6degrees - international dynamic positioning operators ...views and reviews from the international...

NewsViews and Reviews from the International Dynamic Positioning Operators Association

6degrees deg

Fall 2009 Issue 1

ULTIMATE DP REDUNDANCY AND YOU

Incident Reporting WHY BOTHER OH YOU DONrsquoT

Search for Seatime GET ON BOARD WITH IDPOA

Wise words Behind The DeskTHINKTHERErsquoS SOMETHINGWRONGTHERE IS

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MyDPOA Welcome to this launch edition of 6degrees the quarterly e-magazine from The International Dynamic Positioning Operators Association (IDPOA)

2009 is a year in which we celebrate the dawning of new understanding and of the role of the past in influencing the future As we celebrate the bicentennial of Charles Darwinrsquos birthday and the 150th anniversary of his landmark publication ldquoThe Origin of Speciesrdquo it is perhaps an appropriate time to think about evolution as it affects shipping

There are few developments since containerisation which will have a greater influence on the design and capabilities of merchant shipping into the future than the ever-increasing use of dynamic positioning (DP) We are seeing an evolution (and perhaps even a revolution) in the ways in which ships operate and of what they can achieve

Today as more and more ships are fitted with DP it is no longer simply about the hardware evolving we need to ensure that the people operating the high-tech high value machinery are up to the task The concept of qualified DP Operators (DPOrsquos) first took hold very slowly back in the early Eighties Gradually the numbers of trained DPOrsquos has grown and today there are around 10000 certified operators worldwide

The evolution has now reached a tipping point with standards being enshrined into Part B of STCW we are seeing Governments wondering how to secure the DPOrsquos their petrochemical industries need while employers are struggling to find the very best new people Add to that the fact that experienced Senior DPOrsquos and Masters are wrestling to ensure newcomers understand not simply the equipment but the operations culture and implications for failure and it becomes clear that things are rapidly changing

As the number of existing DPOrsquos has risen and with the demand for ever more ndash we are at a situation of critical mass a point where we need to reflect the evolution in the industry We have reached a juncture where DPOrsquos want and need their very own professional network There exists a hunger for an organisation to promote DPOrsquos their role and skills while providing a focal point for input into the industry So it is to this background IDPOA has been developed

Prior to IDPOA there were gaps in providing professional input and representation An organisation that allows the most senior and experienced DP operatives to guide and mentor others is important and a portal from where proper ldquofrontlinerdquo information and feedback emerge can only be positive The very nature of DP training is changing from STCW through to the role of onboard instruction there is a need for proper understanding and dialogue and a fresh perspective from the frontline

We are working to ensure that DPOrsquos have the very best tools and support to succeed and that new talent is identified attracted and supportedthat is why IDPOA has been created ndash for the people for the industry and for the future

We hope you enjoy this first issue and please do keep in touch with us to share your views and to engage with the rest of our rapidly growing membership

Steven Jones Executive Director

To find out more to join or upgrade your membership visit wwwdpoperatorsorg

From Behind the Desk Capt CMarc BraggfDPO

Firstly I would like to add my own welcome to all mariners to this first issue of ldquo6degreesrdquo I believe that this is a most important step in the transition of the industry and having an established forum for all DPOrsquos and mariners alike to discuss the issues concerning industry and everyday situations that affect our business and performance On this note I would like to bring forward the topic of the everyday duties and operations from behind the DPO Desk

Todayrsquos work routines see us pushed into ever increasing roles and responsibilities with duties additional to those of DPO These tasks include but are not limited to VHFUHF radio traffic internal phone calls or receptionist duties bridge clean up work permits weather reports normal deck duties maintenance of bridge equipment and bridge log reports All of these fall under the jurisdiction of vessel ISM and SMS as ldquorequiredrdquo duties of the bridge officers and most are mandatory

I was wondering ldquowhenrdquo then do the DPOrsquos have a reasonable chance to perform that ldquootherrdquo duty they are employed for That of ensuring one multi-million dollar vessel does not make contact with another multi-million dollar asset while performing dynamic positioning

It is of course up to ourselves to attain a certain level of duty management and maintain what I like to call ldquoA Known and Controlled SAFE Situationrdquo as I always instruct my own bridge staff They are required to call me immediately if they ever believe that they are venturing into an ldquounknownrdquo situation We all recognize that prevention is the best policy and although we are trained in dealing with different emergency situations it is better to prevent and guard against the problems from the very start

We can all take certain steps to cut down on the probability of duty overload on the bridge by allocating certain duties to the ldquoOff The Desk DPOrdquo and always making sure that the individual is still at his secondary post on the bridge readily available to assist in any duty required in order for the ldquoOn Deskrdquo DPO to remain in that Known and Controlled SAFE condition

I have so many times arrived on the bridge and asked the very difficult question to the DPOrsquos ldquowhat are we doing now and what is the progress of the jobrdquo Written words alone canrsquot describe the looks on the faces of DPOrsquos faced with such

ldquoAn old Captain once told meBragg if you think that there maybe something wrong THERE ISrdquo

questions and it is extremely unnerving to find out that no one on the bridge really understands what we are doing with respect to jobs such as pipelaying DSV divers ldquoInampOutrdquo ROV inspection time KPrsquos etc

This may not actually be the individualrsquos fault because of the workload and allocation of duties It seems that some in the industry have even taken to the notion that when ldquooff the deskrdquo they are working in their ldquoown timerdquo as I was once told We have to make sure that we all maintain the integrity of the DP watch as a core and other duties progressively in their own perspective order

This is a topic that needs mentioning and I would look forward to other memberrsquos views and experience I have actually overcome this on my present vessel and others just by mentioning the issue and clearly setting the standards I require of my DPOrsquos However it is an ongoing situation that needs constant management from onboard and of course good Bridge staff This is where IDPOA comes into play and I encourage all professional DPOrsquos to join and participate Not until now have we had the avenue and means to address ALL issues as ONE common front forum but with this new association comes the ability to reach out across all related industries to get the message and thoughts of the practitioners across

In closing I would like to mention a couple of maxims that I have been governed by over the years and which may be helpful to all

Always remember the ldquoWhat Ifrdquo factor meaning that if you do your due diligence in watchkeeping it should never happen ldquoWhat if I lose that thruster right nowrdquo ldquoWhat would I dordquo ldquoWhat Ifrdquo I donrsquot check that position on the chart again I think that if we all continually questioned ldquoWhat Ifrdquo we will be far better off and safer

I hope these topics have provided some food for thought and I wish all DPOrsquos and Mariners safe sailing and look forward to being behind the scenes in the IDPOA

who

Making Progress

Capt Ian Smith fDPO discusses the balancing act between positive and realistic progress

and the effect of voicing your opinions

A few years ago I wrote an article for a ldquomaritime publicationrdquo expounding the reasons why one should join membership organisations It is the hope that in joining influence can be brought to bear on the decision makers and thus on the conclusions that could affect us all Many organisations exist across the maritime board but at last with the formation of the IDPOA the DP operator has a voice in the industry ndash providing we all offer our support

I am probably simplifying the situation by suggesting that our industry can be divided into three groups The vessel owner the DP training establishments and lastly the DP operators with the two former groups having well established and strong voices

In attending the recent European DP conference I noted a few topics that need to be given an airing in this forum I welcome your views and opinions as my opinions are strictly my own

The first ndash was that DP training and certification should be discipline restricted ie DP certificate (drilling) or DP certificate (supply) This was proposed by a supply vessel owner who was obviously worried that in training his crew in DP they would then move off to the more financially rewarding drilling or diving Whilst I do have sympathy with his situation my opinion is that this would be impractical for many reasons The glib response would be to say ndash pay more and your staff wouldnrsquot leave

To implement such a scheme would be a nightmare for the Nautical Institute and problematic for the training centres The Nautical Institute has had to develop a database of vessels so that they can check whether the DPO has accrued sufficient DP time on a Class 2 vessel to achieve a full certificate What would be the criteria for a ldquoDivingrdquo certificate Would a couple of months on a class 2 ROV vessel count Further how would the centres decide which course to run each week Letrsquos face it the present system covers all disciplines quite adequately I am all too pleased that my MCA certificates do not restrict me to ldquoSTCW III ldquoContainerrdquo or ldquo Bulkrdquo

We work in a very fluid market and the seafarer and thus the DPO has always been able to adapt quickly The onus is therefore on the owners Who in their right mind would employ a senior DPO with extensive drilling experience as a senior DPO on a diving vessel There would have to be a period of familiarisation at a lower rank

The second ndash that there should be a

that is completely unwarranted There are some drilling companies who do as a matter of policy run refresher courses because on some such vessels the DP operator may not experience the adrenaline flow that will be experienced on other vessel types 99 of a DP operatorsrsquo experience comes from their own trials and tribulations and those of others and surely not on the DP simulator course ndash however beneficial that may be Perhaps this last remark is best proven by the fact that it is the Master who signs the DP traineersquos logbook saying that he is competent and not the training centre

Lastly ndash purely in jest after hearing the above ndash one of the attendees suggested that the DP training courses should be run on the same equipment type that will be experienced on the operatorrsquos vessel This caused a few knowing grins but of great concern were the nodding heads of the representatives of the DP training centres on the podium

The voice of the DP operator (and common sense) must be heard Now we have a voicefive-year compulsory refresher course

to keep the DP Certificate valid My words are ldquoutter nonsenserdquo Perhaps not the view of the training centres who may see this as an opportunity to print money Perhaps it is the view of the more considerate owners will pay - but certainly not for a majority of DP operators who may perceive this as an unnecessary expense for something

ldquoIt is the hope that in joining IDPOA influence can be brought to bear on the decision makers and thus on the conclusions that could affect us allldquo

Search for Seatime

Always striving to encourage progress and forward thinking in the world of Dynamic Positioning IDPOA has been analysing the ongoing difficulties faced by trainee DPOrsquos looking to secure that all important time on the desk

The history of Dynamic Positioning is one of groundbreaking innovation and pioneering development The pursuit of making the seemingly impossible not just feasible but safe clean and cost effective has led to incredible leaps in technology In the past DP equipment was rare and extremely expensive but today things have progressed and the hardware is not so much the issue it is now operators that are the focus

For some the use of computerisation co-ordinated control and external inputs pose a risk of marginalizing the human element within the process The reality could not be more different up to this point the growth in DP has been fairly well matched by an expansion in the training and certification of qualified and skilled DP Operators (DPOrsquos) The technological progress working in harmony with the creation of a new breed of highly specialised seafarers

The present and worsening shortage of not just qualified but ldquoexperienced operatorsrdquo

is reaching a critical mass

While the influx of new people onto sophisticated vessels and into safety critical operations has been a quiet success story thus far Today as the growth of DP usage increases we see a different set of challenges and we are at a juncture in the supply training and management of DP personnel

With virtually every new offshore oil and gas vessel coming equipped with DP and many older ones having systems retrofitted there is a high stakes race developing to safeguard the supply and capabilities of qualified DP operators globally That is before we even consider the take-up of DP on ferries cruise ships and super yachts

The rapid expansion of an already booming sector has brought with it a new focus new problems and a new sense of perspective As charterers and The International Maritime Organization (IMO) begin more closely scrutinizing the standards of DP employers are left struggling to find the very best new people while experienced Masters and senior personnel are left wrestling to

ensure newcomers know the ropes The potentially grave implications for failure mean we have little wriggle room as we look to attract retain and to develop the current and future personnel at the DP desk

When one thinks of the human element within the DP domain the most familiar concepts surround the areas of training and safety These are pivotal in ensuring the basic fundamentals ndash that of keeping people the environment and vessels safe while maintaining operational capability and commercial viability

Perceived wisdom about the use of DP has it that it consists of 99 boredom punctuated by 1 panic There is some truth in this but the very best DPOrsquos simply donrsquot allow either state to develop

The concentration and skill in ensuring the equipment is set up and monitored to best effect means that neither boredom nor panic rears their ugly head This stresses the importance of experience and of a full and proper learning path

In recent years and despite the doom and gloom of recession it is getting ever harder to find and to then keep good quality DPOrsquos The present and worsening shortage of not just qualified but ldquoexperienced operatorsrdquo is reaching a critical mass and given the importance of change management and continual improvement new ideas innovation and quality people are urgently needed

There is a ldquoberth dearthrdquo with simply not enough room

on the conveyor belt to ensurethe supply of people as

requirements begin to peak

DP training requires specialist facilities ashore which are currently provided through over 50 accredited centres worldwide but it is the periods of supervised sea-time (ie shipboard learning) that are a cause for concern For Trainee DPOrsquos employment is necessary in a substantive position in which they are able to gain experience Unfortunately this leads us to a rather disconcerting disconnect developing

The DP sector is managing to get enough people through the door however

many currently in the training scheme find it difficult to get a place onboard to complete their training and to gain the requisite sea-time and experience to gain the DP Operators Certificate

As more seafarers look to the DP sector we

need to managethe entry of new people

There is a ldquoberth dearthrdquo with simply not enough room on the conveyor belt to ensure the supply of people as requirements begin to peak The lack of training positions for those who have undertaken the initial part of the DP Operators training scheme is increasingly being identified as a constraint on the ability of even committed companies to train and gain access to certified and experienced DPOrsquos Indeed the lag between those completing their induction training and those on the simulator course paints a vivid picture of the barrier we have yet to conquer

So what can we do about it Well the industry must devise mechanisms for making places available on all suitable vessels for the use of DPOrsquos undertaking training Those companies which remain ldquonon-trainersrdquo should perhaps be encouraged to make space available as part of their contribution to the renewal of the DP manning pool

Specific proposals on how sufficient training berths might best be secured will need to be developed and kept under review by industry This is not a simple fix and some companies are yet to even reach the realisation phase of the problem but they will

Today we have experience and skill onboard and this is being cascaded downwards to new entrants We have a system and network of accredited training centres ndash but we need to ensure that we do not let our guard down nor our standards drop

As more seafarers look to the DP sector we need to manage the entry of new people ndash we need to ensure that the cultural and technical skills are effectively passed on and that this new generation of DP Operators are worthy of the past present and future of this most

and in doing so

GlobalMET promotecommon interestand quality of

Initially an Association of Maritime Ein Asia Pacific - now a network oand growing in over 34 econo

website wwwglobalmetorg

GlobalMET SecretariatC73 1F Main Market Massodpur or P O Box 307 WaikanaeVasant Kunj New Delhi 110070 India Kapiti Coast New Zealandshilpacorecompetencynet maritimeeduparadisenetnz

Global Maritime Education amp Training Association

The risks involved with work associated with the sea demand high levels of professionalism and the modern advances of Dynamic Positioning (DP) do not guard us against marine hazards As is often said if there are any weaknesses personal or systemic the sea will soon expose them This has long been known

Ancient seafarers had to be highly competent to survive in their primitive craft They had to be aware of the dangers they could face and how the risks involved could be minimised The lsquoordinary practices of seamenrsquo - in other words lsquogood seamanshiprsquo - have evolved over the centuries

Even with the enormous powers of modern technology and DP we neglect the ordinary practices of seamen at our peril Yet there is growing concern that competence in the operation of ships is declining Masters speak of officers no longer having that fundamental sense of seamanship of the younger generation being comfortable in front of electronic screens but uncomfortable maintaining a proper lookout by sight and hearing on the open wing of a bridge should the bridge actually have an open wing Of the growing lack of the situational awareness that ensures the watchkeeper is aware of the shiprsquos immediate physical environment the dangers therein and what needs to be done to ensure safety

There is growing concern that modern technology while making a huge contribution to safety at sea is also beguiling watchkeepers into a false sense of being fully informed of what is taking place Even with the nav screen and DP system confidently telling us all is well ndash we still need to look out of the window We need to see where the rig is or the angle of the cable lead We need to regain that ldquoprofessionalrdquo instinct for when things are about to go wrong without being beholden completely on technology

A recent report (the grounding of the ldquoAstralrdquo) by the UK Maritime Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) expressed concern about lack of competence in anchoring and

monitoring the vessel while anchored The MAIB requested training institutions to review study programs to ensure that deck officers gain effective instruction on all aspects of anchoring Competence in the basics has been required for centuries yet now there is need for improved classroom instruction on even anchoring

Now of course those sailing on a new DP3 classed vessel may think themselves immune from such fundementals However in terms of understanding ldquoprofessionalismrdquo as referring to a person having impressive competence in a particular activity a decline in competence reflects a true decline in professionalism In activities at sea this can have enormous consequences particularly if there is loss of life or an oil spill Maintaining professional standards is essential and we must all work to foster and safeguard skills at sea

GlobalMET the growing network of 100+ maritime academies in 34 countries was formed in Hong Kong in 1996 to ldquopromote develop and support in the spirit of co-operation and the common interests of its members in all matters concerning the development and quality of maritime education and training institutionsrdquo It is striving to do this by all appropriate means

Having been granted NGO Consultancy Status by the IMO Council subject to endorsement by the IMO Assembly at its meeting in November GlobalMET is now seeking to assist IMO in addressing the outcomes of the review of the STCW Convention a major concern being the need to review and revise the model courses Which is especially interesting for DP Operators given the move of DP standards into Part B of the Code

GlobalMET welcomes the establishment of IDPOA congratulates those who took the initiative and worked to bring the organisation into existence and looks to working closely with IDPOA in raising the professionalism of the members of both networks as well as of others who ldquogo down to the sea in ships that do business in great watersrdquo

IDPOA is pleased to be working with GlobalMET as an Affiliate Member

Captain Rod Short Chief Executive GlobalMET

N o H i d i n g f r o m PROFESSIONALISM

DPOrsquosSocial Networking taking shipping by storm

About Me

Social media is the future of networking within the Industry Nothing else allows us to both share and receive information as quickly or efficiently If you havenrsquot already done so sign up to some of the communities and start contributing today

Sean Hogue is actively social networking across the Maritime sector

Since creating the DP Operators group on Facebook over a year ago Sean Hogue has been following and is active on a number of Maritime related social media sites Initially the users were younger sailors who already had an established presence online but the trend is now shifting towards older sailors amp leaders of industry as they begin to utilize these powerful online tools

DPSean Hogue fDPO writes from DynamicPositioningNewscom He moderates the Dynamic Positioning Operators group on Facebook and is a regular contributor on gCaptaincom

WEB LINKS Facebook Offshore Oil amp Gas Maritime amp Offshore Industry Dynamic Positioning Operators The Nautical Institute

Twitter DP News Trade Winds News Lloyds List Nautilus International Maritime Accident Casebook

Web Forums gCaptain IDPOA

Facebook The reigning champion of social media

Continually gaining popularity in the Marine Industry as the Internet is far more common onboard these days Facebook is easy to use with a single visit you can see what your friends and colleagues are doing look at pictures of the family reunion amp chat with your spouse

Almost everybody is on it these days so you can utilize the Groups to link up with like-minded individuals

Twitter Quick amp simple communication of news and announcements

You sign up to a ldquoChannelrdquo and will be notified of any changes The big benefit to seafarers is staying on top of news amp industry related events A quick browse through your daily ldquotweetsrdquo will keep you up to date with the companies amp people you are following as well as providing links to news articles

There is no need to share your own information with others if you donrsquot want to Just sign up for an account amp start to follow a few channels to stay up to date

LinkedIn On the slightly more ldquoprofessionalrdquo end of the networking spectrum

This isnrsquot so much a place for pictures of you and your friends cavorting more for a neat resume and your plans for professional world domination Groups on LinkedIn to watch out for are ldquoDynamic Positioningrdquo and the ldquoNautical Instituterdquo

Web Forums Traditionally Maritime web forums have been scarce

This may be down to the fact that Internet access has not always been as prevalent onboard ship as it is these days Currently there are a number of good web forums for sailors to participate in

With a focus on the Gulf of Mexico the gCaptain forums are very active The website layout looks great and is easy to use The IDPOA web forum is picking up steam and is a particularly valuable resource for those involved with or pursuing careers in the Dynamic Positioning field

Online Trends Hot topics include the ldquoFuture of DP Trainingrdquo

Ongoing Facebook discussion on the future of DP training takes place within the Dynamic Positioning Operators group questions about getting started in DP getting your DP License and gaining the requisite 30 days seatime requirement also feature regularly IDPOA are currently addressing the seatime issues with a new training scheme initiative - matching trainee DPOrsquos with forward thinking employers Sign up today to learn more and have your say on the issues


Ian Giddings fDPO

Technical Advisor

INDUSTRY PARTNERS

IDPOA is pleased to announce itrsquos membership of IMCA

As a starting point I should outline what IMCA (the International Marine Contractors Association) is and what it does As our literature says IMCA is an international trade association representing offshore marine and underwater engineering companies We have a growing membership which as announced at the Offshore Europe in Aberdeen event this year recently passed the 600 mark

The association has two core committees Safety Environment amp Legislation and Competence and Training four technical divisions Diving Marine Offshore Survey and Remote Systems amp ROV five regional sections Asia Pacific Central amp South America Europe amp Africa Middle East and Africa and North America Central amp South America is our newest regional section and that in which the next IMCA Annual Seminar is being held in Rio de Janeiro in November this year The association compiles and publishes information from membersrsquo best practices and experiences and disseminates this through guidance information notes safety flashes and seminars and workshops

Many IDPOA members will be aware of IMCA through the guidance on dynamic positioning such as ldquoGuidelines for the Design and Operation of Dynamically Positioned Vesselsrdquo (IMCA M103) the ldquoDynamic Positioning Station Keeping Incidentsrdquo (which are published annually) and the IMCA ldquoDynamic Positioning Logbookrdquo However this is just a small part of the work in dynamic positioning which IMCA and its members undertake with in excess of 60 relevant guidance documents published and more following

Additionally we publish information notes which highlight issues such as those covered in the recent notes on global navigation satellite systems and on the latest advice regarding pirate attacks off the coast of Somalia amongst others Finally but equally important on the subject of information and guidance published there are the safety flashes which disseminate essential information on incidents and potential hazards and the lessons learnt from them that can help

prevent incidents occurring elsewhere in the industry

A further major area of work for IMCA is its role as a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) with observer status at IMO where we regularly offer technical advice on issues in which the members have both expertise and interest At the recent Standards of Training and Watchkeeping Intersessional Working Group (STW-ISWG) meeting IMCA and the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) submitted a paper on the training and experience for DPOs which is being considered for inclusion in Part B of the STCW Code This Code is currently under review and the inclusion of offshore vessels is one of the objectives of this review At the same IMO working group meeting guidance on the training and experience for personnel on board offshore supply vessels is being introduced and we will be keeping a careful watch on developments there as well

Currently on the work programme within the Marine Division we are revising the DP incident reporting scheme Over recent years changes such as accepting information on the companyrsquos own reporting forms have been made to improve the scheme Now we want to take this further and to this end are canvassing our members to ascertain what they would like to see in the incident reports Such items as lesson learnt root cause and actions taken to prevent recurrence are being suggested

Recently the International Guidelines for the Safe Operation of Dynamically Positioned Supply Vessels were revised by a cross industry workgroup and republished We have started work on a major revision of IMCA ldquoM103rdquo where it is intended to move the DP system details to the front of the document and have the vessel specific guidance following The rationale behind this is to avoid the current repetitive DP system detail in the document Thus if the DP class is described at the start the guidance can then indicate which DP class a particular type of vessel would normally meet The document can then introduce further

vessel-specific operational guidance It is also hoped to address DP watchkeeping in this revision Finally other DP areas where IMCA is looking at guidance are the new position measuring equipment available such as RADius and Radascan IMCA has also been following DP developments such as hardware-in-the-loop testing and participating in the DP Training Executive Group (DPTEG)

Although the contribution of IMCA and its members to the provision of DP operational guidance is significant this is not our only work area in the Marine Division Over recent years a significant amount of guidance has been produced relating to lifting activities covering such topics as lifting operations communications and wire rope integrity management and in the Safety Environment and Legislation Core Committee guidance has been produced on various aspects of security including that relating to travel verification of third party security personnel and threat risk assessment procedure

IMCA intends to continue producing guidance in support of our membersrsquo operations to contribute on their behalf in other areas such as IMO and to work with our industry colleagues and partners one of which we hope will be IDPOA

DPULTIMATE

Worldwide experience with DP operations has shown that the human element is one of the most important factors in the process This is especially true in abnormal situations where human intervention in DP operations is of vital importance to ensure safe operations However during normal stationary operations modern DP systems can operate almost autonomously

Due to the high level of autonomy during stationary DP operations the input of the DPO is relatively limited In such situations the task of the DPO consists mainly of monitoring the system which is a task for which human beings are naturally not very well suited This monitoring task results in a very low DPO workload in day-to-day circumstances

Once a problem in the DP system occurs the DPOrsquos involvement suddenly rises to a very high level when an issue in the DP system is detected it is the DPOrsquos task to quickly identify the problem find the root cause and isolate or solve before it results in an incident As the available time for problem-solving is very short (in the order of a few minutes) and the DP system very complex the DPOrsquos workload suddenly changes from very low to very high which generally results in a relatively slow reaction time As available time is limited it means that a (minor) problem in the system can easily result in an incident

The Ultimate Dynamic Positioning (uDP) research project investigates the possibility of using automated condition-monitoring and operator-support systems in DP operations These systems have the purpose of optimizing the DPOrsquos workload both in normal operations and once a fault occurs in the system The intended functioning of these two systems is described in the next paragraphs

What follows is likely to cause great debateas a new project ldquoULTIMATE DPrdquo is unveiled Can the DP system be left alone and can the system lead the DPO rather than the other way round

With the ldquo99 boredom punctuated by 1 panicrdquo view of DP operations being widely held We see that there is a belief that some of the time spent at the desk is more important than others

The contrast in activty between doing ldquothingsrdquo and waiting for ldquothingsrdquo to happen means that DPOrsquos must be able to adopt an an attitude of ldquoquiet intensityrdquo This can cause problems when action is required as all too often DPOrsquos are unable to react fast enough having mentally ldquoswitched offrdquo So is there scope to automatically monitor the DP system Or does the DPO need to be on the desk and on the ball all of the time

What will the future hold With the launch of IDPOA there is now a central point of contact to generate DPO feedback as the ULTIMATE DP project progresses This is your opportunity shape the future so take a look at the concept and please share your thoughts

Arjen Tjallema of Bluewater discusses the project

As long as the DP system is operating normally the condition-monitoring system takes over the monitoring task from the DPO such that he is allowed to do other tasks on the shiprsquos bridge Once the condition-monitoring system detects a (potential) problem in the system an alarm is triggered and the operator returns to the DP station There the operator-support system quickly informs the operator on the systemrsquos status and the detected problem Simultaneously this support system analyses the detected problem tries to find the root cause and advises the operator on how to deal with the problem

By adding condition-monitoring and operator-support systems to the DP system DP operations can be done in three different modes

bull Normal operation In this type of operation the condition-monitoring system takes over the monitoring task from the DPO such that the system works autonomously and the operator can perform other tasks However the operator should be nearby the DP station in order to react quickly if required

bull Alerted operation In some types of operations input from the DP operator is frequently required In such operations the system operates in alerted mode where the operator continuously attends the DP system The condition-monitoring system is also active in order to detect a potential problem in a very early stage This mode of operation will also be chosen in ldquohigh-riskrdquo operations which have a higher risk of problems in the system (for instance in bad weather or close proximity operations)

bull Emergency mode This mode becomes active once a problem has been detected The operator is at the DP station and the operator-support system is assisting him in finding the root cause of the problem and taking appropriate action to prevent an incident

These three modes of operation will improve the DP operatorrsquos workload in each operational situation In normal operations the current ldquolow workloadrdquo is prevented because the operator is allowed to leave the DP station and perform other tasks The high DPO workload after detection of a problem is lowered by the operator-support system which partly takes over the tasks of the operator In this way the operator can focus on the main problem and act quickly to save valuable time in emergency situations

Both the condition-monitoring and operator-support systems will be developed and tested in a research environment For this purpose a DP simulation model is being developed which consists of a vessel simulation model and a DP control system

After testing and development on this simulator the systems will be implemented as ldquoadd-onsrdquo to DP systems They will use information from the DP systemrsquos sensors and will not be able to feed information into the DP system In this way the systems will operate completely separated from the DP system The figure below gives a schematic overview of the DP simulator with the condition-monitoring and operator-support modules attached

The intention of the uDP research project is not to replace the DPO by automated systems as human input and judgement of situations is recognized as an essential element in special circumstances A human operator will outperform an automated system in taking correct decisions in complicated processes as DP operations The condition-monitoring and operator-support systems are intended to assist the DPO in his work and to optimize his workload and working situation It is expected that this will improve the operatorrsquos job satisfaction and reduce the amount of operator-related incidents

Block Partyhow the pieces of the puzzle come together

Hear No EvilSee No EvilSay No Evil

SAFETY REPORTINGWHY BOTHER

IMCA recently published its annual review of DP Station Keeping Incidents for 2007 (IMCA M198) Sixty-seven incident reports were received during the period under review under the following categories Incident

An undesired event While other categories exist there were no reports assigned as ldquodown-timerdquo ldquonear-missesrdquo or ldquohazard observationsrdquo

IMCA is currently undertaking a review of their DP incident reporting and analysis scheme They are assessing the need to make additions or amendments to both the scheme and the reporting in order to elicit better information and to produce more meaningful analysis They are also taking a view on the final reports produced to see whether improvements can be made with regards to lessons learnt actions taken to prevent recurrence etc

The revision also aims to encourage more reporting so that a comprehensive overall picture of incidents their causes and the lessons learnt can be presented Reporting is vital but there is a problem across the entire shipping industry of undernone reporting Why are we not reporting and why should we

Clearly the old saying lsquoprevention is better than curersquo is a truism with which few would disagree However if an accident does happen then it is important to seize the opportunity to study the circumstances carefully and learn whatever lessons ensure such mistakes are not repeated

Section 9 of the ISM Code sets out requirements for lsquoReports and analysis of non-conformities accidents and hazardous occurrencesrsquo it states91 The safety management system should include procedures ensuring that non-conformities accidents and hazardous situations are reported to the Company investigated and analyzed with the objective of improving safety and pollution prevention 92 The Company should establish procedures for the implementation of corrective action

We do not need to wait for accidents to realise that something is going wrong Hazardous occurrences near misses and non-conformities are all learning opportunities - by reporting and analysing these incidents we can understand what is starting to go wrong and we can introduce corrective action before the accident actually occurs

However a general reluctance to report appears to exist among masters and seafarers ndash there are various reasons for this some think it due to personnel fearful of missing promotion or of dismissal as such it is very important that the DP Vessel Owners foster a positive climate to encourage reporting

There are a significant number of very large legal cases around the world - fatalities pollutions collisions sinkings etc etc which during investigations it all too often becomes apparent that many of the causal factors which actually lead to the incident could have been detected at an early stage if those onboard had been alert to identifying reporting and analysing the hazardous occurrences near misses - and of course implementing the appropriate corrective action

There is no doubt therefore that most accidents can be prevented As the old saying goes - lsquoIf your think safety is expensive - try having an accidentrsquo The problem is trying to persuade people to report these things

One recent court battle which held the key to a claim worth literally hundreds of millions of US Dollars was basically down to inappropriate methods of passage planning - which could have been picked up months before the incident - there would have been plenty of warning bells sounding With proper passage planning (and good seamanship) the lsquoaccidentrsquo would never have occurredand there are all too many parallels in with regards to DP This is not an ldquoold schoolrdquo shipping issue

By encouraging reporting of near misses we can learn important lessons and take remedial actions before a full scale accident occurs Reference to the investigation reports of ldquoViking Islayrdquo and ldquoBourbon Dolphinrdquo there were probable weaknesses in the SMS and the tragic accidents could have been avoided if the problems were detected via early reporting like Near Miss reporting

Based on the study conducted by the IMO (MSC81171 21st December 2005) a survey showed that 20 of the shipping companies felt that analysis of near missesincidents and accidents and the related investigations resulted in determination of the root cause and preventative measures The study further adds that

lsquolsquoIt is essential that the SMS continues to make improvements over time based on the feedback received from the seafarers auditors shore based personnel audit reports that include non-conformities and incident reports Continuous improvement is a feature of ISM compliancersquorsquo

The Oil Companies International Marine Forumrsquos (OCIMF) ldquoTanker Management Self-Assessment schemerdquo further encourages reporting While investigating incidents is also good business if one can prevent recurrence and reduce the likelihood of other incidents with the same root causes costs (human environmental and property) associated with incidents can be eliminated

As a best practice adopted by TMSA the ship operator has procedures that compel prompt investigation of all incidents or accidents including high-potential near misses This is something we in the DP sector can learn from and adopt too

It is not simply about learning lessons and mitigating risks In case of any accident the reports of non-conformities accidents and hazardous occurrences are also likely to be examined carefully by lawyers If there are no reports then it is likely that this will be viewed as being improbable and very suspicious by an investigator or the court So let us look again at the IMCA datahelliprdquoNo reports that could be categorised as ldquodown-timerdquo ldquonear-missesrdquo or ldquohazard observationsrdquohellipcan this possibly be true that near misses and hazards have finally been eradicated We fear perhaps not and hope the proposed changes to reporting will create a more representative and realistic view

IMCA has maintained the database of DP incident reports from dynamically positioned vessels for over 20 years Each year the reports are collated and an ldquoanonymisedrdquo analysis of the incidents is issued This helps establish trends in incidents for discussion with vessel operators equipment suppliers training establishments and others to address particular issues The results have helped keep the DP fleet operational safe and acceptable to authorities by feeding into improvements in

Copies of the DP Station Keeping Incidents for 2007 (IMCA M198)

are available at pound10 for IMCA members (who can also

download the document free of charge from the membersrsquo

website) and pound20 for non-members (plus 20 for delivery outside

Europe) from wwwimca-intcom

As a member of IDPOA you have access to our AIMS scheme ndash

ldquoAccidents Incidents Misses and Station-Keepingrdquohellipthis reporting scheme and

searchable database allow you to record instances which if shared

could help improve safety

It is not meant to replicate or replace your company reporting scheme nor

indeed IMCArsquos ndash but it is another resource for you as we want and need

to encourage increased reporting

DP training and certification has been to fore recently not least at The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Where a proposal from IMCA OCIMF to include DP training in Part B chapter 5 of STCW was debated at the recent intersessional meeting held in London

With DP training slowly moving under the auspices of STCW it is interesting to also note The Nautical Institute has now been accepted as a Non-Governmental Consultative Organization (NGO) within the IMO

Keep an eye on the IDPOA Recruitment Map for full details of training providers and courses

Thanks to our Training Members for their support

Beier Radio Inc Bibby Ukraine and Mumbai Converteam Inc IMOSTI Manila Norwegian Training Centre Manila Ship Manoeuvring Simulator Centre AS

bull bull bull bull bull bull

The Kongsberg Maritime training centre in Aberdeen has moved to a purpose built training centre Their new 5000 square foot training and marine simulation centre now joins their expanding group of seven DP training centres worldwide

We wish them every success particularly as lecturers Conway Lawson and Keira Togneri are fellows of IDPOA

During 2009 the training footprint of the NI DP scheme has widened into some hitherto untouched areas most noticeably Australia and China

With AMC in Tasmania Kongsberg in Shanghai and Aboa Mare in Turku the spread of training provision is growing and growing Add to that the new centre in Mumbai recently opened by C-Mar (Steven Jones and Mark Pointon pictured right congratulating DP Centre Manager Surendra Upadhyay) and there are now approaching 55 Centres worldwide

Itrsquos not just about the new centres though as every 5 years DP training centres have to go through a re-accreditation process Since the launch of IDPOA there have been a number of centres which have come through the process successfully With the DP training centres in Canada (Holland College and CMS St Johnrsquos) Satakunta in Finland Kalmar in Sweden The Sir Derek Bibby DP Centre in Mumbai The DP Centre London and Kongsberg Maritime in Aberdeen all retaining their prized NI status

Global DPTraining News

In a highly competitive environment Bibby Ship Bibby Ship Managementrsquos objective is to become a market Managementrsquos dedication to quality brings economic leading ship management company which operates globally advantages to its clients In particular the companyrsquos in every sector of the marine industry be it commodities or adherence to stringent quality management systems specialist services industry foresight and professional integrity mean that the long term interests of clients are prioritised Ultimately Bibby Ship Managementrsquos vision is to develop

and deliver best in class innovative and profi table ship management solutions for clients across the globe and to build joint venture partnerships where the right opportunities exist

Our Services

bull Technical Management bull Business and Marine Travel bull UK Trainee Offi cer and Rating bull Crew Management Services bull Industrial Relations Management

bull Training and Development bull Flag State Management bull Dynamic Positioning Training

bull Employment and Payroll Services bull Yacht Management Services bull Training and Competence Assurance

The NI DP Certification team

THE FAB FORUM

As anyone with even the slightest interest in DP knows - The Nautical Institute (NI) DP training scheme is the Industry recognised learning route to becoming a qualified Dynamic Positioning Operator (DPO) The NI manages the certification criteria certification of DPOrsquos and the accreditation of the training providers

To ensure that amendments to the scheme and decisions affecting it are made with formal consultation to the wider community a new group was formed The DP Training Executive Group (DP-TEG)

This pan-industry forum made up of training providers trade orgnaisations and professional associations seeks to make decisions and to implement actions to improve the NIrsquos DP training system with devolved power from the NI Council in a way which reflects the expanded global approach to training

Just like the DP industry itself training methods and technology change with time and develop In order to ensure that the scheme meets current industry needs DP-TEG was established to facilitate communication and input from a broad range of stakeholders

The Nautical Institutersquos Captain Mark Pointon fDPO

outlines key elements of DP Certification and the Dynamic

Positioning - Training Executive Group (DP-TEG)

It is envisaged that IDPOA will become an observer providing valuable DPO representation and input into DP-TEG

The remit of DP-TEG is to review and develop the Nautical Institute DP Operator training scheme and to evaluate its effectiveness in providing the DP industry with competent DP Operators

The areas currently under review are bull Assessment on shore based courses bull Basic Induction course content bull Instructor qualifications experience

training bull DP simulator specifications and the bull Development of a DP time reduction

framework

This work is ongoing some elements such as the Instructor qualifications experience and training and DP time reduction framework are complete with others nearing completion

It is expected to have the amended curriculum and assessment in place by the end of 2009 and have assessment on the Basic Induction course fully implemented by the beginning of 2010

To date the number of DP certificates issued is in excess of 10000 and the

current number of accredited training providers stands at 54 So as you can see there is positive change as the industry and training evolve to meet the needs and demands of the future

The DP Operators training scheme was considered to be a ldquoGold standardrdquo when it was developed the work of DP-TEG will ensure that this standard will be maintained as we move into the second decade of this century

There have been some concerns voiced in the past conerning certifcation - and we are pleased to announce a new team dedicated to processing applications is now in place With new and improved systems and procedures in operations the current turn around for applications is now just one week

However there are still many applications which arrive either incomplete or with complications This slows the process and can cause frustrations at both ends Please therefore ensure you have completed the application correctly

You can find out more on our website wwwnautinstorg where there is an excellent step-by-step guide to correctly completing your application

NI Certification Team

SHIP to SUREHOME OR AWAY THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY YOU JUST CANrsquoT SAIL WITHOUT

PS3 SLIM Technology enhancements aside this superslim upgrade to Sonyrsquos playstation console means yoursquoll now have more space for underpants socks and other non-essentials in your luggage

Prices have been slashed to XBox bothering levels

RRP varies by country but expect around $299

LG GD910 WATCH PHONE Dick Tracey may have gotten Madonna but now you can have his watch Reviews seem positive

- calling it ldquoa gorgeous bit of kitrdquo but while looks are important it also works well as a phone

The small screen is very responsive to fingers sliding across its shiny surface the T9 keypad is surprisingly easy to type on and the Bluetooth syncing is nigh on instant when

you flick on the headset Oh and it even plays MP3rsquos

RRP - various dependent on country and phone service provider

Wowee SPYBALL When the DPOrsquos away will the cat play Spyball is a mobile webcam that rolls on wheels this little beast can perform nimble 360 degree turns or can transform into a ball for even greater stealth

Any WiFi enabled device that can connect to an 80211 b (but not g) network device can access Spyballrsquos camera to view either live video or still images The spy bot comes with a microphone too

RRP for the SPYBALL $149 Seeing how many times the Postman really knocks Priceless

FinePix REAL 3D Want to remember how the Bosun looked in stunning 3D Or to record the last

repeater slipping over the stern on your latest cable job Well we have the product for you The Fuji FinePix REAL 3D delivers 3D without special glasses and does so

with surprisingly realistic detail

It really does work Well kind of RRP $600

CINEMIN SWIVEL Introducing the Cinemintrade Swivel portable multimedia pico projector Powered by TIrsquos DLP Technology for ultra clear picture quality and designed to work with handheld devices like Applersquos iPod and iPhone Cinemin takes projection out of boardrooms and movie theaters and into the palm of your hand and onto your cabin bulkhead

RRP $39999

SAITEK A-200 PORTABLE 21 SPEAKER SYSTEM Whatrsquos small cheap and can just about get the job done No not the new Junior DPO This

rather nifty intergalactically styled portable speaker system The Saitek will propel your sound light years ahead Even at high volumes the A-200 remains focused sharp and crisp Just 4

AAA batteries will keep its two Tweeters and built in woofer pumping till next watch

RRP $99

Jobs Board

Members and Fellows of IDPOA can apply for these jobs and many more directly via the website You can also upload your CV and give access to recruiters currently looking for new staff

Visit wwwdpoperatorsorg and sign-up today for the latest DP jobs

Other Vacancies include

Master Anchor Handling

Senior DPO Diving Support

Junior DPO Survey Vessel

Master Supply Vessel

Senior DPO ROV Support

Chief Engineer Anchor Handling

Senior DPO Senior DPO wanted for PSV AHT work Client is urgently seeking DPO for their DP ROV support vessel Contract work for first hitch thereafter sucessful candidate could be made permanent

Superintendent Clients operating PSV AHT and multi-role vessels are seeking an Engineering Technical Superintendent to supplement their Aberdeen operations

Monday to Friday 8am to 530pm with a rota of on-call duty every 3 weeks May be required to attend and remain at dry-docks Good package of benefits

Chief Engineer with Class 1 certificate of Competency and DP offshore vessels experienceCandidates must have the right to live and work in the UK

Junior DPO Experienced Dp Operators required for ongoing vacancies worldwide

Must have experience as DPO with appropriate certification Consideration may be given to officers who are part way through the DP Operators certification process

Master DSV Master urgently sought by leading Norwegian Offshore company 3000kw 5wo5wo Far East Maintenance and Inspection DP2 Senior DPO

DPO on a DSV operating in theFar East working 6 week tours ofduty Must hold unlimited DPOcertificate and have substantialsea-service record on DSVrsquos Trainee DPOrsquos

We want to hear from you if you have completed your BasicInduction DP Course

Chief Engineer Urgently wanted for shorebased position based in Aberdeen

this role involves international travel

Role involves

DP FMEA amp FMECA development

DP FMEA amp FMECA reports trials

development and witness offshore

DP Assurance audits amp IMCA CMID surveys

DP Incident investigations

DP Vessel suitability amp upgrade surveys

bullbull

bullbullbull

Qualified to degree level sailed

as a Chief Engineer with DP2

DP3 experience Consultancy

experience highly desirable

also strong experience in the

offshore industry with the ability

to conduct a variety of tasks

including FMEA audits surveys

and incident investigations

2nd OfficerDPO 2O DPO required for DP2 Cable layer Must have full DP operators certificate and good cable laying experience

Master

Master Opportunity within a managed fleet of sophisticated Dive Support Vessels

Candidates must have a proven employment history as Master on a DP-DSV hold an unlimited DP Operators certifcate and have a substantial sea-service record in the offshore industry

Current certification and offshore qualifications required for immediate deployment world-wide

Chief OfficerSDPO SDPO required for DP2 Cable layer Must have full DP operators certificate and extensive operational DP experience

Lecturer

Senior DPOClient within the Marine Industry operating PSV AHT and multi-role vessels is urgently seeking a 2nd Officer DPO for their DP ROV support vessel Initially a 9 month temporary assignment to cover for study leave and could become permanent thereafter

Extremely experienced and qualified The role offers individual challenges where the instructor can develop Masters (10years +) required to skills in teamwork as well as in individual work work on VS 486 Anchor Handling Vessels including New-builds which For Master Chief Officer are based overseas in West Africa bull DP certificate and and Brazil experience as Master or

Chief Officer Deepwater and Anchor Handling bull Experience of DP experience required as is the ability operations to work in adverse conditions

For Technician bull Experience from design

production installation or operation of DP systems with good knowledge of DP reference systems

Experience as instructor is wanted but necessary Instructor training will be given Good knowledge of English usage and highly developed communication skills

Whatrsquos on 200914-16

Oct

Deepwater Southeast Asia Congress 2009 (DSAC 09) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia wwwdsacongresscom

16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct

Offshore Middle East (OME) 2009 Bahrain International Exhibition Centre wwwoffshoremiddleeastcom

Deep OffshoreTechnology (DOT) Monaco 2009 Grimaldi Forum Monte Carlo Monaco wwwdeepoffshoretechnologycom

Asia Offshore Operation amp Development (AODD) 2009 Beijing amp Qingdao China wwwasiaoffshoreonlinecom

Whenever and wherever possible IDPOA negotiate member discounts with conference organisers so donrsquot forget to mention your

membership when booking your tickets

Debate and engagement are important parts of professionalism - donrsquot forget to log any conferences or courses you attend within your IDPOA CPD

portfolioall part of your membership tools

To promote events in 6degrees or on the IDPOA website wwwdpoperatorsorg email us for more details - corporatedpoperatorsorg

Issue 2 is distributed January 2010

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$OOLQFRQIHUHQFH

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2IIVKRUH2SHUDWLRQHYHORSPHQW

RRNLQJEHRQGWRGDparaVZHDNQHVVWR DGGUHVVRIIVKRUHORQJHUWHUPFKDOOHQJHV

$VLD

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who

Making Progress















Search for Seatime



























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About Me






















Ian Giddings fDPO

Technical Advisor

INDUSTRY PARTNERS













DPULTIMATE


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







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bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct



































who

Making Progress















Search for Seatime



























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About Me






















Ian Giddings fDPO

Technical Advisor

INDUSTRY PARTNERS













DPULTIMATE


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct










Search for Seatime



























and in doing so




















About Me






















Ian Giddings fDPO

Technical Advisor

INDUSTRY PARTNERS













DPULTIMATE


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct



































and in doing so




















About Me






















Ian Giddings fDPO

Technical Advisor

INDUSTRY PARTNERS













DPULTIMATE


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct
























About Me






















Ian Giddings fDPO

Technical Advisor

INDUSTRY PARTNERS













DPULTIMATE


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct











Ian Giddings fDPO

Technical Advisor

INDUSTRY PARTNERS













DPULTIMATE


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct










DPULTIMATE


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct


































































Our Services





THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct











THE FAB FORUM












framework



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct



























RRP $39999




RRP $99

Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct










Jobs Board





















Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct












Role involves







bullbull

bullbullbull











Master





Lecturer








Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct











Oct


16-19 Nov

3-5 Nov

27-29 Oct










6degrees - international dynamic positioning operators ...views and reviews from the international...

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