35414819 mach den giao thong

8/2/2019 35414819 Mach Den Giao Thong

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n mn hc 1 Mch n giao thng ti ng t c u tin

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA IN IN T VIN THNG

NGNH IN T VIN THNG

****************

N MN HC I

GVHD: NGUYN QUNH ANHSV THC HIN:

TRN VN PHT

NGUYN TN PHT

ti:

- Thit k mch n giao thng ti ng t c u tin dng IC AT89C51 hot ng theo

thi gian nh, iu khin n giao thng ti ng t giao nhau gia 1 ng u tinv 1 ng khng u tin c cc ch hot ng:

+ Gi bnh thng:Thi gian n xanh 2 ng bng nhau.+ Gi cao im(6h,7h,11h,12h,16h,17h v18h): Thi gian n xanh ng u

tin di hn thi gian n xanh ng khng u tin.

+Hin th led 7 on m ngc thi gian 2 ng ng v hin th gi ,pht.

+Nt nhn iu khin thi gian hot ng theo ch .

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngy 07 thng 05 nm 2010

GVHD: C Nguyn Qunh Anh Trang 1


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LI CM N

- Li u tin chng em xin chn thnh cm ncNguyn Qunh Anh cng qu thy c b mn khoa

in-in T Vin Thng Trng i Hc Giao Thng

Vn Ti Thnh Ph H Ch Minh.- Trong qu trnh thc hin n nhm chng

em gp khng t kh khn v thiu st Nhng c shng dn v ch dy nhit tnh ca qu thy c gipchng em khc phc c nhng thiu st v c thhon thnh c ti ng thi hn, gip chng emhc tt hn.

- Do kin thc ca nhm chng em cn hn chnn trong n cn nhiu sai xt chng em rt mongc s thng cm ca qu thy c. Chng Em xinchn thnh cm n.

TP HCM, thng 05 nm 2010

SV thc hin:

Trn Vn Pht

Nguyn Tn Pht


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PHN 1: NHN XT CA GIO VIN

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

NHN XT CA GIO VIN:

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im nh gi

TP. HCM,ngy 07 thng 05 nm 2010Gio vin hng dn



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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

NHN XT CA GIO VIN:

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im nh gi

TP. HCM,ngy 07 thng 05 nm 2010Gio vin phn bin



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PHN 2: LI NI U

Ngy nay, khi nim k thut s tr thnh quen thuc vi nhiu ngi, bi vs pht trin ca ngnh k thut s ny c nh hng rt ln n ngnh kinh t toncu. C ngi nu ln tng gi nn kinh t ca thi i chng ta l nn kinh t kthut s , s ha gn nh vt khi ranh gii ca mt thut ng k thut . Nh cu im ca x l s nh tin cy trong truyn dn, tnh a thch nghi v kinh t canhiu phn mm khc nhau, tnh tin li trong iu khin v khai thc mng.

S ha ang l xu hng pht trin tt yu ca nhiu lnh vc k thut v kinh tkhc nhau. Khng ch trong lnh vc thng tin lin lc v tin hc. Ngy nay, k tht s v ang thm nhp mnh m vo K thut in t, iu khin t ng, pht thanh truyn

hnh, y t, nng nghipv ngay c trong cc dng c sinh hot gia nh.

Ngay t nhng ngy u khai sinh, k thut s ni ring v ngnh in t nichung to ra nhiu bc t ph mi m cho cc ngng kinh t khc v cn m boc yu cu ca ngi dng c v cht lng v dch v. ng thi kin thc v kthut s l khng th thiu i vi mi sinh vin, nht l sinh vin in t.

V nh mi ngi nhn thy rng, ngy nay trt t giao thng nc ta ang riren. V vy vic s dng n giao thng ti nhng giao l l rt cn thit v hiu rhn v nguyn l hot ng v mun pht trin thm v m hnh ny, em chn ti

cho n mn hc 1 l nghin cu v n Giao Thng .

Ni dung chnh ca bi bo co c chia thnh cc phn chnh sau:

Li ni u.

Phn mt: Phn tch v yu cu ca n v cc gii php ara thc hin.

Phn hai: Gii thiu cc linh kin v cch s dng ca tng linhkin, c bit v IC lp trnh 89C51.

Phn ba: Qu trnh thc hin m phng v cc gii thut a rathc hin. Phn bn: Mch cng thc hin v cc hnh nh thc t ca mch. Phn nm: Kt lun v cc hng pht trin hon thin ti.

Trong qu trnh thc hin ti c th khng trnh c cc thiu st v mc hon thnh ti, mong qu thy c xem xt v c th a ra nhn xt chng em c



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th khc phc c nhng thiu st v c th hon thin cng nh m rng ti sauny.

---------------------------------- -----------------------------------



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PHN 3: QU TRNH THC HIN

CHNG 1: GII THIU

I/ Gii thiu ti:

1/ Cc ch hot ng trong ngy: (gi cao im, gi thp im, hin th thi gian cacc ch ln led 7 on.)

Gi cao im: n xanh ng u tin di hn ng khng u tin.

Gi thp im: n xanh 2 ng bng nhau.

C 8 led 7 on:

4 led hin th m ngc thi gian 2 ng ng.

4 led hin th thi gian hot ng (2 led hin th gi, 2 led hin th pht).

H thng led n hin th cho cc n xanh, n vng, n ti cc ng t thc.

Giao tip ca vi x l nhn bit thi gian ca IC t ng chuyn theo ch trong ngy.

H thng nt nhn: gm 3 nt 1 nt mode chuyn ch .

1 nt tng thi gian.

1 nt gim thi gian.

2/ Cc linh kin s dng:

Vi x l AT89C51.

Hin th: Cc led 7 on (anode chung), cc led n xanh, vng, .

Cc transistor A1015(PNP), khuych i v iu khin.

Nt nhn iu khin.

in tr thanh v cc in tr cn dng.



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II/ NG DNG:

Mt ng dng c bn ca mch n giao thng ngy nay l gii quyt vn nnkt xe, ang din ra hng ngy trong cc tnh thnh c mt dn s ln nh thnh phh ch minh m cc nh chc nng ang phi u u hin nay.

CHNG 2: LINH KIN V IC LIN QUAN

I/ Gii thiu cc thng s IC thc hin :

1/ Vi iu khin AT89C51.

1.1/ Gii thiu.

AT89C51 l vi iu khin do hng Intel sn xut,ch to theo cng ngh

CMOS. C cc c tnh sau: 4 KB EPROM (Flash Erasable and Programmable Read Only

Memory), c kh nng ti 1000 chu k ghi/xo

Tn s hot ng t: 0Hz n 24 MHz

C 3 mc kha b nh lp trnh

128 Byte RAM ni.

4 Port xut /nhp I/O 8 bit.

2 b Timer/counter 16 Bit.

6 ngun ngt.

Giao tip ni tip iu khin bng phn cng.

64 KB vng nh m ngoi

64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi.

Cho php x l bit.

210 v tr nh c th nh v bit.

4 chu k my (4 s i vi thch anh 12MHz) cho hot ng nhnhoc chia.



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C cc ch ngh (Low-power Idle) v ch ngun gim (Power-down). Ngoi ra, mt s IC khc ca h MCS-51 c thm b nhthi th 3 v 256 byte RAM ni.

1.2/ S khi ca 89c51.

1.3/ S cc chn 89c51 v chc nng tng chn.

1.3.1/ S chn 89c51.



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1.3.2/ Chc nng tng chn.

Port 0: l port hai chcnng cc chn 32 n39 ca AT89C51:

Chc nng IO(xut / nhp):dng cho cc thit

k nh (khngdng b nh ngoi ). i vicc thit k lnvi b nh ngoi,port 0 c dnknh gia bus dliu (D0: D7) vbyte thp ca bus

a ch (A0:A7).

Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 0 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .

Chc nng a ch / d liu a hp: khi dng cc thit k ln, ihi phi s dng b nh ngoi th Port 0 va l bus d liu (8 bit)va l bus a ch (8 bit thp).



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Ngoi ra khi lp trnh cho AT89C51, Port 0 cn dng nhn mkhi lp trnh v xut m khi kim tra (qu trnh kim tra i hi phic in tr ko ln).

Port1(chn 1 8):ch c mt chc nng l I/O, khng dng cho mcch khc (ch trong 8032/8052/8952 th dng thm P1.0 v P1.1 cho bnh thi th 3). Ti Port 1 c in tr ko ln nn khng cn thm intr ngoi.

Port 1 c kh nng ko c 4 ng TTL v cn dng lm 8 bit ach thp trong qu trnh lp trnh hay kim tra.

Port 2 (chn 21 28)l port c 2 chc nng:

Chc nng IO (xut / nhp)

Chc nng a ch: dng lm 8 bit a ch cao khi cn b nh ngoic a ch 16 bit. Khi , Port 2 khng c dng cho mc ch I/O.

Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 2 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .

Khi lp trnh, Port 2 dng lm 8 bit a ch cao hay mt s tn hiuiu khin.

Port 3 (chn 10 17):l port c 2 chc nng:

Chc nng I/O.

Chc nng khc: ta c bng chc nng ca tng chn sau:

Bit Tn Chc nngP3.0 RxD Ng vo port ni tipP3.1 TxD Ng ra port ni tipP3.2 INT0 Ngt ngoi 0P3.3 INT1 Ngt ngoi 1P3.4 T0 Ng vo ca b nh thi 0P3.5 T1 Ng vo ca b nh thi 1

P3.6 WR Tn hiu iu khin ghi d liu ln b nh

ngoi.P3.7 RD Tn hiu iu khin c t b nh d liu



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ngoi.

Ngun:

Chn 40: VCC = 5V 20%

Chn 20: GND

PSEN (Program Store Enable):

PSEN (chn 29) cho php c b nh chng trnh m rng i vicc ng dng s dng ROM ngoi, thng c ni n chn OC(Output Control) ca ROM c cc byte m lnh. PSEN s

mc logic 0 trong thi gian AT89C51 ly lnh. Trong qu trnh ny,PSEN s tch cc 2 ln trong 1 chu k my.

M lnh ca chng trnh c c t ROM thng qua bus d liu(Port0) v bus a ch (Port0 + Port2).

Khi 8951 thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni, PSEN s mclogic 1.

ALE/PROG (Address Latch Enable / Program):

ALE/PROG (chn 30) cho php tch cc ng a ch v d liuti Port 0 khi truy xut b nh ngoi. ALE thng ni vi chnClock ca IC cht (74373, 74573).

Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trnchip v c th c dng lm tn hiu clock cho cc phn khc cah thng.

Xung ny c th cm bng cch set bit 0 ca SFR ti a ch 8Eh ln

1. Khi , ALE ch c tc dng khi dng lnh MOVX hay MOVC.Ngoi ra, chn ny cn c dng lm ng vo xung lp trnh choROM ni ( PROG).

EA /VPP (External Access) :



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EA (chn 31) dng cho php thc thi chng trnh t ROMngoi. Khi ni chn 31 vi Vcc, AT89C51 s thc thi chng trnht ROM ni (ti a 8KB), ngc li th thc thi t ROM ngoi (tia 64KB).

Ngoi ra, chn EA c ly lm chn cp ngun 12V khi lp trnhcho ROM.

RST (Reset):

RST (chn 9) cho php resetAT89C51 khi ng vo tn hiu aln mc 1 trong t nht l 2 chu kmy.

XTAL1,XTAL2:

Ng vo v ng ra b dao ng, khi s dng c th ch cn kt nithm thch anh v cc t nh hnh v trong s . Tn s thch anh

thng s dng cho AT89C51 l 12Mhz.

Chu k my (TM) = 1 / (fOSC/12) = 12 / fOSC

Nu tn s thch anh l 12Mhz th s chu k my bng 1us.



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1.4/ Cc thanh ghi c bit ca 89C51 (SFR Special Function Registers).

1.4.1/ Thanh ghi tch lu (Accumulator):

Thanh ghi tch lu l thanh ghi s dng nhiu nht trong AT89C51, c k hiutrong cu lnh l A. Ngoi ra, trong cc lnh x l bit, thanh ghi tch lu c k hiu lACC.

1.4.2/ Thanh ghi B:

Thanh ghi tch lu c th truy xut trc tip thng qua a ch E0H (byte) hay truyxut tng bit thng qua a ch bit t E0H n E7H.

1.4.3/ Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh (PSW - Program Status Word)Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh PSW nm ti a ch D0H v c cc a ch

bit t D0H D7H, bao gm 7 bit (1 bit khng s dng) c cc chc nng nh sau:

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Chcnng

CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV - P

CY (Carry): c nh, thng c dng cho cc lnh ton hc (C = 1 khi c nhtrong php cng hay mn trong php tr).

AC (Auxiliary Carry): c nh ph (thng dng cho cc php ton BCD).

F0 (Flag 0): c s dng tu theo yu cu ca ngi s dng.



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RS1, RS0: dng chn bank thanh ghi s dng. Khi reset h thng, bank 0 sc s dng.

Chn bank thanh ghi:

RS1 RS0 BANK THANH GHI0 0 BANK 00 1 BANK 11 0 BANK 21 1 BANK 3

OV (Overflow): c trn. C OV = 1 khi c hin tng trn s hc xy ra (dngcho s nguyn c du).

P (Parity): kim tra parity (chn). C P = 1 khi tng s bit 1 trong thanh ghi A ls l (ngha l tng s bit 1 ca thanh ghi A cng thm c P l s chn).

V d nh: A = 10101010b c tng cng 4 bit 1 nn P = 0. C P thng cdng kim tra li truyn d liu.

1.4.4/ Thanh ghi con tr stack (SP Stack Pointer)

Con tr stack SP nm ti a ch 81h v khng cho php nh a ch bit. SP dng ch n nh ca stack. Stack l mt dng b nh lu tr dng LIFO (Last In First Out)

thng dng lu tr a ch tr v khi gi mt chng trnh con. Ngoi ra, stack cn dngnh b nh tm lu li v khi phc cc gi tr cn thit.

i vi AT89C51, stack c cha trong RAM ni (128 byte i vi 8031/8051hay 256 byte i vi 8032/8052). Mc nh khi khi ng, gi tr ca SP l 07h, ngha lstack bt u t a ch 08h (do hot ng lu gi tr vo stack yu cu phi tng nidung thanh ghi SP trc khi lu.

1.4.5/ Con tr d liu DPTR (Data Pointer)

Con tr d liu DPTR l thanh ghi 16 bit bao gm 2 thanh ghi 8 bit: DPH (High)nm ti a ch 83h v DPL (Low) nm ti a ch 82h. Cc thanh ghi ny khng chophp nh a ch bit. DPTR c dng khi truy xut n b nh c a ch 16 bit.

1.4.6/ Cc thanh ghi Port:

Gm 4 thanh ghi tng ng vi 4 port:



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P0Port 0 : a ch 80H n da ch 87H.

P1 Port 1 : a ch 90H n a ch 97H.

P2 Port 2 : a ch A0H n a ch A7H.

P3 Port 3 : a ch B0H n a ch B7H.

Nu truy sut Port ta truy sut cc thanh ghi Port tng ng. Cc thanh ghi nyc nh a ch tng Bit.

1.4.7/ Cc thanh ghi b nh thi (Timer):

89c51 c hai thanh ghi b nh thi/m 16 bit c dng cho nh thi hoc ms kin.

+ Thanh ghi ch nh thi (TMOD):

Khng c nh a ch bit.

Dng nh ch hot ng cho TIMER.

Chc nng tng bit.

+ M1,M0 :Chn ch hot ng

M1 M0 CH (MODE)0 0 00 1 11 0 2

1 1 3

+T/C :Bit chn chc nng m hoc nh thi cho TIMER.

+GATE: Bit iu khin cng cho b nh thi.

+ Thanh ghi iu khin nh thi (TCON):



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Cha cc bit iu khin v trng thi ca Timer 0, 1 4 bit cao, 4 bit thp cdng cho chc nng ngt (interrupt).

Chc nng tng bit:

+TF x: c trn ca Timer x (x l 0 hoc 1).

+TR0: khng cho php Timer chy.

+TR1: cho php Timer chy.

1.4.8/Cc thanh ghi port ni tip (Serial port) :

Thanh ghi SBUF (Serial Buffer):

+ a ch 99H l b m nhp/xut ni tip, khi xut d liu th ghi ln

SBUF, khi nhp d liu th c t SBUF.+ Cc ch hot ng khc nhau ca port ni tip c lp trnh thng quathanh ghi iu khin port ni tip SCON (Serial Control) a ch 98H. y lthanh ghi c a ch tng bit.

Thanh ghi iu khin port ni tip SCON:

+ a ch 99H.

+ nh a ch bit.

+ Chc nng cc bit.

*SM0, SM1: chn ch hot ng ca port ni tip.



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SM0 SM1 Ch (Mode) M t

0 0 0 Thanh ghi dch.0 1 1 UART 8 bit tc thay i1 0 2 UART 9 bit tc c nh.

1 1 3 UART 9 bit tc thay i.

* SM2: chn ch hot ng ca port ni tip.

SM2 = 1: cho php truyn thng a x l cc ch 2 v 3; bit RI s khngc tch cc nu bit th 9 nhn c l 0.

*REN: bit cho php thu.

REN = 1: cho php thu.

REN = 0: khng cho php thu.

*TB8:bit pht th 9 ( ch 2 v 3), c th t v xa bng phn mm.

* RB8:bit thu th 9 ( ch 2 v 3), c th t v xa bng phn mm.

1.4.9/ Cc Thanh Ghi Ngt (Interrupt):

8031/8051 c 5 ngun ngt:

+ 2 ngt ngoi: ngt ngoi 0: qua chn INT0 (P3.2)ngt ngoi 1: qua chn INT1 (P3.3)

+ 3 ngt trrong: ngt timer 0, ngt timer 1, ngt port ni tip.

* Cac thanh ghi lien quan en ngat :

- Thanh ghi cho phep ngat IE (Interrupt Enable):

+c nh a ch bit.

+ Chc nang tng bit:



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EA: cho phep toan bo.

ET2: cho phep ngat timer 2 (neu co).

ES: cho phep ngat port noi tiep.

ET1: cho phep ngat timer 1.

EX1: cho phep ngat ngoai 1.

ET0: cho phep ngat timer 0

EX0: cho phep ngat ngoai 0.

+e cho phep 1 nguon ngat, can phai co: EA = 1.

+ Bit cho phep ngat tng ng bang 1.-Thanh ghi u tien ngat IP (Interrupt Priority):

c nh a ch bit.

+Bit = 1: mc u tien cao

+Bit = 0: mc u tien thap

+ Mac nhien sau khi reset, tat ca cac ngat mc u tienthap.

+Neu 2 ngat vi mc u tien khac nhau xuat hien ongthi, ngat co mc u tien cao se c phuc vu trc. ongthi, ngat co mc u tien cao cung co the tam dng chngtrnh phuc vu ngat cua ngat co mc u tien thap.

+Neu cac ngat co cung mc u tien xuat hien ongthi, viec xac nh ngat nao c phuc vu trc se theo tht: ngt ngoai 0, ngt timer 0, ngt ngoai 1,ngt timer 1,ngt portnoi tiep,ngt timer 2 (oi vi 8032/8052).

- Thanh ghi TCON:



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nh a ch bit.

Chc nang cac bit lien quan en ngat (interrupt):

+ IEx: c ngat ngoai x (IEx = 1 tao ngat ngoai x).

+ ITx: bit xac nh loai tac ong ngat ngoai x :

ITx = 0 : tac ong mc 0.

ITx = 1 : tac ong canh xuong (thng dung).- Thanh ghi ieu khien nguon PCON (Power Control) :

Khong c nh a ch tng bit.

Cha cac bit ieu khien nh sau:

SMOD - - GF1 GF0 PD IDL+ SMOD:bit tang gap oi toc o baud cua port noi tiep

neu c at (SMOD = 1).

+GF1, GF0: cac bit c a dung.

+PD: thiet lap che o nguon giam khi c at, chthoat khi reset.

+ IDL: thiet lap che o nguon ngh khi c at, chthoat neu co ngat hoac reset.

* Che o nguon giam (PD =1): can c 2V

+ Mach dao ong tren chip ngng hoat ong.

+ Moi chc nang ngng hoat ong.

+ Noi dung cac RAM tren chip c duy tr.

+ Cac chan port c duy tr mc logic cua chung.



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+ ALE va PSENc gi mc thap.

* Che o ngh (IDL = 1)

+ Tn hieu clock noi khoa khong cho en CPU nhng khong

khoa oi vi cac chc nang ngat, nh thi va port noitiep.

+ Noi dung cua tat ca cac thanh ghi c duy tr.

+ ALE va PSEN c gi mc cao.

1.4.10/ hot ng reset:

thc hin reset, cn phi tc ng mc cao ti chn RST (chn 9) caAT89C51 t nht 2 chu k my. S mch reset c th m t nh sau:

Trng thi ca tt c cc thanh ghi trong 89c51 sau khi Reset h thng c tmtt nh sau:

Thanh ghi Ni dung

m chng trnh PC

Thanh ghi tch ly A

Thanh ghi B

Thanh ghi trng thi PSW

SP

0000H

00H

00H

00H

07H



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DPTR

Port 0 n Port 3

IP

IE

Cc thanh ghi nh thi

SCON

SBUF

PCON( MHOS)

PCON (CMOS)

000H

FFH

XXX0 0000 B

0XX0 0000B

00H

00H

00H

0XXX XXXXH

0XXX 0000 B

Thanh ghi quan trng nht l thanh ghi b m chng trnh PC c Reset tia ch 0000H.Khi ng vo RST xung mc thp, chng trnh lun bt u ti a ch0000H ca b nh chng trnh. Ni dung ca RAM trn chip khng b thay i bi tcng ca ng vo Reset.

2/ Transistor iu khin v khuych i: A1015:

2.1/ S chn A1015:



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2.2/ M phng BJT:

+Transistor c s dng ch bo ha.

+Ta s dng cc B ca transistor iu khin cc linhkin.

+Nu dng Ib=0 th Vbe b phn cc ngc dn n

transistor b phn cc ngc tt.

3/ Led 7 on ( 7 segment):dng cn thit led sng : ti thiu l 10mA.

* S cu to chn ca led:



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* Hnh nh thc t:

Nguyn l hot ng ca led 7 oncng ging nh cc led n, ngha l khicp dng cho chn no th chn s sng.



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CHNG 3: THIT K

I/ S khi :

Khi x l trungtm AT89C51

Khi iu

khin (ntnhn)

Khi hin thKhi ngun

II/ Chc nng thc hin tng khi:

2.1/ Khi x l trung tm AT89C51:

IC AT89C51 c tt c 40 chn c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp.Trong c24 chn c tc dng kp (c ngha mt chn c hai chc nng), mi ng c th hot

ng nh ng xut nhp hoc nh ng diu khin hoc l thnh phn ca cc bus d

liu v bus da ch.

Mt khc khi ny n c lp trnh iu khin cc khi con ca mch.

2.2/ Khi hin th thi gian m ngc trn led 7 on v hin th led n:

Khi hin th m ngc led 7 on: hin th thi gian ca cc ch thi gian,c hin th trn led 7 on, cc chn ca led c ni thng qua mt in tr thanh ni vi IC vi iu khin. Vic gii m nh phn sang led 7 on iu c thc hin trnvi iu khin.



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Led 7 on c ni theo kiu anode chung. Ngha l : chn E ca transistor cni ln ngun. Led hot ng vi dng ti thiu l 20mA.

S dng port (P0): P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3, P0.4, P0.5, P0.6, P0.7.

Vi cc chn iu khin hot ng thng qua cc transistor PNP A1015 iu khinhot ng ch bo ha cung cp dng cho led sng.

Transistor PNP A1015 c ni vi port (P2) ca vi iu khin c chc nngkhuych i dng cho led hot ng bnh thng. thng thng ta chn h s khuychi = (40100).

V vy ta cn tnh cc gi tr in tr nh sau:

Dng in nh nht m mt led n c th sng l 10mA v dng gii hn l: 20mA.

Khi mt led sng th n s mt mt in p l 2V trn 1led.

T , tt c 7 led sng cng mt lc th dng Ic=7*15mA=105mA.

Ta c:

5= Vd+Ic*R2

R2= (5-Vd) / Ic=(5-2) / 105=286 OhmChn R2=220(Ohm)

V transistor A1015 c Hfe=100

Ib=Ic/hfe=105 / 100=1mA

Ta li c:

5= Veb +Ib*R1

R1=(5-Veb) / Ib=4,7k vi Veb= 0,3v

Chn R1=4.7k



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Khi hin th bo n: bo hiu cc n xanh, vng, ng t.

+ P3.0 : Ni vi n ng bn 1.

+ P3.1 : Ni vi n vng ng bn 1.

+ P3.2 : Ni vi n xanh ng bn 1.

+ P3.3 : Ni vi n ng bn 2.

+ P3.4 : Ni vi n vng ng bn 2.

+ P3.5 : Ni vi n xanh ng bn 2.

S dng cc led n ni anode chung. Cn cc chn cathode th c ni vo in

tr R. V n c iu khin bi cc chn P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, P3.3, P3.4, P3.5 ca port P3.Dng qua Led n: Id= 10mA- 20mA.

Chn R = 330ohm



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V led n c dng hot ng khong 10mA tr ln nn ta c th chn in tr Rsao cho ph hp.

Ngun c cp Vcc = +5V.

in p phn cc thun ca cc Led :

+ Led xanh: Vx= 2V -2.8V

+ Led vng: Vv= 2V- 2.5V

+ Led :Vd= 1.4V- 1.8V

2.3/ Khi nt nhn:

Khi nt nhn y l cc cng tc nt n dng thay i gi tr ca gi, pht.

Nh ta bit gi tr mt nh ca cc chn port ca vi iu khin l mc 1, vvy s dng tnh cht ny chng ta s ni cc chn port vi cc cng tc v ni cng tc

vi t.

Ngoi ra chng ta cn phi chng rung cho nt n. C hai cch chng rung chont n:

+ Chng rung bng phn cng

+ Chng rung bng phn mm



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y chng ta s dng phng php chng rung bng phn mm v n gin vd hiu.

P1.0: Nt mode dng chuyn sang ch iu khin bng tay.

Nhn ln 1: chuyn sang iu khin bng tay.

Nhn ln 2: ci t gi bt u vo ch cao im.

Nhn ln 3: ci t pht bt u vo ch cao im.

Nhn ln 4: ci t gi kt thc ch cao im.

Nhn ln 5: ci t pht kt thc ch cao im.

Nhn ln 6: ci t gi hin ti.

Nhn ln 7: ci t pht hin ti.

Nhn ln 8: quay li chy auto.

P1.1: Nt iu chnh tng gi hoc pht.

P1.2: Nt iu chnh gim gi hoc pht.



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2.4/ Khi ngun: Cung cp ngun nui cho vi iu khin hot ng theo yu cu ti. y ta to ra ngun 5v cp cho vi iu khin.

III/ S NGUYN L:

IV/ S LAYOUT:



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V/ HOT NG CA MCH:

Khi ta cp ngun cho vi x l th vi x l s hot ng. N s tch cc v cp nguncho cc chn ca vi x l. V mch s hot ng theo ch nh sn.Ngha l cc ledn 2 ng ng s sng ln v led 7 on s c khuych i dng bi transistorA1015 v thc hin vic qut led ln lt c tch cc nh vo port P0 ca vi x l.ng thi s hin s giy m ngc 2 ng ng u tin v khng u tin theo ch mc nh (gi thp im), s giy m ngc 2 ng ng lc ny l bng nhau (25s, vng 5s, v xanh l 20s). V ta c th iu chnh ch hin th gi vo ch

gi cao im thng qua vic mnh iu chnh cc nt nhn. Gi cao im: ng utin ( 25s, vng 5s, xanh 35s) v ng khng u tin ( 40s, vng 5s, xanh 20s).

Khi ta tc ng n nt mode th chn P1.2 ca vi x l c tch cc, v n schuyn sang ch dng tay. Ngha l ta c th tng gim gi, pht hin ti v thay ic thi gian chy ch gi cao im ty nh 2 nt TNG, GIM ni vi chn



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P1.0, P1.1. sau khi iu chnh xong ta nhn nt mode thm 1 ln na mch chy theovic iu chnh ny.

V d: theo mch thit k th khi cp ngun vo th mch s chy theo ch gi thpim v led 7 on hin th 05h30. Khi ta nhn nt mode ln 1 th s chuyn ch

dng tay, nhn mode ln 2 & 3 th chuyn qua iu khin gi v pht bt u vo caoim, nhn tip mode ln 4 & 5 th chuyn qua iu chnh gi v pht kt thc cao im,nhn mode ln 6 & 7 th iu chnh gi v pht hin ti. nhn mode ln na th tr lihot ng theo ch ci t ca ta. Vic iu chnh nh vo 2 nt nhn TNG vGIM.

Cn nt RESET c thit k ni vo chn RST ca vi x l. Khi ta tc ng vo nt

ny th ton b cc chn vi x l s tr v trng thi m ta nh sn.

VI/ S GII THUT:6.1 CHNG TRNH CHNH:



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BEGIN

Np a chvng stack(SP=5FH)

Np vng a ch m 7on

(DPTR)=DL7DOAN

MAIN

LOOP:

CHY CH AUTO

KTRA NT NHN

CH K BNG TAY

END

Y

N



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6.2/ CTC CHY CH AUTO:

CH AUTO

NHP NI DUNG NH19H

(19H)=06H,07H11H,12H,16H,17H,18H?

MODE 2:CAO IM

MODE 1: THP IM

6.3/ CHNG TRNH CON THP IM:



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MODE 1:THP IM

n ng B:30s,n xanh

ng A:25s

Bt n xanh A, B

Gi ctc qut led 7 don + m lithi gian+kim tra nt nhn

SCAN 8LED

n vng A: 5s

n ng A:30s,n xanh

ng B:25s

Bt n xanh B, A


SCAN 8LED

Bt n vng A, B


SCAN 8LED

thi gian+kim tra nt nhnSCAN 7LED

n vng B: 5s

Bt n vng B, A

RET


SCAN 8LED


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6.3/ CHNG TRNH CON GI CAO IM:

MODE2: Gi caoim

n ng B:40s,nxanh ng A:35s

Bt n xanh A, B

Gi ctc qut led 7 don + m li thigian+kim tra nt nhn SCAN 8LED

n vng A: 5s

Bt n vng A, B


n ng A:40s,n xanh

ng B:35s

Bt n xanh B, A


n vng B: 5s

Bt n vng B, A


RET



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6.4/ CTC QUT LED 7 ON V M LI THI GIAN,KIM TRA NTNHN SCAN 8 LED:


NP M QUT U TIN(R1) = (0FEH)

XUT M QUT RA PORT(P2)

DCH M QUT

GI CTC TO TR2.5MS

XUT GI TR HIN TH RAPORT (P0)

CTC M LI THI GIAN

LY A CH CHA GITR K TIP (INC R0)

NP A CH CHA GI TRHIN TH U TIN (R0)=04H

QUT XONG CHA

KTRA GIY IMLUI V 0 CHA?

RET

Y

N

Y

N



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6.5/ CTC IU KHIN BNG TAY:

IU KHIN BNG TAY

CH NH NT MODE

GI CTC QUT 2 LED 7 ON(led gi)

N NT MODE 8LN?

N NT TNG

N NT GIM

QUAY LI CT CHYAUTO

TNG GI

GIM GI

KTRA NH 19H CHY THEOCH AUTO

RET

Y

N

Y

Y

N

N



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6.6/ CTC TNG GI:

TNG GI

CH NH NT:(JNC TANG)

INC (18H)

(18H) = 24H (18H) = 00H

N

Y

6.7/ CTC GIM GI:

GIM GI

CH NH NT:(JNC GIAM)

DEC (18H)

(18H) = 00H (18H) = 24H

N

Y



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VII/ CHNG TRNH:

7.1/ chng trnh chnh:

ORG 0000H

MODE BIT P1.2TANG BIT P1.0GIAM BIT P1.1GIO EQU 0AHPHUT EQU 0BHGIAY EQU 0CH

MAIN:MOV SP,#5FHMOV 08H,#0

MOV DPTR,#DL7DOANLOOP:

CALL DOCCALL KTRA_GIO

;***************************************************;CTC KTRA_GIO;***************************************************;GIO CAO DIEM:MODE2KTRA_GIO:

MOV R0,#GIOMOV A,@R0CJNE A,#06H,KTRA_GIO1JMP MODE2

KTRA_GIO1:CJNE A,#07H,KTRA_GIO2JMP MODE2

KTRA_GIO2:CJNE A,#11H,KTRA_GIO3

JMP MODE2KTRA_GIO3:

CJNE A,#12H,KTRA_GIO4JMP MODE2



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KTRA_GIO5:

CJNE A,#17H,KTRA_GIO6JMP MODE2


;*************************************************;GIO THAP DIEM:MODE1

KTRA_GIO7:JMP MODE1

7.2/ CTC gi cao im:

MODE2:MOV A,08HJZ DO_A2

DO_B2:MOV P2,#0CH ;BAT DEN XANH DUONG A, DO BMOV 08H,#0MOV R6,#4MOV R7,#0

XANH_A2:MOV R4,#3 ;THOI GIAN DEN XANHMOV R5,#5

LCALL HEX_BCD

LCALL BCD_7DOANLCALL SCAN_8LEDVANG_A2:

MOV P2,#0AH ;BAT DEN VANG DUONG A, DO BMOV R4,#0 ; THOI GIAN DEN VANG 5SMOV R5,#5



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LCALL HEX_BCD

LCALL BCD_7DOANLCALL SCAN_8LED

JMP LOOP

DO_A2:MOV P2,#21H ;BAT DEN XANH DUONG B, DO AMOV 08H,#1MOV R4,#3MOV R5,#0

;XANH_B2:MOV R6,#2 ;THOI GIAN DEN XANHMOV R7,#5

LCALL HEX_BCD


;VANG_B2:MOV P2,#11H ;BAT DEN VANG DUONG B, DO AMOV R6,#0 ; THOI GIAN DEN VANG 5SMOV R7,#5

LCALL HEX_BCD


JMP LOOP

7.3/ CTC gi thp im:

MODE1:MOV A,08H

JZ DO_A1DO_B1:

MOV P2,#0CH ;BAT DEN XANH DUONG A, DO BMOV 08H,#0MOV R6,#3MOV R7,#0

XANH_A1:



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MOV R4,#2 ;THOI GIAN DEN XANHMOV R5,#5

LCALL HEX_BCD


VANG_A1:MOV P2,#0AH ;BAT DEN VANG DUONG A, DO BMOV R4,#0 ; THOI GIAN DEN VANG 5SMOV R5,#5

LCALL HEX_BCD

LCALL BCD_7DOAN

LCALL SCAN_8LEDJMP LOOP

DO_A1:MOV 08H,#1MOV P2,#21H ;BAT DEN XANH DUONG B, DO AMOV R4,#3MOV R5,#0

XANH_B1:

MOV R6,#2 ;THOI GIAN DEN XANHMOV R7,#5

LCALL HEX_BCD


VANG_B1:MOV P2,#11H ;BAT DEN VANG DUONG B, DO AMOV R6,#0 ; THOI GIAN DEN VANG 5S

MOV R7,#5

LCALL HEX_BCD


JMP LOOP



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7.5/CTC qut led 7 on v m li thi gian, kim tra nt nhn scan 8 led:SCAN_8LED:

MOV R1,#0FEHMOV R0,#8

DISP:MOV P0,#0FFH

MOV A,R1MOV P1,ARL AMOV R1,AMOV A,@R0MOVC A,@A+DPTRMOV P0,ACALL DELAYCALL KTRAINC R0CJNE R0,#8,DISPCJNE R5,#0,CHECK_R7CJNE R4,#0,CHECK_R7SJMP EXIT

CHECK_R7:CJNE R7,#0,SCAN_8LEDCJNE R6,#0,SCAN_8LED

EXIT:RET

;****************************************************;CTC DELAY 2,5MS;****************************************************DELAY:

MOV TMOD,#01H

MOV TH0,#HIGH(-2500)MOV TL0,#LOW(-2500)SETB TR0

LAP2:ACALL KTRAJNB MODE,PRESS_MODE1_0



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JNB TF0,LAP2CLR TR0CLR TF0RET

;****************************************************PRESS_MODE1_0:JMP PRESS_MODE1

;****************************************************;CTC DELAY 500MS DEN VANG;****************************************************DELAY500MS:

MOV TMOD,#01HMOV R3,#10

LAP:MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)SETB TR0

LAP1:JNB MODE,PRESS_MODE1_0JNB TF0,LAP1CLR TR0CLR TF0

DJNZ R3,LAPRET

;****************************************************;CTC KTRA GIAY;****************************************************KTRA:

PUSH ACCPUSH 00HMOV 0DH,0CH

MOV A,0DHCJNE A,0CH,KHACJMP EXIT1

KHAC:CJNE R5,#0,GIAM1MOV R5,#9



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DEC R4JMP GIAM2

GIAM1:DEC R5

GIAM2:CJNE R7,#0,GIAM3MOV R7,#9DEC R6JMP EXIT1

GIAM3:DEC R7

EXIT1:POP 00H

POP ACCRET

7.6/CTC tng gim thi gian:

INC_GIO:CALL DELAY1MSJNB TANG,$CALL DELAY1MSMOV A,0AH

ADD A,#1DA AMOV 0AH,ACJNE A,#24H,HOURMOV 0AH,#0JMP HOUR

;***************************************************DEC_GIO:

CALL DELAY1MS

JNB GIAM,$CALL DELAY1MSMOV A,0AHADD A,#99HDA AMOV 0AH,A



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CJNE A,#99H,HOURMOV 0AH,#23H

HOUR:MOV R0,#20

JMP MP1;***************************************************INC_PHUT:

CALL DELAY1MSJNB TANG,$CALL DELAY1MSMOV A,0BHADD A,#1DA AMOV 0BH,ACJNE A,#60H,MINUTEMOV 0BH,#0JMP MINUTE

;***************************************************DEC_PHUT:

CALL DELAY1MSJNB GIAM,$CALL DELAY1MSMOV A,0BHADD A,#99HDA AMOV 0BH,ACJNE A,#99H,MINUTEMOV 0BH,#59H

MINUTE:MOV R0,#20

JMP MP3

7.6/ CTC x l nt nhn:

;NHAN NUT MODE LAN 1PRESS_MODE1: ;KHONG LUU R0,R1

CLR TR0 ;NHAY WA KHI DANG O CTC ;QUET2.5MS OR 500MS NEN



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PHAI STOP TIMER0CALL DELAY1MSJNB MODE,$CALL DELAY1MS

MOV R0,#20MP1:MOV R1,#200

MP2:MOV 0EH,0AHCALL DATABCDCALL QUET2LEDJNB MODE,PRESS_MODE2 ;CHUYEN QUA CHE DO THAY DOI PHUT

NEU NHAN NUT

JNB TANG,INC_GIO ;TANG GIO NEU NHAN NUTJNB GIAM,DEC_GIODJNZ R1,MP2DJNZ R0,MP1JMP XONG;

;****************************************************;NHAN NUT MODE LAN 2PRESS_MODE2:

CALL DELAY1MS ;KHONG LUU R0,R1

JNB MODE,$CALL DELAY1MSMOV R0,#20

MP3:MOV R1,#200

MP4:MOV 0EH,0BHCALL DATABCDCALL QUET2LED

JNB MODE,XONG ;TRO VE CT CHINHJNB TANG,INC_PHUTJNB GIAM,DEC_PHUTDJNZ R1,MP4DJNZ R0,MP3JMP XONG



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;***************************************************XONG:

LCALL DELAY1MSJNB MODE,$

LCALL DELAY1MSMOV 0CH,#55HCALL GHIJMP LOOP

;****************************************************;CTC DUA DU LIEU;****************************************************DATABCD:

PUSH ACCMOV A,0EHANL A,#0FHMOV R5,AMOV A,0EHANL A,#0F0HSWAP AMOV R4,APOP ACCRET

;****************************************************QUET2LED:

PUSH ACCPUSH 00HPUSH 01HMOV R1,#0FEHMOV R0,#4

DISP1:

MOV A,R1MOV P1,ARL AMOV R1,AMOV A,@R0MOVC A,@A+DPTR



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MOV P0,ACALL DELAY_MODEINC R0CJNE R0,#6,DISP1

POP 01HPOP 00HPOP ACCRET

;****************************************************;CTC DELAY 1MS;****************************************************DELAY1MS:

MOV TMOD,#01H

MOV TH0,#HIGH(-1000)MOV TL0,#LOW(-1000)SETB TR0JNB TF0,$CLR TR0CLR TF0RET

;***************************************************DELAY_MODE:

MOV TMOD,#01HMOV TH0,#HIGH(-2500)MOV TL0,#LOW(-2500)SETB TR0JNB TF0,$CLR TR0CLR TF0RET

7.7/CTC i s HEX sang BCD v BCD sang LED 7 ON:

HEX_BCD:

MOV A,GIAY

MOV B,#10



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DIV AB

MOV 10H,B

MOV 11H,A

MOV A,PHUT

MOV B,#10

DIV AB

MOV 12H,B

MOV 13H,A

MOV A,GIO

MOV B,#10

DIV AB

MOV 14H,B

MOV 15H,A

RET

;*************************************************

;CHUONG TRINH CON DOI SO BCD SANG LED 7 DOAN

;*************************************************

BCD_7DOAN:

MOV DPTR,#500H

MOV R0,#10H

MOV R1,#20H

BC1: MOV R7,#2

BC: MOV A,@R0



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MOVC A,@A+DPTR

MOV @R1,A

INC R0

INC R1

DJNZ R7,BC

MOV @R1,#0BFH

INC R1

CJNE R0,#16H,BC1

RET

;***************************************************DL7DOAN:

DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,80H,90HEND

CHNG IV: KT QU

I/ MCH THI CNG:



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*S chn ca mch:



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II/U NHC IM:

*u im:

+ Ta c th p dng mch ny vo thc t 1 cch d dng v thay i c cc ch hot ng ca mch ph hp vi cuc sng hn.

+ Mch c thit k theo hot ng ng ch hot ng trong ngy.

+ Cc chc nng iu khin bng tay hot ng c.

+ Vic thit k mch n gin v t tn chi ph.

*khuyt im:

+ Mch thit k cha ti u.

+ Mch chuyn i ch t ng theo gi nhiu khi cha chnh xc.

III/ HNG PHT TRIN:

+ Mch c th hot ng tt hn nu nh ta gn thm ng h thi gian thc.

+ Mch ny cha thay i c s giy ng u tin khi ta iu khin bng taynn ta c th xy dng thm vn ny mch hon thin hn.

+ Vic hon thnh mch c th c xy dng theo nhiu chng trnh khc nhau,v rt gn hn.

IV/ TI LIU THAM KHO:

1/ Bi ging vi x l - Trng i hc giao thng vn ti thnh ph HCM.

2/ Gio trnh vi iu khin - Tng Vn On Trng i hc bch khoa thnh phHCM.

3/ Gio trnh thc hnh vi x l - Trng i hc cng ngh si gn

4/ http://dientuvietnam.net

5/ http://dientuvienthong.net

6/ http://www.ant7.com/forum/forum_post.asp?TID=4964&PN=0&TPN=2

http://dientuvietnam.net/http://dientuvienthong.net/http://www.ant7.com/forum/forum_post.asp?TID=4964&PN=0&TPN=2http://dientuvietnam.net/http://dientuvienthong.net/http://www.ant7.com/forum/forum_post.asp?TID=4964&PN=0&TPN=2


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Danh mc hnh nh

Hnh 1: s khi at89c51.

Hnh 2: hnh nh thc t ca at89c51.

Hnh 3: s chn at89c51.

Hnh 4: s chn RST.

Hnh 5: mch tn s dao ng thch anh.

Hnh 6: s nt reset.

Hnh 7: hnh transistor A1015 thc t.

Hnh 8: hnh m phng transistor A1015.

Hnh 9: led 7 on.

Hnh 10: hnh nh thc t led 7 on.

Hnh 11: s khi hin th led 7 on.

Hnh 12: s khi hin th led n.

Hnh 13: s khi nt nhn.

Hnh 14: s khi ngun.

Hnh 15: mch thi cng.

Hnh 16: s chn ca mch.



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PH LC

ti:...................................................................................................................................

Li cm n:..........................................................................................................................

Phn I: Nhn xt ca gio vin:..........................................................................................3

I/ Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn:.......................................................................3

II/ Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin:.......................................................................4

Phn II: Li ni u............................................................................................................5

Phn III: Qu trnh thc hin..............................................................................................7

Chng I: Gii thiu............................................................................................................

I/ Gii thiu ti.....................................................................................................7

II/ ng dng.............................................................................................................7

Chng II: Linh kin v cc ic lin quan.............................................................................

I/ Gii thiu cc ic thc hin....................................................................................8

1/ Vi iu khin AT89C51..............................................................................8

2/ Transistor iu khin v khuych i A1015............................................21

3/ Led 7 on ( anode chung)........................................................................22

Chng III: Thit k.............................................................................................................

I/ S khi...........................................................................................................23

II/ Chc nng thc hin tng khi..........................................................................23



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1/ Khi x l trung tm AT89C51.................................................................23

2/ Khi hin th led 7 on v led n...........................................................24

3/ Khi nt nhn............................................................................................26

4/ Khi ngun................................................................................................28

III/ S nguyn l..................................................................................................28

IV/ S layout......................................................................................................29

V/ Hot ng ca mch.........................................................................................29

VI/ S gii thut................................................................................................30

VII/ Chng trnh (code)........................................................................................37

Chng IV: Kt qu.............................................................................................................

I/ Mch thi cng.....................................................................................................49

II/ u nhc im..................................................................................................51

III/ Hng pht trin ti.....................................................................................51

IV/ Ti liu tham kho...........................................................................................51

Danh mc hnh nh..........................................................................................................53

PH LC ......................................................................................................................54



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35414819 mach den giao thong

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