unit 4 grammar the attributive clause ( 定语从句）...
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Unit 4 GrammarUnit 4 GrammarThe Attributive Clause
( 定语从句）
在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫引导词，定语从句通常放在先行词的后面．
1. 定语从句的概念The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
2. 引导词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which
关系副词 when, where, why
要做好定语从句有关试题，就得必须理解透“关系词”具有的三种功能：(1) 引导一个定语从句。 ( 在定语从句开头 )(2) 替代“先行词”。（省去从句中对应的 he/she/it/they/him/her/them/… ）(3) 在定语从句中充当成分。 ( 作主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语）
关系代词 : 1. who 指人 , 作主语或宾语
who (whom)I
The professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
3. 用法
The man who my brother likes most is Yao Ming
2. whom 指人 , 作宾语
The man whom I talked to just now is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked just now is Mr. Li.
The man whom my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语
These are the trees which were planted last year.
The radio （ which ） he is using is made in Japan.
用法
that 指人 / 物，作主语或宾语 ( 作宾语可省略）
A plane is a machine that can fly.
用法
Reader is the magazine that I like most.
The girl that I met is Lucy.
The girl that is standing there is Mary.
whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which (the) 互换使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
用法
Sum up( 小结）
主语 宾语 定语 状语
指人
who
that
whom thatwho
whose
指物
which
that
which
that
whose
关系词的作用
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
先行词和关系词的关系
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
the machine
a machine
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
a machinethat /which
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.
I met the boy.
He can speak English
I met the boy who/that can speak English.
Have a Have a trytry
John is the boy.
You wrote to him.
John is the boy whom/who/that you wrote to.
He is the manager.
His car broke down
He is the manager whose car broke down.
He works in the shop
The shop sells books.
He works in the shop that/which sells books.
This is the book.
I’m looking for the book.
This is the book that/which I’m looking for.
Mary lives in the room.
Its window faces South.
Mary lives in the room whose window faces South.
定语从句高考点例析定语从句高考点例析
考点一：考点一： thatthat 和和 whichwhich
以下情况，引导词用 that ，不用 which 。1. 先行词为不定代词
everything ， anything ， nothing ， all ， much ， little 。
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that 。
e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
考点一：考点一： thatthat 和和 whichwhich
3. 先行词被 the only ， the very ， the last 修饰时，用 that 。
e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用 that。e.g. We talked about the things and the persons that
we saw then.
5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用 that。
e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.
that 和 which 在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 , 但在下列情况下 , 一般用 that 而不用 which 。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to ( 属于） him.
(1) 先行词为 everything, nothing, something, anything, all, much , little 等不定代词时。
(2) 先行词被 all, much , little,every, some, no, any, 等 修饰时。
(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
小结： that 与 which 的区别
(5) 先行词同时指人和指物They talked about the things and the persons that they saw .
考点二：连接词考点二：连接词 whichwhich 的用法的用法Which 引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词 , 也
可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, ______
brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. The weather turned out to be good,
___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
B
B
考点三：考点三： asas 与与 whichwhich 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用 as 。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与 such或 the same连用时，一般用 as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
I have the same plan as you.
Go on Please!Go on Please!
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用 as ，反之则用 which 。
e.g. She has married again, as was
expected( 期望） .
She has married again, which was unexpected.
Go on please!Go on please!
4. as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如 be known ， be said ， be reported等。如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which 作主语，但不能放在句子开头。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
Tips As
句子开头（ As we all know,….)词组搭配 such…as/the same… as上下文意思一致被动结构
Which( 句中 / 上下文意思不一致）
Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday._______
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? _______
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. _______
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget. _______
^
^
\ \
which____
to
the
it
Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences:5. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t
come to school today. _______
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
_______
7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. _______
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend. _______in
_____
who___
(that/which)
^
whose
_____
注： the way in which
that
\
Tips
1. The most important thing _____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which;that B. that;which C. which;which D. that;that2. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons ______ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. who C. whom D. that3. I have bought such a watch_________ was advertised( 登广告） on TV. A. that B. as C. which D. it4. The president made a speech ________ he expressed his satisfaction. A. which B. that C. in which D. in that5. I know the girl_____ mother is a friend of mine. A. whose B. who C. which D. of whom
巩固练习题D
D
B
C
A
巩固练习题6. We visited a factory ______ makes toys for children. A. what B. which C. in which D. at which7. The man _________ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to8. The paper _____ they are looking at was made hundreds of years ago. A. of which B. what C. / D. whose9. The professor _______ gave us a talk last week has gone to America. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which10. Do you know the old lady ______ son is studying in America? A. her B. who C. whose D. whom
B
A
C
A
C
高考直通题
2. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _____ leading actor is world famous? A. its B.it’s C.whose D.which ( 上海 2000)
C
3.Carol said the work would be done by October, _______ personally （个人地） I doubt( 怀疑） very much. A. it B.that C.when D.which （ NMET1999)
D
4. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role( 角色） in the play, _______of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C.this D.what （ NMET2000)
B
A
5.John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,____ was true. A.he B. this C.which D.who (NMET2001)
C
1.______ is mentioned( 提及） above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing （增长） .
A. As B. Which C.That D.It ( 上海 1999)
Exercises(Grammar)Exercises(Grammar)
1.Textbook Page 26&28
2.Workbook Page 105, Ex.1
Page 105,Grammar Ex. 2Page 105,Grammar Ex. 2 Combine the following pairs of sentences, using who /that /which/.
确准先行词，明确其在定语从句中所作的成份，确定关系代词
例句 The road was destroyed in the earthquake. It has now been built stronger.
确准先行词
The road which(that) has now been built stronger was destroyed in the earthquake.
I really like travelling. I like beautiful places.
I really like travelling (to the places).The places are beautiful.
I really like travelling to the places that(which) are beautiful.
Homework:Homework: 1) [WB] P105
Grammar Ex.2
2) Finish off the
exercises in P27
Grammar Ex.2(in the book)
Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences:
9.That is the last place when I want to go to. _______
*10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy. _______
*11. We heard the news which our team won the game. _______
*12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
_______
____
that____
that ( 同位语 e.g. the fact that… ）
____
why （定语从句中缺原因状语）
it ( 并列句）
____
Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences:
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names. _______
*14. That was the reason because she looked old. _______
*15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. _______
*16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. _______as
who
______
___
____gives
why （定语从句中缺原因状语）
^
Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences: 17. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown
recently. _______
18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. _______
19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky. _______
20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us. _______
that
____
_____
has
As
that
____
____
Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences:
21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. _______
*22. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. _______
*23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. _____
24. The bike by which I travelled was his. _______
*25.Which is the book which she wants to borrow? ______
as
___ that
__ on
____
^ when（定语从句中缺时间状语）
that_____
Translation Translation
1. 我认识站在那边的那个男人。I know the man who(that) is standing over there.
2. 请把昨天你买的钢笔给我。Please give me the pen which(that) you bought yesterday.
3. 这就是在我们班中英语最好的学生。This is the student whose English is the best in our class.
Goodbye EveryoneGoodbye Everyone
Have a Have a trytry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
( )
主语宾语
定语
宾语
Have a Have a trytry5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose
family was poor. ( )6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( )7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent
together. ( )8. They will never forget the farm (that) they visited
yesterday. ( )
定语
介宾
宾语
宾语spend+ 宾语（时间）
visit+ 宾语（地点）Tips
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met We met her her yesterday.yesterday.
The scientist _________________ we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress ______________she is wearing is new.
who/that/whom/ \ /
that/which/ \ /
Exercises: