第 23 讲 形容词和形容词词组. 23.1 形容词分类 1. 单词形容词和复合形容词：...

第 23讲

形容词和形容词词组

23.1 形容词分类 1. 单词形容词和复合形容词：形容词，就词的构成来说，分为单词形容词（ one-word adjective）和复合形容词（ compound adjective） .

2. 中心形容词和外围形容词：形容词，就其句法功能来说，分为中心形容词（ central adjective）和外围形容词（ peripheral adjective） .

中心形容词（ central adjective）如： Green apples are sour. Pillar-boxes are green.外围形容词（ peripheral adjective）如： This is utter nonsense. This child is asleep.

3. 动态形容词和静态形容词：形容词，按词汇意义，分为动态形容词（ dy

namic adjective）和静态形容词（ static adjective） .

动态形容词（ dynamic adjective）如： tall, short, big, small, ugly, beautiful, shallow, deep, blue, white 等。

静态形容词（ static adjective）如： abusive, ambitious, awkward, brave, calm, careful, dull, enthusiastic, extravagant, faithful, reasonable, rude, thoughtful, troublesome, vain, vicious, wicked, witty 等。

4. 等级形容词和非等级形容词：就词汇意义来说，形容词还可分为等级形容词（ gradable adjective）和非等级形容词（ Non-gradable adjective） .

等级形容词（ gradable adjective）如： tall---taller---tallest beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful非等级形容词（ Non-gradable adjective）如： atomic scientist, hydrochloric acid, French food, Chinese carpet

又如： perfect， excellent, extreme 等。

23.2 形容词与分词 1. 由 -ing分词转化来的形容词：由 -ing分词转化来的形容词常见的有： abso

rbing, alarming, amusing, annoying, boring, challenging, changing, charming, comforting, confusing, convincing, deafening, discouraging, disturbing, exciting, fascinating, frightening, humiliating, insulting, obliging, perishing, pleasing, perising, tempting, terrifying, thrilling, tiring, vexing, worrying 等。

2. 由 -ed分词转化来的形容词：由 -ed分词转化来的形容词常见的有： alarm

ed, amazed, amused, balanced, bored, conceited, celebrated, civilized, disappointed, distinguished, divided, educated, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, fascinated, frightening, hurried, interested, limited, noted, offended, pleased, relaxed, reserved, satisfied, uncooked, uncovered, undecided, unsettled, worried 等。

3. 主动意义和被动意义：由 -ing分词转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义，而由及物动词的 -ed分词转化来的形容词则通常带有被动意义。如：

boiling water boiled water

a charming girl a charmed girl

exciting news an excited audience

an interesting story an interested look

a pleasing voice a pleased look

a terrifying story a terrified woman

23.3 形容词（词组）作名词修饰语 1. 形容词（词组）的前置与后置：前置形容词词序排列：限定词 ---表示说话人评价的形容词 ---表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词 ---表示颜色的形容词 ---表示国别、来源、材料的形容词 ---表示用途或目的的形容词、名词等类别词 ---名词中心词。

eg. The man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings

某些中心名词所修饰的形容词只能后置： Eg. The people involved / concerned/ intere

sted

2. 补语形容词：补语形容词主要有两类：一类是表示健康状况的词： Eg. He’s very well. You look ill.另一类是以前缀 a-开首的词： Eg. The two brothers are very much alike. I was alone in the house. He was asleep. Although old, he is very much alive, The sky was aglow with the setting sun.

3. 形容词词组与关系分句凡能做后置修饰语的形容词或形容词词组，其含义往往相当于一个关系分句。

Eg. The members present=the members who are present

Anything interesting= anything that is interesting

Anywhere quiet= anywhere that is quiet

23.4 形容词词组作补语 1. 形容词 +介词词组： Eg. He was absent form the meeting. I’m not yet accustomed to the cold. Don’t be afraid of difficulties. She felt ashamed of herself. I was astonished at his behaviour. Books are very dear to him. They were terribly worried about you.

2. 形容词 +不定式： Eg. She is stupid not to follow your advice. =It is stupid of her not to follow your advice. He is impossible to teach. =It is impossible to teach him. He was disappointed to hear about it. =To hear about it disappointed him.

3. 形容词 +that-分句 Eg. I’m sure that we’ll succeed. I’m glad that you like it. She was amazed that he should arrive so so

on. I’m surprised to learn that he didn’t come. He is confident that he will be able to pass t

he exam.

1999

53  My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ___ about the food he eats.  

    A. special  B. peculiar C. particular    

 D. specific  

1999

59. We should always bear in mind that ___ decisions often result in serious consequences.

     A. urgent     B.    instant    C. prompt  

D. Hast y

2000

57.    The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed.

      A. distant  B. slim      C. unlikely 

D. narrow

2000

61.    The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly___ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.

      A. exploited      B. controversial 

C. inexhaustible  D.  remarkable

2000

65.  Dreams are___ in themselves, but when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.

   A.  uninformative     B.  startling C.  harmless    D.  uncontrollable 

2001

57.  You must insist that students give a truthful answer ___ with the reality of their world.A. relevant      B. simultaneous   

C. consistent      D. practical

2001

61.  In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be___.A. restless        B. skilled      C. strong   

    D. versatile

2001

63.  Although he has become rich, he is still very ___ of his money.A. economic        B. thrifty     

  C. frugal      D. careful

2002

57. The party’s reduced vote was ______ of lack of support for its policies.

A. indicative B. positive C. revealing

D. evident

2002

58. There has been a ______ lack of communication between the union and the management.

A. regretful B. regrettable

C. regretting D. regretted

2002

60. The ______ family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.

A. normal B. average C. usual D. general

2002

63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) _____ room in the hotels here.

A. empty B. vacant C. free D. deserted

2003

60. During the summer holiday season there are no ____ rooms in this seaside hotel.

A. empty    B. blank    C. deserted    D. vacant

2003

65. I think you can take a(n) ____ language course to improve your English.

A. intermediate    B. middle    C. medium    D. mid

2004

56.Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ____.A. invaluable  B. priceless 

C. unworthy  D.worthless

2004

64.Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is ____ with life.A. vibrant    B. violent  C. energetic  D. full

2005

80. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightly        B. sparsely     

  C. hardly        D. rarely