abb summary: abb suite of power transmission test cases mats larsson corporate research abb...
TRANSCRIPT
Summary:
ABB Suite of Power Transmission Test Cases
Mats LarssonCorporate Research
ABB Switzerland Ltd.
Jan 19, 2004
Collapse Scenario
Line tripping (L3) after 100 s Inherent Load Recovery Tap Changer Tries to Restore Voltage Generator field limit activated at 286 s Collapse
0 100 200 300 4000.9
0.95
1
1.05Tap Controlled Load Generator Voltage
Overload limit
reached
Tap Changer
Control
Control Objectives
Stabilize all voltages within 0.9 - 1.1 p.u.
Use minimal amount of load shedding
Control voltage at bus 4 as close as possible to 1 p.u.
Capacitor and tap changer control can be used freely
“Medium Scale” ABB Test Case
inf
G3
StrongNetwork
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
• Three copies of small case
• Similar control objectives
• Recovery dynamics in :• load (continuous)
• Transformers (discrete)
Inputs:
• Line impedances (disturbance)
• 3 Capacitors
• 3 Voltage Refs. Transformer (optional)
• 3 Load shedding
Outputs:
• 3 Load voltages
• 2 Generator field voltages
Case 1 – Tripping of Lines
inf
G3
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
0 100 200 300 400
0.9
1
Vload[2] Vload[3]
0 100 200 300 400
1.6
1.7
1.8 GEfd[2] GEfd[3]
0 100 200 300 400
0
5
10
15 pos[2] pos[3]
Collapse in 400 secs
Case 2 – Cap Switch in Area 2
inf
G3
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
0 100 200 300 4000.9
0.95
1
1.05Vload[2] Vload[3]
0 100 200 300 4001.6
1.7
1.8GEfd[2] GEfd[3]
0 100 200 300 4002
4
6
pos[2] pos[3]
0 100 200 300 400
0
1
System.C2.step
Cap switch at 100 secs stabilizes
Case 3 – Tap Reference Change (-5%)
inf
G3
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
0 100 200 300 400
0.94
0.96
0.98
1Vload[2] Vload[3]
0 100 200 300 400
1.6
1.7
1.8GEfd[1] GEfd[2]
0 100 200 300 400
0
2
4
6pos[2] pos[3]
Tap reference at 100 secs stabilizes
Case 4 – Second line trip
inf
G3
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
0 100 200 300 4000.4
0.6
0.8
1
Vload[2] Vload[3]
0 100 200 300 4001.6
1.65
1.7
1.75
1.8 GEfd[1] GEfd[2]
0 100 200 300 400
4
8
12 pos[2] pos[3]
No longer stable ...
Case 5 – Added load shedding at bus 3
inf
G3
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
0 100 200 300 400
0.92
0.96
1
Vload[2] Vload[3]
0 100 200 300 4001.5
1.6
1.7
1.8 GEfd[1] GEfd[2]
0 100 200 300 400
0
2
4 pos[2] pos[3]
Additional load shedding stabilizes
Model Complexity
6 disturbance inputs - (0,1,2)
Control inputs:
3 capacitors - (0,1)
3 load shedding – (0,1,2,3)
3 tap voltage refs – (0.8–1.2)
Continuous dynamics:
3 loads (2 dynamic states each)
Discrete dynamics:
3 transformers (3 states each)
2 generator limiters (2 states each)
inf
G3
StrongNetwork
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
Possible work on new model
Scaling of Model-predictive approaches (ETH, Grenoble?)
Testing of decentralized schemes (Lund, Grenoble)
Requests for customized versions welcome ...
Large scale case – CIGRE Nordic 32
52 Discrete control inputs Load shedding
Generator voltage setpoints
Tap changers
10 Controlled outputs Load voltages
67 Constrained outputs All voltages, generator currents
State-space ~ 1041 nodes
At 10 s – Gen 4062 Trips Lost generation compensated by
hydro units in the north Increased losses in transmission
corridor, lower voltage in southern region
Generators in the south increase reactive power production
Generator Trip – No Emergency Control
4062
1043
4042
4012
0 50 100 1500.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Time (sec)
Vo
ltag
e (
p.u
.)
V1043V4012V4042
0 50 100 1500.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Time (sec)
Vo
ltag
e (
p.u
.)
V1043V4012V4042
0 50 100 1500.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Time (sec)
Vo
ltag
e (
p.u
.)
V1043V4012V4042
At 30 s – Gen 1043 and 4042 at limit Voltage support lost in middle and
southern parts
At 50+ s – Tap changers restore load Further voltage decrease Collapse at 180 s
Generator Trip – Model Predictive Control
0 100 200 300 400 5000.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Time (sec)
Vo
ltag
e (
p.u
.)
V1043V4012V4042
Generator tripTime Control
30 tap T4041-41 +1 step 30 tap T4042-42 +1 step 30 tap T4061-61 +1 step 30 tap T4062-62 +1 step 30 Gen 1043 s.p. -3 steps30 Gen 2032 s.p. +1 step 30 Gen 4021 s.p. +1 step 30 Gen 4041 s.p. +1 step 30 Gen 4042 s.p. -2 steps30 Gen 4047 s.p. +2 steps60 tap T4041-41 +1 step 60 tap T4042-42 +1 step 60 tap T4047-47 -1 step 60 tap T4061-61 +1 step 60 Gen 2032 s.p. +1 step 60 Gen 4021 s.p. +1 step 60 Gen 4041 s.p. +1 step 60 Gen 4047 s.p. +1 step 90 Gen 4021 s.p. +1 step 120 Gen 4041 s.p. +1 step 150 Gen 2032 s.p. +1 step 300 tap T4047-47 -1 step 330 tap T4046-46 -1 step
Constraint Management
200 400 600 800 1000
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
Arm
atu
re C
urr
en
ts