veTi aRniSnulis ganxilvas daeTmo. axlo aRmosavluri konfliqtebis Sesa-xeb studentebi kargad informirebule-

bi iyvnen. mesame kvirac, iseve rogorc pirveli ori kvira, zepiri gamocdiT dasrulda. zaarlandis universitetma qarTvel monawileebs 9 krediti mianiWa, rac `evropaeikumis~ sertifikatis erT mesameds Seadgens.

intensiuri seminarebis bolos, qarT-velma da azerbaijanelma studentebma prezentaciis saxiT warmoadgines qar-Tul-afxazuri da mTiani yarabaxis kon-fliqtebi.

studentebma: nino farsadaniSvilma da giorgi mesxma, qarTul-afxazuri da qarTul-osuri konfliqtebi ara marto politikuri kuTxiT, aramed saerTaSo-riso samarTlebrivi kuTxiTac ganixi-les, rac sakmaod saintereso iyo damswre sazogadoebisTvis, rasac auditoriaSi sakmaod saintereso diskusia mohyva.

zaarlandis universitetis intensi-uri saseminaro kursi sakmaod nayofieri aRmoCnda qarTveli studentebisaTvis. maT SeiZines ara marto Teoriuli codna, aramed zedmiwevniT detalurad gaecv-nen `didi regionis~ istorias, warsulsa da awmyos.

Tsu-m moswavleTa 65-e saswavlo-SemoqmedebiTi konferenciis geologiis seqciis monawileebs umaspinZla

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis zust da sabunebismet yvelo mecni ereb-aTa fakultetis geologiis departamen-tis xelSewyobiT tradiciad iq ca mos-wavleTa respub likuri saswavlo-Semoq-medebiTi kon fer en ciis geologiis seq-ciis Semajame beli sxdomebis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi Cat ar eba.

seqciis Semajamebeli sxdoma 15 maiss Catarda. seqciis muSaobaSi monawileoba miiRes: Tbi li sis, WiaTuris, foTis, onis, quTaisis, ozurgeTis, xaSu ris, zugdi dis, siRnaRis, kaspis, rusTavis, aspinZisa da gurjaanis saSua lo sko lebis VIII-XI kla-sisis moswav leebma da pedagogebma.

warmodgenili moxsenebebi gamoir-Ceoda Tematikis mravalferovnebiT, rac aris dasturi imisa, Tu rogor dainte-resebas iCens Cveni moswavle-axal gaz-rdoba qveynis teritoriaze aRmoCenili mineraluri nedle ulis, katastr ofuli movlenebis, Cveni planetis geologi-uri ageb ul ebis, misi warsulis drosa da sivrceSi ganviTarebis istoriis Se-saxeb. konferenciaze mosmenili mox-sen ebebidan advilad vrwmundebiT, rom moswavleebi geologiis mimarT (miuxe-davad imisa, rom es dargi skolaSi calke disciplinad ar iswav leba) did interess iCenen. aseTi konfe renciis mo wyoba, ro-melSiac udidesi wvlili Seaqvs Tbili-sis moswavle axalgazrdobis erovnuli sasaxlis geologiis seqcias da skolis peda go gebs, mniSvnelovanwilad avsebs saskolo ganaTlebaSi am mimar Tu le biT arsebul xarvezs. geologiis departa-mentis akademiuri perso na li aqtiurad aris CarTuli aseTi xasiaTis konferen-ciebis mowyobaSi. isini yov elTvis mzad arian miscen moswavleebs praqtikuli xasiaTis rCevebi, rac kidev ufro me-tad gauRvivebs maT geologiis mecni-erebisadmi interess da amiT bevri maTga-ni geologias TavianT momaval pro fesias daukavSirebs.

rogorc moswavle axalgazrdobis erovnuli sasaxlis geologiuri seq ci-is xelmZRvanelma leila mebaRiSvilma ganac xada, wina wlebTan Seda re biT 2011 wlis konferenciaze gacil ebiT maRali donis namuS ev rebia wardgenili. konfe-renciis muSaobaSi monawileoba miiRes

da moswavle-axalgazrdebs sit yviT mi-marTes Tsu-is geologiis departamen-tis profesor-maswavleblebma: beJan TuTberiZem, guram RonRaZem da karlo aqi miZem.

kavkasiuri wignis gamofena parlamentSi

parlamentis diasporasa da kavkasiis sakiTxTa komitetisa da ivane javaxiS-vilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iniciativiT parlament-Si kavkasiuri wignis gamofena moewyo. gamofenaze warmodgenili iyo Tsu-is biblioTekaSi daculi kavkasiologiis mimarTulebis raritetuli gamocemebi, kavkasiologiis fuZemdebelTa -arnold Ciqobavasa da giorgi axvledianis, aseve, Tsu-is gamomcemlobis mier bolo dros gamoSvebuli saxelmZRvanelo da samec-niero-kvleviTi xasiaTis wignebi, rom-lebic kavkasieli xalxebis kulturis, enisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb mogviTx-robs. agreTve, moewyo fotogamofena _ ,,kavkasieli xalxebis erovnuli samosi“.

gamofenis eqsponatebi mravalfero-vnebiT gamoirCeoda, rogorc avtorebis, aseve Tematikis mixedviT. stumrebi si-mon janaSias, arnold Ciqobavas, roland TofCiSvilis, barasbi braJnokovis, evge-ni jeiranaSvilis wignebTan erTad Tana-medrove mwerlebisa da kavkasiologebis Sromebs gaecvnen, maT, aseve, kavkasiel xalxTa erovnuli samosis fotogalerea daaTvalieres.

kavkasiuri wignis gamofena Tsu-is re-

qtorma aleqsandre kvitaSvilma gaxsna.„universitetisTvis mniSvnelovania

ara marto am ganZis Segroveba, aramed misi sazogadoebamde mitana. moxaruli var, rom gamofenam didi daintereseba gamoiwvia, vfiqrob, yvelam unda vicodeT ras vflobT da rogori mravalferova-nia Cveni simdidre“, – ganacxada Tsu-is reqtorma.

Tsu-is daarsebis dRidan universi-tetSi Seiqmna kavkasiuri enebis centri, romelmac didi roli Seasrula rogorc kavkasiuri enebis, aseve mTlianad kavka-siologiis mecnierul SeswavlaSi. uni-versitetSi dRes moqmedi kavkasiologi-is instituti regionSi kavkasiologiis Seswavlis centria.

,,saqarTveloSi kavkasiologiis Zlieri samecniero skolis dafuZneba ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets ukavSirdeba. interesi da yuradReba kavkasiuri pro-blematikis mimarT ukve universitetis daarsebis ideaSi iyo Cadebuli. SemTxve-viTi ar aris is, rom gamofena saqarTve-los parlamentSi imarTeba, radgan dRes swored parlamentSi xdeba kavkasiel xalxebTan axali urTierTobebis kon-struireba. am gamofenis mowyoba simbo-luria, radgan sul axlaxan parlamentma 1763–1864 wlebis ruseT–kavkasiis omis Sedegad ruseTis mier Cerqezi xalxis mimarT ganxorcielebuli genocidis aRiarebis Taobaze rezolucia miiRo”, - aRniSna parlamentis diasporasa da kav-kasiis sakiTxTa komitetis Tavmjdoma-rem nugzar wiklaurma.

RonisZiebas parlamentis vice–spikeri gigi wereTeli, parlamentarebi, saqarTveloSi moRvawe kavkasiologebi, Crdilo kavkasiel xalxTa warmomadgen-lebi da mowveuli stumrebi daeswrnen.

u n i v e r s i t e t S i

masala mogvawoda sazogadoebasTanurTierTobis departamentma

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nato obolaZe

xuT wliani pauzis Semdeg saqarTveloSi studen-turi dReebis tradicia ganaxlda. sportisa da axal-gazrdobis saqmeTa saministros iniciativiT gamarTu-li `studenturi dReebi 2011~ Tbilisis vakis parkSi 4 dRe gagrZelda. RonisZiebaze dasaswrebad Tu masSi monawileobis misaRebad aTasobiT axalgazrda Seikri-ba. konkursSi `studenturi dReebi 2011~ qveynis 30-mde umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebi CaerTvnen. gamar-jvebulni 30 nominaciaSi gamovlindnen, romlebsac jildod brolis gran-pri gadaecaT. es nominaciebia: saukeTeso qarTuli cekva, saukeTeso Tanamedrove cek-va, saukeTeso momRerali, saukeTeso dueti, saukeTeso trio, saukeTeso folkloruli jgufi, saukeTeso Tana-medrove jgufi, saukeTeso Teatraluri sketCi, sauke-Teso iumoristuli nomeri, yvelaze originaluri nome-ri, saukeTeso fotos avtori, saukeTeso naxatis avto-ri, yvelaze kreatiuli warmodgena, mxiaruli TamaSebis gamarjvebuli, Jiuris simpaTia, festivalis aqtiuri studenti, festivalis aRmoCena, yvelaze organizebu-li umaRlesi saswavlebeli, saukeTeso breiqdanseri, saukeTeso eqstremali, striTbolis gamarjvebuli, mklavWidis gamarjvebuli, Wadrakis gamarjvebuli, ma-gidis CogburTSi gamarjvebuli, nardis turnirSi ga-marjvebuli, saukeTeso gulSematkivari.

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetma pirveloba 5 nominaciaSi moipova. Tsu-is kulturisa da sportis departamentis ufross irakli xarjavaniZes, romelic warmatebulad dasaxelda nomi-naciaSi _ `yvelaze organizebuli umaRlesi saswavle-beli”, gran-pri gadaeca.

`Zalian sasiamovnoa, rom saqarTveloSi xuT wliani pauzis Semdeg kvlav aRdga studenturi dReebis Zalian kargi tradicia. man Tavidanve didi interesi gamoiwvia studentebs Soris, razec metyvelebs is faqti, rom studentur dReebze monawileoba miiRo saqarTvelos 28 umaRlesma saswavlebelma, maT Soris Tbilisis sa-xelmwifo universitetma, romelmac yvelaze organi-zebuli universitetis jildo moipova, agreTve minda didi madloba gadavuxado sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministros studenturi dReebis organize-bisTvis,” – aRniSna irakli xarjavaniZem.

foto-gamofenis konkursSi pirveli adgili Tsu-is studentma taso gogiSvilma daikava, ansambli `gorde-la~ ki saukeTeso folklorul jgufad aRiares.

`ver getyviT, rom CvenTvis gamarjveba moulod-neli iyo, radgan warmatebebis miRebis gamocdileba Cvens ansambls namdvilad aqvs. es jildo sasixarulo iyo imdenad, ramdenadac aqamde miRebuli gamarjvebebi. Zalian sasiamovnoa is faqti, rom studenturi dReebis aRdgenili tradiciis Semdeg `gordela~ pirveli iyo, romelmac saukeTeso folkloruli ansamblis titu-li moipova da gran-pri miiRo. vfiqrob, es aucileblad Caiwereba istoriaSi,~ _ gviTxra ansambl `gordelas~ wevrma Tamuna aladaSvilma.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Tsu-is rok-jgufs „Ever green”-s brolis gran-pri gadaeca nominaciaSi _ sauke-Teso Semsrulebeli.

`jgufi axali daarsebulia, oqtomberSi SevikribeT, erTmaneTi universitetSi gavicaniT. Cven yvela ekono-mikisa da biznesis fakultetze vswavlobT. sakuTari repertuaris Seqmnaze axla vmuSaobT, gvaqvs simRere-bis garkveuli monaxazebi rokis sxvadasxva stilSi, me-talSi, klasikur rokSi, mZime rokSi... win sakmaod didi samuSao gvelis. ukve gvqonda ramdenime koncerti rok-klubebSi. erTxel Tsu-is studentebis eqskursiaze davukariT da mas Semdeg universitetSi gamarTul Ro-nisZiebebzec yovelTvis gviwveven~, _ gviTxra jgufis „Ever green”-is wevrma, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis pirveli kursis studentma da `studentu-

ri dReebi 2011”-is erT-erTma gamarjvebulma giorgi cirikiZem.

`studenturi dReebi 2011~-is nominaciaSi _ ̀ festi-valis saukeTeso gulSematkivari~ ki Tsu-is studentu-ri TviTmmarTvelobis wevrebma naTia gergaiam da qeTi WiraqaZem gaimarjves.

`studenturi dReebi 2011~ sportisa da axal-gazrdobis saqmeTa ministrma vladimer varZelaSvilma 18 maiss gaxsna. ceremoniaze qarTuli estradis war-momadgenlebma `studenturi dReebis~ himni Seasru-les. mayureblis winaSe warsdgnen yofili jeostar-elebi salome bakuraZe, vaJa mania, nodiko tatiSvili, Tika maxaldiani da naTia dumbaZe. gaimarTa moZraobis Teatris cecxlovani Sou da jguf `mgzavrebis~ kon-

certi. momdevno dReebSi ki RonisZiebebi studente-bis monawileobiT gagrZelda: 19 maiss axalgazrdebi erTmaneTs mklavWidSi, magidis CogburTSi, xalxur da Tanamedrove cekvebSi Seejibrnen; 20 maiss _ nardSi, WadrakSi, xalxur da saestrado simRerebSi; 21 maiss ki me-3 sakonkurso dRe foto-gamofeniT gaixsna, gaimar-Ta Teatraluri warmodgenebi, iumoristuli sketCebi, originaluri sasceno nomrebi da sxva. momdevno dRes `studenturi dReebi 2011~-is oficialuri daxurvisa da gamarjvebuli studentebis dajildoeba gaimarTa. RonisZiebas daTo gelaZe (Cele) da Tamuna gomarTeli uZRvebodnen. gamarjvebulebs jildoebi sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa ministris moadgilem giorgi avalianma gadasca.

`studenturi dReebi 2011~ unda Sefasdes rogorc erT-erTi Zalian warmatebuli proeqti, radgan masSi bevrma studentma miiRo monawileoba. proeqtis war-mateba ganapiroba im faqtma, rom monawile universi-tetebs Soris gaxldaT saqarTvelos regionebis war-momadgenlebi. `studenturi dReebi~ aucileblad yo-velwliurad gaimarTeba. festivalma aqtiurad Seuwyo xeli axalgazrdebis daaxloebas, maT kulturul ganvi-Tarebas. gansakuTrebiT sasixaruloa, rom festivalis wyalobiT, bevri niWieri axalgazrda aRmovaCineT.

saqarTvelos sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministros erT-erTi umTavresi prioriteti axal-gazrdebis maqsimaluri xelSewyoba, Tanabari sastarto pirobebis Seqmna da maTi saerTaSoriso ganviTarebaa. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Cveni fokusi Zalian xSirad saqarTvelos regionebiskenaa mimarTuli. es tendencia aucileblad gagrZeldeba. gpirdebiT Zalian bevr sain-tereso axalgazrdul programas~, _ gviTxra sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministros axalgazrduli programebis departamentis ufrosma irakli samxaraZem.

`studenturi dReebis~ mizani axalgazrdebis erTma-neTTan daaxloeba, jansaRi cxovrebis wesis populari-zacia da studentebis waxaliseba gaxlavT. es RonisZieba yovel wels gaimarTeba, Tumca sportisa da axalgazrdo-bis saqmeTa saministro studentebs sxva siaxleebsac hpirdeba. ivlisSi baTumi umaspinZlebs konkurss _ ̀ stu-denturi saxe~, romelSic monawileobis miReba yvela um-aRlesi saswavleblis students SeeZleba. wels anakliaSi didi patriotuli banakic gaixsneba, sadac qarTvelebTan erTad ucxoeli axalgazrdebic daisveneben.

23 maiss studenturi dReebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSic gaixsna. RonisZiebis farglebSi li-teraturuli saRamo, cekvisa da musikis konkursebi gaimarTa. 26 maiss ki daskvniTi gala koncerti moewyo, sadac monawileoba Jiuris mier SerCeulma konkursan-tebma miiRes. cekvis nominaciaSi jgufebma `Cheer drup~ da `Nael.ge”-m gaimarjves, mxatvrul kiTxvaSi sauke-Tesod iuridiuli fakultetis studenti Temur Senge-laia dasaxelda, saukeTeso solo Semsruleblebad ki _ socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis studenti inga WviritiZe, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis studenti giorgi nadibaiZe, socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis studentebi me-rab nucubiZe, saSka inaZe da humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis studenti qeTo zviadauri. rac Seexeba mu-sikaluri jgufebis nominacias, warmateba wilad xvdaT jgufebs _ `rezo da bavSvebi~, `Ever green~, `Blues session~, `sandro da ART~, ansambli `universiteti~, `gordela~ da jgufi `ART~. Tsu-is studenturi dReebis daskvniT gala koncertze Jiurim saukeTeso Semsruleblad jgu-fi `Blues session~ daasaxela, romelsac gran-pri da pri-zi – 300 laris odenobiT gadaeca. Tsu-is studenturi dReebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studen-turi TviTmmarTvelobisa da sportisa da kulturis departamentis organizebiT gaimarTa.

niWierebi studenturma dReebmac gamoavlina

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ÒÄÃÊÏËÄÂÉÉÓßÄÅÒÄÁÉ:rismag gordeziani, nodar belqania, iago kaWkaWiSvili, lado minaSvili, nino CixlaZe, Temur nadareiSvili,

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