acute labyrinitis

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8/9/2019 acute labyrinitis http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/acute-labyrinitis 1/4 CLINICAL WORK IN GENERAL PRACTICE Acute labyrinthitis: a possible association with influenza G. C. BRILL, MB, B.CHIR, FRCGP General Practitioner, Alresford, Hants SUMMARY. Acute labyrinthitis occurs annually in one in 600 patients, mostly adults in our practice, and lasts for up to two weeks. It may be related to several different viral infections, the commonest of which is influenza A. In an influ¬ enza epidemic there was an incidence of the syndrome in one in 100 cases. In the majority of cases there was no demonstrable cause and the aetiology remains speculative. It is suggested that some cases may be associated with viruses as yet unidentified. Introduction CUTE vertigo is a reasonably common presenting symptom in general practice. It usually comprises a syndrome including nausea, vomiting and other pre¬ dominantly upper respiratory symptoms. It is well de¬ scribed in Update 1979): The characteristic clinical features consist of onset of attack on first awakening in the morning or during the night, intense vertigo on raising the head off the pillow and, on attempting to get up, a sensation of failing which, in severe cases, makes it impossible to remain erect, so that the victim may have to crawl on hands and knees. Accompanying symptoms ar e intense malaise, anxiety and apprehension and nausea and vomiting, Nystagmus may be present but there are no specific signs. The usual course is a gradual and spontaneous improvement over two or three days but with the sensation of vertigo being precipitated by sudden move¬ ments of the head for two to three weeks. The syndrome has been described as epidemic vertigo by Charters (1957) and Pedersen 1959), vestibular neuron itis by Hallpike (1949) and Harrison (1969) and as paroxysmal positional vertigo in Update (1979). This perhaps indicates that no one is quite sure of the exact site of the lesion. I prefer the term acute labyrinthitis as being more comprehensive, and because hearing may be affected. I became interested in the condition in general prac¬ tice, and noticed that it seemed to be more common © Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1982, 32, 47-50. during the winter, especially at the times of influenza epidemics. Walford (1952) and Kuenssberg (1955) de¬ scribed cases of vertigo in association with influenza. Pedersen (1959) had done viral studies with negative results, but had not tested for the influenza virus. He described the association with encephalitis as noted by Poston (1926) and distinguished two types of case, one with predominantly upper respiratory and the other with gastro-intestinal symptoms. Williams (1963) described rises in Coxsackie anti¬ bodies in children with this condition. I made a preliminary study of 13 cases in 1973which confirmed the association with an influenza epidemic, and I decided to carry out a more detailed study to try to determine more accurately the cause of the syndrome. Method The Practice I work in a semi-rural practice based in a country town in Hampshire. During the period of the study (1976-79) the number of our patients remained fairly constant at around 8,200. Seventeen per cent of our patients are over the age of 65. We have four full-time male partners, a half-time woman partner and, forthe past two years, a trainee. The patients I asked all my partners to refer all cases of acute vertigo to me, and I personally s w at least twice all the 50 cases described. I excludedfrom the study three patients with acute vertigo: the first was a 44-year-old man who subsequently proved to have Meniere s disease; the second w s a 17-year-old girl who had a vascular lesion as a result of taking an oral contraceptive; the third w s a 75-year-old man who presented with vertigo and an influenzal illness, which proceeded to mild jaundice and progressive renal failure. He was admitted to hospital but died a weeklater and no definite cause of the illness was found at post-mortem. One patient appears twice, as case numbers 12 and 47. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, January 1982 47

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Page 1: acute labyrinitis

8/9/2019 acute labyrinitis

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/acute-labyrinitis 1/4

C L I N I C A LWORKI NG E N E R A LP R A C T I C E

A c u t e l a b y r i n t h i t i s :a p o s s i b l ea s s o c i a t i o nw i t hi n f l u e n z aG .C . B R I L L ,M B ,B . C H I R ,FRCGP

G e n e r a lP r a c t i t i o n e r ,A l r e s f o r d ,H a n t s

SUMMARY.A c u t e l a b y r i n t h i t i soccurs a n n u a l l yi n one i n 6 0 0 p a t i e n t s ,m o s t l ya d u l t si n ou r

p r a c t i c e ,a n d l a s t sf o rup t o two w e e k s .I t ma y b er e l a t e dt o s e v e r a ld i f f e r e n tv i r a li n f e c t i o n s ,t h ecommonest o f w h i c hi s i n f l u e n z aA . I n a n i n f l u ¬e n z a e p i d e m i ct h e r ewas a n i n c i d e n c eo f t h es y n d r o m ei n one i n 1 0 0 cases. I n t h em a j o r i t yo fcases t h e r ewas no d e m o n s t r a b l ecau se a n d t h ea e t i o l o g yr e m a i n s s p e c u l a t i v e .I t i s s u g g e s t e dt h a tsome cases may b e a s s o c i a t e dw i t h v i r u s e sas y e tu n i d e n t i f i e d .

I n t r o d u c t i o n C U T E v e r t i g oi s a r e a s o n a b l ycommon p r e s e n t i n g

s y m p t o mi ng e n e r a lp r a c t i c e .I t u s u a l l yc o m p r i s e sa

s y n d r o m ei n c l u d i n gn a u s e a , v o m i t i n ga n d o t h e rp r e ¬d o m i n a n t l yu p p e r r e s p i r a t o r ys y m p t o m s .I t i s w e l ld e ¬s c r i b e di n U p d a t e 1 9 7 9 ) :

T h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i cc l i n i c a lf e a t u r e sc o n s i s to f o n s e t o fa t t a c ko n f i r s ta w a k e n i n gi n t h em o r n i n gor d u r i n gt h en i g h t ,i n t e n s ev e r t i g oon r a i s i n gt h eh e a d o f f t h ep i l l o wa n d ,o n a t t e m p t i n gt o g e tu p , a s e n s a t i o no f f a i l i n gw h i c h ,i n severe c a s e s , m a k e si t i m p o s s i b l et o r e m a i ne r e c t ,so t h a tt h ev i c t i mmay h a v et o c r a w lo n h a n d sa n dk n e e s .A c c o m p a n y i n gs y m p t o m sar e i n t e n s em a l a i s e ,a n x i e t ya n d a p p r e h e n s i o na n d n a u se a a n d v o m i t i n g ,N y s t a g m u smay b e p r e s e n tb u t t h e r eare n o s p e c i f i cs i g n s .T h e u s u a lcourse i s a g r a d u a la n d s p o n t a n e o u si m p r o v e m e n tover tw o or t h r e ed a y sb u t w i t h t h es e n s a t i o no f v e r t i g ob e i n gp r e c i p i t a t e db ys u d d e nm o v e ¬m e n t s o f t h eh e a d f o rtw o t o t h r e ew e e k s .

T h es y n d r o m eh a s b e e nd e s c r i b e das e p i d e m i cv e r t i g ob yC h a r t e r s( 1 9 5 7 )a n d P e d e r s e n 1 9 5 9 ) ,v e s t i b u l a rneuron

i t i s b yH a l l p i k e( 1 9 4 9 )a n d H a r r i s o n ( 1 9 6 9 )a n d as

p a r o x y s m a lp o s i t i o n a lv e r t i g oi n U p d a t e( 1 9 7 9 ) .T h i s

p e r h a p si n d i c a t e st h a tn o o n e i s q u i t esure o f t h e e x a c t

s i t eo f t h el e s i o n .I p r e f e rt h eterm a c u t el a b y r i n t h i t i sas b e i n gmore c o m p r e h e n s i v e ,a n d b e c a u s eh e a r i n gmayb e a f f e c t e d .

I b e c a m ei n t e r e s t e di n t h e c o n d i t i o ni n g e n e r a lp r a c ¬t i c e ,a n d n o t i c e dt h a ti t s e e m e dt o b e more common

© J o u r n a lo ft h eR o y a lC o l l e g eo fG e n e r a lP r a c t i t i o n e r s ,1 9 8 2 ,3 2 ,4 7 - 5 0 .

d u r i n gt h ew i n t e r ,e s p e c i a l l ya t t h et i m e so f i n f l u e n z ae p i d e m i c s .W a l f o r d( 1 9 5 2 )a n d K u e n s s b e r g( 1 9 5 5 )d e ¬s c r i b e dcases o f v e r t i g oi n a s s o c i a t i o nw i t h i n f l u e n z a .P e d e r s e n ( 1 9 5 9 )h a d d o n e v i r a ls t u d i e sw i t h n e g a t i v er e s u l t s ,b u t h a d n o t t e s t e df o rt h ei n f l u e n z av i r u s .H ed e s c r i b e dt h ea s s o c i a t i o nw i t h e n c e p h a l i t i sas n o t e d b yP o s t o n( 1 9 2 6 )a n d d i s t i n g u i s h e dtwo t y p e so f c a s e , o n e

w i t h p r e d o m i n a n t l yu p p e r r e s p i r a t o r ya n d t h e o t h e rw i t h g a s t r o - i n t e s t i n a ls y m p t o m s .

W i l l i a m s( 1 9 6 3 )d e s c r i b e dr i s e si n C o x s a c k i ea n t i ¬b o d i e si n c h i l d r e nw i t h t h i sc o n d i t i o n .

I m a d ea p r e l i m i n a r ys t u d yo f 1 3cases i n 1 9 7 3w h i c hc o n f i r m e dt h e a s s o c i a t i o nw i t h a n i n f l u e n z ae p i d e m i c ,a n dI d e c i d e dt o c a r r y o u t a more d e t a i l e ds t u d yt o t r yt od e t e r m i n emore a c c u r a t e l yt h ecause o f t h es y n d r o m e .

M e t h o d

T h eP r a c t i c e

I w o r ki n a s e m i - r u r a lp r a c t i c eb a s e di n a c o u n t r ytowni nH a m p s h i r e .D u r i n gt h ep e r i o do f t h es t u d y( 1 9 7 6 - 7 9 )t h en u m b e ro f our p a t i e n t sr e m a i n e df a i r l yc o n s t a n t a t

a r o u n d8 , 2 0 0 .S e v e n t e e np e r c e n t o f our p a t i e n t sare

o v e r t h e a g e o f 6 5 . We h a v e f o u r f u l l - t i m em a l ep a r t n e r s ,a h a l f - t i m ewoman p a r t n e ra n d ,f o r t h ep a s ttw o y e a r s ,a t r a i n e e .

T h ep a t i e n t sI a s k e da l lm y p a r t n e r st o r e f e ra l lcases o f a c u t e v e r t i g ot o m e , a n d I p e r s o n a l l ys w a t l e a s tt w i c ea l lt h e5 0 cases

d e s c r i b e d .I e x c l u d e df r o mt h es t u d yt h r e ep a t i e n t sw i t ha c u t e v e r t i g o :t h e f i r s tw a s a 4 4 - y e a r - o l dman wh os u b s e q u e n t l yp r o v e dt o h a v e M e n i e r e s d i s e a s e ;t h es e c o n dw s a 1 7 - y e a r - o l dg i r lwho h a d a v a s c u l a rl e s i o na s a r e s u l to f t a k i n ga n o r a lc o n t r a c e p t i v e ;t h et h i r dw s

a 7 5 - y e a r - o l dman wh o p r e s e n t e dw i t h v e r t i g oa n d a n

i n f l u e n z a li l l n e s s ,w h i c hp r o c e e d e dt o m i l dj a u n d i c ea n dp r o g r e s s i v er e n a lf a i l u r e .H e w a s a d m i t t e dt o h o s p i t a lb ut d ie da w e e kl a t e ra n d no d e f i n i t ecause o f t h e i l l n e s sw a s f o u n da t p o s t - m o r t e m .

One p a t i e n ta p p e a r st w i c e ,as case n u m b e r s1 2 a n d4 7 .

J o u r n a lo ft h e R o y a lC o l l e g eo fG e n e r a lP r a c t i t i o n e r s ,J a n u a r y1 9 8 2 4 7

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C l i n i c a lW o r ki n G e n e r a lP r a c t i c e

H e r s e c o n da t t a c kp r o v e dt o b e a s s o c i a t e dw i t h r u b e l l a( a n t i b o d yt i t r e1 / 1 , 2 8 0 ) .T h e r ew a s n o r a s hb u t s h ed i dh a v et h eu s u a ls y m p t o m so f a r t h r i t i s .A n o t h e rp a t i e n th a d a v e r y m i l drecurrence w h i c ho n l yl a s t e da f e wd a y sa n d w a s a s s o c i a t e dw i t h an u p p e r r e s p i r a t o r yt r a c ti n f e c t i o n .

F o r t y - e i g h to f t h ep a t i e n t sare s t i l li nt h ep r a c t i c e ;on e

m o v e da n d t h eo t h e rd i e d .T h e l a t t e rh a dp s i t t a c o s i sw i t h v e r t i g oa s t h ep r e s e n t i n gs y m p t o m .H i s f i r s ta n t i ¬

b o d yt i t r e( 1 / 3 2 0 )w a s t o h a n dw h e nh e d e v e l o p e dc h e s ts i g n s ,a n d so I w a s a b l et o t r e a t h i m a t once w i t h

t e t r a c y c l i n e .S o f a r I h a v e k n o w no f n o o t h e rr e c u r -

r e n c e s .

H i s t o r yI n o t e dt h ep a t i e n t sa g e ,se x a n d e x a c t d a t eo f o n s e t o f

s y m p t o m s .T h e c r i t e r i o nf o r i n c l u s i o nw a s t h ea c u t eo n s e t o f r o t a t i o n a ld i s e q u i l i b r i u m ,w i t h s y m p t o m sl a s t ¬

i n ga t l e a s ttw o d a y s .I n o t e dt h ep r e s e n c eor a b s e n c eo fn a u s e a , v o m i t i n g ,d i a r r h o e a ,h e a d a c h e ,c o r y z a , d e a f ¬ness a n d t i n n i t u s .

A g e

T h e r a n g ew a s f i v et o 8 0 y e a r s ,w i t h a m e d i a no f 4 2 . 5a n d a n a v e r a g e o f 4 5 , 7y e a r s .T h e r e w e r e o n l ytwoc h i l d r e ni n t h es e r i e s .

I n c i d e n c e

T h e r ewere 5 0 cases i n t h r e ea n d a h a l fy e a r s .T h i sg a v ean a n n u a l i n c i d e n c eo f 1 4 i n our 8 , 2 0 0p a t i e n t s ,or

a p p r o x i m a t e l yon e i n 6 0 0 .T h e N a t i o n a lM o r b i d i tS u r v e yi n 1 9 7 0 - 7 1( O P C S ,1 9 7 4 )g i v e s7 . 6p e r 1 , 0 0 0as

t h ea n n u a lc o n s u l t i n gr a t e f o rv e r t i g o .T h e r ew a s a d i s t i n c ta s s o c i a t i o nw i t h t h et i m e o f y e a r :

e x c l u d i n go n e i n f l u e n z ac a s e , o n l y1 0p a t i e n t sp r e s e n t e di n t h es i xm o n t h so f A p r i lt o S e p t e m b e ri n c l u s i v e .

D u r a t i o n

T h e a v e r a g e w a s t h e two w e e k s d e s c r i b e db ymost

o b s e r v e r s ,w i t h a maximum o f f o u r m o n t h si n on e

p a t i e n t .T h i s woman a n d on e o t h e rw e r e r e f e r r e df o ra n

ENT o p i n i o n ,w h i ch c o n f i r me dou r d i a g n o s i s .

E x a m i n a t i o n

T h e r eare f e wp h y s i c a ls i g n si nt h i ss y n d r o m e .T h eo n l ytwo n o t e d c o n s i s t e n t l yw e r e f e v e r( o v e r3 7° C )a n dn y s t a g m u s .I na f e wp a t i e n t sI n o t e da s l i g h tp i n k n e s so ft h eea r d r u mb u t n o n e o f t h ep a t i e n t sp r o c e e d e dt o a c u t eo t i t i sm e d i a .

I n v e s t i g a t i o n sI n i t i a l l yI t o o k s w a b sf o rv i r u sc u l t u r ef r o m a l l t h ep a t i e n t s .I f t h es y m p t o m swere m o s t l yu p p e rr e s p i r a t o r yI t o o k a t h r o a ts w a ba n d i f g a s t r o - i n t e s t i n a l ,a r e c t a ls w a b . I a l s ot r i e dt o t a k etwo p a i r e ds e r a f o r v i r a la n t i b o d ys t u d i e sa t 1 0t o 4 d a y si n t e r v a l s .T h em i c r o -o r g a n i s m st e s t e di nt h el a b o r a t o r ya t W i n c h e s t e rw e r e a s

f o l l o w s :

I n f l u e n z a

I n f l u e n z aBI n f l u e n z aCP a r a i n f l u e n z aM u m p sSM u m p sV

C . b u r n e t t e i( Q )P s i t t a c o s i s / L G V

H e r p e ss i m p l e xM e a s l e sC o x s a c k i eBM y c o p l a s m ap n e u m o n i a e

R e s p i r a t o r ys y n c y t i a lv i r u sL e p t o s p i r aA d e n o v i r u s

R e s u l t s

T h e s eare s u m m a r i z e di n t h eT a b l e .

S e x

T h e r ew e r e 2 6 f em a l ea n d 2 4 m a l ep a t i e n t s .

S y m p t o m s

T h e s ea l s oar e s u m m a r i z e di n t h eT a b l e .N a u s e aw a s

a l m o s ti n v a r i a b l ea n dh e a d a c h ea n dv o m i t i n gw e r e v e r ycommon S y m p t o m sr e f e r a b l et o t h ee a r o c c u r r e di n a

q u a r t e r ,b u t d i a r r h o e a was uncommon One p a t i e n tc o m p l a i n e ds p o n t a n e o u s l yo f h y p e r a c u s i s .T h e p l a c ew h e r et h ep a t i e n tw a s f i r s tseen g i v e sa n a p p r o x i m ai n d i c a t i o no f t h es e v e r i t yo f t h es y m p t o m s :t h em a j o r i t ywere seen a t h o m e ,i n d i c a t i n gt h a tt h i si s a n a c u t e ,d i s a b l i n ga n d i n d e e da l a r m i n gc o n d i t i o n .

S i g n sT h i r t e e np a t i e n t sh a d f e v e rw h e nI sa w t h e m ,b u t o t h e r smay h a v e h a d i t a t o t h e rt i m e si n t h ecourse o f t h ei l l n e s s .S i m i l a r l y ,2 0 p a t i e n t sh a dn y s t a g m u s ;t h ee a r l i e rt h e ywere seen t h emore l i k e l yi t w a s t o b e n o t i c e d .

V i r o l o g yI a b a n d o n e dm y a t t e m p tt o i s o l a t ev i r u s e sa f t e rt h ef i r s t2 0 or so p a t i e n t s ,a s I h a d n o p o s i t i v e se v e n i n t h o s ew h e r ei n f e c t i o nw a s p r o v e db ya n t i b o d ys t u d i e s .I f e l tt h a tt h et r o u b l ea n d e x p e n s ew e r e u n j u s t i f i a b l e .I w as

a b l et o g e ts e r i a la n t i b o d i e son 4 3 p a t i e n t s ,w i t h t h e 1 2

p o s i t i v er e s u l t sn o t e d . p o s i t i v er e s u l tw as on e i nw h i c ha f o u r f o l dr i s ei n a n t i b o d i e so c c u r r e d ,or w h e r et h e r ew a s a s i n g l et i t r eo f a t l e a s t1 / 3 2 0 . I d i dn o t t h i n ki t

j u s t i f i a b l et o t a k e b l o o d f r o m t h e t w o c h i l d r e n ,a n do t h e r sw e r e e x c l u d e d b e c a u s e I was u n a b l e t o g e ta

s e c o n ds p e c i m e n .F i v e p a t i e n t sh a d c l i n i c a li n f l u e n z a

f e v e r ,m a l a i s e ,m y a l g i aa n dc o u g ho f a c u t e o n s e t )b u tn o d e f i n i t ev i r a lp r o o fo f t h e i l l n e s s .

4 8 J o u r n a lo ft h eR o y a lC o l l e g eo fG e n e r a lP r a c t i t i o n e r s ,J a n u a r y1 9 8 2

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C l i n i c a lW o r ki n G e n e r a lP r a c t i c e

I n f e c t i v i t yT h i s a p p e a r e dt o b e e x t r e m e l yl o w .T h e r e w a s o n ei n s t a n c eo f a m o t h e rw h o s es o n d e v e l o p e dt h esam e

s y m p t o m sa w e e k l a t e r .One h u s b a n da n d w i f e w e r ea f f e c t e d ,b u t w i t h a n i n t e r v a lo f o v e r a y e a r .

D i s c u s s i o n

I n t h i ss t u d ys i xv i r a lor r i c k e t t s i a la g e n t sw e r e f o u n dt ob e a s s o c i a t e dw i t h t h i ss y n d r o m e ,w i t h i n f l u e n z a b yf a rt h ecommonest. I t i s p o s s i b l et h a t ( n e a r l y2 5 p e rc e n t )o f a l lt h ecases w e r e c o n n e c t e dw i t h i n f l u e n z aor

J o u r n a lo f t h eR o y a lC o l l e g eo fG e n e r a lP r a c t i t i o n e r s ,J a n u a r y1 9 8 2 4 9

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C l i n i c a lW o r ki n G e n e r a lP r a c t i c e

t

ACCOMMODATIONC h a r g e sf o rc o l l e g ea c c o m m o d a t i o na r er e d u c e df o rf e l l o w s ,m e m b e r sa n d a s s o c i a t e s .M e m b e r so fo v e r s e a sc o l l e g e s a r ew e l c o m ew h e n r o o m sa r ea v a i l a b l e ,b u tp a y t h ef u l lr a t e .A l lc h a r g e sf o ra c c o m m o d a t i o ni n c l u d ea s u b s t a n t i a lb r e a k f a s ta n dn o wi n c l u d es e r v i c ea n dVAT.

C h i l d r e na g e d 1 2a n d o v e r c a n b e a c c o m m o d a t e dw h e n a c c o m p a n i e db y a p a r e n t .A c c o m p a n i e dc h i l d r e na ge d b et w ee ns i x a n d 1 2 ma y b ea c c o m m o d a t e du p o n a t r i a lb a s i s .C h i l d r e no v e rs i xma y u s et h ep u b l i cr o o m sw h e na c c o m p a n i e db y t h e i rp a r e n t s .Yo u n g e rc h i l d r e nc a n n o t b ea c c o m m o d a t e d ,a n d d o g s a r e n o t a l l o w e d .R e s i d e n t sa r ea s k e dt o a r r i v eb e f o r e2 1 . 0 0t o t a k eu p t h e i rr e s e r v a t i o n s ,o ri fp o s s i b l e ,e a r l i e r .

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M e m b e r s F u l lR a t eS i n g l er o o m £ 1 2 £ 2 2D o u b l er o o m £ 2 4 £ 4 4

F l a t1 £ 3 7 . 5 0 £ 5 5P e n t h o u s e( s e l f - c a t e r i n gw i t hk i t c h e n ) £ 5 0 £ 8 0

R e c e p t i o nr o o m sa r ea v a i l a b l ef o r b o o k i n gb yo u t s i d eo r g a n i z a t i o n sa s w e l la s b y m e m b e r s .A l lh i r i n g sa r es u b j e c tt o a p p r o v a l ,a n d t h ec h a r g e si n c l u d eVA T a n d s e r v i c e . s u r c h a r g ema y b em a d ef o rw e e k e n db o o k i n g s .

M e m b e r sF u l lR a t eL o n gr o o m £ 9 0 £ 1 8 0J o h nH u n tRoom £ 6 0 £ 1 2 0

Common room a n dt e r r a c e £ 6 0 £ 1 2 0D i n i n gr o o m £ 3 0 £ 6 0

E n q u i r i e ss h o u l db e a d d r e s s e dt o :T h eA c c o m m o d a t i o nS e c r e t a r y ,

R o y a lC o l l e g eo f G e n e r a lP r a c t i t i o n e r s ,1 4 P r i n c e sG a t e ,H y d eP a r k ,

L o n d o nS W7 1 P U .T e l :0 1 - 5 8 13 2 3 2 .

W h e n e v e rp o s s i b l e ,b o o k i n g ss h o u l db e m a d ew e l li n a d v a n ce a n di n w r i t i n g .T e l e p h o n eb o o k i n g sc a n b e a c c e p t e do n l y b e t w e e n0 9 . 3 0a n d 1 7 . 3 0o nM o n d a y st o F r i d a y s .O u t s i d e t h e s eh o u r s ,a nA n s a f o n es e r v i c ei sa v a i l a b l e .

p a r a i n f l u e n z a .E v e r e t t( 1 9 7 7 )r e p o r t e da n e x t r e m e li n t e r e s t i n gs t u d yo f n e a r l y3 0 0c a s e so f c l i n i c a li n f l u e n z ai n h i s p r a c t i c ei n P l y m o u t h ,i n w h i c hh e c o u l d f i n dd e f i n i t ep r o o fo f a v i r a lc a u s e i n o n l y2 5 p e r c e n t .I t i st h e r e f o r ep o s s i b l et h a tm o r e o f t h e s ec a s e s may h a v eb e e n r e l a t e dt o v i r u s e sa s y e tu n d e f i n e d .I t now a p p e a r st h a tb o t h a c u t e c o r y z a a n d a c u t e g a s t r o - e n t e r i t i sa r ea s s o c i a t e dw i t h v i r u s e sw h i c ha r e j u s tb e i n gr e c o g n i z e dO t h e rcommon c a u s e so f a c u t e v e r t i g os u c h a sm i g r a i n ea n d v e r t e b r o - b a s i l a ri n s u f f i c i e n c ya r e u n l i k e l yb e c a u s eo f t h ep a t i e n t sa g e ,d u r a t i o no f s y m p t o m sa n d a b s e n c eo f r e c u r r e n c e . v i r a lc a u s e i s s u g g e s t e db y a n i s o l a t e di n c i d e n to f a c u t e o n s e t ,l a s t i n ga b o u tt w o w e e k s ,a n d i nw h i ch t w oc a s e so c c a s i o n a l l yo c c u r i n o n e h o u s e h o l d .T h ei n c i d e n c ei nt h ew i n t e rm o n t h ss u p p o r t st h i ss u g g e s -t i o n .I t h i n kt h a ta c u t e l a b y r i n t h i t i smay b e a n a l o g o u st o a c u t er h i n i t i so r a cu t e c o n j u n c t i v i t i s ,b e i n ga n o n -s p e c i f i cs y n d r o m ea s s o c i a t e dw i t h a n u m b e ro f d i f f e r e n tv i r u s e s .

R e f e r e n c e sC h a r t e r s ,A . D . ( 1 9 5 7 ) .E p i d e m i cv e r t i g oi n K e n y a .E a s t A f r i c a n

M e d i c a lJ o u r n a l ,3 4 ,7 - 1 4 .E v e r e t t ,M . T . ( 1 9 7 7 ) .T h e f l u - l i k ei l l n e s s .P r a c t i t i o n e r ,2 1 9 ,6 9 9 -

7 1 1 .H a l l p i k e ,C . S . ( 1 9 4 9 ) .P a t h o l o g ya n d d i f f e r e n t i a ld i a g n o s i so f a u r a l

v e r t i g o .P r oc ee di n gs o ft h e4 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a lC o n g r e s so nO t o l a r y n g o l o g y .L o n d o n .5 1 4 - 5 1 5 .

H a r r i s o n ,M . S . ( 1 9 6 9 ) .Ve s t i b u l a rn e u r o n i t i s .A c t aO t o l a r y n g o l o g i c a ,6 7 ,3 7 9 - 3 8 8 .

K u e n s s b e r g ,E . V . ( 1 9 5 5 ) . E p i d e m i cv e r t i g o .L a n c e t ,1 , 4 0 7 - 4 0 8 .O f f i c eo f P o p u l a t i o nC e n s u s e sa n d S u r v e y s( 1 9 7 4 ) .M o r b i d i t y

S t a t i s t i c sf r o mG e n e r a lP r a c t i c e ,S e c o n dN a t i o n a lS t u d y ,1 9 7 0 -1 9 7 1 .S t u d i e so n M e d i c a la n d P o p u l a t i o nS u b j e c t s ,N o .2 6 .L o n d o n :HMSO.P e d e r s e n ,E . ( 1 9 5 9 ) .E p i d e m i cv e r t i g o .C l i n i c a lp i c t u r e ,e p i d e m i o l o g ya n d r e l a t i o nt o e n c e p h a l i t i s .B r a i n ,8 2 ,5 6 6 - 5 8 0 .

P o s t o n ,R . I . ( 1 9 2 6 ) .Ve s t i b u l a ro r l a b y r i n t h i n ee p i d e m i ce n c e p h a l i t i s .B r a i n ,4 9 ,4 8 2 - 5 2 4 .

U p d a t e( 1 9 7 9 ) .C l i n i c a lc h a l l e n g ea n s w e r s .1 9 ,9 6 .Wa l f o r d ,P . A . ( 1 9 5 2 ) .An u n u s u a le p i d e m i c .L e t t e r .L a n c e t ,1 ,

4 1 5 .W i l l i a m s ,S . ( 1 9 6 3 ) .E p i d e m i cv e r t i g oi n c h i l d r e n .M e d i c a lJ o u r n a l

o f A u s t r a l i a ,2 , 6 0 - 6 6 1 .

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s

I am m o s tg r a t e f u lt o my p a r t n e r sf o rr e f e r r i n gt h e i rp a t i e n t s t om e ,

a n d t o t h ep a t i e n t st h e m s e l v e sf o rt h e i ri n t e r e s ta n d c o o p e r a t i o n .I am i n d e b t e dt ot h ef o l l o w i n gf o rh e l p f u l a d v i c e :D r D . C r o m b i eo ft h eR C G P R e s e a r c hU n i t ,B i r m i n g h a m ,M r T . H . G u e r r i e r ,c o n s u l t a n ts u r g e o na t t h eR o y a lH a m p s h i r eC o u n t yH o s p i t a l ,W i n c h e s t e r ,a n dD r M. G a r d n e ro f t h eF a c u l t yo f M e d i c i n e ,S o u t h a m p t o nU n i v e r s i t y .D r M . G r a h a m ,c o n s u l t a n tb a c t e r i o l o g i s to f t h eR o y a l H a m p s h i r eC o u n t yH o s p i t a lk i n d l ya r r a n g e df o r t h ev i r u ss t u d i e sa n da l s oa d v i s e dm e . M r s C a t h e r i n e D o b s o n ,L i b r a r i a no f t h e R o y a l H a m p s h i r eC o u n t yH o s p i t a lM e d i c a ll i b r a r y ,h a s g i v e nme u n l i m i t e d h e l pi ns e a r c h i n gf o r r e f e r e n c e s ,a n d I am m o s t g r a t e f u lt o h e r .F i n a l l yIs h o u l dl i k et o t h a n kM i s sB . N o b e s ,M r sP . K n o l l y sa n d my d a u g h t e rP e n n yf o rs e c r e t a r i a la s s i s t a n c e .

A d d r e s sf o rr e p r i n t s

D r G . C . B r i l l ,A l r e s f o r dG r o u pS u r g e r y ,S t a t i o nR o a d , A l r e s f o r d ,H a m p s h i r eS 0 2 49 J L .

5 0 J o u r n a lo f t h eR o y a lC o l l e g eo f G e n e r a lP r a c t i t i o n e r s ,J a n u a r y1 9 8 2