컴퓨터공학과 1 ubiquitous computing 강사 : 장태무 교수 ( 컴퓨터공학과 )...

컴퓨터공학과 1

Ubiquitous Computing강사 : 장태무 교수 ( 컴퓨터공학과)

(Tel)2260-3341

(Email) jtm@dgu.ac.kr

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What is Ubiquitous Computing?

Computing CPU, Memory, Communication

Ubiquitous everywhere indefinite number of times constantly encountered : widespread,

omnipresent, all over, universal, constantly available, pervasive to the point of subconscious

M. Weiser in early 90’s Not really possible or desirable

more than in traditional computing so widespread that unnoticed

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Traditional Computing

Desktop Computers /Servers

Embedded Computers

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Ubiquitous = More of the Same?

No new technical issue Except

scalable networking

o IPV6

In ubiquitous computing we see new kinds of computing

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Interactive Mobile Computers

Motivation Pervasive access to standalone

apps o Calculator, Games, Music, Video

Issues Hardware realization (will be

mostly ignored)o more robusto lower-powero lighter weight

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Interactive Mobile

Software Issues Resource-poor

o power• Scheduling, result accuracy

o I/O devices • Speech, Handwriting recognition

o Storage• MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) : the

integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology

• MEMS-based storage is built using photolithographic IC processes similar to standard CMOS, MEMS-based storage has per-byte costs significantly lower than DRAM and access times an order of magnitude faster than conventional disks

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Interactive Mobileo Tiny OS

• event based operating environment designed for use with embedded networked sensors

• designed to support the concurrency intensive operations required by networked sensors with minimal hardware requirements

• hundreds of Tiny OS projects throughout the world

Securityo More vulnerable to theft and destructiono Exposed to more people

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Strongly-Connected MobileMotivation

Remote data accesso web, rlogin

Collaborationo Email, chat, application-sharing

Computation offloading

Internet

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Strongly-Connected Mobile Issues

Mobile IPo Address contains location but location variableo Mobile IP, which allows a mobile node (e.g., a laptop or notebook computer) to

change its location without the need to restart its applications or terminate any ongoing communication something currently not accommodated by the Internet protocols. 

o Mobile IP is a mechanism for maintaining transparent network connectivity to mobile hosts. Mobile IP protocol enables a mobile host to be addressed by the IP address it uses in its home network (home IP address), regardless of the network to which it is currently physically attached.

o Therefore, ongoing network connections to a mobile host can be maintained even as the mobile host is moving from one subnet to the other

Adapting to mix of heavyweight, lightweight computerso Dynamic application-sharing architectureso Multi-device collaboration

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Intermittent ConnectionDisconnected and

strongly- connected states Remote data accessed in

disconnected state

Motivation Work in the offline mode

o Paper, spreadsheets

Issues Local database smaller

o hoarding

Conflicts can ariseo merging

Internet

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Wireless (Weak) Connection

Additional weakly connected state higher delay, error rate

Motivation Ubiquitous remote access

Network

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Wireless (Weak) ConnectionIssues

Physical Layero Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, Infrared

Optimizing weak connectionso Batching changes propagated for mergingo Transcoding

• used to fit HTML files and graphics files to the unique constraints of mobile devices and other Web-enabled products.

Adapting to multiple connection levelso Adaptive TCP/IPo Adaptive Transcodingo Adaptive update propagation for merging

Network

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Networked Embedded Computers

Network

networked appliances

sensors historical sites & other locations

Connected to network send and/or receive

May be embedded only for network access

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Peer of Networked Embedded Computer?

Network

Another embedded computer

Non embedded Computer

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extendibility & scalability

Embedded Peer

Network

Composite devices security system

Distributed composites vs. hardwired devices

client-defined composites

ease of change

reuse of constituents

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“Smart Dust”

Network

Late bindingo Monitoring

Temperatures in a Fire

o Monitoring rain levels in a flood

Millimeter-scale self-contained microelectromechanical devices that include sensors, computational ability, bi-directional wireless communications technology and a power supply. As tiny as dust particles, smart dust motes can be spread throughout buildings or into the atmosphere to collect and monitor data. Smart dust devices have applications in everything from military to meteorological to medical fields.

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“Smart Dust” by UC Berkeley

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Embedded Computer communicating with Non embedded Computer

Network

Embedded is clientEmbedded is server

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Embedded is Client

Network

viewing/recording statuso image from camerao body part datao instrument visualization

Motivation

trigger orderso refrigerator items

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Embedded is Server

Network

Interactive computer issues commands to embedded computer

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Motivation

Automatic appliance- remote control binding

A single remote control for arbitrary (dissimilar) appliances TVs, EKG machines,

Water Sprinklers, Car Seats

Control appliance from arbitrary locations Water sprinkler from beach

Interactive computer can offer different user interfaces from conventional controls

Internet

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Per-User Control of Shared Appliances

Mobile device knows owner’s info: Favorite channels Volume preferences Credit card PIN Files to be printed Car-seat tilt angle

Record/replay Pin recorded first time and

replayed later

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More Powerful Device Output Device

EKG results Refrigerator contents Sprinkler settings

More computation power Undo/Redo Cut/Paste Save Macros

Enter arbitrary input Water sprinkler days

Offline Mode Synchronization

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Control Appliance Collections

Multicast commands Start/stop recording

images from all cameras

Switch off all lights in the room

Switch of all appliances except the refrigerator

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Control Appliance Collections

Network

Distributed presentation On projector, speakers,

computer screens

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Motivation Summary

More universal

More control

More remote

Internet

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Networked Embedded Computers

Network

Issues Late binding

o Namingo Discoveryo IPCo User-interface deploymento Multi-appliance control

Access controlo Existing social protocols not

supported by existing mechanisms

• All co-located users can use appliance

• Children can see certain channels

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Ad-Hoc NetworksPeer to peer connections

among late bound computers

Motivation Spontaneous collaboration

o classroom, war, airport meeting

Sensor networkso disaster recovery

• e.g. heat sensors thrown on fire

Network

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Ad-Hoc NetworksIssues

No Routero ad-hoc routing

• Power-aware

Network

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Location-aware computingoperations based on

current, past, and future locations of users and devices

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Location-Aware Computing

Motivation location-based action

o nearby local printer, doctoro nearby remote phoneo directions/maps

location-based informationo real

• person’s location• history/sales/events

o virtual• walkthrough• story of city

o augmented• touring machine

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Pose-Aware Computing Operations based on locations

and orientations of users and devices

Motivation Augmented reality

o Magic Lenso an environment that includes

both virtual reality and real-world elements. For instance, an AR user might wear translucent goggles; through these, he could see the real world, as well as computer-generated images projected on top of that world.

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Example of AR

Digital Museum in Japan TRON

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Wearable Pose-Aware Computers

Computers on body track body relative

movementso monitor persono train person

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Location/Pose- Aware Computing

Issues Tracking algorithms

o fine or coarse grained

Software architecture Maintaining privacy

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SummaryTraditional

Stationary desktops/servers and Embedded

Ubiquitous Interactive mobile

o resource-pooro security vulnerability

Strongly-connected mobileo mobile IPo adapting to heavyweight/lightweight mix

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SummaryUbiquitous computing

Intermittently connected mobileo hoardingo synchronization

Wireless (weak) communicationo Physical layero Optimizing weak connectionso Adaptations for multiple connection levels

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Summary Ubiquitous computing

Networked embedded computerso Namingo Discoveryo IPCo UI deploymento Access control

Ad-hoc networking with late bound deviceso ad-hoc routing

Location and Pose awareo Trackingo Architectureo Privacy

Wearableo Avoid strong signalso Displays

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EmbeddedMobile

Interactive

Beyond Desktops/Servers

Wearable Active badge

Location

SensorFlight

Simulator