alternatyvus gincu sprendimo budai vdu

8/17/2019 Alternatyvus Gincu Sprendimo Budai VDU

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1 paskaita

Alternative dispute resolution- ADR. Alternative to traditional litigation.

Kodel teoriskai mums reikia ADR? Kad tam tikri dalykai liktu private, butu

confendenciality. Gali buti greiciau sprendiamas gincas, negu teisme. !er mediation

buna taip, kad abi puses yra "appy. #$in - $in%. &uality and ekspertai' kartais teise(ai

neturi pakankamai patirties tam tikrose srityse, todel ADR yra geresnis pasirinkimas.

)airness, tai susi(usia su arbitrau. Gali buti kad local court system is not fair. Gali buti,

kad (i yra corrupt. *peed- nereikia eiti per tris instanci(as.

+f court system is too busy, uality is going don or everyt"ing is taking more time.

ei galetume padaryti more simple procedure, tai butu geriau. /utu sutaupoma laiko.

+ncresaing community involvement in t"e dispute resolution process' padidina

galimybes rasti teisinguma, bendradarbiavima.

Kai esi minority, tai gali rinktis ka nors is savo minority, arba pv (ei esi moteris gali

rinktis motery.

0ors daug moniu poitviai iuri y ADR, bet kartais tai turi neigiamu pasekmiu. !v (ei

nustato kad kinetiskuose aisluose yra kenksmingu mediagu, tai (au mones nepirks (u

savo vaikams, tacaiu mones apie tai nesuinos, nes tai yra neviesa.

D+))R02 )3R4* 3) ADR

3mbudsmen- independ person or instition, "o ill make fair desicion about your

claim. 3mbudsmen ill do investigation. 3mbudsmen in private sector is attac"ed to

private bussiness. !v (ei apsinuodi(u kola, o kola turi 5 nepriklausom5 ombudsmen, tai

(ei nunesi savo claim ir tikiesi kad (is priims gera sprendima. !liusai del ko naudotis (u

ombudsmen- c"eaper, less time.

Kodel visi neturi ombudsmen persons? Kyla klausimas ar tikrai ombudsmen in prvate

sector tikrai neutral. +f t"ey are connecting it" bussines tai (ie nera fair institution.

4ain problem is neutrality.

)act finding- neutral e6pert, kuris suras fact "at did "appen is dispute? Disputes tarp

labour union ir employers. ie daniausiai ginci(asi del pinigu. !v kad mokyto(ai noridaugiau pinigu, o kaunas sake kad (ie bankrutuos (ei taip bus. )act finder ill do

investigation, t"eir reports is not binding, not enforceable. +t is (ust recomendation.

2arkim (ei pasakys kaf kaunas tikrai neturi pinigu, tai mokyto(ai patikes neutral e6pert ir


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gal but neprades litigation. 0eutral, independing, great reputation- toks turi buti fact

finder.

0egotiation- kodel sakoma kad tai ADR? Del to kad (ei deriesi su kita puse ir priimi

sprendima, tai neini y teisma, todel laikoma ADR.

7onciliation- koks skirtumas nuo mediation? 7onsiliator make peace, o mediator ant

result, su kuriuo abi puses sutiks. 3 (ei nesutiks, tai mediator turetu pasitraukti.

7onsiliator "as a mission to get a peace.

4ed-Arb - medation and arbitration. 4ediation- t"ird indepent party "elps to find

solution, "e doesn8t make decions. Arbitrator priima sprendimus, tai kaip private (udge.

4ediation "appens first, (ei mediation nebuna successful, tada bus arbitration. +r bus bus

priimtas final, binding decision. !liusai' mediator po mediaci(os tapdama arbitartor (auturi surinkus daug info ir supranta visa situaci(a labai gerai. 2au nereikia rinkti nau(o

arbitrator, because mediator become arbitrator. !roblem it" med-arb yra

konfidencialumas. 0es gali tavo info panaudoti pries tave in arbitration. ei mediatorius

pasiule kakokia kaina, kad susitaikyt, bet taves tas netenkina, tai kai (is tampa

arbitartor maa galimybe kad (is pasiulys daugiau negu pasiule per mediaci(a.

4ini-2rials - teise(as, kuris nebeteise(as ar legal aut"ority, tokie kaip ymus advokatas

ar kakas panasaus. Desicion is not binding, it is only recomendation. 0egative' norilaikyti private viska, nes (ei bus mini trial kita priesingu puse viska inos. All your legal

strategy.

*ummary (ury trials -

9nstructed settlement negotiations- vieni layer ruosia bylas, kiti layer derisi. Kam

reikalinga dvi layer komandos darancios dvi skirtingas funkci(as? ei darai litigation,

tai manai kad tavo klientas 1::; teisus. 2ada bus sunkun deretis nes tu neesi fle6iable.

0es tu galvo(i (og tavo klientas teisus. Apie byla daugiausiai ino tie teisininkai kurie

ruosiasi for trial. +r tu vesdamas derybas gali negauti naudingos info for settlement.

arly neutral evaluation- pv (ei bus avari(a tai bus tarkim draudimo ekspertas, kuris

pasakys kiek dabar kainuos tvarkymas. 6pert in particular area. +t is not binding

decinion. 6pert gali pasakyti kiek madaug gali kainuoti tavo byla.

4ic"igan mediation-

AR/+2RA2+30


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abour arbitration- pliusai kad gauni fast decions, ka reiskia labour contract.

+nterest arbitration- arbitrator "at t"e contract is, "at contract ill be. Arbitrator

creates t"e contract.

/esaball arbitration- darai last offerre to ot"er side. +r tada iuri ka arbitrator galinuspresti. !v as pasiuliau 1mln, kita puse mln, tai arbitrator turi rinktis is dvie(u

negali skaidyti. Arba 1mln, arba mln. 2ai vercia salis duoti more reasonable offers.

ADR is allays volountary.

@ paskaita

Arbitration.t"e selection of arbitration by mutual agreement. Arbitration is named incontractual arbitration court. Rotating arbitrators. Arbitration provided by private ADR

service provider. >ist of arbitrators provided adr service provide and parties strike from

list.

Kuo skirasi arbitration nuo paprasto teismo?kartais arbitrae kainuo(a daug daugiau nei

paprastam teisme. ei tavo gincas desim tuks lt,einant y arbitraa tave apmokestins dar

brangiau nei pats tavo gincas. 4ediatorius irgi ima lt,ir (ei nesutari,tada gryti y

teisma,ir (ei mediation nepasiseka,issvaistai pinigus ir laika. Arbitration is good t"ink

kai tavo kompani(a nori viska daryti tyliai,be viesumos.

7ommon la sistem yra precedenti,ir ka teismas nori ta sprendima,tai veikia netik bylos

salis,bet ir visuskitus,nes matydami sprendimus,kiti ino ko tiketis,kaip veikti ir kaip

teise vystosi. Arbitrao sprendimo niekas nemato,tai 9R2* !9/>+7 +02R*2.

mutual agreement- abi puses sutaria,del arbitrao ir sutaria pasirinkt toky arbitra,kuris

patinka abiems pusems,odiu abi puses megsta viena kita.

Arbitrator is named in contractual arbitration clause-dedam clause in contract,"o

arbitrator ill be,pliusas to kad nebus ginco,del arbitro pasirinkimo kai kilo gincas.

2akes some time,but is better to do t"at in advance.

Rotating arbitrators-u "ave t"e list of arbitrators. *araso esme,ne tame kad (ie eina


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visada visi is eiles,bet tai kad skirtingi arbitrai arbitruo(a tam tikros ruosies bylas pv

pirmas arbitras sprendia tik toky ginca,kitas sprendia kita ginca. 2ai reiskia roating. +f

e "ave one time buisness agreement t.y kad mes daugiau niekda nesusiti6im, tai nebus

cia taikoma,reikia long term realions"ip. Kitas advandages be to,kad turim daug bylu ir

reikia ne vieno arbitro,o kitas kad procesas bus fair,nes gal ta arbitra suti6i tik kas

septinto(e bylo(e.

!rivate ADR service provider- t"ey provide and give you arbitrator from +77.pliusai

*vaes your time, +77 give you kvalifikuota arbitra kurs pv yra ekspertas inineri(o(e ir

t.t. 4inusas tas,kad tai brangu. ie taip pat gali buti a place, a location to do t"e

arbitration,(ie taip pat padeda nustatyti laika kada butu patogu spresti byla.t"ey give you

a list of arbitrators,kurie bus suymeti numeriukais,bet ne pavardem. ac" side cross out

arbitrata pagal nr kutis (iems nepatinka,kol lieka vienas arbitras,tai vadinama stricking.

kitas budas pv numer 1geriausias,ten nrB blogiausias,kuris bus yvertintas emiausias

balais tas ir bus geriausias,tas ir bus paskiriamas.

ac" side pick up t"e arbitrator kury nori,tada tie du arbitrai pasirenka viena trecia

neutralu arbitra. Du isrinkti saliu ir vienas pasirinktas tu dvie(u arbitru,tai vadinama

tripantite.

Arbitrator ualifications

2uri buti kakokie standartai butinai,nes pas blogus arbitrus niekas niekada neis,(ei ir

niekas (u nereguliuota oati rinka (uos ismestu,nes vistiek yra konkurenci(a. Kita

teori(a,kad neturi buti reglamentuo(a.arbitraa tu renkies nes pats to nori,nes nori eiti yteisma paprasta,ta tada renkiesi laisve valia arbitra.

ducation-daniausiai buna teisininkai,bet ne visada,gali buti baigia

buisness,mokslininkai,ininieriai.

6perience- noretum,kad turetu tkr savo arity(e pacia geriausia e6perience. 6perience

is important on t"e sub(ect matters and also on arbitrations.

Reputation- arbitras turetu buti neutralus,pv (ei mano brolis turi kompani(a ir as

arbitras,tai cia nebus neutralu.

0eutrality-arbitration tend to beB:=B:,kad isliktu neutralus.

7ost-turi buti protinga

7ertification-turi uti sertifikuotas vienas is adr sevice provider,tik tada gali buti arbitru.

2uri praeit kursus,treniruotes,praktika,kad gautum ta sertifikata.

Arbitration procedure- yra trys tipai proceduru'1.uncitral model la- 90 comission of

internacional trade la. *usirenka ekspertai ir tada daro model la#draft la%. 4odel

la pupose is like recomendation kiekvienai saliai ka pasirinkti.

@. ADR service provider rules-arbotration procedure,(ei pasirenki (uos tai gali pasirinkti

ir naudori (u procedure.

C. !askutine procedura $"atever rules t"e parties agree upon,gali pdaryti ka

nori,pasirinkti ka nori pv tau naptina A77 taisykles kakurios,tai gali (as pakeisti.

2"e seat of arbitration and le6 arbitri


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2"e 5seat5 of arbitration is a legal term.e are not using public courts. *eat of

arbitration is legal term,it means t"at countires la of arbotrations ill be used in t"at

case,but is not mean like place.ai nereiskia kad seat pv vilniusarboitrator can be in

vilnius,bet (am ten buti neprivaloma.

!rocedural rules vs. >a of arbitration vs.actual location of arbitration-seat is in

vilnius,sto"olm provider,location in berline. !roceduros taisykles bus sto"olme.bus

lit"uania arbitration la.actual location in berlin. ei proceduros taisykles konflikte su

arbitration la.tada laimi la of arbitration#sito(e situaci(o(e bus lt teise laimes%.


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Arbittrability-abillity to arbitrate. Are you able to arbitrate t"e case? 2"is is first area of

arbitation la. !rocedural arbitrability-pv kntrkatas sako,kad gonca spres arbitre o ne

teisme,ir kad (ei kakas negerai ir turi @:d.pradeti (ei kakas negrai,o tu praleidi ir nori

pradeti po @1d. 0ors kontraktas sako tik @:. 2ai klausimas of procedutal of arbitrability.

2ai gali buti delcko praleidi,force ma(or,kakokia nenugalima (ega ir. 2.t procedural

arbitrability is alays decided by AR/+2RA23R.

*ubsantive arbitrability-kl aryra pasirasytas kakoks arbitration agreement?ar as tkr (y

pasirasiau. !v i as forst to sig"n t"e agreement,pv man ginkla y galva yreme tai bus

subsantive arbitrability,tai nusprandia substantive issues tai 2+*4A*.

0e


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frenc,it takes longer. Apskritai prancuams,svarbu (ei arbitruo(ama turi eit y

arbotraa,italams turi buti pasirasyta butinai.

Arbitration service is speed of case,disadvances is fair or not.

2arkim (ei ti6liai nepasakai,kad eini stok"olma ADR service provider,o pasake,kad eini

y adr service provider in stok"olm.ar adr tada arbitrable? /et (uk stok"olme tik vienas ir

yra (istoks,todel turetu buti aisku,bet cia pasake,kad byla not arbitrable,sto"olm adr

service provider atsake kad priimti,nes pagal aiskiai nepasakyta,kad y (uos kreipiasi.

Eienas is budu nuspresti ar arbitrable or not yra tas,kad lesiti private service provider

nusprest.dar vienasbudas competence competence.

Adv of competence competence-it is more faster,and process is faster. 4inusas gali buti

tas (og neaisku ar bus tai saininga. is gali nepprimti teisingo sprendimo,nes gali noreti

naudos,t.y nes tai liecia financus ir sunku priimti sprendima teisinga del arbitrability.

Kitas pv del arbitrability' ppristatyti vyna iki liepos 1,(ei nepristats tadabusbauda

1:k.euru. ei nepristaste del nenugalimu prieasciu natural disaster.tai nebus baudos.Eisi gincai bus arbitrae.

*ituaci(a'it as terorist atack in vilnius,tdl is italy negale(o pateik. Ar arbitrable? ei

taip,tada bus arbitrable (ei nera,tai at"ority neturi galios. Dauguma pasakytu kad sitas

pv arbitrable.

4itsubis"i 7A*' mitsubis"i gamina masinas,mogus turi teise pardavineti mitsubis"i.

e as located in 9*A,!uarto rico. is turi pasirasyta sutarty su mitsubis"i sutarty kad

gauti francie prekiauti !uarto rike. +t s"oul go in (apaneese court,toki(o ten turetu buti

arbitraas. 2as mogus sutiko,nesiskunde niekuo. !roblema buvo tame,kad (is nore(o perparduot ir e6port masinas in sout" amerika, mitsubis"i neleido to,nes tose masinose

nebuvo sildymo o ten latin america yra ir saltu vietu,ne tik siltu,nes caribian tai silta

istisai. 4itsubis"ei nemoka iu masinas +* bet (is negali tu masinu parduoti,nes (am

neleidia (u gabenti y latin amerika. *eller paduoda y Amerikos teisma pagal 0<

convencion ir sake,kad byla not arbitrable. Amerika viska daro pagal ta united states

taisykle,iuri y fairness do you agreed to do t"is dispute arbotrable.ar cia situaci(a kai

seller buvo nesainingas ir seller buvo silpno(i puse,privesta pasirasyti kontrakta? 0e,

nes sellernebuvo mogus nko nesupranttis,(is yra buisnessman. *eller ture(o pasirinkima

nepasirasyti tokio kontrakto su visom salygom,gale(o pasakyi kad atsisako ir neplatins

(u masinu,bet to (is nepadare tai (is nebuvo priverstas kaka daryti pries savo valia. Anot

pardave(o mitsubis"i vykde anti competintion la,nes (is prade(o prarasti lt,kadnegale(o

(u parduoti latin ameriko(e,kad tai suvare (o competitinion teises. *usitatime buvo

prasyta kad arbitrable,tai kas is dispute,s"ould be rise from contract. /et (ei buvo

conected to arbotration contract,tai bus arbitrable,t"a

2"ey did connect to actual arbitration,tada bus arbitruo(ama. Disad of american tas kad

reike(o issiaiskinti apie fairness,tdk ilgai utruko,o prancui(o(e iskart butu nue(e y

arbitraa be (okiu issaiskinu apie fairness.

)A+R0**

)ainess issue in arbitrability. $"at is fair selection process?eini y adr it tada renkiesi is


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to saraso arbittrao. ei turi labor contract#employer=employee% ar gali buti arbitrable? +n

usa praktiskai viskas arbitrable. Generally,t"ere is a very limited rig"t of appeal.moat of

arbotration aards are final and binding.

6eptions of arbitration

)raud=corruption#arbitration agreement invalid,gali skusti pagal 0< convencion% pv

kakas nusprende,kad gavai kysy.

/ias of t"e arbitrator#lack of notice% it means not neutral, as neatskleidiu fakto kad pv

mano brolis dirba coca colo(e ir imu nagrineti ta byla,tai as ne neutralus. ei pv tu randi

pas arbotra psl facebook kad (is nekencia moteru,kad (is (u nemegstamtai reasin to

appeal nes (is turi buti neutralus. 2uri buti kakas deaper,kad unfair,neutenka tureti tik

(ausmo. +f you "ave lack of notice you can appeal arbitration pagal 0< convencion.

Arbitrator e6ceeds "is or "er poer#same%. Gali skusti pagal 0< convencion.Goes on

too muc". !v tarkim yra situaci(a su buteliu pristatymu ir (ei nepristatai laiku,gauni

tada bauda,ir dar esat force ma(or tada not penalty. Arbotras sako,kad (o privalai pasirasyi,todel moki ne desimt,kaip sako kontraktas,bet B:k,can you appeal?


9/22

4istake of facts'kokola ise(o in black can,ir pepsi turi black buteliuka. +r (os gauna abi y

arbitraa. Arbitratorius pasako,kad kokola in red buteliuka,bet istikru(u ten yra black

buteliukas,cia yra mistake of fact. 7an you appeal? 9 cannot appeal.

4istake of la' (ei padaro mistake of la. !v teise sako,kad negali diskriminuoti tu

kam virsF:m. Ate(o mogus kuriamCm. Ka sako teise? 4ane neapsaugo nes man nera

F:m. +n ot"er "and if arbitration knos "at la is but re(ect ir so t"is is t"e reason to

appeal it on basis of public policy.. ei leistume appeal del mistake,tada arbitration

process ould be like a court.

!!!!!!what is the repeat player problem- jei esi mazas lt biznierius ir esi tiekejas

wolksavagenui.turi arbitro susitarima. Eini y arbitraza,kuri salis pasisamdys

arbitra ateity? Wolskvagen,tai vadinam repeat player problem,kai smulkus pries

didely,nesarbitras gaus daugiau naudos,daugiaubiznio ateity is didelio,nei is taves

mazo. Nes taves mazo nkd daugiau nesutiks,ir nori dirbt su dideliais del to.

F!A*KA+2A

/yla' eco siss laime(o byla. )irst issue as about liability,second as about money.

*ebation loose first etapa of arbitration. )inal appeal as t"at it as against public

policy,"ic" paeide public competition. )irst problem it" t"at argumnt as,t"at

0et"erlands no la kuri draudia ta competition,nera (u public policy dalis. 0era gal

net"erland la,kuri apie public policy,bet yra uropian la,kur yra apietai

kalbama,todel europos teismui reikia issiaiksinti ar tai licence ar agreement yra *

teise(e. Net jei ir tavo valstybe neturi,kazkokios taisykles,tai nereiskia kad Europaneturi tos taisykles. +7 said t"at doesnt matter kad 0yt"erlans neturi tos

la,svarbu,kad * turi.


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Arbitration its like private (ustice. 4ediation,mediator never makes decision,(is tik

stengiasi padeti salims,come up it" t"eir on decisions. 4ediaci(o(e parties decide t"e

decision. Arbitrae arbitrator. +n arbotration, arbitrator neturi teise sspresti kitu disputes

beteen parties,kurie nera kontrakte. 4ediatorius turi tokia galimybe to conbain any

issue,mediation is more fle6ible to "ave ot"er dispute. Arbitration is more formal,t"en

mediation it can be more fle6ible. Arbotrae salys negali directly to talk to eac" ot"er,in

mediation (ie gali. 4ediation negarantuo(a reultato,gal tik laika svaistai ir (ei

nesusitari,viskas gryta y pradia. 4ediation is t"e processby ic" a neutral t"ird party

assists t"e parties in resoving t"eir dispute. 2"ird part "as to be nuetral. 4ediaci(a

praside(o nuo family,unions company,big corporation. $"y it started t"ere? $"y

goverment gave issue to promoting mediation? 0es tokie gincai veikia public,ir

mane,kad (ei gali tai pasalint is teismu,sumaint streiku,tada tai gerai visuomenei. Du

svarbus dalykai'+ubli# interest nenorim sreiku,ir long term santykiai.kai santkiai

trunka ilgai mediatorius ino ko salis nori ir gali padeti isspresti ginca,nesikreipiant yteisma. >abor and family cases buvo pacios pirmosios 9*A mediation process utruko

11C-1:m.

valuative mediation-mediater yvertine t"e value of t"e case,and if t"ey in "o muc"

ill cost (ei byla nueitu y teisma,kad issprestu piniginius klausimus apie pinigus neinant

y teisma,"e trayong to pus" you to nurimti.

facilitative mediation-miediatorius nesako,del value nieko,padeda pasiekti susitarima be

to.

ei pv mediator sako,kad byla is terrible tu negali patiketi kad (is gali buti neutralus.Role of mediator' urging parties to agree to talk. ei tu (au stadi(o(e kai ruosiesi eiti y

teisma,tada mediatorius tada bando daryi kad salys pradetu bendrauti. elping t"e

parties to understand t"e mediation process, mediator start to talk it" parties separate

after t"at "e is carring messages beteen parties. elping parties agree upon agenda,tai

some order pirmiausia kalbi apie byla, faktus,pinigus ir t.t.*etting t"e agenda. !rovading

t"e suitable environment for negatotion. 4aintaining order,kai salys nemegsta viena

kitos,tai (is turi buti tas kuris viskam vadovau(a. elping t"e parties understand t"e

problem,nu kad byla pv negali reikalaut 1:mln.tai nerealu,niekur nelaimesi su tokiu

noru. Defusing unrealistic e6pectation. Abiliry to listen actively,it means,lisiner try to

understant ar salis turi kakokias emoci(as,kai pasako(a kaka. Analyses problem,frame

t"e issues.persistence in mediation contest'it means dont give up so easily.

2"e mediation session

)irst "at "apping in mediation is opening statements. +ntroduction "o you are and t.t.

*tatement of impartiality and neutrality,paaiskinti kad nesusi(as nei su vienas puse buti

neutraliu. ) you talking with one side separely and speaking with them atskiram

kambaryje it #alled caucus.

Eiskas yra konfidencialu,todel gali pasakyi tik ta ka reikia skirtingom salim,to nauda

kad mediatoriui yu gali pasakyti viska kas susi(a su byla. Description of logistics-

simple be "ere you going to meet,"o long it takes,ar darysim pertrauka ir t.t.


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*uggestion of be"avioral guidelines. Ansering uestions posed by t"e parties. oint

commitment to begin,it means kad mes neturim settle t"e case,but lets try to do it.

Restatement- mediatorius viska pasako paodiui,give e6act message. !arap"rase or

translation-pv sakau kad rasa per velai muika leidia,mediatorius pasako,kad

negalima lesit muikos nuo @@-".negalima,(is pasako ta paty kitais

odiais.summarisation-paaiskinti viska,neprarandant prasmes.e6pension-kai persako

placiau,kad paaiskintum kitai saliai. 3rdering-mediatorius structtures t"e partys

message in some particulas order. Grouping-putting similar issues toget"er. *eparation

or fractioning. !robing uestion-make more clier,mediatorius klausia klausimu,kad

viskas butu aiskiau. Affirming progress,acts of good fait" and positive suggestion "ile

not taking sides. *ingle ta6 negation- turi poperiu kakoky ir viska rasai,kai pv kaka

sutinki urasai,kai kita karta vel kakokia salyga sutinki vel urasai.

B !A*KA+2A

4ediator "as to take control of mediation. 4ediator "as to able to communicate it"

people, u "ave to "ave communication skills. ei tavo (urisdikci(a suteike tau teise to

make (udgment in mediation tai turi tureti general knolidges about la.

nsuring parties understand t"e agreement- it is legally important kad veliau nebutu taip

(og viena salis pasakys kad neino(o ka pasirasine(a todel nori iseiti is agreement.

stablis"ing paarmeters for implementing agreement- turi pv pasakyi kada turi buti

sumoketi pinigai ir panasiai. 2uri buti agreemente kad butu aisku.

2"e selection of mediators

Gali issirinkti mediator iskart paminedamas in mediation clause. Adr service provider

may provide mediator for you. ei neturi mediation clause, bet vistiek su kita puse gali

nuspresti kas bus mediatorius.

Kaip teismas gali buti ytrauktas in selecting mediator? 7ourt ill "ire staff mediators.

4aybe some courts ill "ave some mediators. 2okiu atve(u teismas suteiks tau

mediatoriu. 2eismas galetu duoti a list of private mediators. #toks skirtumas nuo

arbitration%

*"ould state "ave any ualification for mediators? Kadangi tesimas siulo mediatorius,

tai teismas turetu ir sukurti tam tikrus ualification standarts.

&ualification standarts skiriasi kiekvieno(e saly(e, pv in 9*A reikia praeitu @:-F:

"ours of training.

!sic"oligi(os mediatoriai are dealing it" families. Didiausia grupe of mediators

susi(usi it" la.


12/22

$"en you "ave mediation training program it s"ould call role-playing it"

feedback# you pretend to be mediator, e "ave fake mediation, po visko paaiskinama ka

darei geri, o ka blogai%.

Apprentices"ips #atlieki praktika pas mediatoriu, eini su (uo ir dalyvau(i kur ir (is

dalyvau(a%

7onfidentiality

4acaluso case' it as a labour dispute. Dispute as about money. 9nion nore(o gauti

didesnes algas. 2"ird person as mediator, kuri paskyre gonverment. +t as basically C

negotiations session. 1session. 0arro don to si6 issue. @session. According to t"e

union t"ey get rid of B issues. Csession. According to union t"ey "ave settlement to

e6plain "at t"e ne agreement is for company. 7ompany said it is no agreemen. +f t"eunion is rig"t komoani(a turi sutikti su kontraktu, o (ei kompani(a teisi tai nereikes (ai

moketi (u pinigu for union. 2uri buti issiaiskitni kas teisus. Kodel mediatorius turetu

buti geras liudyto(as? 2odel kad (is yra neutralus, ir pasakys kas istikru(u buvo. 2eismas

neleidia mediatoriui liudyti, nes pasake kas nutinka mediaci(os procese turi btui

konfidencialu. >iudydamas mediatorius gali paeisti neutrality, nes pasirinks kakuria

puse. ourt was intersting in all pro#ess o) mediation. ad jei mediatorius liudys

sunaikins pasitikejima visu media#ijos pro#esu. odel turi saugoti #on)identiality.

aip pat neutrality.

)olk case' falk is accused u seksualiny priekabavima. Kompani( nore(o (y

atleisti.kokia (o argumentai? Kad (is nepriekabiavo. Kompani(os argumentai, kad turi

atkeisti nes (is seksualiai priekabiau(a. $r dokumentai kuriuos duodi mediator, ar tai

ka jam pasakai turi buti under #on)identiality? "ei nebus kon)iden#ialus tada

people wont be open in mediation pro#ess. eismas pasake, kad dokumentai, kurie

duodami mediator yra kon)iden#ialu. We have to prote#t mediation pro#ess.

!arties don8t "ave to reveal t"eir secrets to public- todel knfidencialumas yra gerai in

mediation.

2racy case' as dispute because someone boug"t car for @B::H. +r tie pirke(ai

nesumoke(o. +t tas gincas nue(o to mediation. +n mediation process pirke(au sake kad

sumoke(o B::H ir liko sumoketi likusia suma, ir @:::H skolo(e. +n t"e court(is pakeite

savo poici(a kad sumoke(o viska. Ar gali informaci(a gauta in mediation gali buti

panaudota in criminal process? +t ill "elp prosecutor, tai gali buti panaudota. 2odel kad

cia ne civil case. aisykle, kad negali panaudoti in)o is media#ijos, e#ept #riminal

#ase.

9netc"ical conduct in mediation process is problemtic area.


13/22

7aucuses - can i tell t"em everyt"ing "at u told me or not? 2uri gauti leidima kokia

informaci(a gali atskleisti, nes gali buti confidentiality paeidimas.

7ourt-Anne6ed mediation

$"at can cour do in mediation? 7ourt can encourage mediation.

7ourt can force you to go to mediation.

7ourt can suggested or recomended to go to mediation.

Access to mediation

2uri buti aisku paprasteiems mones. 2o "ave simple information bros"ures about

mediation.

7ourt screeners- t"ey are trying issiaiskinti kuri byla ill be t"e best for mediation, o

kurios yra blogos.

2uri informuoti apie mediaci(a, teisininkai turi pareiga informuoti klientus apie

mediaci(a, bet tik kai kuriose salyse.

$"at kind of cases s"ould go to mediation? )amily, labour, long term bussiness,

commercial comtract. Kokios bylos are bad for mediation? 7onsumer cases, publicinterest, "uman rig"ts, environment cases.

Deadlines for completing mediation? pv trys 4enesiai.

>et t"e parties decide kas nori kad butu mediatorius, isimtis kai yra public policy,

parties c"oice ould cause delay.

4ediation you dont "ave to get final decision, tuo skiriasi nuo arbitrao. 2ad ar yra

sence to force people go to mediation?

+f mediation is mandatory ar gali is (os pasitraukti kada tik nori? 7ia yra good fait"

mediation, gali pasirodyti ir u B min pasitraukti. Good fait" reuirement- try to reac"

agreement, but you dont "ave to. o long you "ave to sit in mediation process? +f

mediator still believes t"at u can reac" agreement, u "ave to continue. ei nesilaikai

good fait" mediatorius negaki tavimi skustis, nes bus confidentiliaty paeidimas.

paskaita


14/22

4A0DA23R< 4D+A2+30

7ourt force you to go to mediation.

7ase Atlantic !ipe' it as construction dispute. 2"is kind of cases is very complicated,

because a lot of companies are involved. Eiena kompani(a yra atsakinga (i vadinasi

general contractor, kitos kompni(os kurios daro atskiras dalis bus kaip subrangovai. +f

somebody makes mistake "y is leading to complicating case? tada nukente(usio(i puse

paduoda y teisma generak contractor, o tas pasako kad ne (u kalte kad cia subcontrator

kalte. 2ai gaunasi kad kakas kitas kaltas. /efore going to trial court send parties to

mediation. o is mediator selected? 7ourt pointed "im. 3ne of t"e oarties suggested

to use t"at mediator. 7ourt said t"is is good idea. Atkantic pipe complain about t"at, and

t"ey dont ant to go to mediation. 2"eir arguments' court dont "ave poer to sendatlantic pipe to t"e mediation. 7ourt re(ected t"at argument. ourt has power to send

to the mediation. $uthority has to #ome )rom something/right )rom #ode0. eismas

turi tokia authority, just be#ause it is #ourt. ei neaisku is kur aut"ority tai gali ieskoti

kakur pv in codes. ourt has natural power to manage #ases. +f e "ave comple6

case like t"is, tai apsimoka (a siuti to mediation, todel kad ten gali buti pigiau ir

greiciau. Kitas (u argumentas buvo del mediatoriaus. 0ors mediatorius buvo pasiulyras

kakurios puses, tai nedaro viso mediaci(os proceso neteisetu. 2eismas sake kad

pasirinkimas mediatoriaus nebuvo neteisetas, nes (is pasauly(e gerai inomasmediatorius in construction8s cases, ne siaip kakoks mogus is gatves. Atlantic pipe

sake kad teismas gali priversti eiti y teismas, bet negali priversti moketi? Anser-

generally #an )or#e you to go to mediation and #an )or#e to pay something, but

amount o) money should be reasonable. !agrindas kad nebuvo nurodyta data Kada

baigsis procesas. 0ebuvo limito mediaci(os sumai.

Good fait" t"eoretical issues'

7onfindentiality

)orcing to participate in mediation

t"ics for mediators

4ediator s"ould neutral, impartiality. Gifts for mediator is bad, because it can look like

pribe. $"at about t"en you ask mediator for lunc"? +t is not et"ical. 3nly e6ception if

you tell ot"er side "at you are goind and t"ey agrees, kad tu eisi pietauti su kita

puse#priesininkais%.

7onflicts of interest' it is disclosure. $"en you "ave any connection it" one of t"e

parties, tada turi visiems pasakyti. ei parties atmes tave turi atsitraukti.

7an you agree on future ork doing t"e mediation progress? 03. ei viena ispusiu tau


15/22

taip pasiulo ti gali buti traktuo(ama kaip pribe.

4ediator advertising' advertisiment must be trut"ful. Gali duodi tikra savo statistika,

negali buti misleading, bet visos bylos yra skirtingos. 2odel (ie negali nieko sakyti apie

future result.

*oliciting future business during a mediation? !v (ei (is sako kad (ei dar karta

pasinaudosit mano paslaugomis gaisit 1:; discount, tada atsiranda

neutralumoproblema. 0es (eiviena puse sakys kad (o naudosimes, o kita nieko nesakys,

tai bus blogai. 0egali taip daryti at t"e begining of mediation. *ainingiausia (ei po

mediation abiems puses duotu discount.

4ediator turi pasakyti "o muc" you are c"arging is pat pradiu, todel kad nera

confusing in t"e end about payment.

7ontigency and success fees' mokestis kuris priklauso nuo bylos baigties. 7ontigency-it is depending on somet"ing. +f u mediator and you get salary after mediation,iurint

kai baigsis mediation tu darai viska kad abi puse prietu sprendima, nes tada vauni salary.

2ada atsiranda interest in t"e case,tada kyla etine problema apie neutrality. Argentino(e

yra success fee. 4oka atlyginima (ei pasiseka mediation, kitu atve(u nemoka.dauguma

pasaulio saliu tai yra neetiska.

4ediator malpractice' provide services badly tai yra pv pas layer, ar daktara.

4ediator malpractice- mediator breaks confidentiality, t"eir proffesional responsibiltyviska laikyti konfidencialiai. When one parties #laims mediator be#ause they were

)or#ed to sign settlement. hey were )or#es with unlaw)ull pressure. /ut is very

diffucult to prove, but (ei yrodau tai most of (uridiction leis reiksti claim. *"ould be

different rule for court pointed mediators? 4ediator s"ould "ave immunity, kitas

sprendimas court s"ould provide you malpractise insurance.


16/22

!uses gali iseiti kada nori is mediation proceso po pirmo posedio.

2"e timing of mediation' kuo anskciau pradesi tuo daugiau pinigu sutaupysi, nes reikes

maiau moketi teisininkui.

+n mediationturi buti svarbus mogus, o (e siaip koks lo level manager, nes tarkim (ei

puses prieis settlment, o tu dar turesi kakam paskambinti pakalausti ar gali priimti toky

susitarima, tai daniausiai toks procesas sunaikina derybas. 0es mogus kuris atstovau(a

viena puse neturi aut"ority priimti sprendimus, nes (is yra lo level manager.

ligible- good cases for mediation.

7ybermediation- mediation conducted electronically, t"roug"- email, c"ats, video,

conferencing, etc.

Advantages of cybermediation' travek e6penses and time, people "o dont like personal

contact.

Disadvantages' kartais elektroniniai duomenys gali buti netycia nusiuti kakam kitam,

gali internet connection goes don. 0era nieko kas tave oriverstu greitai atsakineti y

klausimus. >ack of confidence in cybermediator. 4ost of people dont trust t"is person.

Del to kad per mediation tu suteiki konfidencialia info. Egzui zinoti 1 ir - apie

#ybermediation.

+nteractive blind-bids - turi priimti computer decision.

A fourt" party mediator- if u ant somet"ing "at is not money, tada kompas (uos

pavercia taskais. !rincipas tas pats kaip blind-binds.

4D+A2+30 +0 2 9

7overage of t"e dirctive' #ivil and #ommer#ial #ases, #ross- border #ases#lietuva ir

pv prancui(a%.

0eapima customs matters, Denmark, administrative cases, t"e liability of t"e state for

acts or omissions. $"at about family la, labour la, consumer cases? 0eapima, bet

nevisais atve(ais, nes rig"ts and obligations parties are not free to decide under relevant

applicable la.# pv negali sakyi kad minimalus atlyginimas maiau negu 1:::lt, nes

yra nustatyta kad toks minimalus atlyginimas pacios valstybes%.

7onsumer arbitration yra udrausta in 9. 3 mediaci(a leidiama.

Directive doesnt apply "en (udge siulo kaka, tai nebus mediation.

I paskaita


17/22

2Jsinys

7onsumer mediation in 9 is alloed. as to be special protection for consumer.

Direktyva kalba apie cross-border disputes. $"y sometimes directive applies

platesniems santykiams? !v lietuva neturi dvie(u mediation ystatymu, vienas for

domestic, kitas for international. ocal organisation comes up

it" t"eir on rules for mediation. 2okie codes of condyct turetu buti rasomi tu localorganisation.

Eolountary v. 4andatory mediation- mandatory mediartion is ok, but sometimes it van

be unlaful. Eiskas yra gerai su mandatory mediation, tol kol neatima tavo teises eiti y

teisma. +ncentives#kaip gali tave encourage to use mediation% to get refund on your

filling case fee. # kaip yminis mokestis grainamas%. *anction is a penalty. +f u dont try

mediation e can give penal for you. !v (ei laimesi byla ir noresi atsiimti byline(imosi

islaidas is atsakovo, tada negalesi, tokia bausme u mediaci(os neismeginima.

Ar mediaci(a atima teise eiti y mediation? 0e, in mediation you dont get binding

desicion. +n arbitration is binding desicion.

%yla 2alsey v. *ilton eynes 3eneral N24 - skunde ligonine del malpractise. 2ure(o

(is problemu, buvo maitinimas per vamdely. 2as mogus mire. 0urse made mistake

nes maista nue(o ne y skrandy o y plaucius. >igonine sake kad ne (u kalte. Artimie(i

nusisamde advokata. Artimie(u nore(o tik IB::. 0ore(o gauti uik money ir gventi

toliau. >igonine sake 03. 2ada artimu(u advoktas pasake kad nori mediation,ligonine

sake kad nenori go to mediation. Artimie(i prase maos sumos, todel neapsimoka eiti y

mediation. Kita prieastis del ko ligonine refuse mediation, todle kad mano (og (ie yra

1::; teisus. 3 (ei eis y mediation nebus ka kalbeti, not"ing to compromised. /yla

laime(o ligonine. ei pralaimi byla turi sumoketi visas kitos puses islaidas. Artimu(u

seima atsisake taip daryti, del to kad ligonine unreasonable refuse to do mediation. 2oks

yra ystatymas in 9K. 7ourt said mandatory mediation ill violate article , nes atimtu

teise eiti y teisma. /ut t"is is not mandatiry mediation, t"is is somet"ing like sanction.

2oliau teismas analiuo(a ar buvo reasonable to refuse to go to mediation. Direktyva

sako kol mandatory mediation neatima teise eiti y teisma, tol gali veikti. Artimie(i

vistiek ture(o sumoketi byline(imosi islaidas ligoninei. Destyo(o nuomone yra tokia, (og


18/22

teismas padare klaida. alsey factors, kurie parodo ar apsimoke(o eiti y mediatiom?

1.t"e nature of t"e dispute#money, in(uctive relief- asking court to stop somebody to do

somet"ing pv (ei teismo prasai kad teismas neleistu per tavo emes statyti greitkelio,

important legal issues%. *io(e bylo(e nebuvo (okio important legal issues.

@. 2"e merits of t"e case#very strong or not clear%. Kai turi absolutely strong case kam

eiti y mediation (ei inai koks bus sprendimas, tai tik bus vaste of money. ini

mediation kai yra galimybe B:;-B:;

C. 3t"er settlement met"ods "ave been attempted. ei abi puse dere(osi ilga laika bet

niekas neise(o, (okio progreso. /et gal mediatoriui pasisektu tose srityse ko pusems ne(o

suderinti tarpusavy(e.

F. 2"e cost of mediation ould be disproportionalely "ig. ei kaina butu very "ig" tai

butu reasonable to refuse mediation

B. Delay. +t is use like strategy to force ot"er side to setteled tada negaletu buti

mediation.. $"et"er t"e mediation "ad a reasonable c"ance of succes. Gali iureti ar puses

reiskia valia ispresti ginca ar ne. Kaip pacios salys elgiasi derybose.


19/22

aay t"e rig"t to go to t"e court.

Kiekviena salis nustato limitation periods, tarkim yra toks principas kad kiek utrukai

mediaci(ui, tiek galetu duoti laiko padaryti ieskiny. Kiek pradelsei, tiek gauni. /et vel gi

kiekvieno(e saly(e vis kitaip.

2"e europian code of conduct for mediators

/ulgari(a yra most suceessful in mediation. uropian code of conduct is not binding.

Koks tada purpose? +t is good recommendation. Dauguma saliu (ust adopt t"is. Del to

kad code of conduct yra labai gerai parasytas. +ssues, "ic" are resolved by code of

conduct'

1. &ualification. 2raining and ongoing education=sills. 7ompetence in mediation.

@. *elf-evaluation. Ar turi mediatorius background and compentence to take case. Ar gali imtis tam tikras mediatorius bylos, ar (is turi gera background. !arties gali prasyti

kad yrodytum savo e6perience.

C. Advertising. 0egali salyti kad turi :; bylu settelled ir todel turi mane rinktis.

F. 7onflicts of intereset include' 0egali buti (okio personal ar bussiness reliantios"ip. +f

u "ave direct investement of t"e mediation tai gali buti conflictof ineterest. ei

mediatorius yra buves teisininkas, ir praeit(e atstovavo viena is pusiu tada bus conflict

of interest. ei conflict of interest e6ists tai daniausia turi pasitraukti taciau yra isimciu

tada kai abi puses conset kad procesas gali testisir nebus paeistas neutrality.B. +mpartiality. 4ediator turi elgtis su abiems pusem lygiai taip pat. !oer imbalance in

mediation- pv multimili(onine kompani(a ir kaimietis procese. ei mediatorius su

kamieciu praleidia 1:" ir su kompani(a C:min ar tada bus neutrality? "ei praleidi laiko

del to kad jis nieko nesupranta tai nebus pazeidimas. 4ediatorius negali duoti legal

advice silpnesnei puse about case.


20/22

atriaustaravo,taciau (ie issiskyre,tai kam teks stalas? Eiena iseitis kad suinot kurio

interas didesnis,arba puse metu pas viena puse pas kita,arba gal vienas nori pinigu kitas

stalo. 3ne psossibilty s"aring t"e table,ot"er making t"e copy uo t"e table,t"at only

e6pert can tell t"e different. $"at is t"e purpose of t"is e6icise?its room for creativity.

*edis" compnay trying to come in lit"uania rinka,ir kakokia >t kompani(a kuri tv

pristato,ateina y agreemnta kad (ei kas ateina is skand y lt kompani(a gauna @:;

nuolaida ir atvirksciai,viena kita promotina. *edis" kompnai(a gauna LM. 9mokesty

del nau(u kliemtu,kurie ate(o is >t kompani(os. 2ai is (os isdirbo L::tukst. +r nenori >t

kompani(ai moketi nei cento nes tipo ne dl(u ate(o,pas (uos nau(i klientai.kokia iseitis?

2"ere is onteret to ork bot" parties toget"er. *edis" company sako,kad nn del ko tie

klientai ate(o,taio (ie sako,tai gali duoti anonimine apklausa del ko (ie ate(o tpy ta

kompani(a svedi(os,del kokiu prieasciu. Gakima sukurti mec"anima suinoti del ko

klientai ten eina y ta svedi(os kompani(a.# neaisku ar reikia%

NKai yra privatus asmuo teikia nemokamai mediaci(a tada (am gali kilti malpractise, bet

kai yra teismo darbuoto(as tai nekyla malpractise, nes teismas teikia (am kakoky

insurance.O

L paskaita

/ulgari(a, vengri(a ir lietuva turi bendro nes turi praeity in soviet union. 3ne of

concerns of postcumunist gonverment mes valdia liepia kakip kitaip elgtis negu priestai. +f gonverment says try mediation, bet as nenoriu bandyti, nes gal nepasitikiu

mediation, neinau kas tai yra. !eople are suspisious about meditaion.

Russia "as ne mediation la. +s it orking very ell? 0o. $"y? 4ediatiorius

vadinamas middle man. 4ediation nera gerai isvystyta rusi(o(e. no natural knoledgein

societ about mediation. Eiena is pronblemu lack of knolodge about mediation.

Rusi(o(e mones kai eina y teisma negalio(a apie settlement. 3nce you go to court

sistem you can forget mediation. 2ai neigiamai veikia mediation in Russia. +n usa

people dont ant to fig"t till deat" kaip rusi(o(e. Rusi(o(e mediation yra fast and c"eap,

todel kad teise(ai (ei issprendia byla grietai gauna pinigu. $ould you c"ooce mediation

in t"at sistem? +n average case it can increase your cost in case and can delay your case.

*tructual problems in russia mediation on8t be corrected. 4ediator training is

e6tremely popular in russia. !eople understand t"at mediation is not orking, but if you

kno mediation skills, you could t"at in your (ob suc" as dealing it" corporation and

etc.

/9>GAR+A0 4D+A2+30


21/22

$"y mediation is successful in /ulgaria? )irst, mediation started early. 2"ey set

mediation in organisations, communities, sc"ools, buvo daug reklamos. 2"ey stared

it" people in mediation, ne vien teisininkais ir profesoriais. 4ediation started 1:m.


22/22

>2 gonverment ill support t"e development of mediation in t"e country.

alternatyvus gincu sprendimo budai vdu

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