Òeefleefove HeeC³ee®eer GHeueyOelee keÀceer nesT ueeieu³eeves meJe&$e ³ee Gvneȳeeleerue HeeC³ee®eer eE®elee nUtnUt J³eeHet

ueeieueer Deens. ³ee®ee HeefjCeece cnCetve®e cegK³eceb$³eebvee keÀesj[îee nesUer®es DeeJeenve keÀjeJes ueeieues DeeefCe yengleebMe pevelesves ³eeJej efìkeÀe ve keÀjlee les HeeUues. MenjebceOetve-ceneveiejebceOetve Meg× kesÀuesu³ee efHeC³ee®³ee HeeC³ee®³ee iewjJeeHejeyeÎue pevepeeie=leer keÀjC³ee®eer ner ³eesi³e JesU Deens. HeefjefmLeleercegUs DeeHeu³ee HeeC³ee®³ee owvebefove JeeHejekeÀ[s ue#e efou³eeveblej l³eeceOeerue JeeHej-iewjJeeHej Je ®ewve ³eeceOeerue HeÀjkeÀ keÀUC³eeFlekeÀer megyeg×er ceeveJeeuee Deens. DeeHeCe HeÀkeÌle peeefCeJepeeie=leer keÀje³e®eer Deens. Heg{u³ee oesve ceefnv³eeb®³ee keÀeUele DeMeer peeefCeJepeeie=leer keÀjCeeN³ee mJe³ebIeesef<ele peueotleeb®eer DeeJeM³ekeÀlee Deens. ³ee peuemee#ejlesceOetve Heg{erue keÀeUele peueJeeHeje®³ee meeceeefpekeÀ meJe³eeRceOeerue yeoue DeeefCe HeeCeer' ³ee vewmeefie&keÀ m$eeslee®ee meg³eesi³e JeeHej ns®e DeeHeues meeO³e Deens. efJeMJe nJeeceeve efJe%eeve efovee®³ee efveefceÊeeves YeefJe<³eeuee eE®eleece³e yeveefJeCeeN³ee G<Ce, keÀesj[îee DeeefCe peuece³e DeMeer leervener ÒekeÀej®³ee JeeleeJejCeeuee DeeHeu³eeuee meeceesjs peeJes ueeiesue ³ee®eer peeCeerJe Peeueer. iueesyeue Jee@efce¥ie®³ee PeUe DeeHeu³eeuee peeCeJet ueeieu³ee Deensle. Jew%eeefvekeÀ ÒeieleercegUs l³ee PeUeb®es efJeefJeOe HeefjCeece cnCepes JeeoUs, ®e¬eÀerJeeoUs, DeefleJe=äer lemes®e og<keÀeU ³ee®es HegJee&vegceeve meg×e Meke̳e Deens. Hejbleg ³ee HetJee&vegceeveevegmeej DeeHeCe meJee¥veer efMemleye×HeCes l³ee l³ee vewmeefie&keÀ DeeHeÊeeruee leeW[ osC³eemeeþer®es ÒeefMe#eCe cee$e DeeHeu³ee pevelesuee veener. les osC³ee®eer meJee&le ceesþer DeeJeM³ekeÀlee efvecee&Ce Peeueer Deens. efJeMJe Jeveefovee®³ee (JeveMeem$eefovee®³ee) HeeMJe&YetceerJej HeeC³ee®³ee mebkeÀìeves ûeemeuesu³ee peveles®es pebieueebkeÀ[s HeÀej ue#e iesues veener. HeCe Deepe®es peuemebkeÀì ns JeveefJeveeMee®³ee ceeveJeer ÒeJe=Êeerletve®e pevceeuee Deeues Deens ns keÀesCeerner veekeÀejle veener. lejerner Deepe DeeHeu³ee DeLe&mebkeÀuHee®eer DeeefCe Òeieleer®eer efoMee JeveefJeveeMeeletve Menjeb®³ee Je DeÐe³eeJele mceeì& efmeìer®³ee efveefce&leerJej®e DeeOeejuesueer Deens. efJeMJe peueefovee®es keÀe³e&¬eÀce HeeC³ee®³ee DevegHeueyOeles®³ee HeeMJe&YetceerJej ceesþîee mebK³esves nesle Deensle. mejkeÀej®³ee DeeosMeeves Je pevemeeceev³eeb®³ee GlmHetÀle&lesves ¿ee keÀe³e&¬eÀceebveer HeefjJele&ve ³esle Deens. SefÒeueceOeerue JemegbOeje efove DeeefCe cesceOeerue pewJeefJeefJeOelee efove DeeHeu³eeuee DeMee®e peeieeflekeÀ mebkeÀìe®eer peeefCeJe keÀªve osCeeje. cnCepes He=LJeerHeemetve ceeCemeeves nkeÌkeÀ cnCetve efkeÀleer ÒekeÀej®³ee Jemlet Je efkeÀleer ÒeceeCeele I³eeJ³eele ³ee®eer peeefCeJe keÀªve osCeeje. meJe& peiee®es DeLe&keÀejCe ns kesÀJeU DeLe&Je=×er®³ee efoMesves OeeJeleevee vewmeefie&keÀ mebmeeOeveeb®³ee meceeve JeeìHeeJej DeeOeejerle peeieeflekeÀ DeLe&efveleer ns GÐee®³ee sustainable living ®ee DeeOeej þjeJee Demee efJe®eej ceeb[C³ee®eer iejpe Deens.

Yeeie ë 12 ~ DebkeÀ ë 11 ~ He=ÿmebK³ee ë 40

meuueeieej mebHeeokeÀ ë[e@. Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀj

[e@. DeªCe peesMeer [e@. nsce®ebê ÒeOeeve

[e@. Meece DemeesueskeÀj[e@. mebpe³e osMecegKe

cegK³e mebHeeokeÀ ë[e@. mebpe³e peesMeer efJeÐeeOej JeeueeJeuekeÀj

keÀe³e&keÀejer mebHeeokeÀ ëmeew. keÀefJelee JeeueeJeuekeÀj

English Editor : Prof. Clara Correia

mebHeeove mene³³e ëDeefJeveeMe Yeiele

cegKeHe=ÿ ë megjefYe JeeueeJeuekeÀj

ceO³eHe=ÿ ë DeefJeveeMe Yeiele

mepeeJeì ë ceveer<e JeeIe

MeslekeÀN³eeb®ee yeguebo DeeJeepe - uee efJn³ee keBÀHesefmevee ~ meblees<e eEMe$es

keÀUHe ÒeeC³eeb®es ~ [e@. efveefuecee kegÀuekeÀCeea

ceebies LeeHCeer - ieesJ³ee®ee ceiej ceneslmeJe ~ Heefjef#ele met³e&JebMeer 9

jlveekeÀje®es Deblejbie ~ [e@. Heg©<eesÊece keÀeUs 11

Demes ceuee Jeeìles... legcneuee? ~ [e@. veeiesMe ìskeÀeUs 14

DeeefCe Jemeble mleyOe Peeuee ~ DevegJeeo ë meercee efHeleUs 16

HegÀueJee ë ®esJeCeer ~ Debpevee osJemLeUs 18

efkeÀìkeÀeb®³ee efJeMJeele ~ cekeÀjbo kegÀuekeÀCeea, ³egJejepe iegpe&j 23

cegbyeF&peJeU efomeuesues HeengCes He#eer ~ DeefJeveeMe Yeiele 24

HueeefmìkeÀ [yes, yeeìu³eebceOeerue ìe@efkeÌmemeerìer ~ [e@. ef®e$ee peesMeer 25

Jeelee& He$e ~ ÒeefleefveOeer 26

ÒeMve legce®ee... GÊej efJe%eevee®es ~ [e@. megOeerj ceeW[keÀj 27

5

7

ns ceeefmekeÀ ceeuekeÀ, ÒekeÀeMekeÀ He³ee&JejCe o#elee ceb®e ³eeb®³eemeeþer mebHeeokeÀ [e@. mebpe³e peesMeer Je Òee. efJeÐeeOej JeeueeJeuekeÀj ³eebveer

Þeer efÒebìme&, S-117, Deceji³eeve Fb[mì^erpe efÒecee³emesmeefue. Sme. ìer. JekeÀ&Mee@He meceesj, KeesHeì, þeCes (He) ³esLes cegefêle keÀsuesJe DeeHeueb He³ee&JejCe - ieeUe veb. 15, oeoespeer keÀesW[osJe mìs[er³ece,

KeejìCe jes[, þeCes (He) 400 601 ³esLes ÒekeÀeMeerle keÀsues.mebHeke&À ë 022-25411633

www.paryavaran.orgapalaparyavaran@gmail.comvaw.paryavaran@gmail.com

Jeeef<e&keÀ : ©. 400

ÜwJeeef<e&keÀ : ©. 800

Heb®eJeeef<e&keÀ : ©. 1800

Yearly : Rs. 400/-2 Years : Rs. 800/-

5 Years : Rs. 1800/-

DeeHeueer ceveerDee@[&j, [er.[er. Üejs efkeÀbJee yeBkeÀ Dee@HeÀ Fbef[³ee, þeCes Keeles ¬eÀ. 004310110007618

³ee Keel³eele (Dee³e.SHeÀ.Sme. meer. keÀes[ BKID0000043)

Jeie&Ceer

Sve.F&.SHeÀ.ìer. ves pecee keÀª MekeÀlee.

ceeefmekeÀeletve ÒekeÀeefMele Peeuesu³ee celeebMeer mebHeeokeÀ mencele Demeleerue®e Demes veener.

Yeejlee®eer mebmke=Àleer DeeefCe pewJeefJeefJeOelee mece=×

keÀjC³eele HeeCeLeU peeiee cenÊJee®eer YetefcekeÀe

yepeeJeleele. keÀvee&ìkeÀeleerue jbieveefLeÆè ³esLeerue

DeMee®e SkeÀe He#eer DeYe³eejC³eeleerue HeeCeLeU

peeieer efìHeuesues ns otefce&U jbieerle keÀjkeÀes®es...

Wetlands are an integral part of

Cultural and Biodiversity landscape

of India. The inland Wetland is a

habitat for threatened birds like the

Painted Storks. (shooted at

Ranganthittu Bird Sanctuary,

Karnataka.)

Trees for Earth I Clara Correia 28

Water Crisis I Shubhda Kushwaha 30

Potential Causes of

Wetland Bird Population Trends I Clara Correia 31

Green Souls I Sweedle Cerejo-Shivkar 33

Thane Creek Exibition I Avinash Bhagat 34

A Healthy Living I Shreelata Menon 35

A Colorful Journey I Akhil Menon 36

Green Careers I Dr. Prasad Karnik 37

5

MeslekeÀN³eeb®ee yeguebo JewefMJekeÀ DeeJeepe ë uee eqJn³ee keBÀHesefmeveeefJeMes<e uesKe

meblees<e eEMe$es 98220 12948

oesveMes oMeue#e íesìsMe s lekeÀje r, Ye tcee rne rve,Yect eejr nelr e Mels ecepejt , KeeÐeevveGlHeeokeÀDeeefCe Mesleerleu³ee

ceenf uee ³ee®b ee 180 meIb eìveeÜb eje 90 nvt e DeeOf ekeÀ oMs eecb eOes GceìCeejeKeCeKeCeerle ke=ÀleerMeerue DeeJeepe cnCepes `uee eqJn³ee keBÀHesefmevee' nerpeeieelf ekeÀ Mels ekeÀN³ee®b eer ÒeYeeJeer ®eUJeU. Yekt eÀ, ieejf yee,r He³eeJ& ejCee®eeefJeveeMe, efJe<ecelee ³ee meJee¥®ee Mesleer DeeefCe DevveOeev³e GlHeeoveeMeerDemeueus ee peJeU®ee meyb eOb e, ye[îee GÐeeis eevb eer l³eele keÀs ueus eer keÀejmLeeveb³eeJej ner ®eUJeU vecs ekeÀb yeeìs þJs eles DeeeCf e Del³elb eLesì GHee³e³eespeveener meg®eJeles, Deceueele DeeCeles.

®eUJeUer®ee mebmLeeHekeÀ nsvjer meejeefien neFb[esvesefMe³eeleerue GÊej megcee$ee Yeeieeleu³ee SkeÀeiejerye kegÀìgbyeeleu³ee veT cegueebHewkeÀer SkeÀ neslee.pebieueb legUlegUerle meeHeÀ keÀªve l³eepeeieerefJeveeMekeÀejer Heece' ®eer ueeieJe[ keÀjCeeN³ee SkeÀekebÀHeveerle l³ee®es DeeF&Je[erue veeskeÀjer keÀjle nesles.meejeeif en®³ee ue{eT vels el= Jee®eer me©g Jeele leLs eu³ee®eSkeÀe efJeveeMekeÀejer He sHej efceue®³ee efJeª×ís[uesu³ee Deeboesueveeveb Peeueer. meojnt kebÀHeveerHeeCeer Òeotef<ele keÀjle nesleer. pebieueeb®ee mecetU efJeveeMe keÀjle nesleerDeeefCe mLeeefvekeÀ ueeskeÀebvee efJemLeeefHele keÀjerle nesleer. mejkeÀejkeÀ[tvel³eevb eer mLeeevf ekeÀ mJejep³e memb Lee DeeeCf e elf eLeues ueeks eÀ ³ee®b ³ee ceeuekeÀe®r eb1,25,000 nskeÌìj (megceejs 3,09,000 SkeÀj) pebieue Heojele Hee[tveIesleueb DeeefCe l³eeJej pebieuelees[ megª kesÀueer. meejeefienves ³eeefJe©×³eMemJeer ue{e eof uee. ³eelevt e®e F[b evs ees Mf e³eeleu³ee Mels ekeÀN³ee®b eer ®eUJeUGYeer jeefnueer. efpe®es Deepe meele ueeKe meYeemeo Deensle. DeieoerleeuegkeÀe HeeleUerJej l³eeb®eer mebIeìvee yeebOeuesueer Deens. ceie SkeÀ SkeÀmeceeJf e®eejer Mels ekeÀjer meIb eìvee, l³eener Deveks eÀ oMs eecb eOeu³ee, meejeeif envebmebHekeÀe&le DeeCeu³ee. l³eeb®eer SkeÀ$e ceesì yeebOeueer.

lees meebielees, ``Deecner HegmlekeÀer efme×ebleeceOetve efMekeÀuees veener.leUeieeUeleu³ee ceeCemeeb®³ee DevegYeJeeletve efMekeÀuees. Deecneuee nsue#eeleDeeueb keÀer peceerve (DeeefCe leer®eer ceeuekeÀer) ne HeÀej®e keÀUer®eecegÎe Deens. ³eeleues efve³ece, keÀe³eoskeÀevetve ns meieUs `Deens js'

Jeiee&meeþer, Þeercebleebmeeþer®e yeveJeues iesues Deensle. DeveglHeeokeÀ cnCetvemejkeÀejb DeeeCf e GÐeeis eOeob s p³ee íeìs îee ÒeceeCeeJej®³ee Mels eeur ee keÀe[b elekeÀe{leele, leer Kejb lej OeejCee#ece DeeefCe He³ee&JejCeHetjkeÀ Deens.''

ûeeceerCe Yeeieeleueer ieefjyeer DeeefCe efJe<ecelee ³eemeeþer meejeefienyengbleeMe oes<eer þjJelees, les yengje<ì^er³e je#emeer kebÀHev³ee DeeefCe l³eeb®³eeOeesjCeebvee. ³ee OeesjCeebcegUs ueeskeÀ DeeefCe He³ee&JejCee®ee efJeveeMe neslepeeTve J³eeHeejGoerce DeeefCe Devveefveefce&leer ³eeb®eer SkeÀ ke=Àef$ece,meHeeìerkeÀjCe Peeuesueer J³eJemLee efvecee&Ce nesles Demeb l³eeb®eb cnCeCeb.Jeu[& yeBkeÀ DeeefCe Dee³eSceSHeÀ ( Fbìjve@Meveue cee@vesìjer HebÀ[) p³ee

He×leerves Deepe peuem$eesle DeeefCe Dev³e vewmeefie&keÀceut em$eels e evf e³eeb $f ele keÀjle Deenls e, lee®s e ceUg ele SkeÀkeÀe@Hees&jsì JemeenleJeeo Deens. ns l³ee®eb cnCeCeb leesKetHe DeY³eemeHetCe& efjleerves ceeb[lees. l³eeleueb yejb®e,bDeepe®³ee Yeejleeueener ogozJeeveb pemeb®³ee lemeb ueeietDeens. ``les legce®eer pebieueb DeeefCe legce®³eekeÀ[®eekeÀesUmee efnmekeÀeJetve Iesleele. HeCe legce®³ee osMeeueeles l³ee yeou³eele keÀener ols e veenelr e. Gueì peecf evee®r eyeUkeÀeJeleele.'' Fb[esvesefMe³eeleueb mene oMeue#enskeÌìj pebieue lees[tve l³eepeeieer Heece®eer ueeieJe[kesÀueer iesueer. l³eeHeemetve efceUeuesueb Heece®eb lesue,

eJf eeJf eOe ÒekeÀej®³ee meHg ejceekeÀx ì GlHeeoveecb eOe,s ekE eÀJee ceie yee³eees [f Peus e'GlHeeoveemeeþer®e keÀeceer Deeueb; mLeeefvekeÀ Devve, JeveGHepe ³eeb®³eeGlHeoveeSsJepeer.

uee eqJn³ee keBÀHesefmeveeveb 1996 ceOes `Devve (efveJe[eR®eb) mJeeleb$³e'ner mebkeÀuHevee peieeHeg{s ceeb[ueer. DeeHeueer OeveOeev³e GlHeeove J³eJemLeevekeÌkeÀer keÀe³e DeeefCe keÀMeer DemeeJeer, ns þjJeC³ee®ee nkeÌkeÀ mLeeefvekeÀueeskeÀebvee DemeCes, Demeb ³ee mebkeÀuHeves®eb Lees[ke̳eele JeCe&ve keÀjlee³esF&ue. ne cegÎe meejeefien®³ee ®eUJeUerveb peeieeflekeÀ He[ÐeeJej lejDeeCeuee®e HeCe Deelee JnsvesPegSuee, yeesefueeqJn³ee DeMee keÀener osMeebveerlees keWÀêer³e OeesjCe efveefM®eleerleuee SkeÀ cegÎe cnCetve Iesleuee Deens.³egjesHeceOes Depetve l³eeuee HeÀejMeer ceev³elee efceUeuesueer veener. DeeefCeYeeb[Jeueer peie meJe& mecem³eebvee pes GÊej osleb, `yeepeejHesþ', efle®eerDeHe³eMenb er ner ®eUJeU Hejg Ms ee leekeÀoevr es cee[b le.s Heece leus ee®³ee ekf eÀb celeerDeelb ejjeäe³r e yeepeejHeþs ls e Fleke³Ì ee He[ueus ³ee, keÀceer Deenls e keÀer l³eelevt e

6

MeslekeÀN³eeb®³ee efJeJeb®evee mebHeu³ee veenerle®e DeeefCe l³ee®e peefceveerJejDevveOeev³e GlHeeove nesT MekeÀueb Demeleb lej lemebner Peeuesueb veener.

12 petve 2013 jespeer pekeÀelee&le uee efJn³ee keBÀHesefmeveeveb YeeJeerpeieemeeþer SkeÀ cenÊJeHetCe& peenerjveecee Ieesef<ele kesÀuee. keÀe@HeexjsìkebÀHev³eebveer nenekeÀej ceepeJetve pees efJeveeMe ®eeueJeuee Deens, l³eeuee³ee ®eUJeUerveb megmHeä efJejesOe kesÀuee. `nefjle DeLe&J³eJemLee' peieYejDebefiekeÀejueer peeJeer, Demeb DeeJeenve kesÀueb; Devve mJee³eÊeleskeÀ[sJeeì®eeueer®ee Hegvne SkeÀoe efveOee&j J³ekeÌle kesÀuee. De@ûees-FkeÀe@uee@peer'cnCepes meä= eMr eem$e DeeeCf e Mels ee®r ee SkeÀ$e ÒeJeeme®e peieeuee lee© MekeÀs ue³eeJej þece eJf eMJeeme J³ekelÌ e keÀs uee. Deepener Mels ekeÀjer keÀjlees leer Mels ee,rceeveJeer (³eebef$ekeÀ veJns) keÀewMeu³eHetCe& jerleerves kesÀuesueer ceemesceejer DeeefCeOeejCee#ece HeMegHeeueve ns®e DeeHeu³ee Devvee®es cegK³e m$eesle Deensle.³eeleu³ee DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej®³ee mLeeefvekeÀ JewefJeO³ee®eer peHeCetkeÀ - ceie leerefJeefJeOe mLeeefvekeÀ leb$e%eeveebceOeueer Demesue eEkeÀJee Òeef¬eÀ³eebceOeueer - leerpeHeC³eeJej keBÀHesefmevee Yej osles ns þeceHeCes ceeb[ueb. De@ûeesìe@eqkeÌmevme'Jej®e DeJeuebyetve jenCeb mebHeJeCes, DeewÐeesefiekeÀ He×leerves HeMegHeeueve vekeÀjCes, Hegveefve&cee&Ce#ece Tpee¥®ee Mesleerle JeeHej keÀjCes DeeefCe GlHeeefoleOeev³e eEkeÀJee Devve Deejesi³eeuee IeelekeÀ vemeu³ee®eer nceer osCes ³eemeieȳee®ee meceeJesMe De@ûees-FkeÀe@uee@peer ³ee mebkeÀuHevesle neslees.

ne®e peenejr veecee ®eUJeUe®r eer meeceeepf ekeÀ v³ee³e, nJeeceeve (yeoue)efJe<e³ekeÀ v³ee³e, efJeefJeOe peesKe[ebHeemetve cegkeÌleer, eEnmesHeemetve DeeefCe

efm$e³eebvee og³³ece uesKeC³eeHeemetve cegkeÌle peie, efveue&#ekeÀjerkeÀjCe DeeefCeMeelb eele, peceevr e DeeeCf e Òeeoes Mf ekeÀ IeìkeÀe®b eer ceeuekeÀer ³eemeyb eOb eer Mels ee®r eemeob Ye& IeTs ve HeCe peeieelf ekeÀ HeeleUeJr ej Yeet cf ekeÀe cee[b lee.s eyf e³eeCes keÀmesDeeefCe keÀe³e DemeeJesle/JeeHejeJesle, peerSce efHekebÀ DeeefCe efye³eeCeebJej®esyeewef×keÀ mJeeefcelJe ³eener ieesäeRJej megmHeä YetefcekeÀe Ieslees.

Yeejleeleu³ee keÀener MeslekeÀjer mebIeìvee uee efJn³ee keBÀHesefmevee®³eemeYeemeo Deensle. jepemLeeve, ceO³eÒeosMe, ceneje<ì^, GÊejeb®eue,GÊejÒeosMe ³ee efþkeÀeCe®³ee Yeejleer³e efkeÀmeeve ³egefve³eve®³ee MeeKee,keÀveeì& keÀ jep³e j³eels ee meIb e, keÀs jU keÀeks eÀevs eì HeÀecem& e& Demeees mf eSMeve,vebo³e je³ele meceke̳ee - DeebOe´, leeefceUvee[t HeÀece&me& DemeesefmeSMeve,DeeefoJeemeer iees$e cenemeYee - kesÀjU ner ³eeleueer keÀener ÒecegKe ceb[Uer.

meb³egkeÌle jeä^ mebIee®³ee `HetÀ[ DeB[ De@efûekeÀu®ejue Dee@ie&vee³ePesMeve(FAO)' ves 4 Dee@keÌìesyej 2012 jespeer ³ee ®eUJeUeryejesyej oesvnermebmLeeb®³ee IeìvesceOeu³ee efkeÀceeve menceleer®³ee cegÐeebJej SkeÀ$e keÀeceemeeþerSkeÀ meecebpem³e keÀjej kesÀuee. ³eeleuee cenÊJee®ee Yeeie cnCepes FAO `ueeefJn³ee...' efpeLes efpeLes jepekeÀer³e Òeef¬eÀ³esle menYeeieer nesT Henele Demesue,l³ee l³ee eþf keÀeCeer uee eJf n³ee..' uee menkeÀe³e& keÀjus e DeeeCf e Yekt eÀ, keÀg Hee<s eCeveä keÀjCes, Devvemegj#ee ³eele `uee efJn³ee keBÀHesefmevee'®eer ceole IesF&ue.

SKeeÐee ®eUJeUer®eb ³eMe cnCepes Depetve keÀe³e Demeleb...?

keÀUHe ÒeeC³eeb®espeib euepeeJr eve

[e@. veerefuecee kegÀuekeÀCeeadrneelimakulkarni@gmail.com

ceve<g ³e heeC³eeheceeCes keÀener heeCeer keÀUheele jenleele. ce{W îee,yekeÀN³ee, ueecee, Pesye´e, nefjCe, Deebefìueeshe Demes ceeskeÀȳee cewoeveeleDeeefCe kegÀjCeele ®ejCeejs DeveskeÀ heeCeer keÀUhe yeveefJeleele. heeC³eebceO³escegK³eleë one meeceeefpekeÀ ieì Dee{Uleele. keÀener SkeÀìs®e jenleele,keÀener pees[erves, keÀener kegÀìgbyeele jenleele, keÀener njsce yeveefJeleele,keÀener ieìebceO³es ceele=meÊeekeÀ he×le Demeles lej keÀeneRceO³es vej DeeefCeceeoe oesIeebvee meceeve DeefOekeÀej lej keÀener ieìebceO³es veer®e les G®®eDemee ÞeCs eeyr eOb e. Kejs cnCepes leer l³ee®b eer iejpe Demele.s DeLeel& e yej®s eoeJeis eJeis eUs heeCeer SkeÀe eJf eeMf eä he³eeJ& ejCeele mJele$b eheCes DeekeÀe<| ele nels eelepemes keÀer DeVee®ee meeþe DeLeJee hejpeerJeYe#eer he´eC³eeheemetve DemeuesueeOeeskeÀe. he´eC³eeb®es SkeÀ$e ³esCes Demeles ns vewmee|iekeÀ efþkeÀeCe®³eeheeLeecf ekeÀlecs eUg .s

keÀUhe keÀjCes ner SkeÀ meeceeefpekeÀ J³eJemLee Deens Demes cnCelee³eFs u& e. heeC³eecb eOeeur e vemw eei| ekeÀ keÀUhe keÀªve jenC³ee®eer meJe³e Jee{emr eueeieueerDemeeJeer leer efJeMes<e keÀejCeeves - DeLee&le l³eeleerue DeveskeÀefJeOeHeÀe³eÐeecb eUg ®s e! memleve heeC³ee®b ee eJf e®eej keÀjlee Demes eof meles keÀer keJÌ ee®f elekeÀener he´eCeer keÀUhe ve keÀjlee pees[erves efkeÀJee ueneve ieìele jenleele.meJem& eeOeejCeheCeks eÀUheele SkeÀe®e hepeelee®r es heeCeer jenleele hejlb eg vens cee®r eDemes Demeles Demesner veener. keÀUhe menpe, vewmee|iekeÀheCes le³eej neslees.

megjef#elelesmeeþer, efMekeÀej keÀjC³eemeeþer, SkeÀceskeÀeb®eer meeLe-meesyeleefceUefJeC³eemeeþer, DeVe menpeheCes efceUefJeC³eemeeþer DeeefCe meJee&lecenÊJee®es cnCepes Deeheuee meeLeeroej efceUefJeC³eemeeþer. he´eC³eeb®³eemeeceeefpekeÀ mlejeb®eer ceeefnleermeg×e keÀªve osleele ns keÀUhe. Deeleehe´Mve Demee he[lees keÀer keÀener he´eC³eebceO³es keÀUheele jenC³ee®eer iejpekeÀe evf eceeC& e Peeueer DemeeJee?r ner JeeieCekt eÀ keÀe Je keÀMeer Gl¬eÀelb e Peeuee?rkeÀUheele jenC³ee®ee meJee&le ceesþe HeÀe³eoe cnCepes hejepeerJeYe#eerheeC³eehb eemevt e DemeCeeje Oeeks eÀe keÀceer keÀjC³eeme neCs eejer ceole! cnCepe®s ehejepeerJeYe#eer he´eC³eeuee Deeheues meeJepe efìheC³eele ³esCeejer De[®eCe.keÀejCe keÀUheele meeOeejCeheCes ceO³eYeeieer Demeleele efheuues, Deepeejerhe´eCeer DeeefCe ceeoe ³eeb®³eeJej keÀesCeer nuuee kesÀuee lej l³ee keÀUhee®³eeYeeJs eleer meMeÊeÀ vej eME eie jeKs evt e SKeeÐee mejb #ekeÀ keÀ[îeeheceeCes DeeKeCeerkeÀjleele ! keJÌ ee®f ele les eMf ekeÀeN³eeJej SkeÀe$f eleheCes nuueeme×g e ®e{eJf eleeleDeeefCe keÀUheeleerue SKeeÐee he´eC³eeuee efMekeÀej nesC³eeheemetveJee®eefJeleele. cnCepes®e keÀUhe keÀªve jenCes ner efvemeie& efveJe[er®³ee®e¬eÀeletve efveJe[ueer iesuesueer meJe³e,Jele&CetkeÀ DemeeJeer !

heeC³ee®b ³ee keÀUhee®ee eJf e®eej keÀjleevb ee DeLeJee l³ee eJf e<e³eer mecepevt eIesleebvee mesuHeÀerMe n[& efLe³ejer' ®ee efJe®eej keÀje³euee nJee. nsceeruìve³ee Meem$e%eeves 1971 ceO³es ne efJe®eej ceeb[uee. l³eehetJeea, ³ee DeMee

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keÀUheele jenC³ee®³ee Jele&CetkeÀer®³ee Gl¬eÀeble nesC³eele kesÀJeU -SkeÀceskeÀebvee efceUCeeje HeÀe³eoe- ne SkeÀ®e cegÎe DeOeesjsefKele kesÀueepeele Demes. hejbleg `mesuHeÀerMe n[& efLe³ejer' ves ne cegÎe Kees[tve keÀe{ueeDeen.s ³ee eLf e³ejevr emg eej keÀUheeJej hejpeeJr eYe#eer heeC³eekeÀ[vt e neCs eeN³eenuu³eele yeensjerue yeepetuee Demeuesueer peveeJejb vesnceer®e Ye#e nesTMekeÀleele. ne OeeskeÀe keÀUhee®³ee ceO³eYeeieer keÀceer keÀceer nesle peelees.peemle heYeeJeMeeueer DeeeCf e leekeÀoJej heeCeer vens ceer mJeleëuee keÀUhee®³eeceO³eYeeieer þJs eleele. o³g ³ece ÞeCs ee®r ³ee heeC³eevb ee vens cee®r e yeenjs eur e yeepemt ejeneJes ueeieles DeeefCe l³eecegUs l³eeb®³ee peerJeeuee peemle OeeskeÀeDemelees.keÀUheeleerue he´eC³eeb®³ee neue®eeueer DeeefCe peeiee ³eeb®es heCekeÀene r e fve³ece Demeleele. nscee ruìve®³eecnCeC³eehe´ceeCes,keÀUheeleerue he´eCeer Deeheu³eepeJeU®³ee he´eC³ee®³ee efoMesves mejkeÀleele.keÀUheeleerue he´eCeer mebhetCe& keÀUhee®³ee peeies®eeefJe®eej keÀjleele. ner efLe³ejer keÀener he´eC³eeb®³eekeÀUhee®³ee yeeyeleerle JesieUer DemeeJeer Demesefomeles.

keÀUhee®³ee DeekeÀejceeveecegUs, l³eeleerueDeveks eÀ heeC³eecb eUg s pemee keÀUhe heìkeÀve eof melee,slemes®e keÀUheeleerue DeveskeÀ [esUs JesieJesieȳeeefoMesves keÀe³e&jle Demeu³eecegUs, Oeeske̳ee®eerpeeCeerJemegodOee ueJekeÀj nesles. keÀUheeleeruehe´l³eskeÀ he´eC³eeuee meejKes Jej-Keeueer heneJesueeiele veener, meejKes ue#e þsJeeJes ueeiele veener.³eecegUs KeeC³eemeeþer peemle JesU efceUlees.keÀUheeleerue he´eC³eebceO³es Dee{UCeejer DeeCeKeer SkeÀ ieesä cnCepes`emE e¬eÀevW eeFp[ eyf ee[E ie'. l³ee®ee DeLe& keÀUheele SkeÀe®e Je³ee®eer Deveks eÀ,yengoe, meJe& efheuues DemeCes. JeeFu[ yeerm쮳ee keÀUheele meJe& efheuuesmeeOeejCeleë SkeÀe®e JesUer pevceeuee ³esleele. ³ee®ee HeÀe³eoe Demee keÀerSKeeos efheuuet pejer Ye#³e þjues lejer efhe{er heg{erue Jeeì®eeue keÀjC³eele³eMemJeer nesles. keÀejCe eEmen, lejme efkeÀJee keÀesuns efMekeÀej keÀjleebveeSkeÀe®e he´eC³eeJej nuuee keÀjleele.hetJeea meebefieleu³ee he´ceeCes, njCeeb®eekeÀUhe ne SkeÀe®e he´peeleer®ee lej Pesye´e DeeefCe Jeeru[j yeermì ³eeb®eeSkeÀef$ele keÀUhe Demelees. ns he´eCeer SkeÀe efþkeÀeCeentve ogmeN³ee efþkeÀeCeerefveIeuesues Demeleele. keÀUheeleerue he´eC³eeb®eer mebK³ee DeeefCe l³ee®esDeekeÀejceeve yeouele Demeles. Pesye´e®ee keÀUheeleerue he´eCeer pesJne DeVeOegb[eUle Demeleele, ®ejle Demeleele lesJne SkeÀ he´eCeer efMekeÀeN³eeJejue#e þsTve Demelees. OeeskeÀe peeCeJeu³eeme lees SkeÀ efJeefMeä he´keÀej®eeDeeJeepe keÀe{vt e meJeev¥ ee meeJeOe keÀjlee.s keÀener keÀUhe SkeÀe$f ele jenleele,lej ieJ³eeb®ee keÀUhe SKeeoe efMekeÀejer De®eevekeÀ meceesj ³esTve GYee

jeefnuee lej heUeheU keÀjlees. ³ee heUeheUerle SKeeos efheuuet peKeceerneCs ³ee®eer Meke³Ì elee oKs eeur e Demele.s ceeþs s keÀUhe keÀjCeeN³ee heeC³eecb eO³esle©Ce (Je³eeves ueneve)Demeuesues vej DeeefCe ceeoe mJele뮳ee heeuekeÀebveemee[s vt e veJeevr e ieì le³eej keÀjleele. ³ee®ee HeÀe³eoe®e nels ee,s keÀejCe ³eeceUg s`Fveye´eReE[ie' ìeUlee ³esles. ceesþîee Deebefìueeshe®³ee keÀUheeceO³esJeeì®eeue keÀjleebvee l³ee he´osMeeleerue keÀUhee®eer nÎmegodOee þjefJeueerpeele.s keÀUhee®es J³eJemLeeheve Jeis eJeis eȳee heeC³eecb eO³es Jeis eȳee hekeÀej®esDemeles. JeeFu[ yeermì ®³ee keÀUheele ceesþs MeÊeÀerMeeueer vej meJee&leyeensjerue yeepetme Demeleele DeeefCe Deepetyeepetuee GodYeJeCeeN³eeOeeske̳eeheemetve keÀUhee®es j#eCe keÀjleele.

ns Peeues he´eC³eeb®³ee vewmee|iekeÀ keÀUheeyeÎue! he´eC³eebhe´ceeCes ceeCemesmegodOee keÀUhe, ieì keÀªve jenleele. ns keÀUhe DeLeJee ieì keÀenerefJeefMeä nsletves kesÀuesues Demeleele. l³ee®es HeÀe³eosner Demeleele, hejbleg nerieìyeepeer ceeCemeeuee keÌJeef®ele ceeCegmekeÀer heemetve ueebye vesleebvee efomeles.ceeCemes he´eC³eeb®es Devewmee|iekeÀ keÀUhemegOOee le³eej keÀjleele. yengleskeÀJesUens Demeles mJeleë ®³ee HeÀe³eÐeemeeþer!keÀUheeleerue he´eC³eebkeÀ[s ue#eosCes meeshes Demeles DeeefCe l³ee heemetve efceUCeeje HeÀe³eoe ceesþe Demelees.Demees.

keÀUhe keÀjC³ee®eer hesjCee,vewmee|iekeÀ efveJe[ osles DeeefCe l³eemeeþerkeÀjCeerYetle Demeles les efMekeÀeN³eeheemetve efceUCeejs j#eCe, vewmee|iekeÀefveJe[erves he´eC³eebvee keÀUhe keÀjC³eeme he´eslmeenve efoues les cegK³eleëkeÀUheele jenC³ee®³ee HeÀe³eÐeecegUs!

cnCepes MeJs eìer hel³eks eÀ peeJr e ue{e ols ee,s eJf eeMf eäheCes Jeeielee,s ³ee®eemeyb eOb e Demelees vemw eei| ekeÀ evf eJe[eMr eer DeeeCf e l³eeJej DeJeueyb evt e Demeueus ³eemJele뮳ee DeeqmlelJeeMeer !

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ceeib es LeeHCeer ... ieeJs ³ee®ee ceiej cenels meJeefJeMes<e uesKe

Deeveboe ye@vepeea ë DevegJeeo - Heefjef#ele met³e&JebMeerparikshitsuryavnshi.blogspot.in

ieeJs ³eeleeur e ne heejhb eejf keÀ Oeeec| ekeÀ eJf eOeer SkeÀe Del³elb e mekb eÀìiemlehe´peeleeruee Jee®eefJeC³eemeeþer ceesuee®eer YetefcekeÀe efveYeeJelees Deens.

Deecneuee Jeeìsle SkeÀ íesìemee veeuee ueeieuee. lesLes SkeÀ efoJe[(®eskeÀ[& efkeÀuyeskeÀ veeJee®ee meehe) Deieoer efvemleyOe yemeuee neslee.keÀoeef®ele ne efyeveefJe<eejer meehe lesLes SKeeÐee he´Jeenheeflele yes[keÀe®eereEkeÀJee ceeMee®eer Jeeì heenle Ye#³emeeOevee keÀjle DemeeJee! ogheej®³eeleUhel³ee Gvnele, veejUe®³ee Pee[eb®³ee meeJeueerletve, ef®eKeue leg[JeleDeecner l³ee yeebOekeÀece meg© Demeuesu³ee Iejehe³e¥le heesnes®euees.

veeceoJs ejeJe ³ee mLeeevf ekeÀ ceemecs eejeuee Yeìs e³euee Deecner ieeJs ³eeleeur ePegDeejer veoer®³ee keÀeþeJej Jemeuesu³ee ogYee&ì ³ee ieeJeele Deeuees neslees.veeceosJejeJe DeeefCe l³eeb®es veelesJeeF&keÀ SkeÀ efJeefMeä DeMeer Oeee|cekeÀheejbheefjkeÀ hetpeeefJeOeer keÀjleele efpe®³eeleceiejer®eer hetpee kesÀueer peeles. ³ee efJeOeerueekeÀeskeÀCeerle ceebies LeehCeer cnCeleele.

keÀener ceeps eke³Ì ee Mels ekeÀjer DeeeCf e ceemecs eejkegÀìgbefye³eebkeÀ[tve heej hee[uee peeCeeje neefJeOeer ceeCemeeb®es ceiejeRheemetve mebj#eCe JneJes³ee GefÎäeves meg© keÀjC³eele Deeuee. iesu³eeJe<ee®a ³ee peug ew ceenf v³eele ieeJs ³eeleeur e ueeks eÀehf e³eyeer®e, ceespeeaceJej SkeÀ ceesþer ceiej efHeÀjleDemeu³ee®ee HeÀesìes Jne³ejue Peeuee neslee.heneìs®e cee@e\veie Jee@keÀuee iesuesu³ee SkeÀeJ³eÊeÀevr es lees keÀe{uee nels ee. Demes Demeues lejer³eeJeªve ieeJs ³eeleeur e ceiejeyR eÎue ueeks eÀecb eO³esefkeÀleer De%eeve Deens ns®e efometve ³esles.

Yeejleele ceieje®r ³ee leevr e hepeeleer Dee{Uvt e³esleele l³eebhewkeÀer SkeÀ ner ieesJ³eeleerue iees[îeeheeC³eeleerue ceiej. ogmeN³ee oesve he´peeleercnCepes mecegêeleerue/KeeN³ee heeC³eeleerue ceiej DeeefCe Ie[er³eeue.

ceeveJeJebMeMeem$e%e DeeefCe Jev³epeerJe le%eeb®³ee celes ceebies LeehCeermeejK³ee heejhb eejf keÀ hepg eeeJf eOeeÜR ejs Kee[elr eeur e ceiejevR ee pes cenÊJe eof uesiesues Deens l³eecegUs HeÀÊeÀ ³ee mebkeÀìie´mle he´peeleer®es®e mebj#eCe nesC³eemeceole nels es Demes veener lej leJs e{îee®e mekb eÀìiemle heejf emq Leleelr e Demeueus ee

efle®ee DeefOeJeeme, KeejHegÀìer®³ee pebieueeb®es osKeerue mebj#eCe nesles.oYg eeì& ceO³es ojJe<eea hee<w e DeceeJeem³eus ee ceeib es LeehCeer meepejer keÀs ueer peelespeer meeOeejCeheCes peevesJeejer®³ee heefnu³ee DeceeJem³eeuee ³esles. ³ee Je<eealeer 10 peevesJeejeruee nesleer.

Yeejleeleeur e Flej keÀener Yeeieecb eO³es oKs eeur e DeMeehekeÀej®eer ceiejhept eenels e Demeu³ee®³ee veeoW er meehe[leele p³eele iepg ejele (keÀ®í DeeeCf e oe#f eCeiegpejele), cenejeä^ DeeefCe heeq½ece yebieeueceOeerue oef#eCe 24 hejieCee³eeb®ee meceeJesMe Deens.

ieesJ³ee®eer ceebies LeehCeer SkeÀ heejbheefjkeÀ Oeee|cekeÀ efJeOeer cnCetveDeepeoKs eeur e eìf keÀt ve Deens FlekeÀs ®e veener lej ceeveJe-Jev³epeeJr e meIb e<eel& eeof JemeeW of Jeme Jee{ nels e Demeleevb ee (meJb eOev& eeleeur e elf e®³ee ³eeis eoeveeceUg )s

leer eJf eÜevee®b es DeeeCf e Jev³epeeJr e meJb eOev& e #e$s eelekeÀece keÀjCeeN³eeb®es ue#e JesOetve Iesle Deens.ner hetpee Kepeeve' ³ee cegK³elJes celm³eheeueveeEkeÀJee Mesleermeeþer Jeeheju³ee peeCeeN³eemLeeefvekeÀ efkeÀveeN³eebJej®e kesÀueer peeles.

³ee e fJeOee r®ee leheMeerue meebielee bveeveeceosJejeJeeb®ee Glmeen Deesmeb[tve Jeenleneslee. meJe&he´Lece les veoer efkeÀveeN³eeJejerueef®eKeueeheemetve SkeÀ ceesþer ceiej yeveJeleele.veeceosJe Deeheu³ee Jeef[ueebkeÀ[tve ne efJeOeerefMekeÀues. MebKe DeeefCe eEMeheu³eeb®es KeJeuesDeeefCe [esUs Demeuesueer ner ceiej les 20efceefveìeble yeveJeleele, Demesner l³eebveerDeefYeceeveeves meebe fieleues. ³eeveblej ³eeef®eKeuee®³ee ceiejeruee MeWotj, HegÀues,DeiejyeÊeer Fl³eeoeRveer mepeJeleele.

heeLev& ee meceejens e®³ee JeUs e,r p³eele HeÀÊeÀheg©<eebvee®e menYeeie Ieslee ³eslees, veejU, iegU DeeefCe cegjcegN³ee®³eeefveJeoemeesyele SkeÀ keÀeWye[er®eb efheuuet DeeefCe SkeÀ Deb[ ³ee ceiejer®³eeheesìele oeyetve ìekeÀleele.

cneosF& mebMeesOeve keWÀêe®es DeO³e#e DeeefCe ieesJee jep³e Jev³epeerJemeuueeieej ceb[Ue®es meom³e efvece&ue kegÀuekeÀCeea cnCeleele, `SkeÀe

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oblekeÀLesvegmeej pesJne peJeU®³ee mecegêe®es heeCeer Yeeleeb®³ee Mesleele ³esleDemes lesJne mecegêeuee Meeble keÀjC³eemeeþer ieeJekeÀjer ceiejeR®eer hetpeekeÀjerle, p³eeb®eer mebK³ee l³eeJesUer efJehegue nesleer. ojJe<eea peevesJeejerleerueDeceeJeem³es®³ee efoJeMeer, p³eeJesUer YeelekeÀe{Ceer®ee nbieeceosKeerueDemelees, ne meesnUe heej he[lees. ieeJekeÀN³eeb®ee Demee efJeMJeeme DeensefkeÀ l³eeb®³ee ³ee hetpescegUs®e ceiej l³eeb®es keÀesCeles®e vegkeÀmeeve keÀjle veenerDeeefCe l³eeb®³ee kegÀìgbyeer³eebJej nuueeosKeerue keÀjle veener.'

veeb of lee keÀ= <Cee, me®b eeuekeÀ, meehr eeDr eej, SvJne³evec& eìW ue Sp³ekg eÀs MevemeWìj, ³eeb®³ee celes, ceebies LeehCeer ne efJeOeer ieesJ³eeleerue eEnot ieew[ ³eeSkeÀe Deeeof Jeemeer peceeleekr eÀ[vt e keÀs uee peelee.s Je©Ce oJs ee®³ee [eiW eje®eerhetpee kesÀu³eeves lees he´mevve neslees DeeefCe Yeelee®³ee Mesleeb®es j#eCe keÀjleesDeMeer Þe×e l³eeceeies Deens. ³eeyeeyeleerle DeeCeKeerner keÀener JesieȳeekeÀLee meeeb if eleu³ee peeleele. ceiej ner eMf ekeÀejer ceeMeevb ee Keele,s p³eeceUg sceemesceejebvee KeeC³ee³eesi³e ceemes DeeefCe keÀesUbyeer ceesþîee he´ceeCeeleecf eUleele DeMeer ceev³elee ieeJs ³ee®³ee ceemecs eejecb eO³es ueeks eÀehf e³e Demeu³ee®escnìues Deens.

³eeleueer cepes®eer yeeye DeMeer efkeÀ ieesJ³eele heejbheefjkeÀefjl³ee ceiejer®eerhetpee pejer nesle Demeueer lejer ner ceiej keÀener cegU®eer ieesJ³ee®eer veener,leer efleLeu³ee veÐee, Kee[er eEkeÀJee he´eCeerpeielee®ee Yeeie veJnleer! 500Je<ee¥hetJeea efyepeehetj®ee MeemekeÀ DeeefoueMene ³eeves ieesJ³eeleerue Kee[erle³ee ceiejer mees[u³ee. heesleg&ieerpe Dee¬eÀcekeÀebvee IeeyejJetve ieesJ³eeheemetveotj þsJeC³eemeeþer l³eeves ner keÀuhekeÀ jCeveerleer Jeehejueer nesleer.

Demes cnìues peeles ekf eÀ, DeuHeÀemW ees [er Deuyekg eÀkeÀ& ³ee meeceep³eJeeoerheesleg&ieerpe pevejueuee Men osC³eemeeþer DeeefoueMeneves ceeb[esJeer DeeefCePeDg eejer Kee[evR ee pee[s CeeN³ee keÀg cyepeD&g ee keÀeueJ³eele iee[s îee heeC³eeleeur eceiejer mees[u³ee nesl³ee. ogYee&ì l³eeJesUer SkeÀ Jeo&Uer®es yeboj nesles, pesDeuyegkeÀke&Àves Deeu³eeveblej ueJekeÀj®e nmleiele kesÀues. DeeefCe 1510ceO³es DeuyegkeÀke&Àves DeeefoueMenekeÀ[tve eflemeJee[er (³eele kegÀcyepeg&Deeyesìemen 30 JemeenleeR®ee meceeJesMe neslee) eEpeketÀve Iesleues.

keÀener mebMeesOekeÀeb®³ee celes ³ee mLeeefvekeÀ ceiejer cnCepes ®eesjeJe®esyesì DeeefCe l³ee®³ee Deemeheeme®es KeejHegÀìer®es pebieue. ³esLes hetJeea ceesþîeeheceeCeeJej Demeueus ³ee ceieje®R ³ee ceKg ³e pevemeKb ³e®s ee®e SkeÀ Yeeie ne³s e.

keÀeUe®³ee DeesIeele iees[îeeheeC³eeleerue ³ee ceiejeRveer ieesJ³eeleerue#eej³egÊeÀ heeC³eeMeer pegUJetve Iesleues DeeefCe ³esLeerue KeejHegÀìer pebieueheefjmebmLesle Deeheueer YejYejeì meeOeueer. Deepe kegÀcyepeg&Dee keÀeueJeene pebieueer ceiej heenC³eemeeþer ne@ìmhee@ì cnCetve DeesUKeuee peelees.³eemeeþer jep³e mejkeÀej®³ee he³e&ìve efJeYeeieekeÀ[tve peuehe³e&ìveeueeheels meenvener eof ues peele Deen.s ceiej ner SkeÀ mekb eÀìiemle hepeeleer Deen.sefleuee osMee®³ee Jev³epeerJe (mebj#eCe) keÀe³eÐeebleie&le meJeex®®e opee&®es

(Mes[îetue 1) mebj#eCe he´ehle Deens. Demes Demeues lejer vepeerkeÀ®³eekeÀeUele ³ee he´peeleerJej DeLeJee efle®³ee mebK³esJej ieesJ³eele keÀesCel³ee®ehekeÀej®es meJex#eCe Peeuesues veener. efvece&ue kegÀuekeÀCeea DeeefCe l³eeb®eer ìercejep³eeleerue ceiejeR®eer ieCevee keÀjC³eemeeþer MeemeveekeÀ[tve hejJeeveieerefceUC³ee®eer Jeeì heenle Deensle.

Deepe ceebies LeehCeer HeÀÊeÀ ogYee&ì he³e¥le®e ce³ee&efole jeefnuesueer veener.mJe³emb eJs eer memb Lee SAWE (mì[er De[B DeJeDs ejvems e DeeH@ eÀ JeeFu& [ueeFH& eÀDeB[ SvJne³eve&ceWì)®es ®ejCe osmeeF& meebieleele keÀer, Deepetyeepet®³eeieeJeebceO³esner le©Ceebheemetve les cneleeN³eebhe³e¥le meJe&®epeCe ³ee efJeOeerlemenYeeieer nesle Deensle. osmeeF& ns ieesJ³eeleerue heeW[eceOeerue ceeveJe-ceiejmebyebOe ³eeJej keÀece keÀjle Deensle. l³ee®eyejesyej ceiejeR®es DeeqmleÊJeDemeuesu³ee 21 ieeJeebleosKeerue ³ee yeeyeleerle osKejsKe keÀjle Deensle.

ogYee&쮳ee veeceosJejeJehe´ceeCes®e vepeerkeÀ®³ee leueJueer ieeJeelelegkeÀejece cegUerkeÀ iesu³ee 30 Je<ee¥heemetve ceebies LeehCeer meepejer keÀjleele.les ne eJf eOeer ceKg ³elJes ceiejehR eemevt e mejb #eCe ecf eUeJes DeeeCf e l³eevb eer Deeheu³eeYeelee®³ee Mesleele ³esT ve³es ³eemeeþer keÀjleele. cegUerkeÀ cnCeleele,`yeebOeeJej DeeefCe Mesleele Deecner ceeskeÀUsheCeeves efHeÀjlees. Deecneueeceieje®R eer Yeelr eer Jeeìle veene.r hel³e#e ceemecs eejer ekE eÀJee Mels eer keÀjelr e vemeueslejer peemleerpeemle le©Ce Deelee ³ee efJeOeerle menYeeieer nesle Deensle.'cegUerkeÀ mJeleëner ceemesceejer eEkeÀJee Mesleer keÀjle veenerle. les keÀeWkeÀCejus Jecs eO³es veeks eÀjeur ee Deenls e DeeeCf e l³eevb eer l³ee®b eer peceevr e Yee[ls eÊJeeJejefoueer Deens. lejerner SkeÀ hejbheje cnCetve les ne efJeOeer ojJe<eea ve ®egkeÀleeheej hee[leele.

leueJueerleerue®e SWMeer®³ee Iejele Demeuesues efJeþt cnCeleele efkeÀ,`peefceveerJej DeeefCe heeC³eelener Deece®es j#eCe keÀj, Deece®³ee efnlee®eerkeÀeUpeer Ie,s DeMeer heeLev& ee Deecner ceeib es (ceiej) uee keÀjlee.s ceiejehR eemevt emejb #eCeemeeþer heeLev& eys ejeys ej®e Deecner ³ee eJf eOeelr evt e evf emeieeh& eleer Deece®eeDeeoj oKs eeur e J³eÊeÀ keÀjlees keÀejCe l³ee®³eeJej®e Deece®ee Gojevf eJeen&DeJeuebyetve Deens.'

Deepe KeejHeÀg ìe®r es peib eue DeeeCf e leLs es jenCeejer ceKg ³e hepeelee,r ceiejoesIesner ceeveJeer nmle#esHeecegUs ceesþîee mebkeÀìele meehe[ues Deensle.ieesJ³ee®³ee efJekeÀemee®³ee Peheeìîeeves lesLeerue KeejHegÀìer®eer pebieuesceeþs îeeheceeCeeJej KeeTve ìekeÀueer Deenls e DeeeCf e leLs eeur e veÐeener heoet <f elekesÀu³ee Deensle. Deelee Oeee|cekeÀ DeeefCe meebmke=ÀeflekeÀ keÀce&keÀeb[s lejerieeJs ³eeleeur e ceiejevR ee DeeeCf e elf eLeu³ee peib eueevb ee Jee®eJet MekeÀleeur e keÀe³ens heneJe³ee®es.

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JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeeRJejerue peerJemecetn ... uesKeebkeÀ 11 JeejlveekeÀje®es Deblejbie

[e@. Heg©<eesÊece keÀeUs ë 93225 07685

p³ee efþkeÀeCeer efkeÀveejHeÆer obletj Demeles DeLeJee DeeHeleìer³e#e$s eele Jeeuekg eÀemleg (Sand Bar) Demelee,s p³eeceUg s ueeìe®b ³ee DeeoUCeyeuee®ee (Energy of Surf) DeHeJ³e³e neslees, DeMee efþkeÀeCeer ueeìeb®eeDeûe-KeUeU (Forward wash) DeJemeeoer keÀCe efkeÀveejHeÆerkeÀ[s{keÀuelees. HeCe Hegvne mecegêekeÀ[s Dees{t MekeÀle veener Je JeeuegkeÀece³eDeLeJee jslee[ HegUCe le³eej nesles. ueeìeb®³ee Deûe KeUeUe®es JeHejleer®³ee KeUeUe®es yeU efkeÀleer Demeles ³eeJej JeeUgb®³ee keÀCeeb®eeDeekeÀej-ÒekeÀej DeJeuebyetve Demelees. meeceev³eleë ns yeU Je JeeUt®³eekeÀCeeb®ee DeekeÀej ³eeb®³eele mece ÒeceeCe Demeles. ns keÀCe keÀHe®³ee, ieesìs,Yej[ JeeU,t yeejekr eÀ JeeUt Je ieeU (silt and clay) ³ee DeekeÀej ÒekeÀeje®b esDemeleele. JeeUt®es keÀCe veÐee Je Flej iees[îee HeeC³ee®es ÒeJeen, [eWiejJe peecf eveekr eÀ[vt e meceêg ekeÀ[s ueeìs vt e DeeCeleele. l³ee®e ÒeceeCes leUeleeur eKe[keÀeb®es #ejCe (erosion) nesTve osKeerue les yeveleele. meeiejerpeeJr ee®b ³ee keÀb keÀeuee®b es (skeletons) eJf eKe[b ve neTs ve DeeeCf e meceêg eleeur e#eejeb®es jemee³eefvekeÀ DeJe#esHeCe (precipitation) Peeu³eevesmeg×e JeeUt®eskeÀCe le³eej neTs MekeÀleele. DekeÀeyev& eer #eeje®b es yenJg eeejf keÀ (polymets

of inorganic salts) keÀesCel³ee Oeelet cetueêJ³eeb®³ee meb³egieebveer yeveuesDeensle l³eeJeªve l³eeb®es jbieªHe þjles Je JeeUt®ee/jsleer®ee jbienerkeÀesCel³ee keÀCeeb®es l³eele ÒeeOeev³e Deens ³eeJeªve þjlees.

mej pee@pe& mìeskeÌme ³ee Òeefme× ieefCelep%eeves keÀCeebJejerue HeeC³ee®eerDees{ ner l³ee keÀCeeb®³ee J³eemeeJej Je ueeìe/ÒeJeen ³eeb®³ee JesieeJejDeJeueyb evt e Demeles ns emf e× keÀs ues Je leer ceeps eC³ee®es meceekr eÀjCener yeveJeue.s³ee meceerkeÀjCeele jsleer®es keÀCe mejU js<esle®e Dees{ues peeCes DeHesef#eleOejues. HeCe Òel³e#eele cee$e efJe<eceleue He=ÿYeeieeJej keÀCeeb®eer neue®eeuenesle Demeu³eeves Ie<e&CeeceOetve keÀener yeue J³e³e nesleb. JeeUt®es ceesþeues

keÀCe DeLeJee ieesìs ueeìeb®ee Jesie 100 mes.ceer. Òeefle meskebÀoeHes#ee DeefOekeÀDemesue lej®e {keÀueues peeT MekeÀleele. lej ne Jesie 20 mes.ceer. Òeeflemeks eÀb o He³el¥ e keÀceer nels ee®e les Keeueer yemeleele. JeeU®t ³ee yeejekr eÀ keÀCeevb ee(fine sand particles) l³eeceeveeves menpe ®eeuevee efceUles. HeCe ieeU-keÀCe (silt and clay) cee$e SkeÀoe mee®eues keÀer l³eeb®es ®eueve peJeUHeemeDemebYeJe Demeles. DeLee&le DeJe©× (stagnant) DeLeJee Del³eble mebLeHeeC³ee®³ee efþkeÀeCeer®e ieeU-keÀCe mee®etve l³eeb®ee meekeÀe yevelees.

JeeoUer JeeN³eebcegUs ueeìeb®³ee Deûe KeUeUe®es yeue Jee{les DeeefCeDeHeleìer³e DeJemeeo efvecve-Jesueeb®eueer #es$eekeÀ[s {keÀueuee peelees Jeueeìe HegUCeerJej DeefOekeÀ ceesþîee #es$eeJej Hemeªve yee¿e Jesueeb®eueer#e$s eeleeur e JeeUt Ke®s ele Jeus ee®b eueer #e$s eele DeeCeleele. emf Leleer HeJt eH& eoeJej³els eevee JeeU-t keÀCee®b eer neue®eeue yejeys ej Gueì ÒekeÀejs neTs ve ekf eÀveejeHetJe&Jele neslees. JeeoUer JeeN³eeyejesyej keÀesj[îee Peeuesu³ee JeeUt®³eeLejebceOetve ieeU-keÀCe (silt and clay) GOeUues peeTve OetU-{ieeb®³eemJeªHeele peefceveerkeÀ[s Jeentve vesues peeleele. ceO³ece DeekeÀeje®es keÀCeJeeN³eeyejesyej PesHeeJele otjJej vesues peeleele lej Yej[, ceesþs keÀCeie[ie[le Lees[s otjHe³e¥le®e Heesn®et MekeÀleele. ³eecegUs JeeuegkeÀece³eHegUCeeRJejerue IeìkeÀ keÀCeeb®es ÒeceeCe JeeoUeveblej yeoueu³ee®es efometve³esles.

JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeeR®es #eHeCe ëMeskeÀ[es -npeejes Je<ex DeMee He×leerves ieþve Peeuesu³ee jslee[

HegUCeeRJej meJee&le Jej®ee pee[ Lej iesu³ee keÀener oMekeÀeble meeþuesu³eeJeeU®t ee, l³eeKeeueer npeejes Je<eeH¥ eJt eea meeþueus ³ee JeeU®t ee Lej Je l³eener

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Keeueer leUMeeruee (bed rocks) Demee Deeke=ÀleeryebOe efomelees. Jesueeb®eueerJe efvecve Jesueeb®eueer #es$eelener meJee&le Jej®ee Je pee[ Lej iesu³ee keÀeneroMekeÀeble meeþuesu³ee JeeUt®ee, l³eeKeeueer menm$eeJeOeer Je<ee¥Heemetvemeeþle Deeuesu³ee JeeUt®ee pee[ Lej Je l³eener Keeueer leUMeerueeDemeu³ee®es Dee{Ules. DeHeleìer³e Je ceO³e-YetKeb[ceb®eer³e #es$eele iesu³eekeÀener oMekeÀeble meeþuesu³ee JeeUt®ee Lej ¬eÀceMeë keÀceer Gb®eer®ee nesleiesuesuee efomelees lej ue#eeJeOeer Je<ex meeþuesu³ee JeeUt®ee Lej YejHetjpee[er®ee Je l³eeKeeueer leUMeeruee Demee Deeke=ÀleeryebOe Dee{Ulees.YetKeb[ceb®ee®³ee GJe&jerle Yeeieer les mecegê leU, ³ee Yeeieele iesu³ee keÀeneroMekeÀeble meeþuesu³ee JeeUt®ee HeeleUmee Lej, ue#eeJeOeer Je<ee¥Heemetvemeeþle Deeuesuee KetHe®e pee[ JeeUt®ee Lej Je l³eeKeeueer DeJemeeoe®esIeveerkeÀjCe nesTve le³eej nesle DemeCeeN³ee DeJemeeoer-DeMceeb®ee LejJe l³ee®³eener Keeueer leUMeeruee DeMeer ªHejsKee efomeles. efJeefJeOeKeesueeRJejerue JeeUt/DeJemeeoer LejebceO³es Dee{UCeeN³ee efíêevegJeleea(foraminiferan) ®³ee DeY³eemeeletve l³ee Leje®³ee yeveC³ee®ee keÀeUþjJelee ³eslees.

meJe&meeOeejCeHeCes Depem$e ueeìe ceesþîee ÒeceeCeeJej JeeUtHegUCeerkeÀ[s mejkeÀJeleele. oj leemeeuee ceesþîee DeekeÀejceevee®eer JeeUtueeìeb®³ee KeUeU #es$eele Jeentve DeeCeueer peeles lej ieg©lJeekeÀ<e&Ce JeHejleer®³ee ueeìe ³eeb®³eecegUs peJeUHeeme l³ee®e Jesieele JeeUt Hegvnemeceêg ekeÀ[s Dee{s ueer peeles p³eeceUg s JeeU®t es eJf elejCe Deens l³ee emf Leleelr ejeKeues peele.s JeeU®t es ue#eCee³r e DeekeÀejceeve keÀeCs el³eener JeUs er HeeC³eeleG®euetve Oejuesu³ee efmLeleerle jentve meeiejer ÒeJeen, GOeeCe-efmLeleer,JeeN³eeb®es yeue DeMee IeìkeÀebJej DeJeuebyetve JeeUt®eer neue®eeue neslejenles. peJeUHeeme 20 ì^keÀ Yejleerue SJe{er JeeUt ®eesJeerme leemeeleDemee ÒeJeeme keÀjles. meceMeerlees<Ce keÀìeryebOeele (temetare region)

$eÝlet DeefOekeÀ megmHe<ì efomeleele. efnJeeȳeele JeeoUer JeeN³eebcegUsKeesueJejerue JeeUt efkeÀveeN³ee®³ee efoMesveer Kes®eueer peeTve JeeuegkeÀemlet(sand bars) le³eej nesleele. Hejleer®³ee ueeìe HegUCeerJejerue yeejerkeÀJeeUt DeMee JeeuegkeÀemlegbHe³e¥le Kes®etve DeeCeleele Je HegUCeeRJej Yej[JeeUt ceeies jenles. ûeer<ceele mecegê Meeble Demelees lesJne ner JeeUt HegveM®eHegUCeerJej lemes®e Keesue mecegêele vesueer peeles. oj efoJeMeer HegUCeer®³eemJeªHeele yeoue Ie[leevee efomele vemeuee lejer JeeUt®eer ue#eCeer³eneue®eeue cee$e nesle®e Demeles. ueeìe pesJne efJeefMeä keÀesveeleefkeÀveeN³eeuee efYe[leele lesJne jsleer®es keÀCe Hejleer®³ee ueeìebyejesyejHegUCeer®³ee Keeue®³ee Debieeuee Hemejle jenleele.

jslee[ HegUCeeRJejerue peerJemecegn (Sandshore Community)

JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeeRJej met³e&ÒekeÀeMe cegyeuekeÀ ÒeceeCeele efceUlees.ÒekeÀeMeekf eÀjCe Mee<s evt e JeeU®t es keÀCe leeHeleele Je eof Jemee JeeU®t es leHeceevenJes®³ee/HeeC³ee®³ee leHeceeveentve DeefOekeÀ jenles. ns leHle JeeuetkeÀCe

G<Celee menpelesves HeeCeer DeLeJee nJeskeÀ[s megHeto& keÀª MekeÀleDemeu³eeves je$eer JeeUt®es leHeceeve HeeCeer/nJes®³ee letuevesle keÀceer jenles.JeeU®t ³ee keÀCeecb eOevt e HeeCeer lJejvs es ePf ejHele Demeu³eeves HeeC³ee®eer HeeleUerKeeueer peelee®e He=ÿYeeieeJejerue JeeUt keÀesj[erþeCe nesles. HeCe Lees[sKeesue peelee Deesueer JeeUt Je DeefOekeÀ KeesueerJej HeeCeer ueeieles. DeesuesDemeleevee HejmHejebvee ef®ekeÀìtve jenCeejs JeeUt®es keÀCe keÀesj[s neslee®eefJeueieleele. p³eecegUs JeeUt efmLej DeOeëmlej (substratum) osTMekeÀle veener. efMeJee³e JeeUt®³ee keÀCeeb®es HeeC³eeyejesyej GlLeeHeve JeDeOeëmLeeHeve nesle Demeu³eeves Deesu³ee JeeUtJejner mepeerJeebvee efmLejjenCes DeMeke̳e nesles. HeCe JeeuegkeÀCeebceOeerue HeeskeÀȳeebletve nJee JeHeeCeer menpe KesUles jent MekeÀle Demeu³eeves He=ÿYeeieeHeemetve DeeleefJeefJeOe mepeerJe Jeeme keÀjleevee Dee{Uleele.

Ke[keÀeU HegUCeeRJej nceKeeme Dee{UCeejs efKeUJeCe DemeuesuesMewJeeue JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeeRJej cee$e Deefpeyeele efomele veenerle.l³eeSsJepeer met#ce, HeeC³eele HeebieCeejer, SkeÀHesMeer³e MewJeeues efJeHegueÒeceeCeele JeeUtbceOeerue HeeC³eeyejesyej He=ÿYeeieeHeemetve KeesueJejnsuekeÀeJeleevee Dee{Uleele. `Heesne, HeesKeje eEkeÀJee JeeUtyejesyejueesìues pee' DeMee HeefjefmLeleerle leie OejC³eemeeþer ÒeeC³eebvee efJeefJeOeÒekeÀej®eer Devekg eÀt ueves DeeJeM³ekeÀ þjleele. meJeel& e evf el³ee®es Devekg eÀt uevecnCepes HeeC³ee®³ee jIs eys eenjs jenCes ekE eÀJee jls eer HeeKs eªve HeeCeer GHeueyOeDemeuesu³ee KeesueerJej jenCes. yengleebMe ÒeeCeer HeeC³eeleerue DevvekeÀCeieeUtve Hees<eCe efceUJeleele. jsleerle KeesueJej Jeeme kesÀu³eeves ÒeeC³eeb®esYe#ekeÀ ueeìe®b ee ceej, ÒeKej ÒekeÀeMe, G®®e leHeceeve, Me<g keÀlee ³eeHb eemevt emebj#eCe efceUles. Hejblet JeeUtle jenC³ee®ee meJee&le ceesþe leesìe cnCepesDevvee®eer keÀcelejlee. Deens eìs e®r ³ee keÀeUele eJf eeJf eOe He#ee,r íeìs s memleveÒeeCeer, mejerme=He Je keÀerìkeÀ jsleerJejerue Je jsleerceOeerue Ye#e MeesOeleele.lej Yejleeryejesyej ceemes, KeskeÀ[s, keÀesUbyeer, ³eebmeejKes Ye#ekeÀ ³esleele.HeÀkeÌle meg#ce HeeokeÀ-HueJekeÀebveer mebMuesef<ele kesÀuesues Devve DeHegjs þjlesJe l³eecegUs JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeeRJej Dee{UCeejs DeveskeÀ ÒeeCeer meWêer³e/

13

keÀeyev& eer DeJeMe<s eeJb ej evf eJeen& keÀjleele. yenlg eks eÀ eME eHeer (clams) Je Keks eÀ[s(crabs) HeeC³eeleerue HueJekesÀ Je meWêer³e keÀCe ieeUtve l³eeJej peieleele.Deesues JeeUt®es keÀCe DemLee³eerHeCes SkeÀceskeÀebvee ef®ekeÀìle Demeues lejerDeMee JeeUtle HeesKejuesueer efyeUs menpe®e keÀesmeUleele DeeefCe cnCetve®eHe<g keÀUmes HeeKs ejCeejs ÒeeCeer e®f ekeÀì êeJe m$eJevt e l³ee®es ueHs eve yeeis eÐee®³eeDeeleerue eEYeleerJej keÀjleele p³eecegUs ner efyeUs keÀesmeUle veenerle.HeeC³ee®³ee js<esHeemetve peefceveer®³ee efoMesves p³ee KeesueerJej HeeCeer GHeueyOenels es leer Keeus eer Jee{le peele Demeu³eeves HeeKs ejCeeN³ee ÒeeC³ee®b es vemw eeif ek& eÀ#es$e efJeYeepeve nesleevee efomeles. pes ÒeeCeer DeefOekeÀ KeesueJej HeesKeªMekeÀle veenerle les efvecce Jesueeb®eueer #es$eekeÀ[s lej pes ¬eÀceMeë DeefOekeÀueebye veȳee yeveJet MekeÀleele Demes ÒeeCeer HegUCeer®³ee efoMesvesDeefOekeÀeefOekeÀ DeblejeJej meeHe[t MekeÀleele.

l³eeb®³ee Mejerjer®³ee DeekeÀejeJeªve JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeeRJejDee{UCeejs ÒeeCeer met#ce ÒeeCeer (microfauna) , ueneve ÒeeCeer(meiofauna) yen= oÒeeCeer (macrofauna) ³ee ieìelb e cee[s leele. l³eeHekw eÀerkeÀesCel³ee mecegneleerue ÒeeCeer DeefOekeÀ ÒeceeCeele meeHe[Ceej ns l³eeeþf keÀeCe®³ee JeeUkt eÀCee®b ³ee DeekeÀejeJej þjle.b ieeUkeÀCee®b es (silt and

clay) DeefOeke̳e Demelee keÀCeebceOeerue HeeskeÀȳee KetHe ueneve DemeleeleJe me#t ce DeLeJee ueneve ÒeeCeemr eceng leJs e{s DeMee eþf keÀeCeer Dee{Uleele.pesLes veoer®es cegKe mecegêele GIe[les DeLeJee pesLes efkeÀveeN³eeuee ueeìeb®³eeDeeoUCeeHeemevt e mejb #eCe ecf eUeueus es Demeles elf eLes ieeU-keÀCee®b es ÒeceeCeDeeOf ekeÀ Demeles Je peJw eeJf eeJf eOelee leug evevs es keÀceer Demele.s ceO³ece ÒeeC³ee®b ³eeDeekeÀejeJej (meiofauna) Yejleer-Deesnesìer®ee DeefOekeÀ HeefjCeecenesleevee efomelees p³eecegUs JeeUgceO³es l³eeb®es GYes mLeueeblej (vertcal

migration) Yejleer-Deesnesìer®³ee ®e¬eÀevegmeej nesleevee efomeles. ueeìebveerJeenvt e DeeCeueus es meêW e³r e/keÀeyev& eer keÀCener ieeU keÀCee®b ³ee®e DeekeÀeje®esDemeleele Je les meeceev³eleë JeeUtletve efPejHetve DeefOekeÀ KeesueerJejefmLejeJeleele. ³ee KeesueerHe³e¥le nJes®es DeefYemejCe keÀceer nesles DeeefCeefJeIeìveemeeþer ÒeeCeJee³et ceesþîee ÒeceeCeeJej JeeHejuee peeTve FLesÒeeCeJee³et efJejnerle #es$e le³eej nesles. efJevee@keÌmeer efJeIeìveele efJe<eejer Jee³etle³eej nesTve pewJeefJeefJeOelee lemes®e pewJe-Ievelee Ieìles.

peJeUHeeme meJe&®e ÒecegKe lemes®e ieewCe (major and minor)

peeefleJe=Êeeb®es (phylums) ÒeefleefveOeer JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeeRJej Dee{UtMekeÀleele. ³eeceO³es DeeefopeerJe (protozoa) , Jeue³eebefle®e ke=Àceer(annelides) , ieesue ke=Àceer (nematodes) mebefOeHeeo (arthropods) ,ce=otkeÀe³e (molluscs) , kebÀìkeÀer®eceea (echimoderms), Meer<e&-jppegceeve (cephalochordates) He=ÿJebMeer³e (vertebrates) Jeie& ³eeb®esÒeefleefveOeer Demeleele.

HeUg CeeJr ej p³ee eþf keÀeCeer keÀs JeU HeÀg ìCeeN³ee ueeìe®b es le<g eej®e leJs e{sHeens ®eleele DeMee yee¿eJeus ee®b eueer #e$s eele eJf eeYf evve Jeeuekg eÀeyeOb ekeÀ (sand

binding) JevemHeleer Jee{leevee efomeleele. keÀeskeÀCe-ieesJee-keÀvee&ìkeÀ-kesÀjU efkeÀveejHeÆerJej Dee³eHeesefce³ee yee³eueesyee®es Jesue jsleer®³eeìks eÀe[eJb ej Jee{leevee Dee{Uleele. ³eeKejs epr e eJf eeJf eOe ÒekeÀej®es ieJele,meg[e, mesmeteqJn³ece ³eemeejK³ee JevemHeleer osKeerue ³ee #es$eele Jee{leele.JeeleYebpekeÀ (wind breackers) JevemHeleer jslee[ HegUCeeR®³ee yeensj®³eekeÀ[ebJej ueeJeu³ee Demelee JeeUt peefceveerkeÀ[s HewÀueeJele veener Je HegUCe#es$ee®es #ejCener jesKeues peeles. megª eEkeÀJee ke@ÀMegefjvee®eer Pee[s ³eemeeþerYeejleele DeveskeÀ jslee[ HegUCeeRJej ueeJeC³eele Deeueer Deensle. ³eeJevemHelee®R ³ee DeeOeejs Deveks eÀ Yept eeJr emeceng e®es Òeelf eevf eOeer jls ee[ HeUg CeeJbr ejJeeme keÀjleele. l³eele efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej®eer HegÀueHeeKejs, HeWiegU, ìeskesÀ(weevils) le g[le g[s (beach hoppers), ®ele gj, DeeHeejHeeo(millipeds), GYe³eHeeo (amphipods) , HeeCe He#eer (acqatic birds),Pee[er He#eer (scrub birds), mej[s, meeHe, ueneve memleve ÒeeCeer

Fl³eeoeR®ee meceeJesMe Demelees.Jesueeb®eueer #es$eele efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej®es JeeuegkeÀe KeskeÀ[s (sand crabs)

keÀener peJeuee®b es ÒekeÀej (shrimps), yen= oJelb= e Jeue³eeeb kf eÀle keÀ= ceer (poly-

chaete annelids), leg[leg[s (beach hoppers), efJeefJeOe eEMeHeer JeMebKeeb®es ÒekeÀej, leeje ceemes, jsleer-ceesnesje (sand dollars), mecegêkeÀekeÀ[îee (sea cucumbers) ns cegyeuekeÀ ÒeceeCeele Dee{Uleele.efvecve Jesueeb®eueer Je DeHeleìer³e #es$eele mecegê HegÀues (sea anemones),ieeefue®ee HegÀues (carpet anemones), Dee@keÌìesHeme, efkeÀjerì-ceemes(crinoids) , mecegê uesKeC³ee (sea pens) DeMee DeveskeÀ ÒepeeleerDee{Uleele.

JeeuegkeÀece³e HegUCeer ÒeJeeMeebvee Del³eble efÒe³e Demeleele. iesu³eeuesKeebkeÀele DeMee HegUCeeR®es megj#es®³ee ¢äerkeÀesveeletve kesÀues peeCeejsJeieeakeÀjCe DeeHeCe Heeefnues. ÒeJeeMeeb®³ee efve<keÀeUpeerHeCeecegUs DeMeeHegUCeeR®es Òeot<eCe DeefOekeÀ ÒeceeCeele nesle³e. pejer DeMee He³e&ìveeletve#es$eer³e Je jeä^er³e DeLe&J³eJemLesuee yeUkeÀìer efceUle Demeueer lejer,peeCeerJeHetJe&keÀ mebJeOe&ve-mebj#eCe GHee³e ³eespeCes Del³eeJeM³ekeÀ Deens.

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Demes ceuee Jeeìle.s ..! lecg neuee?efJeMes<e uesKe

[e@. veeiesMe ìskeÀeUs

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keÀeJeUe ne He#eer ceuee ceeP³ee Dee³e<g ³ee®³ee ®eej ìHH³eele eJf eeJf eOeªHeele Yesìle iesuee. ueneveHeCeer ®esäs®ee efJe<e³e, Meeues³e peerJeveelengMeejer®es GoenjCe cnCetve, ceneefJeÐeeue³eerve keÀeUele Lees[emeeDeY³eeme DeeefCe SkeÀebefkeÀkesÀ®³ee ceeO³eceeletve DeeefCe veblej®³ee ìHH³eelemeMb eeOs eveeevf eecf eÊe. ceePee SkeÀ ceecee JeCeev& es KeHt e®e keÀeUe nels ee; ®ekekÌ eÀkeÀeJeȳeemeejKee®e. l³ee®es veeJe G®®eejC³eemeeþer KetHe®e DeJeIe[Demeu³eecegUs Deecner l³eeuee keÀeUtceecee cnCele Demet. KetHe ÒesceUDemeuesuee ceecee l³eecegUs Deece®³eeJej SkeÀoemeg×e jeieeJeuee veener.Deepeesyeebveer SkeÀoe Deecneuee ieesäerªHeele ceeCemeeb®³ee jbieªHeeHes#eemJeYeeJe DeeefCe iegCeeme peemle cenÊJe Ðee ns meebefieleu³eeveblej Deecneueelees ceecee peemle DeeJe[t ueeieuee. l³ee®³eeceOeerue jbiee®es J³ebie DeecnerefJemeªve iesuees.

Meeues³e peerJeveele jebpeCeeceO³es íesìs íesìs oie[ ìeketÀve HeeCeer JejDeeCeCeeje keÀeJeUe ceer Depetvener efJemejuesuees veener. cesuesues peveeJejDee{s vt e ceeUjeveeJej vels eevee meeys ele ®eeueueus eer keÀeJeȳee®b eer keÀeJekeÀeJeJe l³eeletve efieOee[ebvee efceUCeejs mebosMe ceer peJeUtve DevegYeJeues.ceneefJeÐeeue³eerve keÀeUele ceer ³ee He#³ee®ee Jner.ìer. mìsMeve les þeCes ³eeueeks eÀue ÒeJeemeele ueieps e®³ee [y³eemeeys ele keÀeUs er m$ee³r ee®b ³ee ceeM³ee®b ³eeìesHeu³eebmen þeC³eeHe³e¥le Je lesLetve yeepeejeHe³e¥le DevegYeJeuee Deens.®eej KesUe[tb®eer oesve npeej ceerìj HeUC³ee®eer Me³e&le DeMeer®e lejDemeles. ceneefJeÐeeue³eerve ÒeeO³eeHekeÀ Demeleevee Deecner `ie®®eerJejerueDeìB vs ee®³ee ìeks eÀeJej yemeueus ³ee keÀeJeȳee®b ³ee MeHs eìecr eOeeur e SkeÀ Heemr e'ner SkeÀebefkeÀkeÀe mHeOexmeeþer meeoj kesÀueer nesleer. DeeblejceneefJeÐeeue³eervemHeOexle efleuee ogmejs Heeefjleesef<ekeÀ efceUeues nesles. SkeÀebefkeÀkesÀ®³ee HeÀkeÌleveeJeele®e Yesìuesuee ne keÀeJeUe veblej cee$e ceeP³ee mebMeesOevee®ee SkeÀefJe<e³e®e þjuee. keÀyeglejeHes#ee DeekeÀejeves Lees[e ceesþe Demeuesuee neHe#eer ceevesYeesJeleer®ee keÀj[e jbie mees[uee lej mebHetCe& keÀeUe Demelees,

cee$e DeefleMe³e ngMeej. Devve efYepeJetve KeeCes, pebieueer yeoecee®eer HeÀUsjml³eeJej ìekeÀt ve iee[e®r ³ee ®eekeÀeKeeueer HeÀg ìu³eevelb ej Deeleeur e Heeew <f ìkeÀyeoece DeLeJee l³ee®ee ®egje ns DeeHeCeeme vesnceer®e HeneJe³eeme efceUles.ye[s´ ®es lekg eÀ[s meceêg ekf eÀveejer HeeC³eele ìekeÀt ve ceemes ceìkeÀeJeCeejs keÀekeÀ'ngMeej veenerle Demes keÀmes cnCeCeej?

keÀeJeȳee®ee ceWot Meefjje®³ee leguevesle ceesþe Demelees, cnCetve nerng<eejer. keÀeJeUe ne ceeCemee®³ee JemeenleerpeJeU HeCe Iejele ve ³esCeejeHe#eer. DeefleMe³e ®eueeKe, meeJeOe, ®eHeU. KeeC³eemeeþer ®eesKeboUvemeuesuee ce=leYe#eer Deens. efMeUb me[uesueb Devve, ce=l³etHebLeeme ueeieuesuesÒeeCeer-He#eer, DeMekeÌle, MekeÌleernerve peerJe ns meJe& keÀeJeȳeebvee DeefleMe³eeÒf e³e. [eeJf ev& e®³ee emf e×elb eeJej Heeìs YejCeeje ne He#eer evf emeieel& eeur e meHeÀeF&keÀeceieej Je me¢{ He³ee&JejCee®ee j#ekeÀ Deens. SkesÀkeÀeUer ne He#eerûeeceerCe Yeeieele MeslekeÀN³eeb®ee efce$e neslee. veebiejìerceeies efHeÀªvepeefceleerueer GHeêJeer keÀìkeÀ KeeTve lees Mesleer®es j#eCe keÀjle Demes.efkeÀìkeÀveeMekeÀeb®³ee DeefleJeeHejecegUs ³ee He#³ee®eer GHeemeceej nesTueeieueer DeeefCe l³eeb®ee cegkeÌkeÀece MenjekeÀ[s JeUuee. cebefoj DeeefCeYekeÌle ceb[Uer ³eeb®eb pemeb ¢{ veeleb Demeleb lemeb®e MenjebceOetve Deesmeb[tveJeenCeeN³ee keÀ®ejekegbÀ[îee Je l³ee meYeesJeleer®³ee DemebK³e keÀeJeȳeeb®esDemeles. DeeHeues Menj efkeÀleer IeeCe Demet MekeÀles ns Menjele Jee{CeeN³eekeÀeJeȳeeb®³ee mebK³esJeªve keÀUles. ceneHeeefuekesÀ®³ee keÀce&®eeN³eebveerkeÀ®ejekegbÀ[er efjkeÀeceer keÀjC³eeDeeOeer l³eeb®es yejs®emes keÀece DeeHeu³eeMenjeleerue ceeskeÀeì peveeJejs, MJeeveJeie& Je l³eeb®³ee HeeþerJej yemetvekeÀeJeUs keÀjle Demeleele. keÀener Je<ee¥HetJeea keÀ®eje Jeentve vesCeeN³eeiee[îeeyb ejeys ej Hee®e-Hevveeme keÀeJeUs Deveks eÀ GHeveieje®b ee ÒeJeeme keÀªve[efcHeie ûeeTb[ He³e¥le peele. ueeskeÀue ÒeJeemeeleerue ieoea peMeer Deesmeb[tueeieueer leMeer®e keÀ®ejeiee[er yejesyej ÒeJeeme keÀjCeeN³ee `keÀekeÀ'®eerieoea Jee{t ueeieueer. ³eeJej GHee³e cnCetve yebo iee[îee Deeu³ee DeeefCe³ee He#³ee®ee efJeveeeflekeÀerì ÒeJeeme Leebyeuee.

Yeejleeleerue 19 ìkeÌkesÀ ueeskeÀmebK³ee DeOe&Heesìer DemeleeveeMenjeceOeerue keÀeJeUs keÀ®ejekeg bÀ[erleerue yebo HueemìerkeÀ®³eeHeeefkeÀìebceOeerue ®eJeoej MeekeÀenejer Je ceebmeenejer HeoeLee¥Jej mekeÀeUermene les Deeþ SkeÀeHeeþesHeeþ SkeÀ YeespeveeJeUer Gþle Demeleele. ceeP³eeie=nmebkegÀuee®³ee Heefjmejele Heneìs Hee®eHeemetve®e keÀeJeȳeeb®es `Devve nsHetCe&yeïe! menpe nJeve nesles peeefCepes ³e%ekeÀce&' cnCetve meecegefnkeÀ keÀekeÀiee³eve megª nesles. MenjeceOeerue mìej ne@ìsume ceOeues je$eer®es GjuesuesDevve mejU [efcHeie ûeeTb[Jej peeles DeeefCe lesLes npeejes keÀeJeȳeebveevekeÀUle Devveoeve keÀs ues peele.s ceeveJeevf eecf el& e ne Deenej keÀeJeUs DeeeCf e

15

l³eeb®eer yeeUs ³eebvee kegÀHeesef<ele keÀjle Deens. cesuesues Gboerj, Flej ce=leÒeeCeer ³eeb®³eekeÀ[s keÀeJeUs Deelee {gbketÀvemeg×e Heenle veenerle. keÀejCel³eebvee YejHetj HeÀjmeeCe, ef®eJe[e, HeeHe[er, efyemkeÀerìs, leJ³eeJejerueleepeer HeesUer KeeT IeeueCeejs ueeskeÀ Deepe DeeHeu³ee Menjele`MeekeÀenejer keÀeJekeÀeJe' peemle Jee{Jele Deensle

Devvee®³ee MeesOeele keÀeJeUe SkeÀìe efHeÀjlees. cee$e mee³ebkeÀeUer neHe#eer mecegneceO³es SKeeÐee ceesþîee Pee[eJej efveêeOeerve neslees.keÀeJeȳeeb®eer ner mecegn PeesHe npeejes les ueeKeeW®³ee mebK³esle Demeles.keÀeJeȳeeb®eer Pee[s þjuesueer Demeleele; DeveskeÀÒemebieer HeÀeboermeg×e.Òel³eskeÀ kegÀìgbyee®eer SkeÀ HeÀeboer Demes cnìues lejer JeeJeies þª ve³es.efveês®³ee DeeOeerve nesC³eeDeeOeer peeiesmeeþer, Pee[emeeþer ³eeb®³eeceO³esyejs®eoe ceejeceejer nesles. keÀuekeÀueeì megª Demelees. keÀeJeȳeeb®eerMeeUe ns veeJe ³ee®eJeªve He[ues Deen.s l³ee®b ³ee Pee[eJb ej Flej He#³eevb eeÒeJesMe Demelees. cee$e ceekeÀ[emeejKee ÒeeCeer Deeuee keÀer, l³eeb®eekeÀuekeÀueeì peemle Jee{lees. ceekeÀ[eb®es DeekeÀmceele Menjele IegmeCes³eemeeþer ne He#eer vesnceer®e oMe&keÀe®es keÀece keÀjlees. ÒeCe³ejeOevesceO³eskeÀeJeUe ne keÀyeglejemeejKee efveueepeje He#eer veener. ne He#eer Je³e Je<exleerve les Hee®e ojc³eeve efceueveemeeþer ³eesi³e þjlees. vej-ceeoer mecepeCeslemes keÀþerCe Deens. efceueve GlmegkeÀ Demeuesuee keÀeJeUe SKeeÐeePee[eYeesJeleer DeekeÀ<e&keÀHeCes ieesue ®ekeÀje ceejlees. vej-ceeoer SkeÀ$eDeeu³eeJej Pee[eJej Deboepes 10 les 15 HegÀì Gb®eeJej Iejìs yeebOeleele.90 ìkeÌkesÀ Iej vej yeebOelees Je MesJeì®ee Yeeie ceeoer mepeJeles. efceuevePeeu³eeJej vej-ceeoer Dee³eg<³ee®³ee DebleeHe³e¥le SkeÀ$e®e jenleele.

Deb[îee®eer mebK³ee leerve les Hee®e Demeles. l³eeceO³es keÀesefkeÀUemeg×emJeleë®es Deb[s yesceeuegceHeCes efcemeUles. 40 les 60 efoJemeele Deb[erGyeJetve efHeuues Iejìîeeyeensj He[leele. Deb[er GyeJeC³ee®es keÀece ceeoerHe#eer keÀjles. Iejìs yeebOeC³eeHeemetve les efHeuueeb®es j#eCe keÀjC³eeHe³e¥lekeÀeJeUe Je l³ee®es HetJeea®es kegÀìgbye cnCepes cegues-cegueer, keÀekeÀe, ceecee,oeoe meJe &peCe mee f¬eÀ³e Demeleele. e fHeuee bvee G[C³eemeeþerefMekeÀJeC³eeceO³es DeeF&-Jeef[ueebyejesyej®e l³eeb®³ee peJeU®³eeveelesJeeF&keÀeb®eener menYeeie Demelees. IejìîeeceOetve efHeuet Pee[eKeeueerDeeu³eeJej Flej YeeTyeob l³ee®eer keÀeUpeer Iels eele. DeMeeJeUs er uenevecegues DeLeJee ceesþer ceeCemes, ÒeeCeer l³ee Pee[epeJeU DeLeJee DeemeHeemeiesueer lej keÀeJeUs DebieeJej ³esleele. Òemebieer [eske̳eeJej yemetve ®ees®eceejleele. ³ee®ee DeLe& keÀeJeȳee®es eHf euet peJeUHeeme Deens Demee I³eeJee.³eele DeMegYe Demes keÀener veener.

keÀeJeUe eMf eJeuee keÀer DeeIb eeUs keÀjeJeer ner DeOb eÞe×e Deen.s SKeeoekeÀeJeUe De[®eCeerle Deeuee, De[keÀuee, peKeceer Peeuee lej FlejkeÀeJeUs keÀeJekeÀeJe keÀªve l³eeuee ceole keÀjleele. DeeHeCe cee$eDeHeIeeleele meeHe[uesu³ee J³ekeÌleerme ceole keÀjC³ee®es mees[tve l³ee®eele[HeÀ[tve ÒeeCe mees[C³ee®ee eqJn[erDees keÀe{tve Jne@ìdmeDeHeJejmeieȳeebvee MesDej keÀjlees.SefÒeue les petve ne keÀeJeȳeeb®ee efJeCeer®eekeÀeU Demelees. keÀeJeȳee®es Pee[eJejerue Iejìs keÀceer Gb®eerJej keÀer

ìeskeÀeuee ³ee®ee HeeTme Je og<keÀeUeMeer keÀenerner mebyebOe veener. vej-ceeoer SkeÀ$e Deeu³eeJej Iejìs yeebOeleele Je veblej efceueve nesles. cee$eyeeOb eueus es Iejìs cee[s ues DeLeJee He[ues keÀer les Jeis eUs nels eele. Hejle veJeevr emenkeÀeN³ee®ee MeeOs e meªg nels ee.s SkeÀe menkeÀeN³ee®es DeekeÀemq cekeÀ evf eOevePeeues lej ogmeje menkeÀejer yeje®e keÀeU SkeÀìe®e jenlees.ceeCemeebÒeceeCes®e keÀeJeȳeeb®³ee oesve JesieJesieȳee kegÀìgbyeele meleleneCeeceejer ®eeuet Demeles. ceeoer Deb[îeeJej yemeueer Demeleevee vejHe#eerefleuee Devve HegjJelees. DeeCeuesues Devve HeeC³eele efYepeJetve DeeCelees.l³eecegUs efle®eer HeeC³ee®eer lenevemeg×e Yeeieles. DeveskeÀJesUe efYepeJeuesuesDevve Ieje®³eepeJeU oesve-leerve efoJeme þsJetve l³eeJej yegjMeer DeLeJeeDeebyeJeC³ee®eer ef¬eÀ³ee Peeueer keÀer ne Heewef<ìkeÀ Deenej nesCeeN³ee DeeF&ueeveJejs yegJeekeÀ[tve efouee peelees. DeeF& pesJne G[tve peeles lesJne Je[erueDeb[er DeLeJee efHeueeb®eer jeKeCe keÀjleele. ³ee He#³ee®³ee YeesJeleer DeveskeÀDebOeÞe×eb®es YejYekeÌkeÀce eEjieCe Deens. eEHe[oeve, eEHe[eme keÀeJeUeefMeJeuee keÀer Deelcee cegkeÌle nesCes, efHele=HebOejJe[îeele DeelceeªHeelekeÀeJeȳeeb®es DeeHeu³ee IejepeJeU ³esCes, ie@uejerle yemetve keÀeJe keÀeJekesÀues keÀer, Iejer DeekeÀeqmcekeÀ HeengCes ³esCes ³ee meJe& DebOeÞe×e®e Deensle.

vejmeesyee®³ee Jee[eruee ceer oneJ³ee®³ee keÀe³e&¬eÀceemeeþer iesuees neslees.DeveskeÀ oMeef¬eÀ³ee efJeOeer ®eeueuesues. keÀeJeUs cee$e oesve-leerve®e. He³ee&³ecnCevtt e oYee®& ee keÀeJeUe le³eej Demee³e®ee®e. MeeOs e Iels euee leJs ne eof meueskeÀer lesLeerue Heb®eiebiee Je ke=À<Cee veoer®³ee Òeot<eCeecegUs DeveskeÀ ueneve-ceesþs ceemes keÀeþeJej, HeeC³eeJej ce=le efomele. DeeHeuee ne vewmeefie&keÀDeenej mees[tve keÀeJeUe eEHe[e®³ee MeesOeele keÀe ³eeJee? veoerMeg×erkeÀjCeeHes#ee eEHe[ cenÊJe Jee{Ces ³ee®es ns efJeoejkeÀ ¢M³e Òel³eskeÀefleLe&mLeeveer Dee{Ules. HetJeea ceePes Deepeesyee pesJeCeeDeeOeer leeìeYeesJeleerHeeCeer efHeÀjJetve ®eej Yeelee®eer efMeles leeìeueiele yeensj þsJele. veblej meJe&Devvee®eer ®eJe Demeuesuee SkeÀ Ieeme leeìele®e yeepetuee þsJetve HetCe& pesJeCekeÀjle. l³eeb®es pesJeCe nesF&He³e¥le Deeþ-one cegbi³ee HeesìYej HeeCeer efHeTveleer Yeelee®eer eMf eles IeTs ve peele. DeeHeu³ee HeJt ep& ee®b ³ee keÀ= Hevs es Deepe DeeHeCens megûeeme Yeespeve Iesle Deenesle. pesJeCeeHetJeea ke=Àle%elee cnCetve ne Ieemeyeepeug ee. Deepeeys ee®b es les Dee®eejeJf e®eej ceuee keÀs Je{ls ejer memb keÀej DeeeCf eefJe%eeve efMekeÀJetve iesuee.

p³ee leueeJe Heefjmejele keÀeJeUs efomeleele lees leueeJe DeefleMe³eDemJe®í DeLeJee ce=le Demelees ns ceuee þeCes Menjeleerue 19 leueeJeebveereMf ekeÀJeue.s p³ee ien= mekb eÀg ueele keÀyelg ejs peemle elf eLes keÀeJeUns er Demeleele.ie=nmebkegÀuee®³ee DemJe®íles®es keÀeJeUe ns oMe&keÀ Deens. DeeHeCeDeeHeueer meoevf ekeÀe mJe®í þJs elee.s ceie Heejf mej keÀe vekeÀe?s keÀeJeȳeevb eeceeveJeefveefce&le Deenej osC³eeHes#ee l³eeuee l³ee®ee vewmeefie&keÀ Deenejecf eUJevt e Ðee. Deems e[b vt e JeenCeeN³ee keÀ®ejekeÀbg [epr eJeU keÀeJeUe eof meCesns Menje®es DeeWieUJeeCes ªHe Deens. ³eele yeoue JneJee Demes ceueeJeeìles... legcneuee? ¬eÀceMeë

cee®e& 2016 ceO³es ÒekeÀeefMele Peeuesu³ee ³ee meojele JeìJeeIegUe®ee GuuesKeHe#eer Demee Peeuee neslee... lees memleve ÒeeCeer' Demee Jee®eeJee...

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SkeÀe íeìs îeeMee Pejeks e³Ì eelevt e.... (®eH@ ìj 13 - Yeeie 4)DeeefCe Jemeble mleyOe Peeuee...

mee³eueWì efmÒebie - uesefKekeÀe ë js®eue keÀeme&ve mJewj DevegJeeo ë meercee efHeleUs

yesvPeerve nskeÌmeekeÌueesjeF&[ (yeer S®e meer) efkebÀJee efueb[sve nerjmee³eves pesJne JevemHeleerJej JeeHejC³eele Deeueer lesJne l³ee JevemHeleeR®esmJeªHe je#emeer Je efJekeÀ=le Peeues DeeefCe cegUebpeJeU jesiee®³eeieeþermeejKeer (ìîetcej) metpe Deeueer. HesMeeR®ee DeekeÀej ceesþe PeeueeDeeefCe iegCemet$eebvee metpe ³esTve l³eeb®eer mebK³ee ogHHeì Peeueer. ns ogHHeìnesCes HesMeeR®³ee efJeYeepeveeyejesyej ®eeuet®e jeefnues. FlekesÀ keÀer ³eeHeg{sHesMeeR®es efJeYeepeve nesCes l³eeb®³ee j®evee³eb$eCesvegmeej DeMeke̳e Peeues.

JevemHeleerJej JeeHejuesu³ee 2-4-[er ³ee leCeveeMekeÀevesmegOoe ìîetcejmeejKeer Jee{ efomeueer. iegCemet$eeb®eerueeyb eer Keìbg uee,r leer pee[ Peeueer DeeeCf eSkeÀ$e ³esTve l³eeb®³ee ieg{ȳeePeeu³ee. HesMeer efJeYeepevee®es keÀe³e&Ye³eevekeÀHeCes cebo Peeues. cnCepesmeJe&meeOeejCeHeCes meieUs HeefjCeecepeJeUpeJeU #e e fkeÀjCee bce gUsnesCeeN³ee HeefjCeeceemeejKes®e DeensleDemes cnìues Heeefnpes.

ner keÀs JeU keÀener Lee[s er GoenjCes Peeuee.r Depevt ener keÀener oeKeeJf elee³esleerue. Depetvener keÀerìkeÀveeMekeÀeb®³ee HeefjCeeceeves nesCeeN³eepeeJr eMeem$ee³r e yeouee®b es (c³eìg Ms eve) Heejf #eCe keÀjC³eemeeþer keÀeCs el³eenerÒekeÀej®ee meJem& eceeJeMs ekeÀ DeY³eeme Peeueus ee veene.r Jej GO¢le keÀs ueus eerJemlegefmLeleer ns MejerjefJe%eeveMeem$e DeeefCe DevegJebMeMeem$e ³eeb®³eeHeMs eeJR ej®³ee meMb eeOs eveelevt e evf eIeeueus es evf e<keÀ<e& Deenls e. leele[e®r eer evf ekeÀ[keÀe³e nesleer, lej ³ee mecem³esJej meceesªve nuuee keÀjCes.

keÀener Meem$e%eeb®eer ns mJeerkeÀejC³ee®eer le³eejer Deens keÀerHe³eeJ& ejCeeleeur e ekf eÀjCeels meieec& eUg s ceeveJeeJb ej HeÀej ceeþs e Heejf Ceece neTsMekeÀlees. leLeeefHe l³eebvee ÒeMve He[uee Deens lees Demee keÀer peerJeMeem$eer³eHeÀs jHeÀej keÀª MekeÀCeeN³ee jmee³eveecb eUg s (c³eìg epees vf ekeÀ) lemee®e Heejf Ceecenels ees ns eJf eOeeve J³eJene³e& Deens keÀe! GoenjCeeoeKeue ekf eÀjCeels meiee®& ³eececeY& eos er MekelÌ eer l³eevb eer oeKeeJf eu³ee. Hejlb eg l³eevb ee Mekb eÀe nels eer keÀer jmee³evesyeerpeHesMeeRHe³e¥le Heesnes®et MekeÀleerue. Hegvne SkeÀoe leer®e De[®eCeer®eerHeefjefmLeleer meceesj Deeueer Deens. ceeveJee®³ee mecem³esmeboYee&le Òel³e#emebMeesOeve DeefleMe³e keÀceer ÒeceeCeele Peeues Deens. lejerner He#eer Je memleve

ÒeeC³eeb®³ee peveveûebLeeRceO³es ceesþîee ÒeceeCeele meeHe[uesues [er[erìer®esDeJeMe<s e ns YekekÌ eÀceHeCes emf eOo keÀjleele keÀer keuÌ eejs evr eìs [s ne³e[eks eÀeyev& medkesÀJeU MejerjYej efJemle=leHeCes Hemejerle veenerle lej les peveveûebLeer efkebÀJeepevegkeÀer³e DeJe³eJeeb®³ee mebHekeÀe&le megOoe ³esleele. HesvemesuJnsefve³ee³egefveJnefme&ìer®es ÒeesHesÀmej [sJner[ F& [sJnerme ³eebveer nuueer®e mebMeesOevekeÀs ues Deens keÀer HeMs eeer Jf eYeepeve Leeyb eeJf eC³eemeeþer pes Meekq elÌ eMeeueer jmee³eveJeeHejues peeles, l³eeb®ee ke@Àvmej®³ee GHe®eejemeeþer ce³ee&efole®e GHe³eesie

Deen.s HeCe l³eeceUg s He#eecb eO³es JeePb eHeCee³eTs MekeÀlee.s ÒeeCeIeelekeÀ ÒeceeCeeleeur ejmee³eveebcegUs peveveûebLeerleerue HesMeeR®esefJeYeepeve Leebyet MekeÀles. ÒeesHesÀmej[sJnerme ³eebvee ³ee #es$eele Òel³e#ekesÀuesu³ee ®ee®eC³eele Lees[s ³eMeefceUeues. meenefpekeÀHeCes Òel³eskeÀpeerJee®³ee peveveûebLeer He³ee&JejCeeleeruejmee³eveebHeemetve megjef#ele Deensle, ³eeDeeMesuee efkebÀJee efJeéeemeeuee HeÀej®eLees[er peeiee Deens.

iegCemet$eebmeboYee&leerue efJeke=Àleer®es / Devewmeefie&keÀles®es veJ³eeves PeeuesuesJewÐekeÀer³e mebMeesOeve DeefleMe³e ue#eCeer³e DeeefCe DeekeÀ<e&keÀ Demes Deens.1959ceO³es efkeÀl³eskeÀ efye´ìerMe Je ÖeWÀ®e mebMeesOevekeÀl³ee& ieìebveer l³eeb®³eeDeeHeeHeu³ee mJeleb$eHeCes kesÀuesu³ee DeY³eemeeletve les ¿ee®e efve<keÀ<ee&ÒeleDeeues keÀer – ceeveJepeelee®r es keÀener Deepeej ns ieCg eme$t ee®b ³ee meJem& eeOeejCemeKb ³ecs eOeeur e ieeOW eUeceUg ®s e nels e Deenls e. keÀener eJf eeMf eä Deepeejecb eO³espesJne iegCemet$eeb®³ee Devewmeefie&keÀles®ee DeY³eeme pesJne ³ee mebMeesOekeÀebveerkesÀuee lesJne Òel³eskeÀ JesUsme meeceev³e mebK³esHes#ee JesieUer®e mebK³eeefveoMe&veeme Deeueer. GoenjCeeLe& meeceev³ele: ns ceenerle Deens®e keÀermeieȳee efJeMes<e DevegJeebefMekeÀ DeJ³eJemLes®³ee ue#eCemecetnele(ceeBieesuee@F&[med) SkeÀ DeefOekeÀ Demes iegCemet$e Demeles. ÒeemebefiekeÀle: lesogmeN³ee SKeeÐee iegCemet$eeuee ef®ekeÀìles cnCepes iegCemet$eeb®eer vesnceer®eer46 ner mebK³ee efmLej jenles. HeCe efve³eceevegmeej ns DeefOekeÀ®es iegCemet$eJesieUs Demeles, l³eecegUs ceie leer mebK³ee 47 nesles. DeMee ÒekeÀej®³eeJ³ekeÌleerceOeerue oes<ee®es cetU keÀejCe keÀoeef®ele ns Demesue keÀer HetJeea®³eeefHe{erle keÀOeerlejer mJeªHe yeoueues iesues Demesue.

17

p³eebvee éesleHesMeeR®³ee keÀke&Àjesiee®ee (u³egkesÀefce³ee) oerIe&keÀeueerve $eemeDeens, DeMee DecesjerkeÀe Je ûesì efye´ìve ³ee oesvner efþkeÀeCe®³ee DeveskeÀªiCeebceO³es JesieJesieȳee keÀe³e&ÒeCeeueerves keÀece nesle Demeleevee efomeles.l³eeb®³ee keÀener jkeÌleHesMeeRceOeerue iegCemet$eebceO³es melele efJeke=Àleer efometve³els e.s DeMee Deepeejer ceeCemee®b ³ee keÀele[e®r ³ee HeMs eelr e meJem& eeOeejCeHeCesiegCemet$eeb®eer HetCe& mebK³ee Demeles. ³eeletve ns efveoxefMele nesles keÀer p³eeyeepr eHeMs eevR eer J³ekelÌ eeur ee meekeÀejues l³ee HeMs ee®R ³ee ieCg eme$t eele (¬eÀecs eems eecs me)dkeÀener oes<e veJnlee. Hejbleg Demes efveoMe&veeme ³esles keÀer, J³ekeÌleer®³eepeerJeveele keÀOeerlejer keÀener efJeefMeä HesMeeRvee OeeskeÀe Heesnes®euee Deens.(³ee GoenjCeele keÀoeef®ele jkeÌleHesMeerleerue keÀener HetJe&ieeceer iegCeDemeleerue.) keÀener iegCemet$eeb®eer neveer Peeu³eecegUs keÀoeef®ele ³eeHesMeeRHeemetve l³eeb®³ee (cetU) meeceev³eHeCes keÀe³e& keÀjC³ee®ee DeeosMe®eefnjeJetve Iesleuee iesuee Deens.

pesJneHeemetve ³ee efJe<e³ee®es oej GIe[ues lesJneHeemetve Deepeleeiee³eleJewÐekeÀer³e mebMeesOevee®³ee meerceejs<ee Deesueeb[tve, iegCemet$eeceO³es ³esCeeN³eeJ³el³e³eeceUg s neCs eejs Deveks eÀeJf eOe Mejejr oe<s e Dee½e³ek& eÀejkeÀ Jeis eeves Jee{tueeieues Deensle. kesÀJeU SkeÀ®e ceenerle Demeuesuee keÌueerveHesÀuìj®eeue#eCemeceg®®e³e ne SkeÀ uewefiekeÀ iegCemet$e ognsjer keÀjlees. ³eeletve efvecee&CePeeuesueer J³ekeÌleer vej Deens. Hejbleg l³ee®³eele oesve #e iegCemet$es Deensle.l³eecegUs meeceev³eHeCes #e DeefOekeÀ ³e ¿ee vej iegCemet$eeSsJepeer l³ee®³eeleleerve #e le³eej Peeues, pes Lees[smes Devewmeefie&keÀ Deens. JeejsceeHe Gb®eerDeeefCe ceeveefmekeÀ Demeblegueve ³eemeesyele ³ee HeefjefmLeleercegUs JeebPeHeCee³esT MekeÀlees. ³eeefJeªOo SkeÀ J³ekeÌleer efpeuee kesÀJeU SkeÀe®e uewefiekeÀiegCemet$ee®ee ueeYe neslees (p³eecegUs leer #e DeefOekeÀ #e efkebÀJee #e DeefOekeÀ³e SsJepeer #e DeefOekeÀ Dees yeveles). leer Òel³e#eele ceeoer Demeles. HeCeefle®³eele DeveskeÀ og³³ece uewefiekeÀ ue#eCeeb®ee DeYeeJe Demelees. ³eeHeefjefmLeleeryejesyej DeveskeÀ MeeefjjerkeÀ (DeeefCe keÀOeerkeÀOeer ceeveefmekeÀner)J³ebies ³esT MekeÀleele. keÀejCe DeLee&le®e #e iegCemet$es efJeefJeOe ÒekeÀej®³eeue#eCeeb®eer pevegkesÀ Jeentve DeeCeleele. ³eeuee ìve&j®es ue#eCemeceg®®e³eDemes cnìues peeles. oesvner ÒekeÀej®³ee ue#eCe meceg®®ee³eeb®eer ceeefnleerDemeC³ee®³ee yeje®e keÀeU DeeOeer JewÐekeÀer³e meeefnl³eele ¿ee®es JeCe&veÒeefmeOo Peeues nesles.

iegCemet$eebceOeerue efJeke=Àleer ³ee efJe<e³eeJej DeveskeÀ osMeeleerue keÀecekeÀjCeeN³eebveer Òe®eb[ keÀe³e& kesÀues Deens. ³egefveJnefme&ìer Dee@HeÀeJq nmkeÀee@ vq meveceOeeur e SkeÀe ieìeves [e@ keuÌ eeTme ³ee®b ³ee ceeieo& Mev& eeKeeueerpevcepeele Demeuesu³ee efJeefJeOe J³ebieebJej DeY³eeme keWÀêerle kesÀuee. ³eeleyengleskeÀJesUe ceeveefmekeÀ ceefleceboHeCee®ee meceeJesMe kesÀuee peeF&. pesJneieCg eme$t ee®³ee SkeÀ®e Yeeie ong js er yevelee,s peCet keÀener yeepr eHeMs ee®R eer Ie[Cenesle Demelee SKeeos iegCemet$e Keb[erle nesles DeeefCe l³ee®es legkeÀ[sJ³eJeemf LeleHeCes Hevg ne Hemejues peele veenelr e - ¿ee®ee Heejf Ceece ceelf eceob lels e

nesT MekeÀlees. DeMeer ogIe&ìvee ieYee&®³ee meJe&meeOeejCe efJekeÀemeeleDe[LeUe DeeCet MekeÀles.

meO³ee®³ee keÀeUer Demeueus ³ee %eeveevemg eej, SKeeos DeeKKe®s e ieCg eme$t eDeefOekeÀ le³eej Peeues, lej les yeN³ee®eoe IeelekeÀ þjles DeeefCe l³eecegUsieYee&®es efpeefJele jenCesner DeMeke̳e nesles. ³ee meJe& HeefjefmLeleerle HeÀkeÌleleerve iees<ìer efìkeÀeJe Oeª MekeÀleerue. DeLee&le®e l³eeleerue SkeÀ Deens leer(cebieesueerPeced efkebÀJee [eTve efmeb[^esce cnCepes DevegJeebefMekeÀ DeJ³eJemLes®esue#eCe. lej ogmeN³ee yeepetuee SKeeoe iegCemet$ee®ee DeOe&Jeì legkeÀ[eDeefOekeÀ neslees, lesJne les iebYeerjHeCes vegkeÀmeevekeÀejkeÀ þª MekeÀles. HeCeles vens ceer IeelekeÀ®e þjles Demes veene.r eJq nmkeÀee@ vq meve ³eLs eeur e meMb eeOs ekeÀe®b ³eeceles ner Heejf emf Leleer keÀoee®f ele keÀener Keug eemee ve Peeueus ³ee ÒekeÀjCeemeeþerYekeÌkeÀceHeCes mHeäerkeÀjCe osT MekeÀles. GoenjCeeLe& pesJne SKeeos cetueDeveskeÀ J³ebieemen pevceeme ³esles lesner yengleskeÀ JesUe l³eeuee ceeveefmekeÀceefleceebÐemegOoe Demeles.

lesJne Deelee Meem$e%eebvee DeY³eemeemeeþer ns veJes #es$e GIe[ues Deens.ieCg eme$t eelb eeur e eJf ekeÀ= leeMr eer meyb eeb Of ele jeis eeMb eer DeeeCf e J³eib eemenelr e neCs eeN³eeJee{e®r ³ee keÀejCeeeb Jf e<e³eer lekeÀ& eJf elekeÀ& keÀjelr e jneC³eeHe#s ee l³eevb eer ³eeJejue#e keWÀêerle kesÀues Deens. ns ie=nerle OejCes cetKe&HeCee®es þjsue keÀer SKeeoerSkeÀ®e ÒeeefleefveefOekeÀ ieesä ner iegCemet$eele efJeke=Àleer DeeCet MekeÀles efkebÀJeeHesMeer efJeYeepevee®³ee Deefve³eefcele JeeieC³ee®es keÀejCe Demet MekeÀles. HeCeDeeHeCe ns JeeleeJejCe jmee³eveevb eer Yeªve ìekeÀlees Deenels e ¿ee ieeäs ekr eÀ[sogue&#e keÀjCes DeeHeu³eeuee HejJe[Ceej Deens keÀe? ³ee jmee³eveebceO³esiegCemet$eebJej Lesì nuuee keÀjC³ee®eer #ecelee Deens Je l³eecegUs DeMeeÒekeÀej®ee HeefjCeece De®etkeÀHeCes nesT MekeÀlees. cees[ ve ³esCeejs yeìeìsDeeeCf e [emb e vemeCeejs memg eppe Deib eCe ³eemeeþer ner ekf eÀb cele peje DeeOf ekeÀ®eveener keÀe?

Gl¬eÀeble nesle meeOeejCe 200 Deype Je<ee&Heemetve ®eeuele DeeuesueeDeeHeuee Deve gJee b e fMekeÀle s®ee Jeejmee Deee fCe e fveJe[ue su³eepeerJeveHeOoleerleerue cetU peerJeveOeejs®ee jbienerve ef®ekeÀì HeoeLe&(ÒeesìesHueePeced) pees Heg{erue JebMepeebkeÀ[s Heesnes®eefJeC³eemeeþer keÀenerkeÀeUeHejg lee®e DeeHeu³ee leey³eele Demelee,s ³ee meJeeu& ee Demeueus ee Oeeks eÀeDeeHeueer F®íe Demesue lej DeeHeCe keÀceer keÀª MekeÀlees.

Deepe ³ee®eer DeKeb[lee peleve keÀjC³eekeÀjerlee DeeHeCe HeÀej®e Lees[skeÀener keÀjerle Deenesle. Pejer GlHeeoveeleerue efJe<eejerHeCee®eer ®eeb®eCeerIesCes keÀe³eÐeeves peªjer®es Demeues lejer p³ee ®eeb®eC³ee DevegJeebefMekeÀlesJejnceKeeme nesCeeN³ee HeefjCeeceeb®es Òeel³eef#ekeÀ keÀªve oeKeJeleerue, DeMee®ee®b eC³ee jmee³evee®b ³ee GlHeeokeÀekb eÀjelr ee keÀs u³ee®e Heeenf pels e Demes veenerDeeefCe les l³ee keÀjerlener veenerle.

¬eÀceMeë

18

®esJeCeer ... Ensete SuperbumHeÀg ueJee

Debpevee osJemLeUs ë 93245 65060

keÀener Je<ee¥HetJeea cegbyeF&®³ee ìefce&veue Des 2' efJeceeveleUe®esvegkeÀles®e GodIeeìve Peeues nesles. ìefce&veue Heentve ceer YeejeJetve iesues, lesefleLeu³ee yeeiekeÀeceeves! FLeu³ee yeeieebceO³es Pee[eb®eer Glke=Àä ceeb[Ceerlej Deen®s e. HeCe SkeÀe eJf eeMf eä Pee[eve,s pes Pee[ ceer keÀs JeU me¿eeêe®r ³eekeÀHeeN³eebceO³es®e Heeefnueb nesleb, Deelee les®e Pee[ DeMee DeefueMeeveefþkeÀeCeer yeIetve ceePes [esUs efoHeues.

les Pee[ cnCepes ®eJs eCeer ekE eÀJee jevekeÀs U.b keÀs Ue®r ³ee Pee[emeejKe®s eHeCe Gb®e ve Jee{lee Heevebb osþepeJeU®e ef®ekeÀìtve jenCeejs. YeJ³e Heeveb,yeìg keÀe HeCe YekekÌ eÀce yeObg ee, HeCe SkeÀì.b keÀs Ue®r ³eeYeeJs eleer peMeer Deveks eÀjesHeb HegÀìleele lemes veener; lej ®esJeCeer cnCepes DeeHeuee SkeÀuee ®eueesjs! jeve kesÀUb cnCepes Ensete Superbum. [eWiejebJej, keÀHeejerleDee{Uleb. cliff banana kesÀUeruee stolons ³esTve peMeer YeesJeleerefHeuueeJeU nesles, leMeer ³ee®eer nesle veener. keÀejCe ne non-

stoloniterous. ¿ee®es Òepeveve HegÀìJ³eebveer ve neslee HeÀkeÌle efye³eebÜejs®enesles.

³ee®es peeJr eve®e¬eÀ leevr e les mee[ls eevr e Je<ee®¥ e.s HeÀg ueb Deeueer keÀer Dee³e<g ³emebHeles. Gb®eer 1 les 4 ceerìj. Jee{ Deieoer JewefMeäîeHetCe&. yegbOee cnCeeJeeDemee peefceveerpeJeU®ee Yeeie HegÀieerj 2.5 les 3 ceerìj®ee Iesj DemetMekeÀlees. Heeveb kesÀUermeejKeer HeCe ceesþer DeeefCe ceO³eYeeieer ueeue.Heeveeb®ee osþ Deieoer DeeKet[. kesÀUHetÀue peemle pee[ DeeefCe keÀe@cHe@keÌìDemeleb. HeefM®ece Ieeìele efpeLes HeeJemee®es ÒeceeCe peemle efleLes ³ee®eerJee{ YejHetj. cee$e keÀesj[îee IeeìeJej, DeejJeueer HeJe&lejebieebJej ³ee®eerJee{ Kegpeer®e jenles.

[eWiej-keÀHeejeRJej Jee{CeeN³ee DeMee Pee[ebvee Lithophytes

cnCeleele. JeìJeeIegUebÜejs HegÀueeb®es HejeieerYeJeve nesTve ceeoer HegÀueeb®esªHeelb ej keÀs Uelr e nels e.s keÀ= e$f ece JeeleeJejCeele Jee{ueus ³ee jevekeÀs Ue®r ³eeefye³ee ©petvener jesHeìer le³eej nesle veenerle. ³ee®es Òepeveve, mebJeOe&veDeeefCe DeefmlelJe Oeeske̳eele Deens. iesu³ee keÀener Je<ee¥le ³ee Pee[e®eeJeeHej yeeieeb®³ee megMeesefYekeÀjCeemeeþer keÀjC³ee®es ÒeceeCe Jee{ues Deens.³eemeeþer jesHeb Lesì jeveeletve®e GHeìtve DeeCeueer peeleele. meO³eeYeejleYejeletve yeeieeb®³ee megMeesefYekeÀjCeemeeþer ³ee Pee[e®³ee 50 npeejjesHeeb®eer ceeieCeer Demeu³ee®es mecepeles. ner jesHeb DeMeer®e vewmeefie&keÀDeJemLesletve GHeìtve DeeCeueer peeleele. keÀeCeer, kegÀefjef®e³eej, Fªuee,Heevf e³eej ³ee JeveJeemeer peceelee®R es ueeks eÀ ³ee keÀeceemeeþer ueeJeues peeleele.

³ee®³ee Heeveebveener ceeieCeer Demetve kesÀUHetÀue osKeerue J³eeJemeeef³ekeÀcenÊJee®es Deens. efye³eebvee lej 200 les 400 ©He³es ÒeefleefkeÀuees ojecf eUlee.s DeeHeu³ee jeps e®³ee keÀs ȳeecb eO³es yeer vemele.s HeCe jevekeÀs ȳeecb eO³esíeve ìHeesjer yeer Demeles. efye³eebmeeþer DeHekeÌJe kesÀUer ieesUe kesÀu³eecegUsveJeevr e jeHs eb le³eej nels e veenelr e. Deens leer jeHs eb keÀs ȳee®b ee Ie[ ueeieu³eeJejceªve peeleele. cnCevt e®e ³ee®b eer meKb ³ee keÀceer keÀceer nels e ®eeueueer Deen.s

ceekeÀ[, nÊeer ns osKeerue kesÀUer efHekeÀe³e®eer Jeeì ve Heenlee leerKeeuu³eeves ³eeb®³ee DeefmlelJee®ee ÒeMve DeeCeKeerve®e iebYeerj nesle Deens.keÀsjUceO³es ³ee Pee[e®³ee DeefYeJe=×ermeeþer DeveskeÀ Òe³elve megª Deensle.efvemeie& mebJeOe&veele ¿ee jevekesÀUer®ee ceesþe neleYeej ueeiet MekeÀlees.DeeHeu³eekeÀ[s DeveskeÀ He[erkeÀ KeeCeer Deensle. efleLeu³ee HeefjefmLeleerlens Pee[ ®eebieues Jee{t MekeÀles. l³eeletve efvemeiee&®es DeeefCe jevekesÀUer®esnermebJeOe&ve nesTve ognsjer HeÀe³eoe nesF&ue.

jevekesÀUer®es efvemeiee&leerue mLeeve Rare, Relict, endangred,

threatend and conservation concern species Demes Deens.Good Agricultural and collection practices (GACP) ®³ee Debleie&le¿ee®ee meceeJesMe JneJee, Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas

(MPCA) ceO³es ®esJeCeer®es veeJe Ieeleues peeJes, efvemeiee&le Oeeske̳eeleDemeuesu³ee IeìkeÀeb®es Red Data Book ceO³es veeJe Ieeleues peeJes DeeefCel³ee®³ee meJb eOev& eemeeþer Òe³elve keÀs ues peeJels e, DeMee me®t evee ³ee ÒepeeleeJr ejkeÀece keÀjCeeN³ee JevemHeleerlep%eebveer meg®eJeu³ee Deensle.

jevekesÀUeR®³ee DeefmlelJeeJej Deeuesu³ee Oeeske̳ee®es cegK³e keÀejCecnCepes ³ee®es Deew<eOeer cenÊJe. ³ee®eer HeÀUb cnCepes kesÀUer pejer KeeÐevemeues lejer keÀs UHeÀg ue Keelee ³els e.b Pee[e®³ee yeObg ³ee®b ee ieeYee o<g keÀeUeleDevve cnCetve JeeHejlee ³eslees. meJee&le cenÊJee®³ee cnCepes ³ee®³ee efye³ee.lemes Pee[e®es meJe&®e Yeeie DeveskeÀ J³eeOeeRJej iegCekeÀejer þjles.

School of Ecological Informatics, Trivendrum ves osMeeleu³eeDeveskeÀ JeveJeemeer pevepeeleeRkeÀ[tve ceeefnleer ieesUe kesÀueer. íHHeveJesieJesieȳee pevepeeleeRveer ³eele menYeeie Iesleuee. l³eeb®³eekeÀ[sDemeuesu³ee HeejbHeefjkeÀ %eevee®eer Yej Meem$e%eeb®³ee DeY³eemeele He[ueer.veT jep³eeble 38 efþkeÀeCeebmetve ³ee®es 22 mLeeefvekeÀ veeJe DeeefCe 19J³eeOeeRJej®es GHee³e mecepeues. DeHeWef[mee³eìerme, ke@Àvmej, ceOegcesn,MJeeveobMe, efkeÀ[veer mìesve, HeesìogKeer, MJesle Heoj DeMee MeeefjjerkeÀDeeefCe ceeveefmekeÀ jesieebJej®esner GHee³e mecepeues.

23

ekf eÀìkeÀe®b ³ee eJf eMJeelecekeÀjbo kegÀuekeÀCeea ë 88981 01901³egJejepe iegpe&j ë 98921 38338

www.yuwarajgurjar.com

keÀe@ceve HeÀeF&JnjeRieMeem$eer³e veeJe - ³eerHLeercee yeeu[gme

kegÀue - efvecHe@Àueerpeer GHekegÀue - meìe³ejerveerkeÀe@ceve HeÀeF&JnjeRie ³ee HegÀueHeeKeje®³ee Heeb{jì leHeefkeÀjer jbieeJej ie[o leHeefkeÀjer

jbiee®³ee Demeceeve GY³ee js<ee Je [esUs me¢Me efþHeke̳eeb®eer ceeU Demeles. HebKeeb®eeefJemleej 55 les 70 ceerceer. vej-ceeoerle HeÀejmee HeÀjkeÀ vemelees. HebKee®eer Keeue®eeryeepet efHeÀkeÀì Heeb{jì leHeefkeÀjer jbiee®eer. l³eeJej GY³ee Deefve³eefcele ie[o leHeefkeÀjerjbiee®³ee js<ee. ceeieerue HebKee®³ee yeensjerue keÀ[sJej, meesvesjer efHeJeȳee jbiee®³ee ieesueelekeÀeUs keWÀê DeMee efþHeke̳eeb®³ee leerve pees[îee Demeleele.lemee®e HeCe ognsjer keWÀê DemeuesueeSkeÀ ceesþe efþHekeÀe Heg{erue HebKee®³ee ìeskeÀeJej Demelees. HebKeeb®eer Jej®eer yeepet efHeÀkeÀìefHeJeUmej-Heeb{jì leHeefkeÀjer Demeles. Keeue®³ee yeepetÒeceeCes l³eeJej lemes®e efþHekesÀDemeleele. HeCe Heg{®³ee HebKeeJej®ee ceesþe efþHekeÀe Je ceeie®³ee HebKeeJej®ee ceOeueeefþHekeÀe mHeä Demelees. keÀesj[îee nbieeceeleerue ªHeele Heg{®³ee HebKeeJej®ee efþHekeÀemees[uee lej Flej efþHekesÀ eEyeotcee$e efomeleele eEkeÀJee Deieoer HegmeìHeCes DeefmlelJeoeKeJeleele.

keÀe@ceve HeÀeF&JnjeRie ns pebieueefveJeemeer HegÀueHeeKeª Demetve les keÀesj[îee Je Deeê&HeeveieUer®³ee pebieueele efomeles. cee$e ³eeuee oeì Pee[er DeeJe[le veener. pebieueeleeruejmles, ceeskeÀȳee peeieebceO³es ns efYejefYejle Demeles. ns HegÀueHeeKeª efnceeue³eele 1820ceerìj Gb®eerHe³e¥le G[leevee efomeles. ceOegÒeeMevee®eer DeeJe[ DemeCeejs ns HegÀueHeeKeªHegÀueebJej ³esles®e. HeCe Deesuemej peefceveerJej ef®eKeueHeeve keÀjleevee ns efomeles. G[leeveeSkeÀe peeieer yemetve HebKe DeOe&Jeì GIe[tve met³e&mveeve keÀje³e®eer ³ee®eer meJe³e Deens.Je<eel& eeur e HeÀs yeJg eejer les Deek@ eìÌ eys ej ³ee ceenf v³eele ³ee®es oMev& e nels e.s Yeejleele ns HeÀg ueHeeKeªefncee®eue ÒeosMe les DeªCee®eue ÒeosMe, F&Meev³e Yeejle, oef#eCe Yeejle les iegpejele,ceO³eÒeoMs e ³eLs es Dee{Ule.s peieele veHs eeU, Yelt eeve, yeeib eueeoMs e, c³eeveceej ³eLs es Dee{Ule.sns HegÀueHeeKeª DeveskeÀ peeleeR®³ee ieJeleebJej Deb[er Ieeueles.

jey@ ejHeuÌ ee³e`epf eJees epf eJem³e epf eJevece'd ³ee evf emeiee& vf e³eceeuee Devemg eªve ekf eÀìkeÀeJb ej evf e³e$b eCe

jeKeC³ee®es keÀece mej[s, heeueer Demes mejerme=he, yes[keÀemeejKes GYe³e®ej Je efJeefJeOehe´keÀej®es he#eer keÀjle Demeleele®e. heCe keÀeìîeeves keÀeìe keÀe{eJee cnCetve yengoeefvemeiee&ves je@yejHeÌuee³e'meejKes mJepeeleer³e Ye#ekeÀ efvecee&Ce kesÀues Deensle. Pee[e®³eeHeÀeboerJej ner ceeMeer oyee Oeªve yemeles DeeefCe DeJeleerYeJeleer G[Ceejs helebie, ìesUeEkeÀJee HegÀueheeKeª DeMee meeJepeeJej De®eevekeÀ nuuee ®e{Jeles. Deeheu³ee kesÀmeeUhee³eebveer IeÆ hekeÀ[ IesTve leer Ye#³ee®³ee Mejerjele Deeheueer meeW[ Keghemeles. ³eemeeW[sletve heePejCeeN³ee efle®³ee peneue ueeUscegUs Ye#³eeuee yeOeerjlee ³esTve l³ee®³eeMejerjeleerue hesMeeR®es efJeIeìve megª nesles. ceie keÀener #eCeele®e Ye#³ee®³ee MejerjeleeruepeerJevejme Mees<etve leer l³ee®es ef®ehee[ ìeketÀve osles.

`ef[hìsje' Jeiee&le cees[CeeN³ee je@yejHeÌuee³e®³ee peieYejele efceUtve 6727peeleer Deeleehe³e¥le veeWoefJeC³eele Deeu³ee Deensle. ³ee ceeMeeruee Flej efkeÀìkeÀebhe´ceeCeshebKee®³ee oesve pees[îee vemetve SkeÀ®e pees[er Demeles. ogmejer pees[er l³eeceeies ieeþeR®³eeªheeves Demeles, peer®ee Ghe³eesie G[leevee leesue meeJejC³eemeeþer neslees. ³ee peeleerleerueceeÐee Ye#e hekeÀ[C³eele vejebhes#ee DeeIee[erJej Demeleele. keÀenerJesUe lej l³eeb®³ee®evejeb®eener HeÀ[Mee hee[leele.

Common FiveringSc Name - Ypthima baldus (Fabricius)

Family - Nymphalidae Sub-family - SatyrinaeA striated butterfly of the ‘Brown’ group with a wing span of 32-48 mm. Upper side is pale brown or whitish brown with coarsevertical brown striations all over. A prominent band consistingof golden yellow rings with black pupil eye spots on hind wingalong the outer wing margin. On the hind wing there six eyespots in three pairs. The last pair of eyespot is smaller. Thefore wing has a lone broad and double pupil spot. The forewing spot and central hind wing spot are distinct, the othersare not. In dry season form the spots on both sides of hind wingare reduced to dots, sometimes not visible. Male and femaleare almost alike. It is very common in dry and moist deciduousforest and shrub land. This nectaring butterfly loves flowersand damp patches for mud puddling. It is found flying up to1,820 meters in Himalayas. In India it is found in HimachalPradesh to Arunachal Pradesh, North-east India, South Indiaup to Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. It lays eggs on varioustypes of grasses.

Robber FlyThe Robber fly is from Order Diptera. These flies areeasily distinguished from other insects because theyhave only one pair of normal wings. The second pair,just behind the first, is represented by two knobbedorgans, the halters, used to stabilize the body duringflight. Most flies have large compound eyes andmouthparts that are modified for piercing, lapping orsucking fluids.ll over the world there are now 6727 species of robberflies are known. Because of their predatory habits offeeding on other insects and their voracious appetites,they contribute to the maintenance of the naturalbalance among insect populations. To some extent,they prey consist of plant feeding insects. The size ofprey taken varies widely with each species of robberfly. Females also spend more time seeking prey thanthe males, possibly because of their reproductiverequirements. Their general habit is to perch in opensunlit areas where they presumable command a goodview of passing insects.

24

ceybg eFp& eJeU eof meueus es HeenCg e's He#eerevf eje#r eCe

DeefJeveeMe Yeiele ë 98920 61899

evf eueeif ejer jeveHeejJee Nilgiri Wood Pigeoníe³eeef®e$e - efnceebMeg ìWyeskeÀj efþkeÀeCe ë ceeLesjeve

evf eȳee [eks e³Ì ee®ee keÀmlejg Blue-capped Rock Thrushíe³eeef®e$e - mebpe³e veeieeJekeÀj efþkeÀeCe ë Deefueyeeie

mJeiee³a e velek& eÀ Indian Paradise Flycatcheríe³eeef®e$e - ce³egjsMe nWês efþkeÀeCe ë yeejJeer OejCe

íeìs e me³t eH& e#eer Crimson-backed Sunbirdíe³eeef®e$e - keÌueeje keÀesefj³ee efþkeÀeCe ë YeerceeMebkeÀj DeYe³eejC³e

ceeþs e Deeueea Oriental Pratincoleíe³eeef®e$e - Mebleveg kegÀJemeskeÀj efþkeÀeCe ë ceeCeieeJe

lejib e yeokeÀ Eurasian Wigeoníe³eeef®e$e - DeefJeveeMe Yeiele efþkeÀeCe ë þeCes Kee[er

A slightly large pigeon. It is resident and endemic toWestern Ghats in India. Prefers Evergreen forests. It feedson fruits. Due to habitat loss classified as threatened. Maleand Female look similar.

keÀyelg ejeHe#s ee DeekeÀejeves Lee[s e ceeþs e. HeeMf ®ece Ieeìele ÒeoMs eevf eÿ Deen.s meoenejf leJeveebceOes HeÀUebJej iegpejeCe keÀjlees. veä nesle Demeuesu³ee DeefOeJeemeecegUs mebkeÀìûemleÒepeeleeRceOes meceeJesMe. vej Je ceeoer efomee³euee meejKes®e.

Size that of a Bulbul. It is a local migrant. Common toWestern Ghats. Found in Bamboo Jungle and lightdeciduous forests. It is a ground feeder and feeds on insectsand worms. Female is brown in colour.

yeug eyeug e®³ee DeekeÀeje®ee jib eelr e He#ee.r HeeMf ®ece Ieeìele meJe$& e Dee{Ulee.s meoenjelr eJeves, Deeê& Jeves ³eele peefceveerJejerue efkeÀìkeÀebJej iegpejeCe keÀjlees. ceeoer®ee jbie neleHeekf eÀjer Demelee.s

The size of a Bulbul. It is a resident in most parts of India.Found in Evergreen and Deciduous forests. It feeds on flies,gnats and other insects. Male shows two morphs, white andrufous and has two long narrow ribbon like feathers on tail.The female is rufous with short tail.

yeug eyeug e®³ee®e DeekeÀeje®ee He#ee.r Yeejleele yenlg eks eÀ meJe$& e Dee{Ulee.s HeeveieUe®r eerlemes®e meoenjerle JeveebceOes efkeÀìkeÀebJej iegpejeCe keÀjlees. vej Heeb{je Je leHeefkeÀjerjbiee®ee ueebye MesHetì Demeuesuee Je ceeoer leHeefkeÀjer jbiee®eer ueneve MesHetì Demeuesueer.

It is smaller than a sparrow. Resident to Western Ghat.Seen in evergreen forests. It feeds on nectar, insects andspiders. Male and female look different.

ef®eceCeerHes#ee ueneve DeekeÀeje®ee He#eer. HeefM®ece Ieeìele mLeeefvekeÀ Je ÒeosMeefveÿDeen.s meoenjelr e Jeveecb eOeeur e HeÀg uePee[eJb ej ceOe, íeìs s ekf eÀìkeÀ ³eeJb ej iepg ejeCe keÀjlee.sceeoer vejeHes#ee efHeÀkeÀì jbiee®eer Demeles.

The size of a Myna. Winter visitor to Indian subcontinent.Prefers river banks, dams and other wetlands. Feeds oninsects. Male and female look similar

cewves®³ee DeekeÀeje®ee He#eer. YeejleeceOes efnJeeUer mLeueeblej keÀjlees. veefoefkeÀveejs,peueeMe³es Je ceeskeÀȳee HeeCeLeU peeieebceOes efkeÀìkeÀebJej iegpejeCe keÀjlees. vej Je ceeoerefomee³euee meejKes®e Demeleele.

Size of domestic duck. Winter migrant in IndianSubcontinent. Seen in Dams, Reservoir, Creeks and otherwetlands. Feeds on aquatic plants. Female looks paler thanmale without the red head.

Yeejleer³e GHeKeb[ele efnJeeUer mLeueeblej keÀjlees. peueeMe³es, Kee[er Je FlejHeeCeLeU peeieebpeJeU Dee{Uleele. peueJevemHeleeRJej iegpejeCe keÀjleele. ceeoer®³ee[eske̳eeJej jbie leebye[e vemelees.

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hue@eqmìkeÀ [yes Je yeeìu³ee ìe@eqkeÌmekeÀ Deensle keÀe ?ìee@ kq emÌ emeeìr er

[e@. ef®e$ee peesMeer ë 98200 37224

Deepe®³ee Del³eeOegefvekeÀ peerJeveMewueerle hue@eqmìkeÀ ves DeeheuesJej®emJe hemLeeehf ele keÀs ues Deen.s ovw eeb of ve Jeehejeleeur e meJe®& e Jemlecbt eO³eshue@eqmìkeÀ Dee{Utve ³esles. Deeheu³ee peerJeveeleerue hue@eqmìkeÀ®eerjsue®esue mJeeieleen& Demeueer lejer l³ee®eer mJe³ebheekeÀIejeleerue ueg[yeg[evf ee½q ele®e IeelekeÀ Deen.s KeeÐe heoeLee®¥ es [ye,s Meelr ehe³s ee®b ³ee heeC³ee®³eeyeeìu³ee, leeìu³ee, iueeme ³eeleerue hue@eqmìkeÀ Jeehej mJeeieleen&vemeeJee.

hue@eqmìkeÀ®³ee efvee|celeerle ìe@eqkeÌmekeÀ IeìkeÀ Jeehejues peeleele Jens ìe@eqkeÌmevemed hue@eqmìkeÀ®³ee Lesì mebhekeÀe&le Deeuesu³ee ieesäeRceO³esGlejle.s ³ee®ee Deeheu³ee Deejeis ³eeJej IeelekeÀ heejf Ceece neTs MekeÀlee.shue@eqmìkeÀ ns meWefê³e hee@efuecejheemetve yeveJeues peeles. ceT Demeleeveel³eeuee mee®³eehe´ceeCes nJee lees DeekeÀej oslee ³eslees. keÀeueeblejeves nsIeÆ nesTve, ìCekeÀ eEkeÀJee ueJeef®ekeÀ JemletbceO³es ªheebleefjle keÀjlee³esles.

KeeÐeeVe meeþJeCeer®es [yes ns hee@efuekeÀeyeexvesì hue@eqmìkeÀheemetveyeveJeuesues Demeleele. ns G<CeleeefJejesOekeÀ Demetve HegÀìC³ee®eener OeeskeÀevemelee.s keÀener [yes JeeleeYeÎs Demeu³eeves DeVee®ee leepehs eCee eof Iek& eÀeUjeKeuee peelees. DeVe ogef<ele nesle veener. efHe´ÀPej les cee¬eÀesJesJeceO³es lesefyeveefokeÌkeÀle Jeehejlee ³esleele. ns meJe& HeÀe³eos ue#eele Ieslee;hee@efuekeÀeyeexvesì hue@eqmìkeÀ ns DeveskeÀ he´keÀej®³ee KeeÐe meeþJeCeer®³ee[y³eeble, yeeìu³eebceO³es Jeehejues peeles. ³ee [y³ee-yeeìu³eebceOeerueKeeÐe heoeLe& hue@eqmìkeÀ®³ee Lesì mebhekeÀe&le ³esleele.

oner, ÞeerKeb[, jmeieguues, Meerlehes³es, heeCeer Fl³eeoer efJe¬eÀermeeþerHue@efmìkeÀ®³ee [yes-yeeìu³eebceO³es þsJeues peeles. lej Kepetj, heveerj,®eerpe, efceþeF&, ®ee@keÀuesìmed Jeiewjs hue@eqmìkeÀ®³ee Jesäveele iegb[eUtveefJe¬eÀermeeþer þsJeues peeleele.

hue@eqmìkeÀ®³ee [yes-yeeìu³eeb, yejC³eebceO³es cegK³elJes Le@uesì JeyeermeefHeÀvee@ue-S (yeer heer S )ner oesve jmee³eves Dee{Uleele. Le@uesìhue@eqmìkeÀuee ueJeef®ekeÀ yeveJeles lej yeermeefHeÀvee@ue-Shue@eqmìkeÀuee ìCekeÀ yeveJeles. KeeÐeheoeLe& hue@eqmìkeÀ®³eeLeìs mehb ekeÀel& e Deeu³eeceUg s keÀener heceeCeele Leu@ eìs DeLeJeeyeermeefHeÀvee@ue-S ®ee DebMe DeefOekeÀ leeheceeveemeKeeÐeheoeLee¥le YesmeUt MekeÀlees. l³ee®ee heefjCeeceMejerjeleerue Fmì^espeve, ìsmìesmìsje@ve ³ee mebhe´sjkeÀebJej

neTs MekeÀlee.s leme®s e Mejejr eleeur e vemw eei| ekeÀ Dev@ ìeDr eee@ kq emÌ e[ìb meJd ejnernesT MekeÀlees.

huee@ mq ìkeÀ keÀb ìvs eme& Leu@ eìs ceÊg eÀ DeLeJee yeemr eeHf eÀveeu@ e S ceÊg eÀ Demeueslejer les ceeveJeer Deejesi³eeme hetCe&leë megjef#ele veenerle. keÀener keÀeUeveblejeEkeÀJee DeefOekeÀ leeheceeveeme Del³eble ìCekeÀ hue@eqmìkeÀmeg×e legìles.cnCepe®s e l³eeleeur e jmee³evee®b es eJf eIeìve neTs ve leer heePejC³ee®eer Meke³Ì eleeDemele.s ³ee jmee³evee®b ee KeeÐeheoeLeel¥ e eMf ejkeÀeJe Peeu³eeme, leer jmee³evesDeeheu³ee Mejejr ele eMf ejkeÀeJe keÀjleele. keÀoee®f ele ner jmee³eves Deeheu³eeDeejesi³eeme IeelekeÀ vemeleeruener; hejbleg JeejbJeej pej leer Deeheu³eeMejerjele iesueer lej efveefM®ele®e Deejesi³eeJej l³eeb®ee efJehejerle heefjCeecenesT MekeÀlees.

cee¬eÀeJs eJs e meHs eÀ huee@ mq ìkeÀ cnCepe,s cee¬eÀeJs eJs e®³ee G®®e leeheceeveeuee³ee Yeeb[îeeb®ee DeekeÀej efyeIe[le veener; hejbleg ³ee G®®e leeheceeveeuee³ee Yeeb[îeeleerue jmee³eves KeeÐeeVeele YesmeUt MekeÀleele. lemes®eyeepeejeletve hue@eqmìkeÀ®³ee [y³eebceOetve efJekeÀle DeeCeuesues DeVe l³ee®e[y³eebceO³es iejce keÀª ve³es, les Deejesi³eeme IeelekeÀ þª MekeÀles. lemes®eMeelr ehe³s es ekE eÀJee heeC³ee®³ee yeeìu³ee®b es leeheceeve TvneceUg s DeLeJee FlejkeÀejCeebcegUs Jee{u³eeme l³eeletvener jmee³eveeb®ee DebMe hes³eebceO³es YesmeUtMekeÀlee.s DeMeer he³s es melele h³ee³eu³eeme Deeheu³ee Deejeis ³eeme IeelekeÀþª MekeÀleele.

ns Dehee³e ìeUC³ee®ee meeshee Ghee³e cnCepes yeepeejele GheueyOeDemeuesu³ee hue@eqmìkeÀ®³ee heeC³ee®³ee yeeìu³eeb®ee hegvne-hegvne JeehejìeUeJee. keÀe®es®eer DeLeJee Oeelet®eer yeeìueer heeC³eemeeþer JeehejeJeer.jespe®ee pesJeCee®ee [yee eqmìue®ee DemeeJee. cee¬eÀesJesJeceO³es KeeÐeeVeiejce keÀjC³eemeeþer keÀe®e®s eer ekE eÀJee ®eevr eer ceelee®r eer Yee[b er JeehejeeJf ele.hue@eqmìkeÀ Jesäves KeeÐeeVee®³ee Lesì mebhekeÀe&le ³esT ve³esle³ee®eer keÀeUpeer I³eeJeer. Deeheues Deejesi³eDeeheCe®e meebYeeUe³euee nJes.

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2727

- [e@. megOeerj ceeW[keÀj98695 75594

ÒeMve lecg e®ee, GÊej eJf e%eevee®es

ve@veeskeÀCe ns jesieesHe®eejele efkeÀleHele GHe³eesieer He[leele?HeeSr veSme Dev@ [ mee³evme ³ee evf e³elekeÀeeuf ekeÀeleeur e ìejs eìb es eJf eÐeeHeeþr eleeur e

Jeej@ vs e ®evs e ³ee®b ³ee Òeemf e× JeÊ= eelb eevemg eej oevs e keÀkeÀ& jeis eieeþer eYf evve Demeu³eevesjmee³eveeHs e®eejkeÀ (keÀs ceeLs ejs Hee)r Dee<w eOes eYf evve Heejf Ceece oeKeJeleele. yeoue#eceueIegkeÀCe (ve@vees) ns OeelegkeÀCe Demeleele. les [erSveS Oeei³eeuee pegUtve HeìkeÀvekeÀke&ÀjesieHesMeeRJej DeeIeele keÀjleele DeeefCe leer jesieHesMeer DeesUKeC³ee®ee mebosMeosCeeje jsCetner lesLes le³eej neslees. l³eecegUs kesÀmeieUleer, lJe®ee Je Deele[îee®eerneveer ìUles.

nÊeer®es pewefJekeÀ Me=bKeuesle mLeeve keÀesCeles Deens?- peew Jf ekeÀ MeKb= euels e nÊeeur ee cenÊJee®es IeìkeÀ ceeveues peele.s nÊeer keÀUHeeves

®eeuele Demeleevee peecf eveeJr ej GieJeueus ³ee ieJeleeleeur e yenlg eeMb e ekf eÀ[s Jej ³els eele.G[Ceejs He#eer DeMee keÀUHee®ee Heeþueeie keÀjleevee ³ee ieJeleeJejerue efkeÀ[îeebJejDeeHeueer iepg ejeCe keÀjleele. DeMeeleNnvs es nÊeer -ekf eÀ[-s He#eer DeMee peew Jf ekeÀ MeKb= euels enÊeer®es mLeeve cenÊJeHetCe& þjles.

meJe& cetueêJ³eebceO³es eEkeÀceleer cetueêJ³e keÀesCeles?- efvemeiee&le efceUle Demeuesues Öe@Àefvme³ece' ns cetueêJ³e lJejerle efJeIeìerle

nesTve JeeHejele ³esle veener. Demes DeuHepeerJeer 100 ûe@ce Öe@Àefvme³ece le³eejkeÀjC³eemeeþer DeypeeJeOeer [eu@ eme& ueeieleele. l³eeceUg s l³ee®eer meeceev³eleë eJf e¬eÀernesle veener.

`pesì ue@ie'®ee Jew%eeefvekeÀ DeLe& keÀesCelee?- Deelb ejje<ìe³r e eJf eceeveÒeJeemeele oMs eÒeJeMs eevemg eej mece³e#e$s e (ìeFcePeevs e)

Jee keÀefìyebOe ³eele yeoue neslees. keÀeef³ekeÀ Je yee¿eefJeMJee®es Ie[îeeU ³eeb®³eeJesUeceO³es HeÀjkeÀ Dee{Ulees. l³eecegUs DeMee ÒeJeeMeeb®es keÀeef³ekeÀ meblegueveefyeIe[u³eecegUs, l³eebvee JesUsJej PeesHe Jee peeie ve ³esCes, efoJemeYej PeesHe ve³esCes, DeeUme, [eskesÀogKeer DeMee ue#eCeebvee meeceesjs peeJes ueeieles.

Eco-freindly Holi Awareness : Paryavaran Dakshata Mandalorganise Eco-freindly holi workshops at Thane, Kalyan,Dombiwali and rural Schools for last 15 years. PDM makeawareness to make natural colour, avoid cutting trees at holitime, play One Gaon-One Holi to avoid air pollution, etc.This year they conducted sessions at Stee Mukti Sanghatana,Nalpada Public School, Dnyanoday Vidyamandir.

He³ee&JejCeHetjkeÀ nesUer ë vewmeefie&keÀ jbie KesUtve He³ee&JejCeHetjkeÀ nesUer meepejerkeÀjC³ee®es DeefYe³eeve He³ee&JejCe o#elee ceb[Ue®³ee Jeleerves iesueer 15 Je<ex ®eeueefJeuespeele.s þeCe,s [eeW yf eJeuee,r keÀu³eeCe Deeoer Menjeleeur e leme®s e ûeeceeCr e Yeeieeleeur e MeeUecb eOevt eefJeÐeeL³ee¥vee vewmeefie&keÀ jbie yeveefJeC³eeme efMekeÀJeues peeles. lemes®e Je=#e lees[ ve keÀjleeHeeueeHee®eesUe, keÀ®eje peeUtve nesUer keÀjeJeer, Òeot<eCe ìeUtve SkeÀ ieeJe SkeÀ nesUermebkeÀuHevee ³eemeejK³ee efJe<e³eeb®es ceeie&oMe&ve keÀjC³eele ³esles.³eboe m$eer cegkeÌleer mebIeìvee, veUHee[e HeeqyuekeÀ mkegÀue, %eeveeso³e efJeÐeecebefoj ³eeefþkeÀeCeer ner keÀe³e&MeeUe Peeueer.

þeCes Je HeeueIej ³ee efpeu¿eebceO³es 1996 Heemetve DeeefoJeemeer ceefnuee JeyeeuekeÀeb®³ee kegÀHees<eCe efveceg &uevee®esmekeÀejelcekeÀ keÀece keÀjCeeN³ee veJe¢äe'r³ee meceepemesJeer mebmLesuee Jeu[& Jee@ìjefue[jMeerHe' HegjmkeÀej efceUeuee. ³eeHegjmkeÀejemenerle mebmLes®es DeO³e#e,He³eeJ& ejCe o#elee ce[b Ue®es SkeÀ me®b eeuekeÀDeeefCe `DeeHeueb He³ee&JejCe'®es mlebYeuesKekeÀ [e@. veeiesMe ìskeÀeUs...

neefo&keÀ DeefYevebove ...

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Trees for Earth...

“No new reafforestation can replace an old forest inenergy value”

On the occasion of Earth Day, what I hope to show is theimmense value of trees to the biosphere. Here are 22 of thebest reasons to plant and care for trees.

Trees combat climate change : Excess carbon dioxide(CO

2) caused by many factors is building up in our

atmosphere and contributing to climate change. Trees absorbCO

2, removing and storing the carbon while releasing the

oxygen (O2) back into the air. In one year, an acre of mature

trees absorbs the amount of CO2 produced when one drives

a car 26,000 miles.Trees clean the air : Trees absorb odours and pollutant

gases (nitrogen oxides, ammonia, sulphur dioxide andozone) and filter particulates out of the air by trapping themon their leaves and bark.

Trees provide oxygen : In one year an acre of maturetrees can provide enough oxygen for 18 people.

Trees cool the streets and the city : Averagetemperatures have risen in the last 50 years as tree coveragehas declined and the number of heat-absorbing roads andbuildings has increased. Trees cool the city by up to 10°F,by shading our homes and streets, breaking up urban “heatislands” and releasing water vapour into the air through theirleaves.

Trees conserve energy : Three trees placed strategicallyaround a single-family home can cut summer air conditioningneeds by up to 50 percent. By reducing the energy demand

Prof. Clara Correia

clarac_02@yahoo.com

for cooling our houses, we reducecarbon dioxide and other pollutionemissions from power plants.

Trees save water : Shade fromtrees slows water evaporation fromthirsty lawns. Most newly planted treesneed less water. As trees transpire,they increase atmospheric moisture.

Trees help prevent water pollutionTrees reduce runoff (loss) by

breaking rainfall thus allowing the waterto flow down the trunk and into the

earth below the tree. This prevents storm water from carryingpollutants to the ocean. When mulched (A protectivecovering, usually of organic matter such as leaves, straw, orpeat, placed around plants to prevent the evaporation ofmoisture), trees act like a sponge that filters this water naturallyand uses it to recharge groundwater supplies.

Trees help prevent soil erosion : On hillsides or streamslopes, trees slow runoff (erosion) and hold soil in place.

Trees shield children from ultra-violet rays : Skin canceris the most common form of cancer in the United States.Trees reduce UV-B exposure by about 50 percent, thusproviding protection to children on school campuses andplaygrounds - where children spend hours outdoors.

Trees provide food : Fruiting trees that are planted apartfrom providing fruit for humans, trees provide food for birdsand wildlife.

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Trees heal : Studies have shown that patients with viewsof trees out their windows heal faster and with fewercomplications. Children with ADHD (Attention DeficitHyperactivity Disorder) show fewer symptoms when they haveaccess to nature. Exposure to trees and nature aidsconcentration by reducing mental fatigue.

Trees reduce violence : Statistics have shown thatneighbourhoods and homes that are barren have a greaterincidence of violence in and out of the home than theirgreener counterparts. Did you know that trees andlandscaping help to reduce the level of fear?

Trees mark the seasons : Is it winter, summer or rain?Just look at the trees!

Trees create economic opportunities : Fruit harvestedfrom orchards can be sold, thus providing income. Smallbusiness opportunities in green waste management andlandscaping arise when cities value mulching and its water-saving qualities. Vocational training for youth interested ingreen jobs is also a great way to develop economicopportunities from trees.

Trees are teachers and playmates : Whether as housesfor children or creative and spiritual inspiration for adults,trees have provided the space for human retreat throughoutthe ages. In India we have always seen and heard thatmeditation by our Saints and Sages were always under trees.

Trees bring diverse groups of people together : Treeplantings provide an opportunity for community involvementand empowerment that improves the quality of life in oursurrounding. All cultures, ages, and genders have animportant role to play at a tree planting or tree care event.

Trees add unity : Trees as landmarks can give our

surroundings a new identity and encourage civic pride.Trees provide a canopy and habitat for wildlife : Peepal,

Banyan, Rain trees are among the many urban species thatprovide excellent canopy urban homes for birds, andsquirrels.

Trees block things : Trees can mask unsightly views.They muffle (reduce) sound from nearby streets and createan eye-soothing canopy of green. Trees absorb dust andwind and reduce the glare of the sun.

Trees provide wood : In suburban and rural areas, treescan be selectively harvested for fuel and craft wood.

Trees increase property values : The beauty of a well-planted property and its surrounding street can raise propertyvalues by as much as 15 percent.

Trees increase business traffic : Studies show that themore trees and landscaping a business district has, the morebusiness will flow in. A tree-lined street will also slow traffic –enough to allow the drivers to look instead of whizzing by.

I am sure some of the above reasonswere definitely not in your list. We should notbe deceived by the propaganda thatpromises: “for every tree cut down, a tree isplanted”. The exchange of a 50-gramseedling for a forest giant of 50-1200 tonnesis like the offer of a mouse for an elephant.

Now that we begin to understand thereasons, we could ourselves look at treesas our essential companions, giving us allthe needs of life, and deserving of our careand respect.

... if we clear the trees, what is left butdust?

30

“There is a water crisis today. But the crisisis not about having too little water to satisfyour needs. It is a crisis of managing water sobadly that billions of people - and theenvironment - suffer badly.”

-World Water Vision Report.

Water - the essential ingredient for life on thisplanet – is becoming an increasingly scarceresource. At this I remember the words of Dr.Rajendra Singh aka Water Man of India, from aconference he addressed, where he quoted“Looking at the present water crisis, there is notime, when the world will fight water war.” Makingsense to the very condition of present day scarcity of waterall over the country, it is not long that we will become a partof violent struggle in fulfilling our day-to-day needs of water.

Maharashtra is facing one of its most severe droughts inrecent time’s inspite of the odd 40% dams in the state.Marathwada, in Maharashtra is reeling under the worst droughtin recent years. The area pushes hundreds of locals tomigrate to cities in search of livelihood. It is even beforesummers, when wells run too dry to draw water from pitchers;villages in Marathwada lower their very children into the wells

Water Crisis

Shubhda C. Kushwahashubhda.shubhs@yahoo.com

9594348821

by ropes. This sad state is also of cities all over the stateincluding Mumbai which are facing the crisis of potable andclean water. With rains continuing to evade the city, waterlevels in lakes supplying drinking water to the city has beensinking day by day.

It hits us hard but doesn’t hurt, we are running out of wateryet there is little realization about conserving this preciousresource. It is sad that our institutions have not woken up tothe climate change threat. Conservation has truly got lost toconstruction. In India, water conservation has never been

seriously taken up, even though many partsof India face extensive drought situationsover and over again.

It is time we start the water literacy driveand reach maximum people. More andmore people should be educated aboutwater harvesting. This can only be done ifwe control the loss of water by evaporationand also by collecting the rain water whichsimply flows away to the seas. This canhelp in recharging the ground water andhelp us in times of adversity. Also the statemust keep strict check on wastage of water.

A basic change in our attitude to wateris needed. Let there be communisation ofwater and no privatization!

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Potential Causes of Wetland Bird Population Trends

In the last and concluding part of wetlands, I will bediscussing some of the causes that probably have affectedthe wetland bird population.

Habitat loss and fragmentation : Both the loss andfragmentation (or “breaking apart”) of wetlands can havedetrimental impacts on wetland bird populations byinfluencing habitat use, reproduction, and survival.

Invasive species : Some non-native plant species haveinvaded wetlands (eg. Eichhornia also called Water Hyacinth),causing profound changes in wetland structure, which couldmake those wetlands unsuitable for some species of birds.

Global climate change : Climate can have particularlystrong effects on wetland structure if precipitation (rainfall)declines or becomes more variable in the future. Althoughthere is much disagreement in projecting future changes inprecipitation, however global increases in precipitation along

Prof. Clara Correia

clarac_02@yahoo.com

with some regional declines occurring due to pole wardshifts in rain belts is predicted. Thus rainfall can affect wetlandbirds by altering water levels and habitat structure withinwetlands. Also, in times of drought, climate can cause habitatloss because smaller, shallower wetlands will become dry,effectively changing into grassland or open habitat. Thisclimate-caused habitat loss has been correlated with annualvariation in some wetland birds, including many waterfowls.

How can habitat loss influence wetland birds?While evidence has increased for habitat loss and

fragmentation affecting bird populations using other habitats,evidence for effects on wetland birds is limited.

- Bird abundance and habitat use: Wetland loss canmake the remaining wetlands in the landscape less suitablefor some species.

- Reproduction: Breeding success for some species can

32

potentially be lowered near the edges of wetlands thantowards the interior of wetlands because many nest predatorscannot access deep water habitats within wetlands. Thesepatterns in nest predation not only occur with habitatfragmentation but also with variation in rainfall. During dryperiods, wetlands can be more easily accessed by nestpredators, potentially resulting in lower breeding success.Although lower breeding success can occur due to waterdepth in wetlands, it remains unknown if and howanthropogenic habitat loss might further reduce breedingsuccess in wetlands.

- Survival: Fragmentation and habitat loss could alsoinfluence survival of some wetland birds because somepredators.

Why worry about wetland birds?If habitat loss is indeed having detrimental impact on

wetland bird populations, what implications might theseimpacts have? Birds play critical roles in wetland systemsby acting as herbivores, predators and prey, and beingfacilitators for plant dispersal — not to mention providingaesthetic values for bird watchers and other natureenthusiasts. Habitat loss has occurred at devastating ratesthroughout the world over the past two centuries. Yet these

losses are not all equal, and some environments have beenaffected more than others. Continued wetland losses probablywill cause continued losses of wetland birds. However, recentrecognition of the wetland values, and the effects of theirlosses, has provided incentives to maintain and restorewetlands. Fortunately, a variety of recent state programs haveincreased wetland protection and provided incentives forhabitat restoration. However, has this protection come toolate?

ConclusionPublic perceptions of wetlands have come a long way in

the past few decades, yet wetlands are still being lostthroughout the country. Habitat loss can directly impact birdsusing these areas by potentially influencing bird abundanceand habitat use, reproduction, and survival. Habitat restorationis one of the only potential solutions in counteracting wetlandloss, but it remains unclear if and how restoration influencespopulation dynamics of wetland birds. In addition, we needa better understanding of the ultimate roles birds play inthese ecosystems to effectively address ongoing wetlandloss and the strategies focused on mitigating this issue.

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Employee Engagement and Team Building Programmes.With many techniques of urban farming in the kitty, Green

Souls has been inspiring individuals from different age groupsand various professional backgrounds to be small-timefarmers.

Contribute : Every individual with a curiosity for farmingcan contribute to this green initiative. One way is to volunteerat the community-based farms. A volunteer can contributehis/her own ideas and learn techniques devised by the GreenSouls. Individuals who can’t be present at the farms can fundwhole or part of one of the Green Souls projects.

Contact : Call on +91 88790 77105 to speak to the greensoul and e-mail at community@greensouls.in. Interact andlearn about nuances of urban farming from facebook.com/GreenSoulsMumbai.

Photocredits Green Souls Mumbai

It is well known by now that Paryavaran DakshataManch (PDM) is an NGO committed to creatingawareness and conservation of the Thane Creek. TheGovernment of Maharashtra recently has declared‘Flamingo Sanctuary’ Status to Thane Mumbra Creekin the Mumbai region. It was more than a coincidencethat PDM, for the past 10 yrs, was calling for specialstatus to be assigned to Thane Creek for itsconservation and proper natural development. Weare very happy that the Chief Minister, Mr. DevendraPhadnavis and his colleagues have taken this initiative.This seems to be the beginning of the dream of ‘CleanThane Creek’.

In continuation with our endeavour to spreadawareness, PDM in collaboration with the MPCB Unitof Thane Municipal Corporation organised a first of itskind three day Exhibition on the ‘Biodiversity of ThaneCreek’, as we wish that the status of a sanctuary beassigned to the entire Thane Creek and not just partof it. The three day event held at Kala Bhavan –Kapurbawdi was inaugurated by the Mayor of Thane– Shri Sanjay More. The other dignitaries of TMC whowere present were Ravindra Sapte, Naresh Mhaske,Adv. Anita Gauri, and Sanjay Bhoir. This event wasfree and open to all.

The exhibition show cased the rich and variedbiodiversity of the Thane Creek in the three galleries,situated on the first, second and third floor. All aspectsof the Creek such as habitat – then and now, the birds,mangroves, butterflies, insects, amphibians, reptilesand mammals were displayed. There was a sectiondedicated to the aquatic fauna which included the fish,crabs, prawns and molluscs most of which havedisappeared from Thane Creek thereby robbing thefishermen from their livelihood. There were around300 exhibits by 21 photographers. The entrance hada beautiful ‘Rangoli’ of a Flamingo against thebackdrop of the Creek, and a stall of Green Shoppe– an Eco-friendly venture of PDM. There were two

Biodiversity of Thane Creekan Exhibition

: Avinash Bhagat

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When I decided to write an article about ‘Uger’, the firstobvious question which I thought all my readers would haveis “What is Uger?” Uger is a Merwari word which means anew beginning. The Green Shoppe has always been lookingout for eco friendly alternatives to things that we use in ourday to day life and which are polluting. The first thing that weintroduced was the Areca Palm plates and bowls as servingalternatives to all the plastic, Styrofoam and thermocol plates.The second popular kit is Clenture- (A Natural toiletry kit of 10products from 7 NGOs from 5 different states) and this time itis Uger.

Being an NGO into environment education and awareness,we are very much aware of the hazards of the disposal of theused sanitary pads and alwaysbeen looking out for viablealternatives. And then Ugerhappened to us. A project of anNGO Jatan Santhan in Udaipur,the uger pads are stitched byrural women of the village.

When we got introduced toUger pads in October 2015 theobjective was solely to helpconserve the environment as wewere aware of the health andenvironmental hazards. Weknew that the commonly useddisposable napkins do notdegrade for more than 800 years. But a closer look anddeeper studies into the issue has put light on many aspectsto make us realize what we are using is nothing less to atime ticking bomb and many of the female biologicalproblems are associated with it.

- The white material in a sanitary napkin is not fabric, butwood pulp which is bleached with chlorine.

- The cellulose in this wood pulp can cause cervical cancerthe 2nd most leading cause of cancer related death in women

- Sanitary napkins contain synthetic material which blockswetness and temperature leading to the growth of yeast andbacteria.

A Healthy Living....

Shreelata Menon

- On an average a woman disposes 16,800 pads a lifetime.Since these pads are made of 90% plastic they remain in theenvironment for more than 800 years which is major concern.

Well there is another very interesting story to the marketof these immortal pads. Incidentally there are around 355million women in India, but of which only 12% are using thenon degradable pads. That means there is a huge 78% outthere which is very much Indian and can be potentialcustomers for the big MNCs in this field. Now this explainsthe importance the advertising agencies have in this fieldwhich are continuously brain washing young minds to thinkno beyond. Another important aspect is that a Sanitary Napkinis not considered as a medical device which gives it the

license of not mentioning theingredients on it.

Thus Uger- which means a newbeginning is hoping to discussthis very vital issue openly and toaccept the more sustainableapproach of using reusable padswhich is very much Indian and safetoo. These are designed to suitthe urban environment and go avery long way in helping one’s selfand of course the environment. Inthe long run they turn out to bemore economical too. Uger urgeshigher authorities in companies

and workplaces to be more sensitive to the issue and lookat providing systems which will make it conducive for thewomen to use Uger even at workplaces. In the young andadolescent group we urge the parents to encourage theirchildren to use this right from the start and develop pride in itrather than shun it off as old fashioned.

Summarizing I wish to say, friends ‘Ignorance is not alwaysbliss’ thus please try to understand the issue better and alwaysremember we Indians have always followed a culture whichis very nature friendly and sustainable. So let’s all be proudto be Indians and learn from our traditions, our dear MotherEarth would be a much better place to live in.

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Hi, friends, I wish to take you on a colourful journey ofbirdwatching! My first session of bird watching was in Kerala.I still remember the sweet voice of the Koel, the cool windsof the open terrace and the carefree life of our flyingneighbors. I used to spot birds, but did not know anythingabout it.However, with the judicious use , of the ‘Bible’ of thebird watchers as it is called – Dr Salim Ali Sir’s book and mybinoculars ( a gift by my mother) I starting mastering the artof identification of these flying beauties. Another hobby thatI developed side by side is photography and this tool hashelped me immensely in capturing far off birds and identifyingthem at leisure. The main thing that attracted me towardsbird watching is their sheer variety. Another interesting thingabout bird watching is that after observing a bird we come toknow more about the habitat it resides in, their migrationpatterns, feeding habits, roosting behavior and day to dayactivities. Each bird is strikingly different from the other. Allthese characteristics are beautifully carved in their little birdbrains. Now, you would surely think twice before teasinganyone with less intellect as a bird brain!

As I moved along in my journey, I got some wonderfulopportunities to go bird watching and also got acquaintedwith a number of bird experts. One of the best activities thatI always look forward to is the bird counting exercise whichis conducted in Thane and nearby areas by a group ofenthusiastic bird watchers. Till date I have been on 7occasions of such bird count and have visited differenthabitats. This is a seasonal activity and helps us inunderstanding the population patterns. Sighting of newspecies are encouraging signs. At the same time dwindlingnumbers can be indicative of some trouble in the area. It issaid that the whole issue of encroachment of the Thane Eastarea (which is now a court case) first came to light becauseof the observations of some regular bird watchers in thearea who found a change in the pattern.

To know my feathered friends better, I enrolled myself fora Basic Ornithology course ( for beginners by an NGO inThane called FERN). One thing that I believe is that sciencemakes our soul and mind systematic. In a span of threemonths I have learnt many things about our feathered bipeds.By the way do you know what does a feathered biped mean?

A Colourful Journey....

Akhil Menon – Std IX

It is the most scientific and smallest way to define birds. Lastbut not the least I would appeal to my friends to join thehobby or the movement of bird watching. There are two thingsthat you must remember, firstly always bird regularly andmake regular checklists in sites like e-bird and secondlynever be discouraged by a few set of people who may callyou mad to run after a bird at 6 in the morning. “Be Mast, BeBirdwatchers”.

Biodiversity of Thane Creek an Exhibition ....

short films of 10 mins duration on Thane Creek that werebeing shown throughout the day taking the audience througha virtual Creek Safari. On the third day a Creek Safari wasorganised for 25 people who saw the creek filled with morethan 10000 Flamingos and thousands of waders formingundulating clouds over the waters as were the ducks thattook flight at the slightest hint of activity.

The main aim of this exhibition was to introduce to thepeople of Thane, the Biodiversity that the Creek has to offer.The underlining fear, that at the rate at which the Creek isbeing destroyed due to number of reasons, these birds andother animals may not survive or may abandon this degradinghabitat. The exhibition had a section of conservation methodsthat PDM has been conducting relentlessly over the past 15years. The ‘White Paper’ was kept and a signature campaignin support of Saving the Creek was taken. We intend to showthis exhibition to all, so that a feeling of belongingness isachieved which will play a big role in saving this wonderfulheritage called Thane Creek.

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