7. conducting eia in conflict affected areas - aung kyaw soe
TRANSCRIPT
Conducting EIA in Conflict Affected
Areas
17 November , 2017Rose Garden Hotel, Yangon
Aung Kyaw SoeManager-Extractives ProgrammeMyanmar Centre for Responsible Business (MCRB)E-mail: [email protected]
THE NATIONWIDE CEASEFIRE AGREEMENT (NCA)αα αΈαααΈαααα αΈαααΈαααΈαααΈαααααΈα α±α αα±αα¬αα α¬αααΈ
(25) a. The Ethnic Armed Organizations that are signatories to this agreement have been responsible in their relevant capacities,for development and security in their respective areas. During the period of signing ceasefire and political dialogue, we shallcarry out the following programs and projects in coordination with each other in said areas.
(1) Projects concerning the health, education and socio-economic development of civilians. () αααΈαααα αααΈαα¬α±αα ααα¬α±αα αααα±αααΌααΈ α αα»α¬α±ααααΈαα¬ α‘α±αααα»ααΏαααααΈα±ααααΈαααΈαα¬α
(2) Environmental conservation. (αΏ) ααα¬αααΈααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈα±ααααΈαα¬ αα α₯αααΈαα¬α
b. Planning of projects that may have a major impact on civilians living in ceasefire areas shall be undertaken in consultation withlocal communities in accordance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) Standard procedures and coordinatedwith relevant the Ethnic Armed Organizations for implementation.(α) α‘αα αΈαααΈα±ααα‘αα»ααΈ α±ααααααΈαααα‘α±αα α‘ααααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα αααα¬α±αα¬ α ααααΈαα¬α αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαααΈ αααΌαα«α ααα¬αααα¬ααα¬αα»ααΈαααΈαααΈαα¬αα α±αα¬αΈα±αα¬ααΈα±αα‘αα»α (EITI) α αααΈααααΈαααΈαα¬α‘αααΈ α±ααααααΈαααααΌααΈααΌααΌααΈ α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαα»α¬αααΈααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαααΈα‘αα»αααααΌααΈ ααΌααΌααΈα α‘α±αα¬ααΈα‘αααΈα±αα¬αΈ α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈ αα»α¬αααΈα
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Public participation in conflict-affected areasααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αα»ααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈααα±αα«ααΈ αα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ
Public Participation processes should be planned and carried out with specific attention to the context because conflict affectedareas present unique challenges.
α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈα ααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αα»ααΈ ααααΈαααΈα±α α αα±ααα»αΏα αααΈαααΈαα¬ α‘α±αα‘α±αα‘α±αα α‘αα‘α±ααα¬ α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα α‘α±αΎαα¬ααΈααΌα¬- ααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬ α±ααα¬αα¬αααΈ ααα¬α ααΈα±αααααα¬ ααΌα±ααααΈα±αΎαα¬ααΈαα αΈαααΈα
(i) Any public participation process needs to be conflict sensitive.
α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈα±α αααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαα αΈαααΈαααΈ ααααα‘αα¬α αααα¬α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αα‘ααΈαααΈα
(ii) This should be reflected in the Public Participation Plan.
α€α‘αααΈαααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈα‘α α‘α α₯αΈαα»ααΈ αααΈαααΈα±ααααΈαααΈα
b) There are regional differences in conflicts, and in relation to different ethnic armed organizations (EAOs). Project Proponents and ECD should adapt public participation processes to each particular circumstance.
αααΈαααΈ/αααΈα±ααααα‘αααΈ ααααα‘αα¬αααΈ αα» αα¬αααΈα‘αααΈ αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈααΈααΈα‘αα»ααα¬ αα» αα¬ααααΌααΈ αααΈα ααΈαααΈα α ααααΈα‘ααααα¬ααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈα±αα₯α αα¬ααααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈααα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈα±α αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαα¬α αααΈαααΈαα¬α‘α±αα‘α±α αα αΈααααΈα‘αααΈ αααΈα±αα¬αα±αα» α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα
3Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
c) Address the key challenges of engaging and operating in conflict-affected areas, including:
α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯αΈαααΈ ααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αα»ααΈ αααΈαααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈααααΈααΈαα¬ α‘ααα ααΈα±αααααα¬α‘αα«α‘αααΈ α±α‘α¬ααΈαα«ααα α±αααΌααΈ α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈ αααΈαααΈ-
(i) carrying out specific conflict analysis and planning to make sure the public participation process is conflict-sensitive;
ααα¬ααααα‘αααΈα α αΈααααΌααΈ α αα±ααα»ααααααΈα α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαααΈ ααααα‘α‘α±αα αααα¬α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαα αΈα±α αααΈ αα‘ααΈαααΈα
(ii) addressing potential unintended consequences by understanding how the project is likely to affect existing relations andaddressing this as part of the consultation;
α ααααΈαααΈ αααΈααΌ αααΈαα±ααα¬α αααΈαα αααΈα±αα¬ααΈα±α αααΈα α±αα¬ααΈα α»α¬ αα¬αααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα±αα» α±αα» α‘α±αααΌα¬αααΈαααΈ ααααΈαα»ααΈαα¬α±αα¬ αα α₯αααΈαα¬ αα αΈαα»α¬αααΈα±αα α±ααΌα¬ααααΈα
(iii) gaining access to relevant stakeholders and appropriate strategies for on-ground engagement;
αααΈααΈααΈαα¬ αααΈαααΈαααΈαα»ααΈααα¬α αααΈα±αα»ααααΈαααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αααΈα±αα¬αΈα±αα¬ ααα¬ααα¬αα¬α αααΈααΌααΈαα±α αααΈα
(iv) building trust over the short and long-term in communities that may be suspicious and distrustful;
ααα‘αααΈα‘αααΈα αααααΌααΈ αααΎαααΈαααα¬ ααΌαααΈαΈααααΈ αα¬ααα αα¬αααΌααΈ ααΎαααΈαααααΈα±αα¬ααΈαααΈα
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Public participation in conflict-affected areasααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αα»ααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈααα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ
Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
(v) balancing all perspectives to make sure those potentially impacted by the Project Proposal in particular are heard;
α ααααΈα‘ααααα¬α±αΎαα¬ααΈ ααααΈαααΈαα»ααΈααΌαααΈα αΎαα¬ααα¬ααααΈαα α₯αα¬α‘α¬ ααα±αα¬ααΈα ααΌ αααΈααΌαααΈα
(vi) addressing expectations, which can become higher and more volatile if misunderstood, managed poorly, or unmet;
α±ααΌα¬αΈααΌααΈαααΈαΈαα¬α‘α¬ αα¬ααααΈα α ααααΈααα»αα α‘α¬αααΈααΌααΈ ααααααΈ ααααΈαααΌααΈ αα±ααΌα¬αΈααΌααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈ αααααΈαα¬αα¬ααααΈααααΈαα αΈαα»ααΈααααΈ α±ααΌα¬αΈααΌααΈαααΈαα¬α‘α¬ αααΈαα»ααΈα±αααΌααΈαααΈα
(vii) ensuring the security of staff and stakeholders participating in the public participation process; and
α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαα»ααΈ αα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ α ααααΈααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈαααΈαα»ααΈααα¬α‘α¬α±ααααΈααΏαααααΌα±α αααΈα
(viii) devoting sufficient time and resources given the additional challenges.
α±αα¬ααΈαα¬αααΈ α ααΈα±αααααα¬α‘αα»ααΈ α‘αααΈααΌααΈ α‘αααΈα‘αα αΈ α‘αα‘α±αα¬ααΈ α±αα‘ααΈααΌααΈααΌα±α αααΈα
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Public participation in conflict-affected areasααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αα»ααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈααα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ
Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
6
Discussion + Feedback on Experience
Conduct analysis and planningαααΈα α αΈαααΈααΌααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯αΈα±ααα»αααΈ
a) Should inform themselves about the conflict dynamics, context and sensitivities, including by:
α ααααΈα‘ααααααΈ α±α‘α¬ααΈαα«ααα‘αα«α‘ααΈ ααααα‘ α‘α±αα¬ααΈ α‘ααα¬α α‘αααΈα‘αααΈααΌααΈ α‘αααΈα‘α±α α¬ααΈ αααααα¬α‘α¬ αααΈαααΈαααΈα‘αα±ααααΈαααΈα
(i) Mapping different EAOs, the different ethnic groups and the relations between them; and
α ααααΈα‘ααα±ααα¬α‘αα»ααΈ αααΈαααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈα±ααααΈ αααΈαααΈαα¬ αααΈαααΈαααΈα‘αα»αα‘ααα αααΈαααΈαα¬α‘ααΈα α‘ααααΌααΈ αααΈααα‘αΎαα¬ αααΈαα±αα‘α±αα‘α±ααα¬α α±ααα¬αααΈα
(ii) Identifying contacts and intermediaries.
αααΈααα‘α¬ αααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα α¬αα¬ααΌααΈ αΎαα¬αααα¬α α α α αΈαααΈααΌααΈαααΈα
b) Should consider engaging with experts to advise on conflict-sensitive business practices and the local context.
α ααααΈα‘ααααααΈ αα»ααΈαααΈααα¬ααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈα α‘αααΈ α‘α±α α¬ααΈαααααΈ ααααα‘ α±ααα¬αα»ααΈ α αα»α¬α±α αααΈαααΈαα α‘α±αα‘αααΈαα¬ααΌααΈα±ααααα‘α±αα‘α±ααα¬αααΈαα¬ α‘ααα₯α¬ααΈαααααΈ α α₯αΈα α¬αααΈαααΈα
7Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
b) Consider the potential unintended consequences αα αΈαα¬ααΈααΈαααΈ ααααΈαα»ααΈαα¬α±αα¬ α‘ααααΈαα¬α αααΈα α₯αΈα α¬αααΈ α‘α±ααααααΈα
(i) Should consider whether the introduction of a new resource might affect existing or latent conflict dynamics.
α ααααΈα‘ααααααΈ αααα¬αα‘αα αΈαα αΈαα αααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈ ααΌαααΈα α» ααααααΈ αααΈα±αα±αα¬ ααααα‘αα¬ ααααΈααΌα¬αααΈαααΈ α±α ααΈαΈααΈαααΈ ααΌ/αααΌαααΈα α₯αΈα α¬αααΈαααΈα
(ii) This inquiry should be multi-layered ; Should take into consideration not only what benefits will accrue to local communities but alsowhether the proposed project will spur increased competition among communities and also consider whether the project would requireincreased police or military presence in the area, or more in-migration that could increase resentment and tension with those inside andoutside the Project Proposal area.
α α ααΈα±ααααΈααα‘α¬ α‘ααα¬α±αα«ααΈα αα»ααΈ αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα α₯ααα¬- α ααααΈαΈ α‘ααααααΈ α±ααα α‘αααΈα‘αααΈα‘αα»ααΈ αααΈαααΈ α‘αα±αααα¬ααα¬αααΈααααΈααα¬αα α‘αα α ααααΈαααΈ α±αααα‘αααΈα‘αααΈαα¬α‘αΎαα¬ ααΌα₯αΈαΏαααΈαααα¬ ααα»α¬αααΈ α±α α±αα¬αΈαααΈ/ αα±α α±αα¬αΈαααΈααα«αααΈα α₯αΈα α¬αααΈαααΈα α ααααΈα§ααα¬αα»ααΈ ααααΈαα»α (ααααααΈ) α α αΈαααΈαα¬ αααα¬ααΌαααΈ α/αα (ααααααΈ) α±αααα±αα¬ααΈ α±ααααΈααα¬αα¬αα¬ααΌααΈα‘ααα ααααΈα§ααα¬α‘αα»ααΈ ααΌααΈ αααΈααα»ααΈ α±ααααΈααα¬ α‘α±αααΌααΈ αα±αααααΈααααΌααΈ αααΈα‘α¬αα¬ αααΈαααΈ αα¬αααΈαααΈααααΈ αααΈα α₯αΈα α¬αααΈαααΈα
d) Consider these issues itself and build them into the public participation process in a careful manner, being sensitive to the possibility ofstirring up concerns.
α ααααΈα‘ααααααΈ α‘αααΈαα«αα α₯αααΈαα¬α αααΈα α₯αΈα α¬α α αααΈααααΈα±ααααΈαα α₯αα¬ α±αα¬α±ααααααΈα±αα»αα»α¬αααΈαααΈα αααα±αα¬ α‘α¬αααΈα‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈα α±ααα¬ ααα ααΈ α±ααα»αααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈα
a) Public participation processes should include a wider range of stakeholders than in non-conflict areas.
ααααα‘ ααα αΈαα»α¬α±αα¬α§ααα¬αα¬αααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«αααΈα±ααααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαα¬αα»ααΈ α ααααΈααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈαααΈαα»ααΈαα‘α¬α αααΈαααΈαααΈααααΈα αα«αααΈα±α αααΈαααΈα
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Consider unintended consequencesααααΈαα»ααΈαα¬αααΈ α‘ααααΈαα¬α‘α¬ αααΈαα»ααΈα α₯αΈα α¬αααΈ
Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
Seek to gain access to the full range of stakeholdersα ααααΈααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈαααΈαα»ααΈαα‘α¬α α‘αααΈα‘α αααΈααΌααΈααααΈ α‘α¬αααΈαααΈ
b) Plan for the additional political, logistical and security challenges of consulting these additional groups:
αααΈαααα¬αααΈαα‘ααΈα αα¬ααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈα±αα»α±αα»αααΈαααΈ αααΈαααα¬αααΈαααΈ αααΈαα±ααααΈαα¬ α±αα¬ααΈαααα±αα¬ααΈα±ααααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ ααΏαα±ααααΈαα¬α ααΈα±αααααα¬α‘αα»ααΈ α αα±ααα»αα¬αααΈ αα‘ααΈαααΈ -
(i) State and Regional Governments, including any state/region ministers with a relevant ethnic affairs portfolio: it will be important tounderstand their perspective on the conflict and their development plans for the State or Region.
αααΈαααΈαα¬α±ααα¬ αααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈ/αααΈα±αααα αααΈαααα αΈα₯ α‘αα«α‘αααΈα αααΈαααΈαα¬ αααΈαααΈααΌααΈ αααΈα±αααα α‘α ααα¬α ααααα‘α‘α±αααααΈααα‘αααΈααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈ ααααααΈ αααΈα±αααα αα»ααΏαααααΈα±αα‘αα»ααΈ αααΈαα α ααααΈαα¬α αα¬αααΈαα¬αααΈ α‘α±αααα±ααααΈα
(ii) No prior links or contacts in a conflict-affected area to contact and discuss with EAOs directly./ Need to use experts and organisationsoperating in the area to make contacts and open a dialogue. Should consider facilitation by trusted individuals or organisations with strongtrack record of engagement in the area.
ααααα‘ αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬ααΌ αααΈαααΈαα¬ αααΈαααΈαααΈ α‘αα»ααα¬ααΌααΈ αααααΈαααΈαααΈαα¬αααα¬ ααααααΈ α‘αααΈα‘αα»ααΈαα¬ αααααΈαααα¬αααα¬ αααΌααΌααΈαααΈααααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα±αα»α±αα»αααΈ ααα αΈααΈααΈαα«α/ αα»ααΈαααΈααα¬ααΌααΈ α‘αα»αα‘α ααΈαα¬α‘α¬ α‘αααααΈ αα‘ααΈαααΈαααΈα/ ααΎαααΈαα±αα¬ ααα’ααΈαα¬ααααααΈ α‘αα»αα‘α ααΈαα¬α αααα αααααΈ α α₯αΈα α¬αααΈαααΈα
(iii) Should consulted separately / Should be aware of the dynamics between different ethnic groups and consider separate consultations, inlocal languages, to understand each communityβs local concerns and inter-community relationships and dynamics.
αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαααΈ α‘αα»αα‘α ααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ α±ααααα¬α ααα¬α αααΈαααΈα±αα»α±αα»αααΈαααΈα/αααα» αα¬ αααα¬α αααΌαα¬αΏα α±ααααα¬αα¬α αα¬αα¬αααΈ ααα¬αααΈαααΈα±αα»α±αα»αααΈ α α₯αΈα α¬αααΈαααΈα α αααΈααααΈαααα¬ααΌααΈ α‘αααΈα‘αααΈαα¬α‘αΎαα¬ αααΈαα±ααα¬ααΌααΈ αααα»αα¬αααα¬ααα¬αααΈα±ααααΈα
9Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
10
Discussion + Feedback on Experience
Build trustααΎαααΈαα αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαααΈ
a) Should be aware of the likelihood of heightened scrutiny of proposed projects in conflict affected areas.
α ααααΈα‘ααααααΈ ααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬ααΌ α‘ααα ααααΈαα¬α‘α±αα α α ααΈ α‘ααααΈαααα¬ αααΈαααΈαα¬αα»ααΈ ααΌαααΈαααα¬αααΈαααΈα
b) This encompasses potential suspicion of both the private sector and the authorities granting approvals to the Project Proponent.
α€α‘αααΈα ααα’ααααααΌααΈ α ααααΈα‘αααα‘α¬ αα»ααΈααααΈαα±ααααΈ α‘α¬αα¬αααΈαα¬ α‘α±αα ααααα¬ ααααΈαΏααα¬αα»ααΈααΌαααΈαα±αα¬αΈααααΈα
c) Should be considered a part of longer-term engagement with communities and EAOs in conflict-affected areas.
α±ααα α‘αααΈα‘αααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ ααααα‘αα αΈαα»α¬αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬ααΌ αααΈαααΈαα¬ αααΈαααΈαααΈα‘αα»αα‘α ααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ α±αααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈ α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααα‘α ααΈα‘αααΈαα αΈαααΈα‘αα αΈ ααΌααΈαα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα
11Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
Balance viewsαααΈααΌα±αα¬α‘αααΈαα¬
a) Given the potential challenges in gaining access to all relevant stakeholders/should nonetheless try to ensure that all perspectives are represented as best as possible.
αα αΈαα¬ααΈααΈα±αα¬α ααΈα±αααααα¬α‘α αααΈαααΈαα¬ αααΈαααΈαααΈαα»ααΈα α‘α¬αα‘α¬ αααΈααΌααΈα αααΈαΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈ αααΈα α ααα±αα¬ααΈα ααΌα‘α±αα¬ααΈααα αΈα±α αααΈ ααα α¬α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα
b) Should attempt to ensure that those who may be impacted by the project are heard, amongst those with potentially more powerful voices in the process.
αΎααα¬α‘α¬αα¬αααΌααΈααΈα±αα¬ααα¬α α±αα¬αΎαα¬αααα¬α‘αααΈ α ααααΈα±αΎαα¬ααΈ ααααΈαα αΈαα¬αααΈαα α±αα¬α αα¬αα¬ααα« αΎαα¬ααααΈ EIA αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈα‘αα»ααΈ αααααΈαααΈαααΈα
c) Understanding how locals relate to the different authorities β both EAOs and the government β is an important part of ensuring that local communities have the opportunity and space to present their views.
α‘α¬αα¬αααΈα‘αα (αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαααΈα‘αα»αα‘α ααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ α‘α α α‘α¬αα¬αααΈαα¬) α‘α¬ αααΈαααααΈαααΈαααΈα αα¬αααΈαααΈαααΈα±αααα‘αααΈα‘αααΈαα¬αα‘αααΈα ααΌααΈαααΈ α±αα»α±αα»αααΈ α‘αα»ααΈα‘αααΈααΌααΈ α±ααα¬α±ααααααΈ α‘α±ααααααΈ α‘α ααΈα‘αααΈαα αΈαααΈαα αΈαααΈα
12Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
Address expectationsα±ααΌα¬αΈααΌααΈαααΈαα¬α αααΈαα»ααΈα±αααΌααΈαααΈ
a) Local communities and EAOs may be particularly concerned about who will, or is perceived to, benefit from the Project Proposal.
α±αααα‘αααΈα‘αααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαααΈα‘αα»αα‘α ααΈαα¬αααΈ α ααααΈ α‘ααααα¬ααΌ αααΈαα α‘αα‘αααΈ ααααΈ ααααααΈα‘ααα α¬αα»ααΈααΌααΈαααΈαααΈααααΈα αα¬α±αα¬α‘α¬αααΈ α ααΈααααΈα±αα¬ααΈ ααααΈαααΈαααΈα
b) They may have exaggerated expectations about benefits from the Project Proposal, including employment, distribution of revenues, etc.
α ααααΈα‘ααααα¬ααΌααΈα ααΈαα₯αΈαααΈ α‘αα±αααα¬- α‘αααΈα‘αααΈα α‘αααΈαα»α±ααααα¬ α αααΈααα‘α±αα αααααα±ααΌα¬αΈααΌααΈ α±ααααΈαααΈααΌαααΈαααΈα
c) Expectations may focus on wider demands by ethnic groups for greater economic benefits, development and control of land and resources, with the potential for volatile responses if they are not met.
αααΈαααΈαα¬α‘ααΈα αα¬α αααΎααα¬α±αα¬ α αα»α¬α±αα‘αα‘αααΈαα¬α±αα¬ααΈααααΈα α±αααΌααΈ αααα¬ααα¬αααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈαα»ααΈ α±αα¬ααΈααΏαααΈααΌααΈα‘αα αααΈααα±αα¬ααΈααααΈα‘αααΈ ααααΌααΈ α ααΈαααΈα ααΈαααΈα α»α¬ αααΈααααΈαΏαααΈαα¬ αΏαα αΈαα¬αααΈαααΈα αααΈαααΌααΈ αα¬αααΈαααΈα
13Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
Address expectationsα±ααΌα¬αΈααΌααΈαααΈαα¬α αααΈαα»ααΈα±αααΌααΈαααΈ
d) Should be aware of local sensitivities about land, and potentially conflicting land registers (if such registers exist at all). Forexample, an EAO may have its own land registration process, separate from the Union Government, and possibly not consistentwith it.
α ααααΈα‘ααααα¬αα»ααΈα±ααααΈαααΈ ααααααΈ α±αα‘αααααΈ αα«ααΌααΌααΈα α ααααΈα‘ααααααΈ α‘ααα«α±αααΌααΈα ααΈαα₯αΈα αααΈαααΈα‘αααΈα‘α±α α¬ααΈαααααα¬ααΌαααΈα α±αααΌααΈααααΈαα¬ααΌααΈαααΈ ααΌααΈααααΈαα α‘αααΈαα»α¬α±ααΏαααΈααΌ/αααΌ αααΌαα¬αααΈαααΈα α₯ααα¬- αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαααΈ α‘αα»αα‘α ααΈαα αΈαααΈα αααΈαααααΈαααΈα±ααα¬ααΌααΈααααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈ ααΌα±αα¬ααΈααΌαααΈα ααααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαααΈ αααΈα±αα¬ααΈα α‘α αα α±ααα¬ααΌααΈααααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈ ααΌααΈ αα»αα»ααΈαα¬ αα αΈαα¬αααΈααΏαα αΈαΏαααΈαααΈ ααΌαααΈαααΈα
e) Should particularly emphasise disclosure of information about the Project Proposal in an effort to manage the expectations oflocal communities. This should address potential impacts of the proposed project and explain potential benefits (if so advised byexperts) as this can be an important step in beginning to reduce suspicion and avoid exacerbating conflict.
α ααααΈα‘ααααα¬αααΈ α±αααα‘αααΈα‘αααΈα α±ααΌα¬αΈααΌααΈαααΈαα¬α α ααααΈααα»αααΈα‘αα»ααΈ α ααααΈα‘ααααα¬ααΌααΈ α ααΈαα₯αΈαααΈα‘αααΈα‘αααΈαα¬α αα»ααΈαααααΈ α‘αα‘α±αα±α α±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα αααααΏααα¬αα»ααΈ α‘ααΏαα ααααΈα±αΎαα¬ααΈ αΏαα αΈαα¬αααΈαααΈ ααααΈαα αΈαα¬αα»ααΈαα¬αα¬α αααΈααα±αα¬ααααΈααΌααΈ αααΌαα¬αααΈ α‘αα±αααα¬αααΌααΈαΏααααΈαααΈ (αα»ααΈαααΈααα¬ααΌααΈαα¬α αααααααΈαααΈα‘αΎααααΌααΈ)α α€α‘αααΈα ααααα¬α±αα¬ααααΈααΌααΈ ααααα‘αα¬ααΎαααααααΏαα αΈαααΈ α‘α±ααΎααααΈ ααα₯α±αΏαααΌααΈ αα αΈαααΈαΏαα αΈαααΈα
14Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
Address security as a core part of the processαααΈαααΈα α₯αΈα α‘α ααΈα‘αααΈαα αΈαααΈα‘αα αΈ α±ααααΈααΏαα±αα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ
a) Should be aware of and address security threats to those participating (including its own staff).
ααααα‘α‘α±αα‘αα¬α‘α α ααααΈα±ααΌα¬ααΈαα¬ααααΈ αα«ααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈααα¬ (α ααααΈααΈαααΈαα¬α‘αα«α‘ααΈ) α‘α±αα αα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αααΈααα±ααααΈαα¬αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαααα¬α ααα¬αααΈα α±αααΌααΈα±ααααΈαα‘ααΈαα«αααΈα
b) Threats may be posed by different groups including the military, police, EAOs or those who have an interest in the ProjectProposal.
α ααααΈα‘ααααα¬α‘α±αα α ααΈαα« ααΈα α¬ααα¬α‘α¬ αΏαααΈα±αα¬ααΈαααα¬α α α αΈαααΈα αα αααΈαααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαααΈ α‘αα»αα αααΈ α‘ααΈα α‘ααααΌαααΈ αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαααα¬ ααΌαααΈαααΈα
c) Should make every effort to minimise the possibility that stakeholders may be put at risk as a result of the public participationprocesses, and consider alternative meeting methods and locations if satisfactory arrangements cannot be agreed.
α ααααΈα‘ααααααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈααα±αα«ααΈαα«ααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαα¬αα»ααΈ αα«ααΈααα¬α ααααΈαααΈααα‘α¬ α±ααΌα¬ααααΈαααΈαααΈαααΈαααΌαααΈα±αα¬ααΈααααΈαα αΈα α α α₯αΈαα¬αααα¬α‘α±αα αα±αα¬ααααααααΌααΌααΈ α‘αα¬α±αα¬α±αα»αααα αααΈαααΈαα¬ααΌααΈ α±ααα¬ααααΈαααΈαα»ααΈα α₯αΈα α¬ααααΈαα αΈαααΈα
d) Government may want to arrange the presence of security personnel at consultations, a police/military presence, it is likely toreduce the willingness of local communities or other stakeholders to participate and speak openly about their concerns.
αααΈαα¬α‘α αα α‘αΎααα±αα»α±αα»αααα¬ααααΈαα¬αα»ααΈ ααα±αααΈαααΈαα¬α ααΌα±α αααΈαααΈαααΈα α / α α αΈαααΈαα¬ ααΌα±αααΌααΈ α±ααααα¬ (αα)α‘αα¬α±αα¬ αα«ααΈαααΈαααΈααα¬α α ααΈααα΅ααΌααα α±αα¬αα±α αααΈαΏα α αααΈααααΈαααα¬α αα»ααΈαα»ααΈαααΈαααΈα±αα¬ααααΈαα α‘α¬αααΈαα»α¬α±α αααΈαα«αααΈα
15Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
Plan for sufficient time and resourcesαα±αα¬ααΈαααΈα‘αααΈααΌααΈ αααΈαα αΈαα¬α‘αα»ααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯αΈ
a) There will be more parties to consult and discussions are likely to be longer and more complex given the circumstances.
α±αα» α±αα» αααα»ααΈ αα«ααΈαααΈααα¬ αα¬αα¬αααΈα α±αα» α±αα»αααα¬αααΈ α‘α±αα‘α±α α±ααααααΈαα¬ ααααΌααΈαΎαα¬αααΈαα¬ ααααααΈα±αα»αααΈαα«αααΈα
b) Additional time, resources and expertise for public participation processes in conflict-affected areas should therefore beincluded in the Public Participation Plan.
ααα±αΎαα¬ααΈ ααααα‘ αΎαα±αα»αααααΈ α±ααα¬αα¬αα»ααΈ α‘αα¬αααΈααα«ααΈαααΈ αααΈαααΈα α₯αΈαα¬ α‘αα»ααΈ αααΈααΎαα¬αααΈαααΈ α‘αααΈα αα‘ααΈαααΈαααΈαα αΈαα¬ααΌααΈ αα½α»ααΈαααΈαααα¬α α‘αα¬αααΈα αα±αα«ααΈαα«ααΈαααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯αΈαα»ααΈ αααΈαα»ααΈαα¬ααα«αααΈα
16Source: Draft guideline on public participation in Myanmarβs EIA process-31 May 2017
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