58

`dadgeba dro, rodesac [mixako wereTlis] germanul-frangul-inglisur-ital-

iurenovani naSromebi saqarTvelos daubrundeba da kvlav emsaxureba qarTuli

mecnierebis gamTlianebis diad saqmes~.

rezo TabukaSvili

mixeil (mixako) wereTeli (1878-1965) – didi mecnieri, politikuri moRvawe, saqa-

rTveloSi sociologiisa da asiriologiis fuZemdebeli. Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-

versitetis erT-erTi pirveli profesor-damfuZnebeli, romelic bedis ukuRmar-

TobiT, 1921 wels saqarTvelos aneqsiisTanave, samSoblodan samudamod gadaixvewa

da samecniero moRvaweoba evropaSi ganagrZo.

evropaSi mcxovrebi mixako wereTeli germanul, frangul, italiur da ingli-

sur enebze werda da aqveynebda Tavis msoflio mniSvnelobis samecniero naSromebs,

romlebmac saqarTvelos da qarTul mecnierebas gauTqves saxeli. Tavisi cxovre-

biTa da samecniero moRvaweobiT mixako wereTeli mudam iyo saqarTvelos samsax-

urSi, Tumca aqve unda iTqvas, rom msoflio mecnierebis es saunje mxolod axlaRa

ubrundeba saqarTvelos. sabWoTa agenturis mier faSistad monaTluli am udidesi

qarTveli mecnieris moRvaweoba akrZaluli iyo sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis manZil-

ze. aRsaniSnavia, rom mixako wereTeli iyo gamoCenili qarTveli aRmosavleTmcod-

nis – giorgi wereTlis (1904-1973) biZa (mogvianebiT mixako wereTelma swored mas

uanderZa Tavisi asiriologiuri biblioTeka), magram TviT giorgi wereTelmac ver

SeZlo mixako wereTlis verc erTi samecniero naSromis gamoqveyneba...

miuxedavad yvelafrisa, drom Tavisi moitana da 2010 wels britaneTSi (kembriji)

Catarebul msoflio kongresze, romelic `gilgameSis eposs~ eZRvneboda, qarTuli

mecnierebis saxeli kvlav mixako wereTelma warmoaCina. 1924 w. konstantinopolSi

mixako

wereTeli

(1878-1965)

didi qarTvelebi

nino samsonia

59

gamocemuli m. wereTlis naTargmni

`gilgameSiani~, romelmac imTaviTve

daimkvidra adgili `gilgameSis

eposis~ mTargmnel-gamSifvrelTa

msoflios pirvel sameulSi, Tumca

saqarTvelosTvis daikarga, kvlav

gamoCnda msoflio mecnierebis

sarbielze. britanelma mecnierebma

TiTqmis saukunis Semdeg daasaxe-

les mixako wereTeli `gilgameSis

eposis~ mTargmnel-pionerad. am

faqtis Semdeg, aTwleulebis man-

Zilze akrZaluli Targmani, 2010

wels xelaxla gamosca Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ga-

momcemlobam. `gilgameSiani~ aR-

moCnda pirveli samecniero naS-

romi mixako wereTlisa, romelic

saqarTvelos daubrunda, rogorc

qarTuli da msoflio mecnierebis

saganZuri.

mixeil (mixako) giorgis Ze wer-

eTeli daibada 1878 wlis 3 dekem-

bers sofel cxrukveTSi (saCxeris

mixako

wereTeli

(1878-1965)

mixako wereTeli

mixako wereTlis (1878-1965) damsaxureba

qarTuli da msoflio mecnierebis winaSe

1919-1921 w.w. – Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

erT-erTi pirveli profesori, asiriologiisa da

Zveli aRmosavleTis istoriis kaTedris gamge.

1924 w. – konstantinopolSi gamoqveynda `gilgameSis

eposis~ mixako wereTlis Targmani.

1921-1943 w.w. – briuselisa da berlinis universi-

tetebis profesori, asiriologiisa da qarTuli

enis kaTedris gamge.

1933 w. – mixako wereTeli Sifravs keliSinis

asurul-urartuli bilingvas, e.w. `keliSinis ste-

las~, riTac saTaves udebs urartologiis kvlevas

msoflioSi da imkvidrebs urartologiis patriarq-

is saxels.

1944-1965 w.w. – miunxenis universitetis profesori,

asiriologiisa da qarTuli enis kaTedri gamge.

1963 w – parizSi qveyndeba `vefxistyaosnis~ m. wer-

eTliseuli germanuli Targmani.

2010 w. – britaneTis (kembrijis) Zveli axlo aRmosav-

leTis msoflio kongresze mixako wereTeli dasaxel-

da msoflioSi `gilgameSis eposis~ mTargmnelTa

pirvel rigebSi (germanuli (1901), franguli (1907),

inglisuri (1917), qarTuli (1924)).

60

raioni, imereTi). ganaTleba man evropaSi

miiRo da parizis universitetis dasrulebis

Semdeg, 1905 wels, saqarTveloSi dabrunda da

daiwyo aqtiuri politikuri moRvaweoba. misi

erovnuli pozicia gamoixata ilias mkvlelo-

bis dReebSi. 1907 wlis 2 seqtembers `isarSi~

(`batonis~ fsevdonimiT) gamoqveynda weri-

li `kacia-adamiani?!~. 1907 wlis 7 seqtembers

ki m. wereTelma TbilisSi warmoTqva sityva,

romelmac grigol robaqiZis TqmiT, `Sinaga-

nad SeZra mTeli saqarTvelo~. es sityva man

Semdegi sityvebiT daasrula: `vaglax, bed-

Savo saqarTvelo! Sen ki, didebulo adamia-

no, iveriis tanjulo Zev, gvapative aq Sekre-

bil sruliad saqarTvelos, rom swored im

adgilas mogispo sicocxle Cvenma zneobiT

dacemam, sadac Sen gulamoskvnili stirodi

`bedsa qarTlisasa~, gvapative, rom Sens Sub-

ls tyvia varguneT wilad didebis gvirgvinis

magivrad, gvapative, rom Cven sataxto qalaq-

Si triumfis magivrad samgloviaro proce-

sia gagimarTeT! gvapative - es Seefereba Sens

didsulovnebas! iq, zeviT, poetTa mier Sem-

kul, mdumare mTawmindazed ganisvenebT,

Cvens mxcovan, tanjul istoriul dedaqalaq

Tbiliss rom batonobs idummalad! magram

vaglax Cven, rom `iqidan veRar gadmoxedav

Sens samSoblo mxaresa da tkbili WikWikiTa

veRar daatkbob miss aremares~, veRar ixilav

momavalSi Sens iversa, `feniqsebr ganaxle-

bulsa~, Tu momavalma es bedi kidev gvarguna,

magram awmyoSi mainc bednieri iqnebi – veRar

ixilav agreTve im siwiTles sircxvilisa, ro-

melic aw dacemulma iverma Wama Seni wamebiTa

da romlis Cirqsac igi didxans ver moibans~.

1910 wlidan iwyeba axali etapi m. wereTlis

cxovrebaSi. 30 wels gadacilebuli, igi poli-

tikur moRvaweobasTan erTad mecnierul

muSaobasac hkidebs xels, raSic biZgi eqvTime

TayaiSvilma misca. igi kvlav evropisaken mie-

Sureba – amjerad mecnieruli codnis misaRe-

bad Cadis londonSi da iwyebs asiriologiis

Seswavlas. swavlas igi haidelbergis univer-

sitetSi asrulebs.

gilgameSis eposi – asurul-babilonuri (daiwera aqaduri enis Zvelbabilonur dialeqtze Zv. w. III aTasw. II nax.) literaturis Zegli, dReisaTvis cnobilia, rogorc msoflio mwerlobis pirveli eTikur-filosofiuri xasiaTis eposi da pirveli literaturuli nawarmoebi. mas safuZvlad dae-do Zveli Sumeruli Tqmulebebi uruqis I dinas-tiis (Zv. w. III aTaswleulis dasawyisi, 28-e s.) mefis – gilgameSis – Sesaxeb. arsebobs xuTi Sumeruli Tqmuleba gilgameSze, romlebic warmoadgenen uruqis literaturuli tradiciis `gilgameS-is cikls~ da romlebsac mecnierebi gilgameSis Sumerul simRerebs uwodeben. q. uruqSi aseve arsebobda oTxi Sumeruli eposi, romlebic gil-gameSis mama lugalbandasa da papa enmerqarze (Sumeruli lursmuli damwerlobis gamomgone-beli) gadmogvcemda. eposebSi aRwerilia uruq-isa da Soreuli araTas qveynis dapirispireba. mecnerebaSi es upirvelesi oTxi eposi cnobilia `Sumer mefeTa eposebis~ saxeliT da ewodeba q. uruqis `araTas cikli~. swored aq iCens Tavs pir-velad kacobriobis literaturis istoriaSi epi-kuri Janris struqtura. `gilgameSis Sumeruli simRerebi~ da `araTas cikli~ daedo safuZvlad Zv. w. 24-23 saukuneTa mijnaze aqadur enaze daw-eril `gilgameSis eposs~, romelic Tavisi sruly-ofilebiT utoldeba homerosis poemebs. aRsani-Snavia, rom `gilgameSis eposis~ bolo (asuruli) versia Zv. w. VII saukuneSi gadaiwera da daculi iyo asureTis mefe aSurbanipalis biblioTekaSi. amrigad, `gilgameSis eposis~ saxiT Cven winaSea eposis 15-16 saukunovani tradicia. kvlevebis Se-degad dadgenilia, rom am eposs erTi avtori hya-vda, Tumca ZvelaRmosavluri tradiciiT avtori saxels ar werda da amdenad, misi saxeli arc Se-mogvrCa.

`gilgameSis eposi~ imTaviTve iTargmna ZvelaR-mosavlur enebze. arsebobs eposis xeTur da xuritul TargmanTa versiebi, SemorCenili mx-olod ramdenime dafaze. aseve arsebobs ramden-ime versia aqadur enaze. eposis dedaazria mego-broba gilgameSsa da velurobidan civilizebul adamianamde amaRlebul enqidus Soris, rac maT uZlevels xdis borotis damarcxebis gzaze. en-qidu bibliuri adamis prototipia, romelic, eposis mixedviT, RmerTebma adamis msgavsad Se-qmnes gilgameSis dauokebeli, damangreveli Za-lis dasabalanseblad. epikuri megobroba maRali zneobisaken ubiZgebs gilgameSs da bolos enqi-du Tavisi sikvdiliT sikvdil-sicocxlis azrze daafiqrebs mas. gilgameSis Semdgomi bedi dakav-Sirebulia sicocxlisa da ukvdavebis ZiebasTan, rac mas miiyvans uTnafiSTimTan – sayovelTao warRvnas gadarCenil erTaderT kacTan. bolos dabrZenebuli gilgameSi brundeba uruqSi. epos-Si CarTulia warRvnis Sumeruli eposi, romelic `aTraxasisis eposiTaa~ cnobili. warRvnis epizo-di, romelic warmoadgens `gilgameSis eposis~ XI dafas, sityvasityviT aris gadatanili bibliaSi. uT-nafiSTim, rac aqadurad iSifreba, rogorc `sicocxlis dRegrZeli~ aris bibliuri noes prototipi.

didi qarTvelebi

61

amave periodSi mixako wereTeli politikur moRvaweo-

basac eweva. igi wevria saqarTvelos damoukideblobis

komitetisa, romelic 1914 wels Camoyalibda osmaleTSi

(TurqeTSi). pirveli msoflio omiT Seqmnili viTareba m.

wereTels surs saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis ga-

moiyenos. am organizaciis wevrebi awarmoeben molapar-

akebas rogorc germaniis, ise TurqeTis mTavrobasaTan. m.

wereTeli am gziT orjer Camodis saqarTveloSi wyalqveSa

naviT. `wyalqveSa naviT saidumlod Camosvla saqarTvelo-

Si, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis monawile-

TaTvis iaraRis Camotana aris misi biografiaSi saocari

faqtebi, – wers valerian gamyreliZe Tavis mogonebebSi,

– foTis zemoT sanapiros moadga germanelTa wyalqveSa

navi, romelmac germaniaSi moqmedi `saqarTvelos ganTa-

visuflebis komitetis~ Tavmjdomare mixako wereTeli da

wevri surgulaZe (mgoni, petre) Camoiyvana germaniidan.

mixako wereTeli

mixeil wereTeli da mixeil kedia, foto aRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli bib-lioTekis cifruli biblioTeka `iverielis~ fotoarqividan.

axalgazrda mixeil (mixako) wer-eTeli

62

navma Semozida agreTve 2 600 germanuli samx-

edro Tofi da 500 pistoleti (`mauzeri~).

CamosulTa miReba da iaraRis Semotana da

gadazidva saWiro adgilebSi ganaxorciela

`saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis komitetis~

rwmunebulma dasavleT saqarTveloSi samson

ioTamis Ze gamyreliZem (Cvenma mamam), romel-

ic senakis momrigebel mosamarTled muSaob-

da. mas exmarebodnen axal-senakis mkvidri ax-

algazrdebi~.

amave periodSi germaniis mTavrobas

SeuTavazebia qarTvelebisaTvis wasuliyvnen

lozanaSi `erTa kavSiris~ mesame kongresze

dasaswrebad. 1916 wels am kongresze didi

STabeWdileba moaxdina m. wereTlis war-

moTqmulma sityvam, romelSic dasabuTebu-

li iyo ruseTis danaSaulebani saqarTvelos

mimarT vaxtang meeqvsidan moyolebuli. am si-

tyvam Turme rus damswreebsac Caagdebina ena.

1918 wels mixako wereTeli iyo saqarTve-

los diplomatiuri delegaciis wevri ber-

linSi. 1919 wels ki elCad iyo skandinaviis

qveynebSi. 1920 wels m. wereTeli iv. javaxiS-

vilis mowveviT ikavebs asiriologiisa da Zve-

li aRmosavleTis istoriis kaTedras axlad

daarsebul Tbilisis universitetSi. mas 1920

wlis maisSi profesorad irCeven, magram 1921

wels ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsia mas

aiZulebs datovos samSoblo.

m. wereTeli 1933 wlidan 1942 wlamde ber-

linis universitetSi moRvaweobs qarTu-

li enisa da mwerlobis kaTedraze. meore

msoflio omis dros, megobrebis TxovniT, m.

wereTeli kisrulobs germaniaSi qarTuli

erovnuli komitetis Tavmjdomareobas, sa-

dac Sediodnen agreTve zurab avaliSvili

da spiridon kedia. komiteti Rirseulad da

ukompromisod icavs saqarTvelos Svilebs,

magram mizans mainc ver aRwevs. amitomac

mixeili Slis komitets da Tavis TanamSrom-

lebTan erTad wyvets yovelgvar kavSirs ger-

maniis xelisuflebasTan. omis damTavrebis

istoria

mixako wereTlis mier germanul enaze Targmnili `vefxis tyaosani~, gamocemuli parizSi 1975 wels, 2013 wlis reprinti

`gilgameSis eposi~ gavrcelebuli iyo axlo aR-mosavleTSi rogorc aqaduri enis dialeqtebze, aseve xeTur da xuritul enebze. eposis sruly-ofil versias ki asureTis mefe aSurbanipalis nineviis biblioTekaSi daculi asuruli versia warmoadgens (Zv.w. VII s). `gilgameSis eposi~ Zv.w. VI saukuneSi daikarga, rodesac asureTis da babil-onis samefoebi aqemenidurma iranma gaanadgura da q. nineviis biblioTeka daiwva. eposis gamo-Zaxilma TiTqmis axali welTaRricxvis mijnamde moaRwia da kvlav aRmoCnda ukve me-19 saukuneSi, 1872 wels. dRemde SemorCenilia eposis 12 dafa, Tumca XII dafa damatebuli unda iyos gadamweris mier da warmoadgens erT-erT simReras `gilgame-Sis Sumeruli simRerebidan~, sadac gilgameSs saiqiodan amosuli enqidu qvesknelis ambebs ac-nobs. `gilgameSis eposis~ XI dafa (warRvnis epi-zodi) 1872 wels aRmoCnda britaneTis muzeumis lursmnuli damwerlobis Zeglebis koleqciaSi, xolo XIX saukunis bolosTvis ukve aRmoCenili iyo eposis sruli varianti. eposis pirveli Targ-mani Seasrula p. iensenma germanul enaze 1902 wels. 1907 w. frangulad Targmna e. dormim. 1917 wels – inglisurad s. lengdonma. 1924 wels qar-Tulad – m. wereTelma (Targmani Sesrulebulia 1913-1916 w.w., gamoqveynda 1924 w.). `gilgameSis eposi~ TiTqmis yvela evropul enaze iTargmna me-20 saukunis ormocdaaTiani wlebidan. rusulad Targmna 1963 wels i. diakonovma. rusulad mana-mde arsebobda gumiliovis Targmani, Sesrule-buli iyo dormis franguli Targmanidan. eposi naTargmnia zogierT aRmosavlur enazec. aRsani-Snavia, rom `gilgameSis eposi~ xelmeored Targm-na zurab kiknaZem 1963 wels.

didi qarTvelebi

63

Semdeg mixako wereTeli miunxenSi

gadadis, sadac sicocxlis bolom-

de rCeba da miunxenis universitet-

Si agrZelebs samecniero moRvaweo-

bas.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, 1924

wels konstantinopolSi (dRevan-

deli stamboli) ibeWdeba mixeil

wereTlis naTargmni `gilgameS-

iani~. es Zv. w. III aTaswleulis babi-

lonuri eposi, romelic kacobri-

obis pirvel eposad aris miCneuli,

mixako wereTlisTvis organuli

nawili iyo `vefxistyaosnisa~ (amas

mecnieri da mTargmneli Tavadve

aRniSnavda). Targmani `gilgameS-

ianisa~, romelic mixako wereTel-

ma britaneTis muzeumSi dacul

lursmuli firfitebidan Seasru-

la, sxva evropel mTargmnelTa-

gan gansxvavebiT, gajerebuli iyo

`vefxistyaosnis~ – didi eposis

(anu `gilgameSis~) aseve didi mem-

kvidreobis (anu `vefxistyaosnis~)

codniT. `vefxistyaosans~ ki mixako

wereTeli siyrmidanve swavlobda.

mixako wereTelma mTeli cxovre-

ba Sealia `vefxistyaosnis~ kvlevas

– dawminda, Seavso da daadgina po-

emis teqsti da Tavisive damuSave-

buli qarTuli teqsti germanul

enaze gadaTargmna. es Targmani pir-

velad 1963 wels gamoqveynda pariz-

Si, nino salias redaqciiT. mixako

wereTlis ocneba, rom gamocemuli-

yo misi naSromebi `vefxistyaosnis~

Sesaxeb, nawilobriv axda: `imedi

maqvs sicocxleSi vixilo `Cemi~

`vefxis-tyaosani~, dabeWdili misi

germanuli TargmaniT. es iqneba ZR-

veni didi qarTveli geniosisadmi

saiubileod, miZRvnili im qarT-

velisagan, romlis saxlSi `vefx-

mixako wereTeli

64

is-tyaosani~ qalma da kacma zepirad icoda

da romelmac jer wera-kiTxvac ar icoda kar-

gad, magram `vefxis-tyaosnis~ Tavebs ki zepi-

rad etyoda stumrebs maT Sesaqcevad, ZRveni

`vefxis-tyaosnis~ ara specialistisa, xolo

siyrmiTgan moxucebamde nazardi siyvaruli-

sa am ukvdavi qmnilebisaTvis~, – wers igi Ta-

vis naSromSi `mcire ram vefxistyaosnis Ses-

axeb~.

1975 wels parizSi xelmeored gamoica mix-

ako wereTlis `vefxistyaosnis~ germanuli

Targmani – amjerad srulyofili komentar-

ebiT, romlis reprinti 2013 wels gamosca

Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemlobam.

2014 wlis bolosTvis igegmeba `vefxistyaos-

nis~ m. wereTliseuli germanuli Targmanis fundamenturi gamocema, romelsac

darTuli eqneba mis mierve dadgenili `vefxistyaosnis~ qarTuli versia.

mixako wereTels ekuTvnis `sibrZne-sicruisas~ Targmani germanul da frangul

enebze, romelic jerjerobiT saqarTvelosTvis ucnobia.

miuxedavad mniSvnelovani mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobisa, mixako wereTelma

msoflio mecnierebaSi saxeli Tavisi urartologiuri kvlevebiT daimkvidra.

1928 wels haidelbergis mecnierebaTa akademiam gamoaqveyna mixako wereTlis

pirveli urartologiuri naSromi saxelwodebiT: `urartus mefis sarduris axali

xalduri warweris Sesaxeb. xalduri enis gaSifvris cda~. naSromis SesavalSi mkv-

levari mokrZalebiT aRniSnavs,

rom `am xalduri teqstis Targma-

ni aris mxolod cda~ urartuli

enis (maSin am enas xaldurad moix-

seniebdnen) sityvebisa da gramati-

kuli formebis zusti mniSvnelo-

bebis amocnobisao. mis sasaxelod

unda iTqvas, rom es amocana man

pirvelsave cdaze brwyinvaled

SeZlo.

mixako wereTlis kvleva-Zieba-

Si umniSvnelovanesi iyo is gare-

moeba, rom pirvelad mxolod

maSin dadginda, rom sintaqsuri

TvalsazrisiT urartuli ena, qa-

rTveluri enebis msgavsad, erga-

tiuli konstruqciis enaTa rigs

asiriologia – mecnierebis dargi, romelic Seiswavlis im ZvelaRmosavlur enebsa da civ-ilizaciebs, romlebic lursmul (silabur) damwerlobas iyenebdnen. asiriologia farTo gagebiT Seiswavlis Sumeris, babilonis, asure-Tis, xuri-miTanis, xeTebis, urartus, Zveli iranis enebsa da civilizaciebs. viwro gage-biT Seiswavlis mxolod Suamdinarul civili-zaciebs – Sumers, babilonsa da asuruTs.

dargi daibada 1856 wels evropaSi, rodesac miiCnies, rom gaSifruli iyo lursmuli dam-werloba. dRemde arsebobs mxolod msofli-os elitarul universitetebSi. postsabWoTa sivrceSi – mxolod peterburgisa da Tbili-sis universitetebSi. asiriologia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi erT-erTi pir-veli dargi iyo – ivane javaxiSvilma mixako wereTelTan erTad, 1919 w. axladSeqmnil uni-versitetSi daaarsa `asiriologiisa da Zveli aRmosavleTis istoriis~ kaTedra.

didi qarTvelebi

rulsmuri damwerlobis nimuSi

65

ganekuTvneboda*. mogvianebiT isic gairk-

va, rom am tipisaa zogierTi sxva ZvelaR-

mosavluri enac – Sumeruli, elamuri da

urartulis monaTesave xuritulic.

1933 wels parizSi msoflioSi cnobil

JurnalSi `revue d'assyriologie~ (gamodis

parizSi 1884 wlidan da erTaderTi qarT-

veli mecnieri, romelic odesme am Jur-

nalSi dabeWdila, gaxlavT mixako wereTe-

li) gamoqveynda mixako wereTlis msoflio

mniSvnelobis naSromi `keliSinis stela~.

es gaxlavT Zv.w. IX saukunis asurul-urar-

tuli lursmuli teqsti, romelic mixako

wereTelma gaSifra. isic unda iTqvas, rom

manamde am stelis gaSifvraze araerTi ev-

ropeli mecnieri muSaobda. mixako wereTl-

iseuli midgoma urartuli teqstisadmi

gasaRebi aRmoCnda urartologiis mkvle-

varTaTvis. `keliSinis bilingvis~ teqstis wakiTxvis principiT man daadgina urar-

tuli enis gramatikis manamde bundovani sakiTxebi. amave principiT 1933-1959 ww.-Si

mixako wereTelma srulyofilad gaSifra da lursmuli teqstebiT, transliter-

aciiTa da TargmaniT gamoaqveyna urartul teqstTa korpusi. msoflio mecniere-

ba mixako wereTels urartologiis patriarqad miiCnevs. xmamaRali gancxadeba ar

iqneba, Tu mis wvlils urartologiaSi fransua Sampolionisas SevadarebT egvip-

tologiaSi, romelmac yvelasTvis kargad cnobili rozetis qvis gaSifvriT safuZ-

veli Cauyara egviptologiis kvlevas msoflioSi.

mixako wereTlis miRwevebi urartologiaSi gansakuTrebiT mtkivneuli aRmoCn-

da sabWoTa xelisuflebisTvis. ramdenadac urartuli da asuruli lursmuli

teqstebi saqarTvelos istoriis uZveles werilobiT wyaroebs warmoadgenen, im

werilobiT wyaroebs, saidanac saTaves iRebs Cveni qveynis uZvelesi istoria. Se-

sabamisad, am uZveles, ZvelaRmosavlur werilobiT wyaroebSi ganisazRvreba ro-

gorc qarTveluri tomobrivi gaerTianebebis, aseve kavkasiis sxva eTnosTa teri-

toriuli da eTnikuri sakiTxebi. Sesabamisad, mixako wereTlis, rogorc msoflio

masStabis urartologis, devnam kidev ufro mwvave xasiaTi miiRo. sabWoTa xeli-

suflebis mxridan mis winaaRmdeg brZola grZeldeboda yvelanairi meTodiT. mi-

zani ki erTi iyo – mixako wereTels msoflio mniSvnelobis samecniero naSromebs

qarTul mecnierebaSi ar unda SemoeRwia. Sesabamisad, mTeli aqcenti mis politi-

kur moRvaweobaze iyo gadatanili. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos istoriaSi am

mxrivac gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia mixako wereTels. am udidesma mecnierma

mTeli cxovreba saqarTvelosTvis brZolas Sealia. mixako wereTelma samSoblos

mixako wereTeli

* ergatiuli konstruqciis ena ewodeba iseT enebs, sadac qvemdebares aqvs moTxrobiTi brunva, anu laTinurad e.w. ergative.

* oberleitenanti oTar wereTeli dasavleTis frontze erT-erTi brZolis dros tankSi daiwva.

66

siyvaruls Seswira mTeli cxovreba, aseve erTaderTi Svili, rome-

lic Tan gahyva emigraciaSi da 1945 wels II msoflio omSi daeRupa.*

mixako wereTelma darCenili cxovreba samSoblodan Sors, srul

martoobaSi gaatara.

emigraciaSi myofi m. wereTlis mZime sulieri mdgomareobis ga-

moxatulebaa misi werilebi, sadac usazRvro sevda ikiTxeba.

erT-erT werilSi igi Tavis Zmiswuls, babo wereTels swers: `mom-

were, Tu mosaxerxebelia SenTvis: cxrukveTSi Cveni qoxi isev sdgas

Tu ara da vis ekuTvnis? iq rom kaklis xeebi iyo, ori didi, isev dga-

nan Tu gaxmen da moWres? mixako, 24.II. 1960.~

aseve SemorCenilia m. wereTlis baraTebi meuRlisadmi – mariam

vaxvaxiSvilisadmi. igi didis mwuxarebiT amcnobs mas maTi erTader-

Ti Svilis, oTaris, omSi daRupvis ambavs: `1944 wels oTari gaiwvies

jarSi, cota xnis Semdeg unda Camosuliyo da jvari daewera. magram

misi nawilebi moxvdnen brZolebSi da pirvel marts, 1945 wels, es

nawilebi sruliad daiRupa. jvardauwerelma misma colma Sva qali, romelsac Seni

saxeli davarqviT, magram is dedis gvarze Caweres da mec wamerTva yoveli ufleba

Cems SvilisSvilzed, ase, maro wereTeli jer iyo vindi (dedis gvariT) da mere gaxda

regenfus-ad (maminacvlis gvariT). qarTuli man ar icis, me kviraSi erTxel vxedav,

ise ki icis, vin aris da sadauri... Seni mixako. 1959 weli, 25 maisi, miunxeni~.

am tragikuli faqtis Sesaxeb mixako wereTeli wers babo wereTelsac: `mixede

xolme xandaxan Cems sacodav dedabers – bicolaSens maros. aRaravin darCenia sxva

im ubedurs am qveyanazed. mgoni, kacis mkvleloba Cavidine, rom Sevatyobine misi

ubedureba. ra unda meqna? megona masac unda daetirebina misi Svili, rodemde unda

meTqva tyuili? Seni ubeduri biZia mixako~.

am dros m. wereTeli Sefarebuli iyo hazelbekebis ojaxSi, romelTac igi didi

madlierebiTa da siyvaruliT ixseniebs Tavis werilebSi. mas eZleva patara pensia,

romelic, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs, hyofnis.

1965 wlis 2 marts mixako wereTeli gardaicvala miunxenis erT-erT klinikaSi.

kalistrate salias werili, miwerili mixako wereTlis meuRlis, mariam vaxvax-

iSvilsaTvis: `krematoriumSi didZali sazogadoeba movida. gamoTxoveba lamazad

moxda. xelmZRvanelobda Cemi megobari niko nakaSiZe. anderZis mixedviT sityvebi

ar iyo, mxolod nikom mokle biografia gaacno damswreT gansvenebulisa. samZimari

miviReT oTxma: mixakos SviliSvilma, nikom [nakaSiZe] , aleqsandre nikuraZem da me.

ferfli droebiT miunxenSi darCeba. ori wlis winaT mixakom iTxova misi ferflis

saqarTveloSi gadagzavna. Tu mandedan nebarTva miviReT, Cven SevasrulebT mixakos

Txovnas~.

niko nakaSiZis werili babo wereTels, daTariRebuli 1965 wlis 3 martiT: `RamiT,

mixako wereTeli meuRlesTan mariam vax-vaxiSvilTan erTad

didi qarTvelebi

* oberleitenanti oTar wereTeli dasavleTis frontze erT-erTi brZolis dros tankSi daiwva.

67

pirvel marts, gardaicvala Tqveni biZa mix-

eil (mixako) wereTeli. dasaflaveba – SabaTs,

6 marts, dilis 11 saaTze miunxenSi. Tanax-

mad gansvenebulis anderZisa, mas daswvaven.

saneSte urna (spilenZis) Semdeg gadatanil

iqneba parizSi qarTvelTa sasaflaoze da iq

mibarebuli. gansvenebulis survili iyo misi

neSti mibareboda mSobliur miwas mis sayva-

rel cxrukveTSi. urnis gadatana saqarTve-

loSi ar iqneba Zneli saqme. parizSi xSirad

Camodian maqedgan mecnierebi Tu turistebi.

niko nakaSiZe, Tavmjdomare qarTuli saTvi-

stomosi germaniis federaciul respublika-

Si~. mixako wereTlis anderZis Tanaxmad, misi

arqivi nino da kalistrate saliebs gadaeca,

xolo samecniero naSromebi dakarguli aR-

moCnda saqarTvelosTvis.

amrigad, mixako wereTeli iyo erT-erTi udidesi qarTveli mecnieri

da sazogado moRvawe, romelic mTeli Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze em-

saxureboda qarTul saqmes. is werda germanul, frangul, inglisur,

italiur da qarTul enebze da Tavis naSromebs evropaSi aqveynebda. is acnobda

mTel msoflios qarTveli eris istorias, mis enas, mis mniSvnelobas. komunisturi

warsulis damsaxurebiT mixako wereTlis saxeli da moRvaweoba wlebis manZilze

iyo dafaruli saqarTvelosTvis da mxolod am bolo dros gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom

es saunje nel-nela daubrundes saqarTvelos da emsaxuros qarTuli mecnierebis

did saqmes.

mixako wereTeli

Tixis dafa `gil-gameSis~ teqstiT