‚Ê ÊÁ¡∑§ ÁﬂôÊÊŸ/social science ∑§ˇÊÊ - x/ class – x ‚Ê Êãÿ...

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‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ/SOCIAL SCIENCE

∑§ˇÊÊ - X/ Class – X

ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄UÃ ‚◊ÿ — 3 ÉÊá≈ U•Áœ∑§Ã◊ •¥∑§ — 90

Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

‚Ê◊Êãÿ ÁŸŒ̧‡Ê — (i) ß‚ ¬˝‡Ÿ ¬òÊ ◊¥ ∑È§‹ 30 ¬˝‡Ÿ „Ò¥– ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ •ÁŸflÊÿ¸ „Ò–

(ii) ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§ ‚Ê◊Ÿ ©‚∑§ •¥∑§ Á‹π „È∞ „Ò¥–

(iii) ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ 1 ‚ 8 Ã∑§ ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∞∑§-∞∑§ •¥∑§ ∑§ „Ò¥– ßŸ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄U ∞∑§ ‡ÊéŒ •ÕflÊ ∞∑§ flÊÄÿ ◊¥ Œ¥–

(iv) ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ 9 ‚ 21 Ã∑§ ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ 3 •¥∑§ ∑§Ê „Ò– ßŸ◊¥ ‚ ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§Ê ©ûÊ⁄U 80 ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ‚ •Áœ∑§ Ÿ„Ë¥ „ÊŸÊ øÊÁ„∞–

(v) ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ 22 ‚ 29 Ã∑§ ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ 5 •¥∑§ ∑§Ê „Ò– ßŸ◊¥ ‚ ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§Ê ©ûÊ⁄U 120 ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ‚ •Áœ∑§ Ÿ„Ë¥ „ÊŸÊ øÊÁ„∞–

(vi) ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑˝§◊Ê¥∑§ 30, Hkwxksy ls ◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ‚ï’ãœË, 3 vad ∑§Ê ¬˝‡Ÿ gS– ©ûÊ⁄U Á‹πŸ ∑§ ’ÊŒ ◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ∑§Ê •¬ŸË ©ûÊ⁄U ¬ÈÁSÃ∑§Ê ∑§ •ãŒ⁄U ⁄Uπ∑§⁄U ’Ê¥œ ŒËÁ¡∞–

General Instructions :

(i) The question paper has 30 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Marks are indicated against each question. (iii) Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are very short answer type questions. Each

question carries one mark. (iv) Questions from serial number 9 to 21 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these

questions should not exceed 80 words each. (v) Questions from serial number 22 to 29 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these

questions should not exceed 120 words each. (vi) Question number 30 is map question of 3 marks from Geography. After

completion, attach the map inside your answer book.

1 ¡Ê¬ÊŸ ∑§Ë ‚’‚ ¬È⁄UÊŸË ¿U¬Ë ¬ÈSÃ∑§ ∑§Ê ÄÿÊ ŸÊ◊ ÕÊ?

What was the name of oldest printed book of Japan ?

1

•ÕflÊ / OR

•¥ª˝$¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê fl„ ¬„‹Ê ©¬ãÿÊ‚ ∑§ÊÒŸ-‚Ê ÕÊ Á¡‚ œÊ⁄UÊflÊÁ„∑§ ∑§Ê M§¬ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ? 1

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Which was the first serialised novel in English ?

2 øÊfl‹ ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ ‚ •Áœ∑§ ¬ÒŒÊflÊ⁄U ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬¥¡Ê’ •ÊÒ⁄U „Á⁄UÿÊáÊÊ ∑§Ê ∑§ÊÒŸ ‚ ∑§Ê⁄U∑§ ‚„ÊÿÃÊ ¬„È°øÊÃÊ „Ò?

Which factor helps Punjab and Haryana to grow more and more rice ?

1

3 ’ÁÀ¡ÿ◊ ∑§ ŒÊ ’„È‚¥ïÿ∑§ ¡ÊÃËÿ ‚◊ÈŒÊÿ ∑§ÊÒŸ-‚ „Ò¥?

Which two ethnic groups are in majority in Belgium ?

1

4 ∞»˝§Ê-•◊⁄UË∑§Ë ∑§ÊÒŸ „Ò¥?

Who are African-Americans ?

1

5 Á∑§‚ ‚ÍøË ∑§ Áfl·ÿÊ¥ ¬⁄U ‚¥ÉÊ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ÃÕÊ ⁄UÊíÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄¥U ŒÊŸÊ¥ ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ’ŸÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ SflÃ¥òÊ „Ò¥?

The subjects included in which list are open to the Union and State Governments both for

making laws ?

1

6 ‚ÊˇÊ⁄UÃÊ Œ⁄U ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U÷ÊÁ·Ã ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Define-Literacy Rate.

1

7 सन् 1990 से कस े क के ब त अिधक िमक अपना रोजगार खोते जा रह ेह?

In which sector are a large number of workers losing their jobs in since 1990 ?

1

8 ŸflË∑§⁄UáÊËÿ ‚¥‚ÊœŸ Á∑§ã„¥ ∑§„Ã „Ò¥?

What are Renewable resources ?

1

9 fláÊ¸Ÿ ∑§ËÁ¡∞ Á∑§, •Õ¸‡ÊÊÁSòÊÿÊ¥ ÃÕÊ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃôÊÊ¥ Ÿ, ÁmÃËÿ Áfl‡fl ÿÈh ∑§ •¥Ã—ÿÈh •ÊÁÕ¸∑§ •ŸÈ÷flÊ¥ ‚ ÄÿÊ ‚Ëπ

‹Ë?

What lessons did the economists and politicians learn from inter-war economic experiences

during the Second World War ? Describe.

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•ÕflÊ / OR

’¥ªÊ‹ ∑§ ∞∑§ ©l◊Ë ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ mÊ⁄U∑§Ê ŸÊÕ ≈ÒUªÊ⁄U ∑§ ÿÊªŒÊŸ ∑§Ê fláÊ¸Ÿ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Describe the contributions of Dwarakanath Tagore as an entrepreneur of Bengal.

3

•ÕflÊ / OR

©ãŸË‚flË¥ ∞fl¥ ’Ë‚flË¥ ‚ŒË ◊¥ ‹¥ŒŸ ∑§ ¬˝◊Èπ ©lÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Mention the major industries of London in the 19th century and 20th century.

3

10 ∑§ÊŸ¸ ‹ÊÚ ∑§Ê ‚◊ÊåÃ ∑§⁄UŸ „ÃÈ Á’˝Á≈U‡Ê ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ÁŸáÊ¸ÿ ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ÃËŸ ¬˝÷ÊflÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Mention any three effects of the British Government's decision for the abolition of the Corn

Laws.

3

•ÕflÊ / OR

19 flË¥ ‚ŒË ∑§ ©ûÊ⁄UÊh¸ ◊¥ ÷Ê⁄UÃ ◊¥ ’ÈŸ∑§⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁÃ ¬⁄U •◊⁄UË∑§Ë ªÎ„ ÿÈh ∑§ ¬˝÷Êfl ∑§Ê •Ê∑§‹Ÿ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Assess the impact of the American Civil War on the plight of weavers in India during second

half of the 18th century.

3

•ÕflÊ / OR

’ï’ß¸ ∑§Ë øÊÚ‹ ∑§Ë Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ÃËŸ Áfl‡Ê·ÃÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊïÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Explain any three features of Chawls of Bombay.

3

11 ©Ÿ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§Ê fláÊ¸Ÿ ∑§ËÁ¡∞ ftUgksaus ÁflÁ÷ãŸ ◊ÈŒŒ̃Ê¥ ¬⁄U ª⁄UË’Ê¥ ∑§ ÁfløÊ⁄UÊ¥ ∑§Ê ©¡Êª⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ◊¥ ◊ŒŒ ∑§Ë–

Describe the works which helped the poor people to express their ideas on various issues.

3

•ÕflÊ / OR



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“„Ÿ⁄UË∞≈UÊ ≈Uï¬‹” ŸÊ◊∑§ ©¬ãÿÊ‚ ∑§Ê ◊‹ÿÊ‹◊ ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ •ŸÈflÊŒ Á∑§‚Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ ÕÊ? •ŸÈflÊŒ∑§ Ÿ •¥ª˝¡Ë ©¬ãÿÊ‚ ∑§

•ŸÈflÊŒ ∑§Ê ÁfløÊ⁄U ÄÿÊ¥ ¿UÊ«∏ ÁŒÿÊ?

Who translated the novel "Henrietta Temple" in Malayalam ? Why did the translator give up

the idea of translating English novels ?

3

12 S¬c≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞ Á∑§ ◊ÊÁ≈¸UŸ ‹ÍÕ⁄U ∑§ ‹πŸ ‚ œÊÁ◊¸∑§ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ‚ÈœÊ⁄U ∑Ò§‚ •ÊÿÊ–

Explain how Martin Luther’s writings brought reforms in religious field.

3

•ÕflÊ / OR

•ÊÒ¬ÁŸflÁ‡Ê∑§ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê flŸÊ¸ÄÿÍ‹⁄U ©¬ãÿÊ‚Ê¥ ◊¥ Œ‚Ë ¡ËflŸ fl ⁄UËÁÃ-Á⁄UflÊ¡ ‚ ¡È«∏Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ê ’„È◊ÍÀÿ ‚˝ÊÃ ÄÿÊ¥

Ÿ¡⁄U •ÊÿÊ? ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊÊ¥ ‚Á„Ã S¬c≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Why did the colonial administrators find vernacular novels a valuable source of information

on native life and customs ? Explain with examples.

3

13 SflÃ¥òÊÃÊ ∑§ ’ÊŒ ‚ ÷Ê⁄UÃ ◊¥ flŸÊ¥ ∑§ OÊ‚ ∑§ ◊Èïÿ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ÄÿÊ Õ? Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ÃËŸ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊïÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

What are the main causes of depletion of forests in India since independence ? Explain any three.

3

14 ÷Ê⁄UÃ ∑§ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ ÷ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ fl·Ê¸¡‹ ‚¥ª˝„áÊ ∑§Ë ¬˝øÁ‹Ã Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ÃËŸ ¬⁄Uï¬⁄UÊªÃ ÁflÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê fláÊŸ̧ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Describe any three traditional methods of rainwater harvesting practised in different parts of India.

3

15 ““÷Ê⁄UÃ ¡Ò‚ Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ‚¥‚ÊœŸÊ¥ ∑§ Áflfl∑§¬ÍáÊ¸ ©¬ÿÊª ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸÿÊ¡Ÿ ∞∑§ ‚fl¸◊Êãÿ ⁄UáÊŸËÁÃ „Ò””– ß‚ ∑§ÕŸ ∑§Ë ¬ÈÁC ŒÊ ©¬ÿÈÄÃ Ã∑§ÊZ ÃÕÊ ∞∑§ ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ‚ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

"Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources in a country like India". Justify this statement with two relevant points and an example.

3

16 धम कस कार लोकतांि क राजनीित के िलए खतरा हो सकता ह ै? अपने िवचार िलिखए ।

How can religion be a source of danger to democratic politics ? Explain your view point.

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17 ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚„ÊÿÃÊ ‚ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ÷Œ÷Êfl ÃÕÊ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ Áfl÷Ê¡Ÿ ◊¥ •¥Ã⁄U S¬C ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Distinguish between social difference and social division with the help of examples.

3

18 ª˝Ê◊ ‚÷Ê Á∑§‚ ∑§„Ã „Ò¥? ª˝Ê◊ ‚÷Ê ∑§ Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ŒÊ ∑§ÊÿÊZ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

What is a Gram Sabha ? Mention any two functions of a Gram Sabha.

3

19 œÊ⁄UáÊËÿ Áfl∑§Ê‚ ÄÿÊ „Ò? ‚¥‚ÊœŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∆UË∑§ …¥Uª ‚ ¬˝ÿÊª ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ ∑§Êß¸ ŒÊ Ã⁄UË∑§ ‚È¤ÊÊß∞–

What is Sustainable Development ? Suggest any two ways in which resources can be used

judiciously.

3

20 ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ ˇÊòÊ∑§ ∑§Ê ÄÿÊ •Õ¸ „Ò? ß‚ ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ ˇÊòÊ∑§ ÄÿÊ¥ ∑§„Ê ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò? ∑§Êß¸ ŒÊ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ Œ∑§⁄U S¬c≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

What is meant by primary sector ? Why is it called so ? Explain by giving two examples.

3

21 ‚flÊ ˇÊòÊ∑§ ◊¥ ‚Áï◊Á‹Ã ÃËŸ •‹ª •‹ª ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë ‚flÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ∑§ËÁ¡∞ ÃÕÊ ¬˝àÿ∑§ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ÷Ë

ŒUËÁ¡∞–

Mention the three different types of services included in service sector. Give one example of

each type.

3

22 ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§ ™§¬⁄U 1929 ∑§Ë ◊„Ê◊ãŒË ∑§ ¬˝÷ÊflÊ¥ ∑§Ê Áfl‡‹·áÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Analyse the affects of Great Depression of 1929 on the lives of the Indians.

5

•ÕflÊ / OR

÷Ê⁄UÃ ◊¥ •ÊÒlÊÁª∑§ flÎÁh ∑§Ë ÁflÁ‡Êc≈UÃÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊïÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Explain the peculiarities of Industrial growth in India.

5

•ÕflÊ / OR

19 flË¥ ‚ŒË ◊¥ ∑§‹∑§ûÊÊ ◊¥ flÊÿÈ ¬˝ŒÍ·áÊ ∑§ ßÁÃ„Ê‚ ∑§Ê ©À‹π ∑§ËÁ¡∞– 5



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State the history of air pollution in Calcutta during the nineteenth Century.

23 ◊ÈŒ˝áÊ ‚¥S∑Î§ÁÃ Ÿ ’ìÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÍÁÃ¸ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë? ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊÊ¥ ‚Á„Ã S¬c≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Explain with examples how print culture catered to requirement of Children.

5

•ÕflÊ / OR

“‚⁄USflÃËÁfl¡ÿ◊” ∑§Ê ‹π∑§ ∑§ÊÒŸ ÕÊ? ß‚ ©¬ãÿÊ‚ Ÿ ¬Ê∆U∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊Ê¡ ◊¥ Áfll◊ÊŸ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ◊ÈŒ˜ŒÊ¥ ¬⁄U ÁfløÊ⁄U

∑§⁄UŸ ÿÊÇÿ ∑Ò§‚ ’ŸÊÿÊ?

Who was the author of ‘Saraswativijayam’ ? How did the novel enable readers to think about

existing social issues ?

5

24 ÷Ê⁄UÃ ◊¥ ¡‹ ¬˝ŒÍ·áÊ ∑§ ¬Ê°ø ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊïÿÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Explain any five reasons for water pollution in India.

5

25 ““÷Ê⁄UÃ ◊¥ ‚∑§‹ ÉÊ⁄U‹Í ©à¬ÊŒ ◊¥ ∑Î§Á· ∑§Ê ÉÊ≈UÃÊ •¥‡Ê ª¥÷Ë⁄U ÁøãÃÊ ∑§Ê Áfl·ÿ „Ò¥””– ß‚ ∑§ÕŸ ∑§Ë Á∑§ã„Ë¥ ¬Ê°ø ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÊ¥ ‚Á„Ã ¬ÈÁc≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

“The declining share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) is a matter of serious concern in India”. Support the statement with any five reasons.

5

26 üÊË‹¥∑§Êß¸ ÃÁ◊‹Ê¥ ∑§Ë ¬˝◊Èπ ◊Ê¥ªÊ¥ ∑§Ê fláÊ¸Ÿ ∑§ËÁ¡∞ ¡Ê üÊË‹¥∑§Ê ◊¥ „◊‡ÊÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¡ÊÃËÿ ‚¥ÉÊ·¸ ∑§Ê ‚◊ÊœÊŸ ∑§⁄U

‚∑§ÃË „Ò¥–

Describe the major demands of Sri Lankan Tamils which can settle the ethnic conflict in Sri

Lanka for good.

5

27 ÷Ê⁄UÃ ∑§Ë ÁflœÊÿË ‚¥SÕÊ•Ê¥ ◊¥ ◊Á„‹Ê•Ê¥ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁŸÁœàfl ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁÃ ∑§Ê Áfl‡‹·áÊ ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Analyse the status of women's representation in India's legislative bodies.

5

28 ÁŸïŸÁ‹ÁπÃ ∑§Ê •Õ¸ S¬c≈U ∑§ËÁ¡∞ — (i) ¡ËflŸ ¬˝àÿÊ‡ÊÊ (ii) ‚ÊˇÊ⁄UÃÊ Œ⁄U

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(iii) ‚∑§‹ ŸÊ◊Ê¥∑§Ÿ •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ

(iv) ¬˝ÁÃ √ÿÁÄÃ •Êÿ

(v) ◊ÊŸfl Áfl∑§Ê‚ ‚Íø∑§Ê¥∑§ Explain the meaning of following (i) Life Expectancy (ii) Literacy Rate (iii) Gross Enrolment Ratio (iv) Per Capita Income and (v) HDI

29 ©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚„ÊÿÃÊ ‚ •À¬ ’⁄UÊ¡ªÊ⁄UË ÃÕÊ ¬˝ë¿UãŸ ’⁄UÊ¡ªÊ⁄UË ∑§ ’Ëø •ãÃ⁄U ∑§ËÁ¡∞–

Differentiate between underemployment and disguised unemployment with the help of

examples.

5

30 (a) ÁŒ∞ „È∞ ÷Ê⁄UÃ ∑§ ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ⁄UπÊ◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ◊¥ A ¬⁄U ∞∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊ ÁøÁqÃ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ŸËø ŒË ªÿË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ß‚ ‹ˇÊáÊ ∑§Ë ¬„øÊŸ∑§⁄U ◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ◊¥ „Ë ÁøÁqÃ ⁄UπÊ ¬⁄U ©‚∑§Ê ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞ —

(A) ‹Ê‹ ◊ÎŒÊ flÊ‹Ê ∞∑§ ⁄UÊíÿ

(b) ©‚Ë ◊ÊŸÁøòÊ ¬⁄U ÁŸïŸÁ‹ÁπÃ ∑§Ê ©¬ÿÈÄÃ ‚¥∑§ÃÊ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ Œ‡ÊÊ¸ßÿ ∞fl¥ ©Ÿ∑§ ŸÊ◊ Á‹Áπ∞ — (B) ’Ê¥œflª…∏ ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ©lÊŸ

(C) Á≈U„⁄UË ’Ê°œ

ŸÊ≈U — ÁŸïŸÁ‹ÁπÃ ¬˝‡Ÿ ∑§fl‹ ŒÎÁc≈U’ÊÁœÃ ¬⁄UËˇÊÊÁÕ¸ÿÊ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ „Ò¥ —

(30.1) ’Ê¥œflª…∏ ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ©lÊŸ Á∑§‚ ⁄UÊíÿ ◊¥ ÁSÕÃ „Ò?

(30.2) Á≈U„⁄UË ’Ê°œ Á∑§‚ ŸŒË ¬⁄U ÁSÕÃ „Ò?

(30.3) ŒÁˇÊáÊË ◊ÉÊÊ‹ÿ ◊¥ Á∑§‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ◊ÎŒÊ ¬Êß¸ ¡ÊÃË „Ò?

(a) One feature A is shown in the given political outline map of India. Identify this feature with the help of following information and write its correct name on the line marked on the map :

(A) A State having Red soil (b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label the following features with

appropriate symbols : (B) Bandhavgarh National Park (C) Tehri Dam Note : The following questions are for the visually impaired candidates only : (30.1) In which State Bandhavgarh National Park is situated ? (30.2) On which river Tehri Dam is located ? (30.3) What type of soil is found in southern Meghalaya ?

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Marking Scheme SOCIAL SCIENCE (Class – X)

General Instructions: 1. The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity and maintain

uniformity. The answers given in the marking scheme are the best suggested answers. 2. Marking be done as per the instructions provided in the marking scheme. (It should not be

done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration). 3. Alternative methods be accepted. Proportional marks be awarded. 4. If a question is attempted twice and the candidate has not crossed any answer, only first

attempt be evaluated and ‘EXTRA’ be written with the second attempt.

5. In case where no answers are given or answers are found wrong in this Marking Scheme, correct answers may be found and used for valuation purpose.

1 Oldest printed book of Japan – ‘Diamond Sutra’ 1

/ OR

Pickwick Papers 1

2 Development of canals irrigation and tubewells. 1

3 The Dutch and The French 1

4 Afro - American, Black American, or Black are the terms used to refer mainly to the

descendants of Africans who were brought into America as slaves between the 17th century

and early 19th century.

1

5 Concurrent List 1

6 Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group. 1

7 organised sector 1

8 can be replenished 1

9 (i) An industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without mass consumption for which there was a need for stable incomes guaranteed by stable employment. This economic stability had to be ensured by the govt.

(ii) The goal of full employment could only be achieved if governments had power to control flows of goods, capital and labour.

(iii) The main aim of the post war international economic system was to preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world.

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/ OR

Dwarkanath Tagore was one of the earliest entrepreneurs of Bengal.

(a) He made his fortune from, China trade.

(b) He invested the money in industrial investments in India. Along with others, he shared a vision of individually prosperous India.

(c) Set up six joint stock companies.

3

/ OR

London Dockyards, clothing and footwear, wood and furniture, metals.

Engineering, printing and stationery, and precision products such as surgical

instruments, watches and objects of precious metals.

During the first world war, London began manufacturing motor cars and electrical

goods and the number of large factories increased.

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10 • Food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it would be produced within

the country.

• British agriculture was unable to compete with imports. Vast Areas of land were left

uncultivated and people started migrating to cities or other countries.

• As food prices fell, consumption in Britain rose. Faster industrial growth in Britain

also led to higher incomes and therefore more food imports.

• Around the world in eastern Europe, Russia, America and Australia land were cleared

and food production expanded to meet the British demand

• Any three

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Impact :

Weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality on account of the American civil war.

As raw cotton exports from India increased, price of raw cotton in India shot up. Weavers in India thus were starved of the supplies and were forced to buy raw cotton at high prices.

Markets in India were flooded with machine made goods. As a result, the weavers could not survive.

(All pints to be elaborated)

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(b) They were largely owned by private landlords.

(c) Each chawl was divided into smaller one-room tenements which had no private toilets.

(d) Many families could reside at a time in a tenement.

(e) The rents were often high.

(f) Water was scarce.

(g) The chawls were often located near filthy gutters, privies, buffalo stables etc.

(Any three points to be elaborated)

11 (a) Jyoitbha Phule, the Maratha pioneer of 'low caste' protest movements, wrote about the injustices of the caste system in his Gulamgiri (1871).

(b) In the twentieth century, B.R.Ambedkar in Maharashtra and E.V.Ramaswamy Naicker in Madras, better known as Periyar, wrote powerfully on caste and their writings were read by people all over India.

(c) Local Protest movements and sects also created a lot of popular journals and tracts criticising ancient scriptures and envisioning a new and just future. Workers in factories were too overworked and lacked the education to write much about their experiences. i) But Kashibaba, a Kanpur millworker, wrote and published Chhote aur Bade Ka Sawaal in 1938 to show the links between caste and class exploitation. ii) The poems of another Kanpur millworker, who wrote under the name of Sudarshan Chakr between 1935 and 1955, were brought together and published in a collection called Sachi Kavitayan.

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• Chandu Menon from Malabar translated the novel. • He realised that his readers in Kerala were not familiar with the way in which

character in English society lived. • The direct translation of English novels was dreadfully boring. • The Indian readers could not relate to the cultural or social contexts mentioned in the

novels. • He wrote 'Indulekha', the first modern novel in Malayalam in the manner of English

novel in place of translation work.

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12 (i) Martin Luther criticized practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church in his

writings.

(ii) Posted on the Church door in Wittenberg.

(iii) Challenged Church to debate the ideas. This lead to division of Church and to

beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Luther's translation of the New testament

sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks. (To be assessed as a whole)

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• As outsiders, the British knew little about life inside Indian households. • Novels helped the colonists understand Indian way of dressing, forms of worship,

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their beliefs and practices. • Many novels reflected social customs, divisions based on caste and class. • These novels helped the British understand the social divisions, and used them to their

advantage to create further divisions. • British administrators helped the Indian reformers in their efforts to get rid of the

practices like Sati and passed legislation favoring remarriage of widows. (Points to be explained)

(Any three points to be explained)

13 Causes of depletion of forests in India :

(i) Expansion of infrastructure - railways, roadways, ports, river valley projects.

(ii) Expansion of mining, industries, commercial and scientific forestry, agriculture etc.

(iii) Shifting cultivation/Jhum cultivation in the north – east.

(iv) Expansion of cities and growing need for residential space.

(v) Grazing and fuel collection. (Any three points)

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14 Traditional Methods

(i) Diversion channels : like the 'guls' or 'kuls' of the Western Himalayas for agriculture.

(ii) Rooftop rainwater harvesting : commonly practiced for drinking water

particularity in Rajasthan.

(iii) Inundation Channels : they are developed in the flood plains of West Bengal to irrigate

fields.

(iv) Rain fed storage structure. In arid and semi-arid areas of Rajasthan agricultural fields

were converted into such structures.

(v) Underground Tankas : In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan particularly in

Bikaner Phalodi and Barmer almost all the houses had underground tanks or tankas

for storing drinking water.(Any three)

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15 (i) There are regions which are rich in certain type of resources but are deficient in some

other resources.

(ii) Some regions are self sufficient in terms of the availability of

resources.

(iii) Some regions have acute shortage of some vital resources.

(Any two points)

Example : The state of Rajasthan is endowed with solar and wind

energy but lacks in water resources. Planning is essential to make the judicious use of

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resources for sustainable development.

16 The religion in politics is not dangerous as it seems to us. Ethical values of each religion can

play a major role in politics. As a member of any religious community, people should express

their political needs. The political leaders regulate the practice of religion so that there should

be no discrimination and oppression. If all religions are treated equally then these political

acts are correct in any way.

Candidate may write opposite to it also.

(Marks to be given for arguments and positive thinking.)

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17 • Social difference can divide similar people from one another but it can also unite different people cutting across all boundaries of their-group. Example - Carlos, Smith and Norman were athletes despite belonging to different social groups.

• Social division can take place when social differences overlap and one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other example - Black and White differences in USA. High and low caste difference in India.

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18 • Gram Sabha :

A body comprising of all adult members of a village or a group of villages.

• Functions of Gram Sabha :

(i) It elects the members of the Gram Panchayat.

(ii) The Gram Sabha supervises the work of the village Panchayat.

(iii) Approves the annual budget of the Panchayat.

(iv) Reviews the performance of the Gram Panchayat.

(Any 3 points to be explained)

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19 • Sustainable Development - Sustained over a long period of time without excessive exploitation of resources.

• Two ways in which resources can be used judiciously -

(i) Reduce the dependence on non - renewable resources.

(ii) Investing alternative source.

(iii) Prevent wastage

(iv) Prevent pollution etc.

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20 When a good is produced by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of primary sector.

• It is called so because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make.

• For example dairy, fishing, agriculture etc.

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21 (i) Essential services that do not help directly in production. For example teacher, doctors etc.

(ii) Personal services – Washermen, Barbers, Lawyers and people to do administrative work

Services based on information technology, example Internet, Cafe, ATM booths, Call Centers etc.

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22 Affects of Great depression on the lives of the Indians :

• The depression affected Indian trade, India's exports and imports nearly halved

between 1928 and 1934.

• When international prices crashed, prices in India also crashed.

• Wheat prices in India fell by 50 per cent.

• Peasants and farmers suffered more than city people.

• The British government refused to reduce revenue demands and the peasants were the

worst hit e.g. the jute producers of Bengal.

• In these depression years, India became an exporter of precious metals like gold.

• Indian gold exports promoted global economic recovery particularly Britain's

recovery.

• The depression did not affect urban India so much and the middle class salaried

employees found themselves better off as everything cost less.

• Industrial investment grew as the government extended tariff protection to industries

under the pressure of nationalist opinion.

(Any five)

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(a) European Managing Agencies, which dominated industrial production in India, were interested in certain kinds of products. They established tea and coffee plantations, acquiring land at cheap rates from the colonial government; and they invested in mining, indigo and jute. Most of these were products required primarily for export trade and not sale in India.

(b) When Indian businessmen began setting up industries in the late nineteenth century, they avoided competing with Manchester goods in the Indian market. Since yarn was not an important part of British exports into India, the early cotton mills in India produced course cotton yarn rather than fabric. When yarn was imported it was only of the superior quality. The yarn produced in Indian spinning mills was used by handloom weavers in India or exported to china.

(c) By the first decade of twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization. As the Swadeshi Movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilized people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organized themselves to

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protect their collective interests, pressurizing the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions. From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece-goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912.

(d) Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with was production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India decline. Suddenly Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply was needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items.

(e) New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years, industrial production boomed.

/ OR

(a) Calcutta’s inhabitants inhaled grey smoke which along with fog generated the black smog.

(b) Pollution was also due to the usage of dung and wood as fuel in daily life.

(c) Industries and steam engines which ran on coal, further aggravated the pollution.

(d) Railway line introduced in 1855 brought further pollution.

(e) Despite getting smoke nuisance legislation in 1863, the rice mills of Tollygunge burnt rice husk, leading to air pollution.

(f) The inspectors of the Bengal Smoke Nuisance Commission finally managed to control industries smoke.

(g) Controlling pollution rising out of domestic smoke was far more difficult. (Any five points to be elaborated)

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23 (a) Primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century, children became an important category of readers. Production of school textbooks became critical for the publishing industry.

(b) A children's press devoted to literature for children alone, was set up in France in 1857. (c) This press published new works as well as old fairy tales and folk tales. (d) The Grimm brothers in Germany spent years in compiling traditional folk tales

gathered from peasants. What they collected was edited before the stories were published in a collection in 1812.

(e) Anything that was considered unsuitable for children or would appear vulgar to the elites, was not included in the published version. Rural folk tales thus acquired a new form. In this way, print recorded old tales but also changed them.

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Potheri Kunjambu.

(i) The author mounts a strong attack on caste oppression.

(ii) The novel shows that, because of the high handedness of a Brahmin landlord, a young man of the untouchable caste leaves his village. (iii) Convert to

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Christianity, receives higher education and become a judge and returns to the village.

(iv) The story ends with the high caste Brahmin repenting for what he did.

24 The different causes of water pollution are :

(a) Mix-up of domestic wastes in to pipelines, underground water, rivers..etc.

(b) Mix-up of Industrial wastes into rivers,, etc.

(c) Dumping of Chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers in the river, sea.

(d) Immersion od Durga, ganesh idols in the water bodies.

(e) The environmental and pollution laws are not implemented properly.

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25 Reasons :

(i) Indian farmers are facing challenge from international competition.

(ii) Government is reducing investment in agricultural sector, especially irrigation sector.

(iii) Subsidy in fertilizers has decreased, leading to a rise in cost of production.

(iv) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products.

(v) Farmers are withdrawing their investment from agriculture causing a downfall in the

employment in agriculture.

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26 (i) Recognition of Tamil as official language

(ii) Provincial autonomy on Tamil dominated provinces

(iii) Equal opportunities for Tamils in jobs

(iv) Equal opportunities in security

(v) Instead of provisional autonomy, demand for a separate Tamil State

(To be explained)

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27 (i) Central Legislature : Less than 10% of its total strength is women.

(ii) State Legislature : Less than 5% of its total strength is women.

(iii) Panchayati Raj : 1/3 of the seats are reserved for women.

(iv) India is among the bottom group of nations in the world in this respect.

(v) Women’s organizations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation of at least 1/3 of seats in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.

(vi) The bill to this effect has not been passed yet due to various vested interests. (Any five points)

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28 HDI stands for Human Development Index. Life Expectancy at birth denotes 5



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average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

Gross Enrolment - Ratio for three levels means enrolment ratio for primary school, secondary school and higher education beyond secondary school.

Per capita Income is the average income of a country which means the total income of a country divided by the total population.

Literacy Rate measures the literate population in the 7 and above age group. 29 Disguised un-employment

• When all the members of a family work on the same plot throughout the year and they have nowhere also to go for work. When everyone is working and no one remains idle but in actual fact their labour gets divided. Each one is doing some work but no one is fully employed. Such a situation is called disguised un-employment.

• It is a situation where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential.

• Since this type of underemployment is hidden in contrast to the unemployed people, it is called disguised unemployment.

Under employment

• When workers employed are not producing as much as they can, it is a case of under employment. For example, in the field of agriculture much more than required people are working. If you move many of them out of this work, production will not be affected; it becomes a case of under employment.

• Thousands of casual workers in the service sector in urban areas are in search of jobs for daily employment as plumbers, painters repair persons etc. Many of them don’t find work every day.

Similarly, there are some who work the whole day long but earns very little. This situation is also called under-employment.

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30

Note : The following questions are for the visually impaired candidates only : (30.1) Bandhavgarh National Park is situated in Madhya Pradesh (30.2) Tehri Dam is located on river Ganga (30.3) Red and Yellow soil is found in southern Meghalaya

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