“A Community Development Support System”Using Digital Terrestrial TVOKAYAMA Takaaki, KAGEYAMA Tatsuya, OHASHI AtsushiMINEGISHI Satoshi, MURAKAMI Masahiko, SENDODA Mitsuru

AbstractIn the disaster-affected areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake, many people are still living in temporary hous-ing shelters. In these areas, people are facing the issue of setting up “community functions,” such as for thetransmission and sharing of important information, and for communications among residents, etc. At the same time,they are facing the issue of their local communities collapsing due to depopulation and ageing. This is happening notonly in the disaster-affected areas but also in various local municipalities. NEC’s “community development supportsystem” will contribute to establishing new communities in such areas and municipalities. The system employs digi-tal terrestrial television, which is a familiar device to many people, as an information terminal, and broadcasts videocontent produced by local municipalities, town or autonomous neighborhood associations, NPOs, local residents, etc.in a timely manner.

Keywords

digital terrestrial TV, autonomous residents community, local community, recovery from earthquake, area full-seg,NPO, isolation of elderly people / hikikomori, kizuna, cementing strong relationships with people

1. Introduction

Acceleration of low birthrate, longevity and depopulationin local areas risks causing the collapse of local communi-ties. Solitary deaths of elderly people are now an issue thataffects our entire society. Such phenomena occur all over Ja-pan, however, they may be seen typically in the disaster-affected areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake, wheremany people still live stressfully in temporary housing shel-ters. People living so originate from different towns and cities,so that some of them have already lost contact with theirneighbors in their original towns. Some municipalities arefacing crisis in losing their autonomy because more and morepeople have decided to leave their home towns. It can be saidthat the disaster-affected areas in the Tohoku region epito-mize the regional issues that Japan faces. NEC has launcheda “community development support system” project that aimsto challenge these social issues. This paper introduces thechallenges that we face and discusses case studies of activi-ties that confront these issues.

2. Introduction of the“Community Development Support System”

2.1 Reasons for Establishing the Project

We first visited the disaster-affected area soon after the GreatEast Japan Earthquake occurred and listened to reports fromNPOs that were providing support activities and collecting theopinions of victims from the affected area. We, then, initiatedthe project while considering what these people needed andwhat we could do for them by introducing ICT technologies.

While exchanging communications with NPO staff, wefound that the two major points referred to below would influ-ence our project.

The first point is that we should devise a system that doesnot place too big a burden on the staff of the municipality, be-cause they are already very busy with so many things to do thatrelate to damage caused by the earthquake.

The second point is that we should create a system that is assimple as possible so that residents in the affected areas canoperate the system on their own. What we aimed to do was tocreate the foundation of a new town where all residents in the

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area could join and communicate with each other. By empha-sizing these points, we began to develop the system.

2.2 Conditions at the Temporary Housing Shelter Sites

Below we describe the conditions of the temporary hous-ing shelter sites ( Fig. 1 ) that we had to consider first of all,before developing the system. The sites of the temporary hous-ing shelters accept various people from different towns. There-fore, neighborhood communications among residents are notalways adequate as the circulars that are passed around amongresidents sometimes get stopped half way. This may cause theissue that important information from the municipality or lo-cal community does not reach all of the residents. However, asin the case of municipalities, residents of entire towns hadsometimes to move to the same temporary housing site. In suchcases, communications among people were maintained favor-ably.

An even more serious problem is that of hikikomori (isola-tion from society), this issue occurs especially among elderlypeople. Less communication among residents accelerates theisolation of elderly people. Many municipalities allocate staffmainly for monitoring elderly people living in temporary hous-ing shelters. However, some sites of temporary housing shel-ters are spread over wide areas of a town, so that it is a heavyburden for staff to visit each elderly person every day. Suchsupport activities have sometimes to be continued for manyyears until elderly people begin to feel like they want to go outon their own, which may impose a huge burden on the munic-ipalities.

We could have solved this issue from the standpoint of ICT

Fig. 1 Temporary housing shelters

by delivering PCs to each temporary house. However, wefound that operating a PC might have been too much for eld-erly people that had not even touched a computer.

It was urgent to establish new mechanisms that were easy touse even for elderly people and to thereby help to solve themajor issues that the disaster-affected areas are facing.

2.3 Features of the“Community Development Support System”

We focused first on the fact that all temporary housing shel-ters are already equipped with digital terrestrial TV sets. Allresidents, even from elderly people to small children can op-erate digital terrestrial TV sets. They are able to watch pro-grams just by turning on a TV power switch and tuning achannel. This led us to the concept that we should create amechanism employing the digital terrestrial TV as an “infor-mation device.” Our idea was that the mechanism should useTV exclusively and that not even an additional adaptor shouldbe required.

As mentioned above, various people from different townsare living at the sites of the temporary housing shelters. Firstof all we tried to use the digital terrestrial TV as a mechanismto establish a community at the temporary housing site, suchas using it as a notice board to inform of various events to beheld at the community hall and as a broadcasting program tointroduce residents to each other, etc. We have also sugges-ted that such programs might be created using home videocameras, which are easy to operate and can be found in mosthomes.

Video programs shot with a home video camera can be dis-tributed to digital terrestrial TVs in each household in a time-ly manner. Eventually, such features as the “communitydevelopment support system” will thereby be developed satis-factorily.

2.4 System Outline

The “community development support system” is com-posed of four devices: a transmission unit, a PC, a video cameraand a USB memory. A package of these is called a “standardunit.”

The transmission unit ( Photo ) is the main device in thestandard unit and also for this system. The significant point ofthis system is that everyone can run the system easily and atlow cost. From this standpoint, the transmission unit was de-veloped by focusing on simple operation. In this way

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Photo The transmission unit.

Fig. 2 Block diagram of transmission unit function.

residents are able to operate a series of broadcasting opera-tions by themselves, e.g. shooting a video program with acommercial home video camera, and converting the video fileto store the data in a USB memory on a PC.

By following the operations detailed below, content cre-ated by residents themselves can be distributed to each tempo-rary housing shelter.

1) Shoot a local event with a home video camera to createa video content.

2) Store the video file shot by the video camera in a PC andconvert it to a file format that is compatible with the dig-ital terrestrial TV format using exclusive software.

3) Copy the converted video file to a USB memory.4) Insert the USB memory into a transmission unit to broad-

cast the video content to each temporary housing shelter.The transmission unit incorporates a high-speed processor

to convert the video file to be read from a USB memory intoan RF output format file for digital terrestrial broadcasting( Fig. 2 ).

At the moment, the system only functions to broadcast vid-eo contents via the transmission unit. However, we will im-prove services in the future so that they will be able to providedata broadcasting, interactive functions, real-time broadcast-ing, direct broadcasting via LAN and contents to exchange withother areas via networks, etc., while at the same time examin-ing the needs of local residents.

2.5 Introduction and Installation of the System at aTemporary Housing Shelter Site

In most of the temporary housing shelter sites, a communi-ty hall is built for approximately each 100 houses. First, weinstalled a standard unit consisting of a transmission unit, etc.in each community hall.

A temporary housing shelter generally consists of separateareas for 5 or 6 households. Broadcasting signals received byan antenna on the roof of a temporary housing unit are distrib-uted to a digital terrestrial TV set located in each household viacoaxial cables. With our system, broadcasting signals are dis-tributed to each digital terrestrial TV set through the coaxialcable via a mixer ( Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 ). We also adjust the

Fig. 3 System configuration.

Fig. 4 Cable wiring diagram.

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channel allocation of the digital terrestrial TV set so that lo-cal TV programs can be received at unused channels.

After providing such installation works, the system will be-come available. People can watch our contents via the sameoperations as watching ordinary broadcasting programs on adigital terrestrial TV set. For example, if channel 10 is set tothe channel for one of our contents, people can watch the con-tent distributed from our system just by selecting channel 10with a remote controller.

Only households connected to this coaxial cable can re-ceive our contents so that the broadcasting system can be usedexclusively inside the limited area. This system is assumed tobe used by people who know each other and live in the samearea, and not by the general public.

2.6 Broadcasting Contents Examples Produced byResidents

Residents can easily produce their own video content andbroadcast them on schedule. Our developed system equips amechanism that allows residents to create various ways of useby employing their unique ideas. Some of the contents are ex-plained below.

(1) “Everyday enjoyable event” dispatched from thecommunity hallEnjoyable contents are broadcasted such as informationabout various events (early-morning market, singingcontest, etc.) to be held at the community hall as well aseveryday activities conducted there. This procedure tendsto make residents feel like visiting the community hallmore often and it helps to establish a neighborhood com-munity among residents.Moreover, dispatching information regarding local areatopics promotes conversation among residents about“common subjects” and this creates a familiar environ-ment and contributes to preventing isolated lifestyles andhikikomori (isolation from society). Advancement ofresidents’ health conditions also may be expected by dis-tributing information related to healthcare management,calisthenics, etc.

(2) “Important governmental information” dispatchedfrom a local municipalityA local municipality can use the system to dispatch im-portant information to residents individually and confi-dently. By reading out information in audio or by insertingsubtitles in broadcast programs, information can reachcertain groups of elderly people whose eyesight and hear-

ing abilities are deteriorated. It is expected to promote thesharing of civic awareness among the municipality andresidents and help the creation of an ideal community.

(3) “Popular product information” dispatched from lo-cal shopping mallInformation about seasonal foods and top selling prod-ucts can be distributed as broadcast content together withother local information. Exposing such information to-ward residents via digital terrestrial TV will enhance themotivation of residents to come out from their tempora-ry housings. At the same time, the vitalization of the localshopping mall can be expected.

3. Experimental Test Broadcasting at Wataricho,Miyagi Prefecture

In March 2012, we began experimental test broadcastingusing this system targeting 85 families living in temporaryhousings at Wataricho in Miyagi Prefecture. Since June 2012,with the cooperation of the Wataricho municipality, tempora-ry staffers of the community hall of the town, a community FMstation and NEC have formed a committee to continue the ex-perimental test broadcasting.

3.1 Verification Points

The Verification points below were discussed by the com-mittee.

(1) Is this a necessary system for residents in temporaryhousings?

(2) Is everyday operation of the system easy enough for thecontent to be managed?

(3) Is the running cost of the system cheap enough to man-age it continuously in the future?

(4) Are announcements from the municipality sure to reachevery resident?

(5) Does the system contribute to forming and activating aresidential community?

(6) Does the system help to promote the sharing of informa-tion among residents, such as local issues, civic aware-ness, hints for everyday life, etc?

3.2 Results So Far and Themes to be Examined for theFuture

Here we introduce some of the results that were achieved

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Fig. 5 Illustration of the mechanisms of the system management.

from starting experimental tests in March 2012 until this May.We have broadcast various event information held in the com-munity hall such as singing contests, etc. As a result, we foundthat more people started to visit the community hall after theevent information was distributed to residents and some resi-dents formed new friendships there. This resulted in the devel-opment of further communication among residents ( Fig. 5 ).

At the same time, we discovered new issues to be exam-ined for improving the system.

(1) Management systemAt present, the system is managed mainly by full-timeand temporary staff of the Wataricho local governmentoffice. However, we would like the residents to becomemore involved and even that mechanism enabling resi-dents themselves to run the system should be examinedin the future.

(2) Contents productionMost of contents produced at the moment are con-cerned with events held at the community hall. We try toconduct questionnaires to find out what sort of contentsare expected by residents, so that we can produce con-tents meeting their real needs.

(3) System operationsWe will examine procedures for an operational methodthat does not require an operations manual, so that all

residents are able to operate the system confidently.(4) System introduction cost

The system introduction cost is still too much for smalltown communities or municipalities. Countermeasuresaimed at decreasing the capital burden of introducing thesystem are anticipated.

As described above, many issues remain. However, we havealready received some favorable results. We have heard thatsome elderly people would like to become program present-ers. We are confidently expecting that our system will contrib-ute to an acceleration of residents’ communications and willpromote re-activation of their lifestyles.

4. Conclusion

This system allows local residents to create their own con-tents and to broadcast them on unused channels of digitalterrestrial TV, which is one of the most familiar informationtransmission tools. Such a mechanism is expected to contrib-ute to supporting and activating community development bydistributing such contents to their neighbors via simple opera-tions.

Experimental testing performed at the temporary housingshelters in Wataricho is achieving promising results for estab-

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lishing and activating a new community. We have receivedvarious requests and plans regarding this system from otherlocal municipalities, such as for distributing disaster preven-tion contents, providing community vision, employment as asuitable mechanism for forming residents consensus, etc.

This time, we started the experimental testing at temporaryhousing shelters. However, we are planning to develop themechanism to be employed also at municipal housings for dis-aster victims. Moreover, we expect that this system will be usedas an essential tool for establishing new communities, so thatit will be able to sort out issues that local communities are fac-ing, as well as contributing to the reconstruction of the Toho-ku Region.

To conclude, we would like to mention that the transmis-sion unit mounted in this system is manufactured with theengineering cooperation of Renesas Electronics Corporationand Shimafuji Electric Incorporated.

*Linux is a registered trademark or trademark of Linux Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

Authors' Profiles

OKAYAMA TakaakiExpertRevival Support Promotion Office

KAGEYAMA TatsuyaExecutive ExpertRevival Support Promotion Office

OHASHI AtsushiDepartment ManagerApplication Appliance DivisionIT Hardware Operations Unit

MINEGISHI SatoshiExpertRevival Support Promotion Office

MURAKAMI MasahikoSenior ManagerSocial Contributions OfficeCSR and Environmental Management Promotion Division

SENDODA MitsuruPrincipal ResearcherSmart Energy Research LaboratoriesCentral Research Laboratories

NEC TECHNICAL JOURNAL Vol.7 No.2/2012 ------- 113

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