acrochaetium - icm-csic · – acrochaetium secundatum map 11. – acrochaetium sp. map 12. –...
TRANSCRIPT
MAP 2. – Stylonema cornu-cerviMAP 1. – Stylonema alsidii MAP 3. – Porphyra capensis
MAP 5. – Porphyra sp.MAP 4. – Porphyra saldanhae MAP 6. – Acrochaetium catenulatum
MAP 8. – Acrochaetium endophyticumMAP 7. – Acrochaetium daviesii MAP 9. – Acrochaetium reductum
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232 J. RULL LLUCH
MAP 11. – Acrochaetium sp.MAP 10. – Acrochaetium secundatum MAP 12. – Rhodothamniella floridula
MAP 14. – Gelidium pusillumMAP 13. – Nothogenia erinacea MAP 15. – Suhria vittata
MAP 17. – Aeodes orbitosaMAP 16. – Gracilariopsis longissima MAP 18. – Grateloupia doryphora
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MAP 20. – Pachymenia carnosaMAP 19. – Grateloupia filicina MAP 21. – Phyllymenia belangeri
MAP 23. – Hildenbrandia rubraMAP 22. – Hildenbrandia crouanii MAP 24. – Corallina sp.
MAP 26. – Melobesia membranaceaMAP 25. – Lithophyllum neoatalayense MAP 27. – Synarthrophyton munimentum
234 J. RULL LLUCH
MAP 29. – Caulacanthus ustulatusMAP 28. – Corallinaceae ind. MAP 30. – Heringia mirabilis
MAP 32. – Gigartina bracteataMAP 31. – Rhodophyllis reptans MAP 33. – Mazzaella capensis
MAP 35. – Hypnea spiciferaMAP 34. – Hypnea ecklonii MAP 36. – Hypnea sp.
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MAP 38. – Ahnfeltiopsis glomerataMAP 37. – Kallymenia schizophylla MAP 39. – Ahnfeltiopsis vermicularis
MAP 41. – Gymnogongrus sp.MAP 40. – Gymnogongrus dilatatus MAP 42. – Schizymenia apoda
MAP 44. – Plocamium rigidumMAP 43. – Plocamium glomeratum MAP 45. – Gastroclonium reflexum
236 J. RULL LLUCH
MAP 47. – Rhodymenia natalensisMAP 46. – Rhodymenia capensis MAP 48. – Rhodymenia obtusa
MAP 50. – Aglaothamnion hookeriMAP 49. – Rhodymeniaceae ind. MAP 51. – Antithamnion diminuatum var.diminuatum
MAP 53. – Antithamnion secundumMAP 52. – Antithamnion diminuatum var.polyglandulum
MAP 54. – Antithamnionella verticillata
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MAP 56. – Ballia sertularioidesMAP 55. – Aristothamnion collabens MAP 57. – Bornetia repens
MAP 59. – Centroceras clavulatumMAP 58. – Carpoblepharis minima MAP 60. – Ceramium arenarium
MAP 62. – Ceramium flaccidumMAP 61. – Ceramium atrorubescens MAP 63. – Ceramium planum
238 J. RULL LLUCH
MAP 65. – Griffithsia confervoidesMAP 64. – Ceramium sp. MAP 66. – Microcladia gloria-spei
MAP 68. – Ptilothamnion polysporumMAP 67. – Pleonosporium filicinum MAP 69. – Heterosiphonia crispella
MAP 71. – Acrosorium cincinnatumMAP 70. – Heterosiphonia dubia MAP 72. – Myriogramme livida
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MAP 74. – Delesseriaceae ind. 1MAP 73. – Platysiphonia intermedia MAP 75. – Delesseriaceae ind. 2
MAP 77. – Ophidocladus simpliciusculusMAP 76. – Chondria capensis MAP 78. – Placophora binderi
MAP 80. – Polysiphonia namibiensisMAP 79. – Polysiphonia incompta MAP 81. – Polysiphonia nigra
240 J. RULL LLUCH
MAP 83. – Polysiphonia virgataMAP 82. – Polysiphonia scopulorum MAP 84. – Pterosiphonia complanata
MAP 86. – Streblocladia camptocladaMAP 85. – Pterosiphonia cf. dendroidea MAP 87. – Streblocladia corymbifera
MAP 89. – Aiolocolax pulchellusMAP 88. – Tayloriella tenebrosa MAP 90. – Ectocarpus fasciculatus
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MAP 92. – Hincksia granulosaMAP 91. – Feldmannia irregularis MAP 93. – Bachelotia antillarum
MAP 95. – Ralfsia expansaMAP 94. – Hapalospongidion sp. MAP 96. – Stragularia clavata
MAP 98. – Petalonia fasciaMAP 97. – Chordariopsis capensis MAP 99. – Laminaria pallida
242 J. RULL LLUCH
MAP 101. – Ulvella lensMAP 100. – Entocladia leptochaete MAP 102. – Enteromorpha flexuosa
MAP 104. – Enteromorpha linzaMAP 103. – Enteromorpha intestinalis MAP 105. – Ulva capensis
MAP 107. – Ulva rigidaMAP 106. – Ulva fasciata MAP 108. – Chaetomorpha aerea
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MAP 110. – Cladophora capensisMAP 109. – Chaetomorpha robusta MAP 111. – Cladophora flagelliformis
MAP 113. – Bryopsis hypnoidesMAP 112. – Cladophora hospita MAP 114. – Codium decorticatum
MAP 115. – Codium fragile subsp. capense
KEYS TO THE GENERA
RHODOPHYTA
1. Plants heavily calcified ..............................................................................................................................21. Plants uncalcified or with devil calcification...........................................................................................10
2. Plants crustose, non articulated..................................................................................................................32. Plants articulated, with axes composed of uncalcified genicula and calcified intergenicula ....................9
3. Tetrasporangia cruciately divided ..............................................................................................Heydrichia3. Tetrasporangia zonately divided ................................................................................................................4
4. Cells joined by secondary pit connections .............................................................................Lithophyllum4. Cells joined by cell fusions........................................................................................................................5
5. Sporangial conceptacles uniporate ...............................................................................................Spongites5. Sporangial conceptacles multiporate .........................................................................................................6
6. Structure dimerous ......................................................................................................................Melobesia6. Structure monomerous ...............................................................................................................................7
7. Medulla coaxial..........................................................................................................................................87. Medulla not coaxial.................................................................................................................Leptophytum
8. Spermatangial filaments unbranched .....................................................................................Mesophyllum8. Spermatangial filaments mostly branched ........................................................................Synarthrophyton
9. Plants pinnately branched throughout; fertile intergenicula usually not bearing further ramifications .....................................................................................................................Corallina
9. Plants pinnately branched in sterile parts and dichotomously in fertile parts; fertile intergenicula usually at the base of a dichotomy .....................................................................Arthocardia
10. Plants crustose..........................................................................................................................................1110. Plants of another form..............................................................................................................................14
11. Plants epiphytic, forming microscopic crusts ..........................................................................................1211. Plants epilithic, forming macroscopic crusts ...........................................................................................13
12. Crusts circular, with a continuous margin ....................................................................................Sahlingia12. Crusts consisting of branched radial filaments having free ends ..........................................Erythrocladia
13. Tetrasporangia in conceptacles.............................................................................................Hildenbrandia13. Tetrasporangia in sori.............................................................................................................Haematocelis
14. Plants consisting of horizontally expanded blades ..................................................................................1514. Plants otherwise .......................................................................................................................................16
15. Blades consisting of laterally coalesced polysiphonous filaments, showing in cross section groups of an axial cell and five pericentral cells; reproductive structures in erect branches............................................................................................................................Placophora
15. Blades lacking a polysiphonous structure; reproductive structures in nemathecia ......................................................................................................................................................................................Peyssonnelia
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16. Plants consisting wholly or in part of hollow cavities.............................................................................1716. Plants of another form..............................................................................................................................21
17. Plants consisting of sessile bladders; secretory cells absent .....................................................Nothogenia17. Plants otherwise; secretory cells present .................................................................................................18
18. Plants composed of a solid stipe bearing constricted hollow branches with internal septation ..................................................................................................................Gastroclonium
18. Plants lacking a solid stipe; axes hollow throughout...............................................................................19
19. Axes with internal monostromatic septa at regular intervals...................................................................2019. Axes without internal monostromatic septa ..............................................................................Lomentaria
20. Segments usually shorter than broad; cystocarps with ostiole......................................................Champia20. Segments usually longer than broad; cystocarps without ostiole ............................................Chylocladia
21. Plants foliaceous or flattened ...................................................................................................................2221. Plants of another form..............................................................................................................................54
22. Blades monostromatic throughout ...........................................................................................................2322. Blades at least in part polystromatic........................................................................................................24
23. Plants less than 1 cm in length; blades linear, thin, less than 50 µm thick ..........................Erythrotrichia23. Plants more than 1 cm in length; blades orbicular or lanceolate, more than 50 µm thick ...........Porphyra
24. Blades only polystromatic at midrib, veins or reproductive areas ..........................................................2524. Blades polystromatic throughout .............................................................................................................28
25. Blades with a well developed midrib and macroscopic lateral veins.........................................Delesseria25. Blades without midrib or only with a faint midrib in the proximal parts ...............................................26
26. Carposporangia in chains or groups; macroscopic veins present .........................................Myriogramme26. Carposporangia terminal; macroscopic veins absent...............................................................................27
27. Microscopic veins present .........................................................................................................Acrosorium27. Microscopic veins absent..................................................................................................Haraldiophyllum
28. Blades completely pseudo-parenchymatous ............................................................................................2928. Blades with a filamentous medulla or with a medulla mixed pseudo-parenchyma and filaments .........38
29. Blades in cross section with a regular pattern of horizontal and vertical cell rows ................................3029. Blades in cross section otherwise ............................................................................................................32
30. Tetrasporangial sori scattered directly over blade surface..........................................................Hymenena30. Tetrasporangial sori located on proliferations or restricted to the blade margins ...................................31
31. Cystocarps developed on small proliferations arising from the blade surface or margins..Botryoglossum31. Cystocarps scattered over blade surface.................................................................................Cryptopleura
32. Blades in cross section with cells arranged in horizontal rows but not in regular vertical rows ..........................................................................................................................Neuroglossum
32. Blades in cross section with cells irregularly arranged ...........................................................................33
248 J. RULL LLUCH
33. Medulla consisting of a mixture of very large and much smaller cells ..................................Botryocarpa33. Medulla consisting of cells of more or less uniform size........................................................................34
34. Medulla little developed; cortical cells 10-20 µm in diameter; tetrasporangia zonately divided ......................................................................................................................Rhodophyllis
34. Medulla well developed, thicker; cortical cells smaller; tetrasporangia cruciately divided....................35
35. Tetrasporangia developed in crustose plants (heteromorphic life-history).............................Ahnfeltiopsis35. Tetrasporangia developed in erect flattened plants ..................................................................................36
36. Tetrasporangia formed in wart-like nemathecia..................................................................Gymnogongrus36. Tetrasporangia formed in sori on the blade surface or on small foliaceous proliferations .....................37
37. Tetrasporangia placed in rows ......................................................................................................Schottera37. Tetrasporangia not placed in rows ...........................................................................................Rhodymenia
38. Medulla consisting of large pseudo-parenchymatous cells and intermixed narrower filaments or rhizines.................................................................................................................................39
38. Medulla completely filamentous..............................................................................................................45
39. Medulla with large stellate cells of dense contents .................................................................................4039. Medulla without stellate cells ..................................................................................................................41
40. Medulla largely filamentous with some large cells...................................................................Kallymenia40. Central medulla filamentous and outer medulla mixed pseudo-parenchymatous
and filamentous ....................................................................................................................Thamnophyllis
41. Rhizines present .......................................................................................................................................4241. Rhizines absent ........................................................................................................................................44
42. Blades up to 1 cm broad, with numerous marginal prolifarations....................................................Suhria42. Blades narrower than 5 mm; proliferations occasional or absent............................................................43
43. Blades with a differentiate midrib ..................................................................................................Onikusa43. Blades without midrib ...................................................................................................................Gelidium
44. Medulla consisting of 1-2 layers of large cells with intermixed filaments.....................................Pugetia44. Medulla consisting of several layers of large cells with intermixed filaments....................Thamnophyllis
45. Blades papery, with numerous proliferations both from the blade margins and surface..........Nothogenia45. Blades not as above..................................................................................................................................46
46. Cortex with gland cells ............................................................................................................Schizymenia46. Cortex without gland cells .......................................................................................................................47
47. Tetrasporangia evenly scattered over blade surface.................................................................................4847. Tetrasporangia formed in inner cortical or medullary sori ......................................................................52
48. Blades with a reticulate pattern of grooves and ridges............................................................Phyllymenia48. Blades with a smooth surface ..................................................................................................................49
49. Cortex thick, consisting of long anticlinal cell rows (10 or more cells); medulla
MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE OF NAMIBIA 249
of densely interwoven filaments ...............................................................................................Pachymenia49. Cortex usually thinner, with shorter anticlinal cell rows (up to 8 cells) or with cells
not arranged in distinct rows; medulla of rather loosely interwoven filaments ......................................50
50. Cortical cells not arranged in distinct rows ............................................................................Cryptonemia50. Cortical cells arranged in short anticlinal rows .......................................................................................51
51. Blades broad and irregularly lobed ..................................................................................................Aeodes51. Blades linear or lanceolate, simple or with proliferations .......................................................Grateloupia
52. Cystocarps immersed in the blade...............................................................................................Mazzaella52. Cystocarps formed in special proliferations (papillae) of the blade........................................................53
53. Gonimoblast filaments displacing the envelope surrounding the gonimoblast initials.............Sarcothalia53. Gonimoblast filaments penetrating between cells of the envelope surrounding
the gonimoblast initials ................................................................................................................Gigartina
54. Plants consisting of compressed axes ......................................................................................................5554. Plants filamentous or consisting of solid terete axes ...............................................................................66
55. In cross section a central cell clearly differentiated ................................................................................5655. In cross section a central cell not clearly differentiated ..........................................................................61
56. Plants with a special branching pattern of alternating groups of branchlets in a pectinate series ...........................................................................................................................Plocamium
56. Plants with a branching pattern not as above ..........................................................................................57
57. In cross section, central cell surrounded by 4-9 pericentral cells............................................................5857. In cross section, central cell not surrounded by pericentral cells .................................................Heringia
58. Pericentral cells 4...................................................................................................................Platysiphonia58. Pericentral cells 6-9..................................................................................................................................59
59. Pericentral cells 6................................................................................................................Carpoblepharis59. Pericentral cells 8-9..................................................................................................................................60
60. In longitudinal section, pericentral cells shorter than axial cells; axes corticated...................Microcladia60. In longitudinal section, pericentral cells as long as axial cells; axes ecorticated .................Pterosiphonia
61. Medulla pseudo-parenchymatous with or without rhizines.....................................................................6261. Medulla filamentous or mixed pseudo-parenchymatous and filamentous ..............................................64
62. Rhizines present in medulla and/or subcortex ..............................................................................Gelidium62. Rhizines absent ........................................................................................................................................63
63. Plants tough, wiry; tetrasporangia in swollen axes apices ............................................................Heringia63. Plants stiffly cartilagineous; tetrasporangia immersed in axes not particularly swollen.....Trematocarpus
64. Axes dichotomously branched.......................................................................................................Polyopes64. Axes pinnately branched..........................................................................................................................65
65. Tetrasporangia in immersed sori .......................................................................................Chondracanthus
250 J. RULL LLUCH
65. Tetrasporangia scattered ...........................................................................................................Grateloupia
66. Plants consisting of solid terete axes; polysiphonous structure, if present, not clearly distinguishable .......6766. Plants filamentous, uniseriate or with a clearly polysiphonous structure; cortication present or absent ......78
67. In cross section a central cell clearly differentiated ................................................................................6867. In cross section a central cell not clearly differentiated ..........................................................................70
68. In longitudinal section, each cell of the central filament bearing two laterals inserted at slightly different heights and set at about right angles......................................................Caulacanthus
68. In longitudinal section structure not as above .........................................................................................69
69. Axes dichotomously branched.......................................................................................................Heringia69. Axes irregularly branched................................................................................................................Hypnea
70. Medulla filamentous ..................................................................................................................Sarcothalia70. Medulla pseudo-parenchymatous.............................................................................................................71
71. Main branching pattern of the plant dichotomous...................................................................................7271. Branching pattern irregular ......................................................................................................................75
72. Cells of central medulla smaller than those of the outer medulla and subcortex; tetrasporangia zonate............................................................................................................Trematocarpus
72. Cells of the central medulla more or less of the same size or larger than those of the outer medulla and subcortex; tetrasporangia zonate or cruciate........................................................73
73. Tetrasporangia zonate ....................................................................................................................Heringia73. Tetrasporangia cruciate ............................................................................................................................74
74. Tetrasporangia developed in crustose plants (heteromorphic life-history).............................Ahnfeltiopsis74. Tetrasporangia developed in erect plants (in wart-like nemathecia)...................................Gymnogongrus
75. In cross section, medullary cells rarely over 200 µm in greater diameter...............................................7675. In cross section, medullary cells up to 500 µm in greater diameter........................................................77
76. Tetrasporangia zonately divided ......................................................................................................Hypnea76. Tetrasporangia tetrahedrally divided ............................................................................................Chondria
77. Cystocarps with tubular nutritive cells connecting the gonimoblast with the pericarp..............Gracilaria77. Cystocarps without this sort of nutritive cells ......................................................................Gracilariopsis
78. Plants consisting of uniseriate filaments, either corticate or ecorticate...................................................7978. Plants with a clearly polysiphonous structure .......................................................................................101
79. Plants largely parasitic on other algae (only the reproductive structures external).................................8079. Plants not obviously parasitic ..................................................................................................................81
80. Reproductive structures multicellular, more or less conical or elliptic in shape; plants growing on Polysiphonia scopulorum ........................................................................................Aiolocolax
80. Reproductive structures unicellular; plants growing on several algae, mainly on Ceramiaceae......................................................................................................................Acrochaetium
81. Cells without pit connections...................................................................................................................82
MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE OF NAMIBIA 251
81. Cells with pit connections........................................................................................................................83
82. Plants consisting of uniseriate or irregularly arranged cells within a thick gelatinous sheath ...Stylonema82. Plants strictly uniseriate, lacking a gelatinous sheath...........................................................Erythrotrichia
83. Plants less than 1 cm in height, consisting of filaments usually less than 20 µm in diameter; reproduction mainly by monospores .......................................................................................84
83. Plants usually more than 1 cm in height, consisting of filaments often more than 20 µm in diameter (up to several hundred µm); reproduction mainly by tetraspores (monospores little frequent) .....................................................................................................................85
84. Cells with one plastid and a pyrenoid.............................................Acrochaetium (Colaconema included)84. Cells with more than one plastids and without pyrenoids .......................................................Audouinella
85. Filaments corticated; cortication developed from a ring of pericentral cells ..........................................8685. Filaments uncorticated or with a rhizoidal cortication ............................................................................87
86. Cortication complete; cortical cells rectangular or square, regularly arranged in straight longitudinal rows ......................................................................................................................Centroceras
86. Cortication complete or incomplete and thus showing cortical nodal bands and ecorticate internodal bands; cortical cells not regularly arranged in straight longitudinal rows ................Ceramium
87. Filaments uncorticated throughout...........................................................................................................8887. Filaments with a more or less extensive rhizoidal cortication.................................................................96
88. Plants clearly differentiated into prostrate and erect filaments ...............................................................8988. Plants mainly erect; prostrate filaments little developed or lacking........................................................91
89. Tetrasporophyte developing directly from the fertilized carpogonium, lacking carposporophyte...................................................................................................Rhodothamniella
89. Carposporophyte present..........................................................................................................................90
90. Carposporophyte surrounded by involucral filaments ..........................................................Ptilothamnion90. Carposporophyte not surrounded by involucral filaments...................................................Lomathamnion
91. Main axis with two or more laterals per cell ...........................................................................................9291. Main axis with one lateral per cell, or plants with a dichotomous branching pattern ............................94
92. Main axis with two laterals per cell.........................................................................................................9392. Main axis with three or more laterals per cell .................................................................Antithamnionella
93. Apex of main axis over 50 µm in diameter; gland cells absent.........................................................Ballia93. Apex of main axis less than 20 µm in diameter; gland cells usually present........................Antithamnion
94. Branching secund .....................................................................................................................Anotrichium94. Branching dichotomous ...........................................................................................................................95
95. Reproductive structures in compact branch systems, lateral on the filaments ..............................Bornetia95. Reproductive structures in whorls on subapical cells (male and tetrasporangial),
or terminal (female) .....................................................................................................................Griffithsia
96. Laterals alternate and distichously arranged............................................................................................97
252 J. RULL LLUCH
96. Laterals spirally arranged.........................................................................................................................99
97. Determinate laterals unbranched or once or twice forked at the proximal end............................Euptilota97. Determinate laterals pinnately branched..................................................................................................98
98. Cells uninucleate; rhizoidal filaments not forming secondary connections to other cells; carposporophyte without involucral filaments ....................................................................Aglaothamnion
98. Cells multinucleate; rhizoidal filaments forming conspicuous secondary connections to other cells; carposporophyte with involucral filaments ..................................................Pleonosporium
99. Carposporophyte with involucral filaments.........................................................................Pleonosporium99. Carposporophyte without involucral filaments ......................................................................................100
100.Tetrasporophyte forming polysporangia instead of tetrasporangia.....................................Aristothamnion100.Tetrasporophyte forming tetrasporangia (sometimes bisporangia).....................................Aglaothamnion
101.Branching sympodial, at regular intervals the main axis developing into a pseudolateral; pseudolaterals often in part uniseriate, pigmented ................................................................................102
101.Branching monopodial; uniseriate filaments (trichoblasts), if present, usually colourless ...................103
102.Pseudolaterals spirally arranged, arising from every segment of the polysiphonous main axis.......Dasya102.Pseudolaterals distichously arranged, arising at intervals of two or more segments..........Heterosiphonia
103.Polysiphonous nature of plant completely obscured by cortication; axes with 5 pericentral cells;............................................................................................................................Chondria
103.Polysiphonous nature visible at least in distal parts of the plant; axes with 4 or more pericentral cells ......................................................................................................................................104
104.Pericentral cells transversely divided ..........................................................................................Bostrichia104.Pericentral cells not transversely divided ..............................................................................................105
105.Main axes bearing determinate and indeterminate laterals in more or less regular sequence, mostly with 3 determinate laterals between successive indeterminate laterals ...................Herposiphonia
105.Branching pattern not as above..............................................................................................................106
106.Plants with relatively extensive prostrate axes from which several relatively short erect axes arise....107106.Plants mainly erect, although relatively short prostrate axes may occur ..............................................108
107.Pericentral cells 4; one tetrasporangium per segment.............................................................Polysiphonia107.Pericentral cells 12-28; two tetrasporangia per segment.......................................................Ophidocladus
108.Axes with determinate laterals at intervals of 2-3(-4) segments, alternate and distichously arranged in the lower half of the plant and spirally arranged in the upper part ........................Tayloriella
108.Branching pattern not as above..............................................................................................................109
109.Apical zone of the plant with branch initials and trichoblasts unilaterally arranged, adaxial; first pericentral cell cut off opposite a lateral branch.............................................................Streblocladia
109.Apical zone of the plant with branch initials and trichoblasts spirally arranged; first pericentral cell cut off directly underneath a lateral branch ...................................................Polysiphonia
MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE OF NAMIBIA 253
CHROMOPHYTA (PHAEOPHYCEAE)
1. Plants crustose, without free erect parts ....................................................................................................21. Plants with free erect parts.........................................................................................................................5
2. Plants leathery; erect filaments more or less firmly adherent, not separating under slight pressure ........32. Plants gelatinous; erect filaments loosely adherent and easily separating under slight pressure..............4
3. Erect filaments curved at base and heavily adjoined, almost impossible to separate under pressure ...................................................................................................................................Ralfsia
3. Erect filaments vertically directed and moderately adjoined, separating somewhat under pressure ............................................................................................................................Stragularia
4. Cells with several discoid plastids ...............................................................................................Basispora4. Cells with one to few laminate plastids .........................................................................Hapalospongidion
5. Plants consisting mainly of uniseriate filaments........................................................................................65. Plants with a more complex structure........................................................................................................9
6. Cells with plastids arranged in stellate groups; sporangia intercalary ...................................... Bachelotia6. Plastids not as above; sporangia lateral or terminal ..................................................................................7
7. Plastids elongate (ribbon shaped), each with several pyrenoids ...............................................Ectocarpus7. Plastids discoid or ovoid, each with usually one pyrenoid........................................................................8
8. Meristematic zones usually located at the base of long, unbranched filaments.......................Feldmannia8. Meristematic zones scattered throughout the plant .......................................................................Hincksia
9. Plants irregularly globose.........................................................................................................................109. Plants of another form..............................................................................................................................11
10. Plants pseudo-parenchymatous in structure, easily squashed into constituent filaments under pressure...............................................................................................................Leathesia
10. Plants parenchymatous in structure, not squashed into constituent filaments...............................................................................................................................................................................................Colpomenia
11. Plants tubular, unbranched, constricted at intervals .................................................................Scytosiphon11. Plants of another form..............................................................................................................................12
12. Plants foliose or with flattened parts .......................................................................................................1312. Plants without flattened parts...................................................................................................................18
13. Plants consisting of simple and more or less lanceolate blades shortly stipitate ....................................1413. Plants of another form..............................................................................................................................15
14. Central medulla loosely filamentous ........................................................................................Endarachne14. Central medulla mainly parenchymatous .....................................................................................Petalonia
15. Plants consisting of fan-shaped blades ...........................................................................................Zonaria15. Plants of another form..............................................................................................................................16
16. Plants differentiated into a rhizomatous holdfast, a more or less long cylindrical stipe and
254 J. RULL LLUCH
a terminal blade........................................................................................................................................1716. Plants not so differentiated, consisting of shortly stipitate flattened axes,
once or twice pinnately branched, and with midrib and lateral veins .....................................Desmarestia
17. Terminal blade palmate ...............................................................................................................Laminaria17. Terminal blade compound and pinnate..........................................................................................Ecklonia
18. Ultimate branches clearly polysiphonous, with a relatively large apical cell..........................Stypocaulon18. Ultimate branches not polysiphonous; apical cell not so large ...............................................................19
19. Plants with a soft, filamentous central core and a mantle of free assimilatory filaments .......................2019. Plants solid, without emergent free assimilatory filaments .....................................................................21
20. Axes 4-6(-9) mm in diameter; central core rather loose ...........................................................Myriogloea20. Axes 2-3 mm in diameter; central core fairly solid..............................................................Papenfussiella
21. Axes less than 1 mm in diameter, bearing many laterals usually unbranched........................................2221. Axes more than 1 mm in diameter (up to 1 cm); laterals not especially plentiful or crowded ..Splachnidium
22. Cortex compact; paraphyses unicellular ...............................................................................Chordariopsis22. Cortex consisting of loose assimilatory filaments; paraphyses multicellular .............................Chordaria
CHLOROPHYTA (ULVOPHYCEAE, CLADOPHOROPHYCEAE AND BRYOPSIDOPHYCEAE)
1. Plants microscopic, consisting of prostrate, branched uniseriate filaments, sometimes forming pseudo-parenchymatous discs....................................................................................................................2
1. Plants macroscopic, filamentous, pseudo-prenchymatous or parenchymatous.........................................4
2. Plants forming pseudo-parenchymatous discs consisting of radiating filaments more or less laterally confluent ...............................................................................................................................3
2. Plants not forming discs; filaments not confluent......................................................................Entocladia
3. Radiating filaments laterally confluent throughout, forming regular discs .....................................Ulvella3. Radiating filaments distally free; discs less regular ..................................................................Stromatella
4. Plants filamentous ......................................................................................................................................54. Plants with a pseudo-parenchymatous or parenchymatous structure ........................................................8
5. Plants consisting of uniseriate filaments, either branched or unbranched.................................................65. Plants consisting of coenocytic filaments ..................................................................................................7
6. Filaments unbranched ..........................................................................................................Chaetomorpha6. Filaments branched ...................................................................................................................Cladophora
7. Plants forming soft tufts of loosely branched filaments arising from a prostrate system of interwoven filaments; reproductive cells formed in lateral outgrowths of filaments .............Pedobesia
7. Plants bushy or caespitose, with the erect axes wholly or partially clothed with small branchlets either distichous or spirally arranged; reproductive cells formed in the ultimate branchlets ...................................................................................................................Bryopsis
8. Plants internally differentiated into a medulla of interwoven, coenocytic, colourless
MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE OF NAMIBIA 255
filaments and a peripheral cortex of pigmented utricles (swollen filament ends) bearing hairs and gametangia..........................................................................................................Codium
8. Plants not so differentiated.........................................................................................................................9
9. Plants foliaceous, distromatic throughout ............................................................................................Ulva9. Plants tubular and hollow, at least near the base and margins .............................................Enteromorpha
256 J. RULL LLUCH
MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE OF NAMIBIA 257
Acrochaetium catenulatum 38Acrochaetium daviesii 39Acrochaetium endophyticum 40Acrochaetium reductum 41Acrochaetium secundatum 41Acrochaetium sp. 43Acrosorium cincinnatum 130Aeodes orbitosa 53Aglaothamnion hookeri 103Ahnfeltiopsis glomerata 84Ahnfeltiopsis vermicularis 85Aiolocolax pulchellus 160Antithamnion diminuatum
var. diminuatum 104var. polyglandulum 105
Antithamnion secundum 106Antithamnionella verticillata 107Aristothamnion collabens 108
Bachelotia antillarum 165Ballia sertularioides 109Bornetia repens 110Bryopsis hypnoides 192
Carpoblepharis minima 111Caulacanthus ustulatus 69Centroceras clavulatum 112Ceramium arenarium 114Ceramium atrorubescens 115Ceramium flaccidum 117Ceramium planum 119Ceramium sp. 120Chaetomorpha aerea 187Chaetomorpha robusta 188Chondria capensis 138Chordariopsis capensis 171Cladophora capensis 189Cladophora flagelliformis 190Cladophora hospita 191Codium decorticatum 194Codium fragile subsp. capense 195Corallina sp. 62Corallinaceae ind. 68
Delesseriaceae ind. 1 135Delesseriaceae ind. 2 136
Ectocarpus fasciculatus 162Enteromorpha flexuosa 179
Enteromorpha intestinalis 180Enteromorpha linza 181Entocladia leptochaete 176
Feldmannia irregularis 163
Gastroclonium reflexum 96Gelidium pusillum 47Gigartina bracteata 73Gracilariopsis longissima 51Grateloupia doryphora 55Grateloupia filicina 56Griffithsia confervoides 122Gymnogongrus dilatatus 87Gymnogongrus sp. 88
Haematocelis epiphytica “stadium” 91Hapalospongidion sp. 166Heringia mirabilis 71Heterosiphonia crispella
var. crispella 127var. laxa 128
Heterosiphonia dubia 129Hildenbrandia crouanii 61Hildenbrandia rubra 62Hincksia granulosa 164Hypnea ecklonii 77Hypnea spicifera 80Hypnea sp. 81
Kallymenia schizophylla 82
Laminaria pallida 175Lithophyllum neoatalayense 64
Mazzaella capensis 75Melobesia membranacea 65Microcladia gloria-spei 123Myriogramme livida 132
Nothogenia erinacea 45
Ophidocladus simpliciusculus 139
Pachymenia carnosa 57Petalonia fascia 173Phyllymenia belangeri 59Placophora binderi 140Platysiphonia intermedia 133
TAXONOMIC INDEX
258 J. RULL LLUCH
Pleonosporium filicinum 124Plocamium glomeratum 92Plocamium rigidum 94Polysiphonia incompta 142Polysiphonia namibiensis 144Polysiphonia nigra 145Polysiphonia scopulorum 147Polysiphonia virgata 149Porphyra capensis 33Porphyra saldanhae 35Porphyra sp. 37Pterosiphonia complanata 151Pterosiphonia cf. dendroidea 153Ptilothamnion polysporum 126
Ralfsia expansa 169Rhodophyllis reptans 72Rhodothamniella floridula 44Rhodymenia capensis 98
Rhodymenia natalensis 99Rhodymenia obtusa 101Rhodymeniaceae ind. 102
Schizymenia apoda 89Stragularia clavata 170Streblocladia camptoclada 155Streblocladia corymbifera 157Stylonema alsidii 32Stylonema cornu-cervi 33Suhria vittata 49Synarthrophyton munimentum 66
Tayloriella tenebrosa 159
Ulva capensis 183Ulva fasciata 184Ulva rigida 185Ulvella lens 177
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FOREWORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Rull Lluch, J. – Marine benthic algae of Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-256
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-20Catalogue of marine benthic algae of Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-31Systematic treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-196
Rhodophyta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-161Chromophyta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161-176Chlorophyta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176-196
Biogeographical aspects of the marine benthic flora of Namibia. . . . . . . . . . . . 196-208Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208-209References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209-221Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225-228Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231-243Keys of the genera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247-256
TAXONOMIC INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257-258
C O N T E N T S SCI. MAR. 66 (Suppl. 3): 1-258, 2002