محركات الديزل

א ثقل ١٧٢

אאא א

אאאאאאאא

١٢٣١٢٣

א ١٧٢ א

אאא א

،،אא،אW

א א א אאאא א אאא،אאאאאאא

אאאא אא؛אאאאאא

אאאאאאא א ،א אא

א אא א א ، א אא،אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אא،אאאא،אK

א א ?א J ? ?א אא?אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאא

،א،אאאאאאאאאK

א א אא؛אK

אאאא

א ثقل ١٧٢

אאא א

אאאאאא،אאאא،אאאאאאKאא

אאא،אאKאאאאאK

אאאאאא،אאKאאאאא

،אא،אאאא،אאא،אאא،אאאK

אאFEFאאאEאאאאאא،אאאK

אאאאאW

אאאK

אאאאאK

אאאK

אאאאK

אאאK

אאאאK

אאאאאK

אאאK

אאאאK

א ثقل ١٧٢

אאא א

אאאאאאאKאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١ -

אא אא

אאW ١- א

E FEK EFאאEK ٢- אWF١ J١E

EאFאאKE EאFאKE EאFאKE ٣- אWF١ J١E

EK EK ٤- אWF١ J٢E

EאK EFVKE EאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢ -

٥- FEאWF١ J٣E EFI KE EFL KE EFFE K EFTKE

٦- FEאWF١ J٣E

EאK EK

٧- FEאW

EאK EK ٨- אW

E١٠٠٠אK Eא١٠٠٠ J٢٥٠٠אK E٦٠٠٠אK

٩- אאW

EK EאאK EK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٣ -

F١ J١E

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٤ -

F١ J٢E

١- אK ٢- VK ٣- אK ٤- אK ٥- אK ٦- אK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥ -

F١ J٣E

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦ -

Lאאא אאW

١- אW

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא،א

אאאאKK

٢- אאW אאאאאא

٣- אאאW אאאאאK

٤- אW

אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧ -

אאW ١- אאאאאא

אאאK ٢- אאאאאא

אK ٣- אאK ٤- אאאאאK ٥- אאאאK ٦- אאאK ٧- אאאאFKE

אW ١- אאW EאאאK EאאאאאאאK EאאאWאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאK ٢- אאאK ٣- אK ٤- אאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٨ -

אא ١ J٢ J٣ J٤ J٥ J٦ J٧ J٨ J٩ J١٠ J١١ J

אאK אאאאK

אK אK

אK אאא

אאאK אאאאPmaxK

אאאאK אאאאאK

אאאK

١٠٠٪ ٤٥٠ J٥٥٠K

J٢٥K ١W٦–١W١٢

٤٠٠ J٦٠٠K٣٠ J٦٠

٢٠٠٠ J٢٥٠٠K٧٠٠ J١٠٠٠K

٧٠٪ ٣٥٠ J٣٨٠

٥٥١W١٤ J٢٢W١

٧٠٠ J٩٠٠ ٦٥ J٩٠

٢٠٠٠ J٢٥٠٠٥٠٠ J٦٠٠

אאאאאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٩ -

אא א

LאאאFour-stork Diesel cycle אאאאא

אאK אאאאW

١- אWאאאK

٢- אWאאאאא Eא١:20אאאK Eא١:18אאK Eא٣٠ J٥٥K Eאא٥٠٠א J٧٥٠K

אאאאK ٣- אWאאאאאFאאEK ٤- אWאאאאאK

F١ J٤Eאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٠ -

Lאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאK

אא٥}١٤W١אK אאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אW ١- אאאאא

אאאאאאא٩٠٠אK

٢- אאאאK ٣- אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאא

אאאאא٢٠٪٣٠٪אאאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١١ -

Lאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאW ١K אK ٢K אאאאאאאK ٣K אאאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK אאאW

JאW אאאאאאאא

אW ١K אFKE ٢K אאאאW Fא–א–א Jא JאKE ٣K אאK ٤K אאאאK

JאאW

אאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאK אאאאאאא

אאאאאאאK FאאאKE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٢ -

JאאW אאאאאא

אK JאW

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

٧٠٠אאאאאאאאאאאאא

א،אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאא

אאאK JאאW

אאאKאאאאאאאאK

JאאW אאאאאא

אאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٣ -

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

F١ J٥EאאאK

אאא

F١ J٥EאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٤ -

אא אאא

١KאFאECYLINDER HEAD

אאאאאאאVאאאא

אא،אאאאאאאאא،אאאאא

אאאאא،אאא

F١ J٦EV

אאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٥ -

١ JאK٢ Jא ٣ J٤ Jאא ٥ Jא٦ Jאא ٧ Jאאא٨ Jאא ٩ Jא١٠ Jא

١١ Jא١٢ Jא ١٣ Jא١٤ Jאא ١٥ Jאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٦ -

٢Kאvalves Wאאא

FאEאאאאאאFאאאE

אאאאFEאאFEאאאאאאאא

אאאK

١ J٧Eאא ١ Jא٢ Jאא ٣ Jאא٤א Jאא ٥ Jאא٧ Jאא٨ Jא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٧ -

٣Kאא אאאאאאאאאא

אאאאWאאאאא

١ JאאDIRECT INJECTION CHAMBERS ٢ JאאאTURBULENCE CHAMBERS ٣ JאאאPRE- COMBUSTION CHAMBERS ٤ JאאאאאAIR CELL CHAMBERS

F١ J٨Eאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٨ -

אאאאאאא

אאאאא،אאאאFAEאא

אאאאאאאK

אFBEאאאFCEאא

א אאאW

١ JאאK ٢ Jאאאאאא

K ٣ JאאK ٤ JאאאFאKE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٩ -

٤KאINTAKE MANIFOLD

אא?אאאאאא?אK

אאאאאא)(Lאאאא(E) אאא)(VKאאאאא

אאאאאאאK

F١ J٩Eאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢٠ -

א אאאאFE

אאFאEאאאא

אאאK אאאא٣٪אאא

אאאאא،אאאאאאאא،

אאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאאאאא،אא

F١ J١٠Eא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢١ -

٥KאPISTON אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא،אא،אא

،אאאאאאאאאאא،אא

،אאא،אאאאאאאא

אא،אאאאאא،אאאK

F١ J١١Eא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢٢ -

٦KאCONROD אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאא،אאא،אאאאאא

אאא،אאאK

F١ J١٢Eאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢٣ -

٧KאCRANKSHAFT אאאאאאאא

אאאK אאאאא،א،אא،אאאא

F١ J١٣Eאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢٤ -

٨KאFאECAMSHAFT אאאאא،

אאאALLOY STEEL?א?אאא

אאאאאאא א،אאא

אאאאאאאאאא،אא

،אאאא

F١ J١٤Eאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢٥ -

אאFLYWHEEL

אאאאא،אאא،אאאאא

א،אאאFאאאEא،אאאאא

א،אאאאאאאאא،א،

אאאאאאK

F١ J١٥EאאF١EאאF٢E

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٢٦ -

אאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٢٦ -

אא א

אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאW

W אאW

١ JאK ٢ JאאאאK

١ JאK ٢ JאאאאאK ٣ JאאK

אאאW ١ JאאK ٢ JK

١ JאK ٢ JאאאK

אW ١ Jא

FאאאאE אאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٢٧ -

٢ JאאאאK ٣ JאK

אW ١ Jאאאאאאא

אאאאK ٢ JאK ٣ JאK ٤ JאאK

אW אאא

אא F٢ J١EאK

אאאאאאאאK

W אאאאאאאW

١ JאK ٢ JאאאאK

אאW ١ JאאK ٢ JאK

F٢ J١EאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٢٨ -

אאאא אאK אאW

١ JאF٢EIn-line pump system K ٢ JאאF٣E The distributor pump system K ٣ JאF٤EThe unit injector fuel systemK ٤ JאF٥ECommon rail systemK ٥ JאF٢E.Electronic Diesel Control

F٢ J٢E

F٢ J٣EאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٢٩ -

F٢ J٤EK

F٢ J٥EK

F٢ J٦EK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٠ -

אא אאאא

١ JאW W

אאאאאK אW

EאK EאאK EאK EאאאK

EאאK EאאאאאK

٢ JאFאא JאאWE W

אאאאאK אW

EאאאK EאK EאאK EאFאאKE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣١ -

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٢ -

٣ JאW אאאאאאKF٢ J٧EאאאK

אאאW

• אאFא٠٠١}٠KE • אאאאאK • אאאK

F٢ J٧Eאאאא

١ JאK ٢ JאK ٣ JאאK ٤ JאאK ٥ JאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٣ -

١ JWK ٢ JאאK

אאאW :ُمسخن الوقود ) أ

אאאאאאאאאH٥H١٥אאאF٢ J

٨EאPTCK :ُمبين مستوي الماء الكهربي ) ب

אאאאאאאאK

F٢ J٩E

F٢ J٨E

١ JאאK٢ JאK٣ JK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٤ -

٤ JאK٥ JאK

F٢ J٩E

١ JאאK ٢ JאK ٣ JK ٤ JאK ٥ JאK

٤ JאW אאאא

אאאאאאאאאאKאאאW

• אאK • אאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٥ -

אאW ١ Jא FאאאאKE ٢ J FאאKE

F٢ J١٠EאאK

אאאא

K ١٣٠K אK

אK אאאK

K ١٨٠٣٠٠K

K ٣ ٩ K

אאאא

אאאאW אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאK אאאאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٦ -

F٢ J١٠Eאא

١- אאK ٢- אא ٣- אאK ٤- אK ٥- אK ٦- אאK

٧ JK ٨ JאאK ٩ JאK

١٠ JאK ١١ JאK ١٢ Jאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٧ -

٥ JאGlow Plugs : אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאK אאאאאאאאא

אKאאאF٢ J١١KE

F٢ J١١Eא

אאאאאאK אאאאK

א٤٠٢٠،אאא אאK

١- K ٢- K ٣- FאKE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٨ -

F٢ J١٢Eאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٣٩ -

شمعة تسخين قضيبية سلكية شمعات تسخين

F٢ J١٣Eאא

١- ٢- אאאK ٣- אK ٤- אאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٠ -

٥- K ٦- אFאKE

אאא

F٢ J١٤Eא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤١ -

F٢ J١٥Eא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٢ -

٢ JאW אאאאאאא

٢ bar ) J 5 barEאאאKאאאW

١- אא EKEK ٢- ٣- א ٤- א

אאאא١KאאאאW ١KאאאאW

F٢ J١٦Eאאאא ١K٢Kא٣K

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٣ -

אאאאW

אאW ١ JאFאאאKE ٢ JאאאK ٣ JאK

אאאאאאאאW

١ J אFaE ٢ J אFbE

אאFאאאאאEK

WאאW

אאאאאאW

١ J אFaEאK ٢ J אFbKEאאא

אאאK

WאW אאאאא

אאאFאאEאאאאאאא

אFאאEF٢ J١٧KE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٤ -

אאאאאאאאאאKאאW

١- אאאאFKE ٢- אאאאFKE ٣- אאאאאK

אאאא אאא אאא

F٢ J١٧Eאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٥ -

٧Kאא אאאאאאאאאא

אאאאWאאאאא

١ Jאא ٢ Jאאא ٣ Jאאא ٤ Jאאאאא ١Kאא אאאאאא،א

אאאאאFAEאאאאא

אאאאK אFBEאאאFCEאא

א אאאW

١ JאאK ٢ Jאאאאאא

K ٣ JאאK ٤ JאאאFאKE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٦ -

F٢ J١٨Eאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٧ -

٢KאאאאW אאאא،א

אאאאאאאKאאאאאאאאאא

אאא،אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

F٢ J١٩Eאאאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٨ -

٣KאאאW אאאאאWאWאא

KאWאאאאא،אאאאאא٣٠٪٤٠٪אא

K אאאאW

١ Jאאא ٢ JאאK ٣ JאאאאאאK ٤ JאאK

F٢ J٢٠Eאאא

١Kאא٢K٣K٤K٥K

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א אאא

- ٤٩ -

٤KאאאאאW

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאא

F٢ J٢١Eאאאאא

- ٣٦ -

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٠ -

אא אא

אאאאאאא

אאאK،אא،א،א،אאא

،א،א،אאKאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאא،א

אאאאKKKKKאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאV אאאא

אאאאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥١ -

F٣ J١Eאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٢ -

אאאאW אאאW

١K FEאאK ٢K FEאאK ٣K FEאK ٤K א ٥K א ٦K אאא ٧K א ٨K א

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٣ -

١K אאK ٢K אאאK ٣K אא.

١EאאW אא?א?

אאאאאאא??אא?א?א

אאאאאאאאאא?אא?א

אאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאW ١. אK ٢. אאK ٣. אK ٤. אK ٥. אK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٤ -

٢EאאאW אאאא

אאאאאאאK

٣EאאW אאא،אא?

א?אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא

א٢א–٤L٢K

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٥ -

אא אא

אאאא W ١K אFאאאאאKE ٢K אאFאאאKE ٣K אאFאKE ٤K אאFאאא

אKE ٥K אFאאאאKE ٦K אאFאאאאKE ٧K אFאאאאKE ٨K אFאאאאאEK ٩K אFKE

אLubrication Process אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאאאאK

א אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאKאא

אWאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٦ -

JאW אאאאאאFאE

אאאאאאK אאאFאEאאK אאאאא

Kאאאאאאאאאא،אאאא

אאאK

F٣ J٢Eאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٧ -

F٣ J٣Eאאאאאא

F٣ J٤Eאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٨ -

JאאאW אאאאא

אKאאאאא،אאKא

אאKאF٣ J٦،٥EאאאK

F٣ J٥Eאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٥٩ -

F٣ J٦Eאאא

אFOIL FILTERE

אאW ١K אאאK ٢K אאK

אW אאאאאאאאאאאK

אW אאאאאאK

אאאF٣ J٨،٧EK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٠ -

F٣ J٧EFEאK

F٣ J٨EFEאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦١ -

א ١ –אF٣ J٩ KE ٢ –אאאF٣ J١٠ KE

F٣ J٩ Eא

F٣ J١٠ Eא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٢ -

− אא

FEא( Dipstick ) אא،

אאאF٣ J١١KE –אW

אאאאK –אW

אאאאאאאKאא

F٣ J١١EאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٣ -

F١EאאאW אאא?א?א

אKאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאאאFאאאEאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאא١٥–٢٠LK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאK

F٢EאאW אאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאא

אFאאאKE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٤ -

אאאFE،،אF٣אאאאאא J١٢KE

F٣ J١٢Eא

FEא( Oil Pan )

אאאאאאא،אאאא

אKא،אאK

–אW אאFE( Drain Plug )

אKאאאאא،אא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٥ -

אאאאאאאאאאאאF٣ J١٣KE

F٣ J١٣Eא

א אאאאאא

אאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאאF٣ J١٤E

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٦ -

F٣ J١٤Eא

א( Oil Pressure Regulating Valve )

אW–١ –אאK٢ –אאK –אW

אאאFאEאאK

–אW

אאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאKאאאאF٣ J١٥KE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٧ -

F٣ J١٥Eאאא

F٣ J١٦EאאK

א( Oil Pressure Gauges ) FE،אאאא

K –אW،אאאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٨ -

– אWאאWאאאאא،אאא،א،אאאא

אאאאF٣ J١٧KE

FF٣ J١٧EאאאK

אאאWאאאאאאאF٣ J١٨KEא،

אאאאאKאאF٣ J١٩KE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٦٩ -

F٣ J١٨EאאאאאK

F٣ J١٩ Eאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٠ -

א( Oil Warning Unit ) FEאא،א

אK –אW

FEאאאאKאאאאאK

–אW ١–אאאאאFאEאK

א( 0.2 kg/cm2 = 0.4 psi )אאאFEאFאEF٣ J٢٠KE

٢–אאאאאאאאKאאא

אFאEF٣ J٢١KE

F٣ J٢٠EאFאKE

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧١ -

F٣ J٢١EאFאKE

− אW אאא،אאאKא

אאאאאאאאאK

אא،אאאאאאאKאאא،אאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאא،אאאK

− אאW ١–אאאWאK ٢–אאWK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٢ -

− FEאW אFE،אאאא

אKא،אאאא،אאאKאאאאאאאKא

אאאאKF٣ J٢٢KE

F٣ J٢٢EאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٣ -

אא אא

אאאאאאאאאFEאאאW

١K אאK ٢K אאאאאK

אאאאא٠٠١٠٠٠٢٠אK

אאאאאאאK

אאW JאאW

אאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאFאKE

JאאW אא א

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٤ -

אאאאFאEאאאאאK

JאאאW אאאא

אא?אאK? אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאKאאאאאא

אאProperties of oil אאאאאא

W ١K אאאאK ٢K אאאאא

אK ٣K אאאאא

אאK ٤K אאאאא

אאאאאאאאא

٥K א?אאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٥ -

٦K אK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٦ -

אW אאאאאאאW ١- אWאאאאא

אאFאEאא

אאאאאאאאא

אאאאK ٢- אWאאאא

א،אאאאאFאEK

אאאK

אאאW אא?א?

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאK אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאW

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٧ -

١- אW אאאאאK

٢- אW אאאא

٣- אW אאאאא

٤- אW אאאאאא

אאאK

٥- אW אאאאא

אאאאאאאאK

٦- אW אאאאא

אאאאאאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٨ -

٢- W אK

אאאאאאא??אאאאא

אאאאאK

אMeasurement of oil Viscosity

א“Engler”אאאא٢٠٠٢אאאא

א٥٢٥K

אאאאאאא٩ J١٢א٥٠٥א٥٤–٨א٥٠٥K

א٢א١٠٠٥אא“S.A.E.”א

אאאא١٠،٢٠،٣٠،٤٠،٥٠،٦٠،٧٠אאS.A.E.FKKKE

אאSpecifications of Oil

אאאאאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ٧٩ -

אאאאאFEאאW

S.A.E 10

S.A.E 20

S.A.E 30

S.A.E 40

S.A.E 50

S.A.E 60

S.A.E 70

אאאאאאאאאK

אאא١٠–٣٠“10w – 30”

א١٠אK אא٣٠K WאאאאK

- ١١١ -

אאאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٧٩ -

אא א

אאאFאאא٢٢٠٠KEא٣٥٪אאא،אאאא

אKאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאK

F٤ J١Eא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٠ -

אW אאאW

١- אאאאK ٢- אאאK ٣- אאאאאK ٤- אאK

אאאאא F٤ J٢EF٤ J٣EK

אאאאאK אאאאאאאאאא

אFאEאאאאK אאא،אאאא

אאאאאאFאEאאKאאאא

א،אKאאאאK

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨١ -

אW אאאאאא

FאאאKEאאאאKאאאאאאK

F٤ J٢Eא

F٤ J٣Eאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٢ -

אאאW

אאאא

JאאאK

Jאא Jאא

Jאאא

JאאאK

JאK Jאאא

אאאאW

J אFאאאאאKE J אאאFאאאאאאKE J אאאאאאאאK J אFאאאאKE

אאאK

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٣ -

אאW א א א אFאE אאFאE א א א א א א אאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאKאאאKאאאF٤ J٤KE

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٤ -

Lא אאאאKאא

( -20° c )אאאאאKאאאאא(Ethylene glycol)٥٠٪

אKאאאאKאאK אאאאאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאWאאאאKא

• אאאK • אאאאK • אK • אK

אא אאא א

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٥ -

LאFאאE(Radiator)

אאאKאאאאאאאאK אאK

אאאאאאאאK

F٤ J٤Eאאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٦ -

אאF٤ J٥WE ١. אFאאEK ٢. אFאLאFEאאא

אאאKE ٣. אFאאא

אKE ٤. FאאאKE

אW אאאאאאאא

אאאKאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא،אאא

אא،F٤ J٦KE

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٧ -

F٤ J٥Eאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٨ -

Lא(Radiator cap)

אW ١- א אK ٢- א אאK ٣- אאאאא K ٤- אא אFאKE

١- FאאאKE ٢- אאFא

אאKE ٣- אאאF

אאאאאKE

אאאאאאאאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٨٩ -

F٤ J٧Eאא

F٤ J٨Eאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאאאאW

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٠ -

F٤ J٩Eאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאW

F٤ J١٠Eאאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩١ -

אW אאאאאא

אאKאאאF٨٣ J١١٠EאאF١٢١ J١٢٧KKE

אאאאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאK אאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאK

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٢ -

אFאE

אאאאאאאאF٤ J١١Eא

אאאKאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאKאא

א،אאאאK אאאאFEKא

KאאאאאאK א،אאא

אאאאאF٤ J١١KE

F٤ J١١Eא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٣ -

אLא( Water Pump ) אאאאאאK

אאאאK

אאW ١K אFאאE ٢K אFאאאאKE ٣K אFאאאKE ٤K אFאKE ٥K אFאאKE ٦K אFאאאאKE

אאאK

F٤ J١٢Eאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٤ -

− אW

אFEאאאFEאאK אFאEאאאא،אאאאKא

(5000 – 3500 ) ،א( 475 )LאK אאVFKEאא

אKאאאאKאאאF VEאאאאא

אאאKאאא١0 mm )( 20 mmאאאאאאא

F٤ J١٣KEאאאאאאאF٤ J١٤E

F٤ J١٣EF٤ J١٤E

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٥ -

Lאאא( Water Hoses )

אאFאאEאאאאאאK

− אא

אאאאאאאאאKאא،א

F٤ J١٥E

F٤ J١٥Eאאאאא

א،אאאאא

אאKאאאאאאאKאאאא

אא،K

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٦ -

F٤ J١٦EאאK

− אאאא אאאאאאאF٤ J١٧E

אאאאאKאא،אאא

אKאאאW –K –K –FKE

F٤ J١٧EאאאK

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٧ -

٤J١٨א

LאFאאאE(Thermostat)

אאאאKאאאאאK אאאא

אאF٤ J١٨KE

אאאאאאאKאאאאאא

אKאאFKEאאאאאאא

אאאKאאFאאאEאאאאאK

אאאFאאE،אאאאאאאאKאאא( 95° c - 75° c )

אאאK

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٨ -

− אאאFאאE

١–אאאK ٢–אאאאK ٣–אאK

− אאאFאאE אאאאאאF٤ J١٩KE

١–אK ٢–אאK ٣–K ٤–FKE

F٤ J١٩Eאאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ٩٩ -

− אאאFאאE

א،אאאאא،אאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאF٤ J٢٠KE

F٤א J٢٠Eאאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ١٠٠ -

אאאאאFאאEאאא،אאאאF( 80° cK

אאאאאFEאאKאא ( 80° c )אאא

אאאאאאאאFKEאאF ( 90° cאא

אאאF٤ J٢١KE

F٤ J٢١Eאאאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ١٠١ -

Lא אאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאאאאאKאאא،א

אאKאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאKאאאאא،

אאFאEאאאאאאKאאK

אאאאאF٤ J٢٢EK

F٤ J٢٢Eאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ١٠٢ -

− אאW אאאאKאאא

אא،אאאK − אאאW

אאאW ١ JאאFאEW

אא(V)אאאאאF٤ J٢٣EK

F٤ J٢٣EאאFאE

٢ JאאW אאאאאK

،אאאאאKא،אאאאKא

אא( 100° c ) ،אאאKאאאF٤ J٢٤EK

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ١٠٣ -

F٤ J٢٤EאאK

Lאא(Temperature Indicator) אאאאאKא

אאאKFEאאKאאFאאEאא

אKאאKאאאאאKאW

١–FאאE( Sending Unit )K ٢–FאאאEא( Indicator ) K

אאאאאאKאאאW

• אאK • אאאאK • אאK

אF٤ J٢٥KE

אאאאאאאKאאא،אאא

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ١٠٤ -

F٤ J٢٥EאאK

Lאאא( Hot Warning Unit )

אאFאאEאאאאאאאW

١–FאאE( Sending Unit )K ٢–FאאEא( Indicator ) K

− אא אאFאאEאאאאא

− אא

،אאאאאאאאK

אאא( 90° c ) ،אא FאEאאאאאאא

אF٤ J٢٦KE

١٧٢ א אאא

אאא א אא

- ١٠٥ -

F٤ J٢٦EאאK

ثقل ١٧٢ א אאאאא א א

- ١٠٦ -

אא א

אאKאאא،אאאאאאאאK

אF٥ J١Eאאאא

• א • אא

- ١٠٧ -

• Vאא٦٠º٩٠ºK

אאW • א • א • א • אא • אKKKKKKKK

אFאEאאאאאא

אאאאאאא

- ١٠٨ -

אF٥ J٢Eאא

• א • אאא • אא • אאאאאאא

• אאאאאאאאא

א • אאאא

- ١٠٩ -

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאא

KאאאאאאאKאאאKאאאאאK

J אFאEא J א J אא J א J אא J א J א J אא J א J א J א

- ١١٠ -

אאאאKאKאאאאאאאK

אאאאK אאאאא

אאאKאאאאאאKאאא

،אאאאאאאאאאK

אF٥ J٣Eאv

- ١١١ -

אF٥ J٤Eא

Lא אאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאא،

،אאאאKאאאאאא

אאאK

١K אאאא ٢K א ٣K ٤K א

- ١١٢ -

٥K א ٦K ٧K א ٨K

אאא،אאאא

אKאאאאKאאאאאא

אKאאאאאKאאא

אאאW ١K אK ٢K אאאאאאאא

אאאאא،אK ٣K אאאK

אאאאאא

אאKאאאאאאK

Lא אW

• אאא • אאאא • אאאאא • אאאא

- ١١٣ -

אאאאW • אא • אא • א

אאאאא

• אאאא • א • • א • אאאא • • א •

،אאאK

אאאאKאאאאאאאאאא

KKאאKאאא،

אא،אאאK

אאאאW אאFאEאאא

FאKEאKאאKאאאאאא

אKאאאK

- ١١٤ -

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאאאK

F٥–٥Eאא

- ١١٥ -

אF٥ J٦Eאאאא

אLFאE

אאאאW אאאא •• אא • אאאאא

אאKאאאK

אKאאאאאאKאאאKאאאאאאK

אאאאאא

- ١١٦ -

אאאKאאאאאא١٨٠אאK

א א א

אאאאא

אאאא

،אאאאא

אאאא

אאא

אאאאא،אא

- ١١٧ -

אF٥ J٧Eאאאאא

אF٥ J٨Eאא

- ١١٨ -

א אאאאאאKא

אKאאאאאאאא

אאאK

אW ١K ٢K ٣K א ٤K א

אF٥ J٩Eא

- ١١٩ -

אאW • אא • אאא • א • אא

אאאאאW

• אא • אאאא • אא

אאאאאאאW

• א • א • א • א

אאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

- ١٢٠ -

אF٥ J١٠Eאאא

F٥–١١Eאאאאאאאא

- ١٢١ -

Lא אאאאK

אF٥ J١٢Eא

אW • אא • אא • אאאא • אאא • אאאאאא……K

אאאאW • א • אאאא • אאאאא • אאא

- ١٢٢ -

אאאאאאW

• • א • א

• א

F٥–١٣Eא

F٥–١٤Eאאא

- ١٢٣ -

F٥–١٥Eאאא

אאאאאאאא

،אאאאK٥אאאאאKאאKא١٠٠אKא

אאאאKאאKאאאK

אאFאEאאKאאK

אאאאאאVאאKאאאא،

אאאאאאא١٢٠ºאKאאא

- ١٢٤ -

KאאאאאאKאK

אאאאאאאKא،אאאאאKאאא

FEאאKאאאאאאאאKא

אW אאאFE

אאאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאK

F٥–١٦Eא

- ١٢٥ -

אאאאאאאאאW

• אאאאא • אאאא • אא • אא

אאאאKאאאאאאKאאאאא

KאאאאK

F٥–١٧Eאאא

الحذافة عمود المرفق

- ١٢٦ -

א • אFאאאKE • אאאK • אאK • אאאK • אאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאKאאאFאEאא

Kאאאאא

- ١٢٧ -

אא א אFאאE

אא אאא

אאא א

אאא،אא،א،א،אאאאKא

אאאKאאאאאאאאאא

אKאאאאKאאK

אא אFאEאאFאKE

א אאאאאאאאא

אFאEאאFאKE

- ١٢٨ -

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאKאאאאK

אא אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאK

אFאא JאאאE،אאאא

א אאא

אKאאאאאאK

- ١٢٩ -

א אאאאK

אW אא אא אאא

א K א א א אא אאאKאאא

F٥–١٨Eא

- ١٣٠ -

אW א א Kא ، א

אאא KאאKאאK

א א א K א א א א אא אא א א א K

אאאאאאאK

F٥–١٩Eא

- ١٣١ -

אW אאW

• אWאאFאE • אWאאאK

אאאKאאאאאאאאאא

٤٥אאאאאאKאא،אאK

א א א א Kא אאK

F٥–٢٠Eאא

- ١٣٢ -

אW אF٣٠ W٥٠ Eא ٦٠

א، א אאאאאא

F٥–٢١Eא

אW א K א אא א

אאאאאאK

F٥–٢٢Eא

- ١٣٣ -

אא א א K אאאאKאאא

אא،K

F٥–٢٣Eאא

אאW א א א א אא א א

א א א א א א Kא א א א א א א

אאאאKFEאאאאK

- ١٣٤ -

אאאFאWE א א א א א א K

אאאK

F٥–٢٤Eאאא

אW א א א א K א

FאאEאאאאאאKאאאK

א،אאאאאאאKאאK

אאא א אאאא K אאאאאאא

אאאאאאK אאאאאאא

אא،אK

- ١٣٥ -

אאאאW אאאאאאK

אא א א א אאאאאאאK Kא

אאאאאאאאאאK אאאאא

א א א א אאאאאK

א א א א F א E ?אא ?אאאאאא K

אאאאאאK

- ١٣٦ -

א א אא א א א אא K א א

אאKאאK אאW

אאאKאאאאK

א א א א א אאאאא

F٥–٢٥Eאא

- ١٣٧ -

אאW א א א

אKאאאא

F٥–٢٦Eאא

Wאאא אאאKאאאאא

F٥–٢٧Eאאא

- ١٣٨ -

אאאא

ثقل ١٧٢ א אא

אאא א א

- ١٤٠ -

אאא،א،אK אWאK אWאאאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאK

אWאאאאאK אWאKאא

אFKE אWאאאאאאא

אאKא١W٨א١W١٦K

אאאKאאא،אאאK

אWאKאאאאאK

אWאאאאאאאK

אאWאאאאאאאFאאKE

אאWאאאאאאK

אאאWאאאאאK

אאא א א

- ١٤١ -

אWאאאאאאאKאאאאאK

אWאKאKאאאאאK

אZאCאCא

אF٦ J١Eאאא

אאא א א

- ١٤٢ -

F٦ J٢EאFאא

אאאאאאאKאWאאא

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאאא

אאFאאE،אאKאא١W٨١W١٦אK

الحجم الكلي لألسطوانة =

الحجم الكلي لغرفة االحتراق

الحجم فوق المكبس عند النقطة الميتة السفلى =نسبة االنضغاط

ياالحجم فوق المكبس عند النقطة الميتة العل

אאא א א

- ١٤٣ -

אWאאאאאאאאKאK

אאאאאאאאאK

אא אאאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאאאKאאא٧٥٪٩٥K٪

אאFאE אאאאאאא

אאאKאאאאאKאאאאאאאFאא

אאאאKEאאאאאאאאKאאאא

אאKאאא٩}٠אאא٦}٠אאK

אא٦}١אא٢}١אאK אאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאאK

الطاقة الخارجة من المحرك =آفاءة المحرك

الطاقة الداخلة إلى

×١٠٠ %

אאא א א

- ١٤٤ -

אאאKאאאKאאאא٢٥W١٢٢٥W٣٥אK

אLא אWאKאאאאKאא(N-m)א(kg-m)،א

(ft-lb)אאK אWאKאאאK

אא(kW)(HP)K

אz JZxאzxCאzx

אzאZxאz JxCאאאz١\x

אאאאKאא

אאאKאאאK

١٩٥٥٠

( )ثابت تحويل ×] دقيقة\لفه[سرعة الدوران×]متر-نيوتن[عزم الدوران=

درة المحركالعالقة بين سرعة المحرك وعزم وق ) ٣-٦(شكل

אאא א א

- ١٤٥ -

אא אא

אאאאאאאK

אאא،אאאאKאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאא،א،א،א

אא،א،،אאאKאאאאאאא

אKאאאK אאאאאא

אא،אאW Jאאאאא،אא،אאא،אאאK Jאאאא

אאאKאK JאאאKא

אKאאאKאא

٣٥LאKאKאאאא

אאK JאאאאאאאK

אאא א א

- ١٤٦ -

JאאאאאאאK

JאאאאאאאאאK

JאאאאאאK

אאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאK

אאאאW J אא J אאא J אא J אא J אא

J אא J אא J א

אאא א א

- ١٤٧ -

F٦J٤Eאאא

Lאא אאאאא

אאאאאא،אאאKאאאא

אאKאאאאKאאא

אאאא،אK،אאאאאאאא

אא(PCV)אאאאאK

אאאW

J אאK J אאאאאא אאK J אאאא

J אאאאKא

אאא א א

- ١٤٨ -

فحص التسريب الداخلي للزيت/ يًاأنثא אאאא

אFאאאאE. :مصادر التسريب الداخلي للزيت

JאFאאאE

אאאאאאאאKאא

F٦ J٥EאאאFאאאאאאאאKE

אאא א א

- ١٤٩ -

فحص عادم المعدة/ ثالثًا אאאאאאאK

אאאאKא،אאאאאאא

אאאK

J אאאאאFא،א،אE

J אאאא

אאאאW אאאאאאא

אאאKאאאאאא،אא

אאאאKאאאאK

F٦J٦EאאאאאאאאFאאE

אאא א א

- ١٥٠ -

مصادر الصوت بالمحرك)٧-٦(شكل

אLאאא אאא

KאאK אאאא

אאאKאK

אאאKאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאאאאאK

مصادر الضوضاء بالجزء السفلي بالمحرك يبين ) ٨-٦(شكل.

אאא א א

- ١٥١ -

خبط المكبس يوضح) ٩-٦(شكل

אW א Jאא Jאאא J

אאKאא،אאKאאא

אKאאKאאאKאאאK

אFאWE

אאאאK

אאWאFאאKEאאאאא٣٥LK

אאאK

אאא א א

- ١٥٢ -

ءمصادر الضوضا) ١٠-٦(شكل بمجموعة الصمامات

אWKאK

אאאאKאKאאא

אKאאאאK

אא J JאאKאא

אאאK

אא Jאא Jא Jאא JאK

אאא א א

- ١٥٣ -

توصيلة اختبار ضغط)١١-٦(كلش

المحرك زيت

אאאא، אאאא،

אאאאאK

Lאא אא،אאא

אאאאK

אאאאW

JאF،א،אאאE

אאאאאאKאאא٢٠٠٠LK

אאא א א

- ١٥٤ -

اختبار تسريب سائل التبريد )١٢-٦(شكل

אאאאאKאאאK

אאאאא،אאאאאאK

אאאאאW

Jאאאאאא

JאאאאK

אאאאאאKאאאאא

KאאאK

אאא א א

- ١٥٥ -

طريقة توصيل مبين الضغط)١٣-٦(شكل

אKאאאאאאאאKא

א،אאאאאK

אאאאאאאK

JאאFאאאאאEאאאאאאאK

אאא א א

- ١٥٦ -

אאאאאאאאFאEאא،אאאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאFE

אאאאK

אאא،אאאאK

JאאאאאאאאאאFאאאKE

JאאאאאK

JאאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

.طريقة إجراء اختبار الضغط الجاف والمبلل) ١٤-٦(شكل

אאא א א

- ١٥٧ -

األسطوانةاختبار تسريب ) ١٥-٦(شكل

אאאאאאKאאאאא،

אאאאאאאK

אא٪١٠٠٪אK٢٠٪אK

אאאK

אאאW

• אFאאE • אFאאE • אFאאE

אאא א א

- ١٥٨ -

• אאאFאאE • אFאאE

Lאא אאאאא،אא

אאאאאאאאFEאאאאK

אאאאאK

אאאאW

• • • • א • א • א • א • א • אL • אא • א • אאא

אאא א א

- ١٥٩ -

التخلخل اختبار) ١٦-٦(شكل

אאאאאKאאאKאאא١٥ J٢٠F

אאאKE

אאאאאKאאFKEאאK

GאאאאFאEא٥אKאאאK

אאא א א

- ١٦٠ -

اختبار اتزان قدرة ) ١٧-٦(شكل

אLאאא

אאאא،אאאאאK

אאאאאאא،אאאF

אאEאK

GאאאאאKאאאאאאא

KאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאא א א

- ١٦١ -

:قراءة لمحرك طبيعيي :تكون قراءة المبين

زئبق -صةبو ٢٢إلى ١٨من ويكون المؤشر ثابت

:ضعف ياي صمام القراءة تكون طبيعية عن السرعة

الخاملة ولكن يبدأ المؤشر في .االهتزاز عند زيادة السرعة

:تسريب أو حرق صمام تنخفض القراءة آل مرة يفتح .فيها الصمام

:تآآل دليل الصمام المؤشر يهتز بسرعة عند السرعة

الخاملة ولكن يرجع لوضعه الطبيعي عند زيادة السرعة

:انسداد في مسار العادم عند زيادة السرعة فجأة ال

المؤشر للصفر بسرعة ديعو

:تسريب في مجمع السحب ٩- ٣ن قراءة منخفضة في حدود م

. زئبق عن الطبيعي -بوصة تسريب حشوة مجمع سحب أو

تسريب صمام الخانق

:مشاآل في نظام الوقود المؤشر يتأرجح ببطء نتيجة خليط مشاآل في المغذى أو (وقود فقير

)حقن الوقود

:صمام معلق المؤشر يتأرجح بتردد غير ثابت

) أحيانًا(

:انسداد في مدخل الهواء انسداد في ، قراءة عالية وثابتة قي الهواء أو تعليق صمام بدء من

)الشفاط(اإلدارة

جدول يوضح األشكال النمطية لمبين التخلخل للحاالت المختلفة

אאא א א

- ١٦٢ -

אאאאאא

١٧٢ א אא אאא א אאא

- ١٦٤ -

אא אאא

אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

Kאאאאאאאאא

אאאW ١K אאאK ٢K אאאאFאKE ٣K אFEאאK

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאKאאאאF

אE،אאK

אאFאאEאאאאאאK

- ١٦٥ -

F٧ J١Eאא

אFאEא

אאאאאאא

א٥٠٠٥אאאאאאאK

- ١٦٦ -

F٧ J٢Eאא

אאאא אאאאW אאאאאאאאאאאKKKKאאאאאאא

FאאאאEאאאאאK

אאW אאאאאאאאאK

- ١٦٧ -

אאאא

א אאאאאא

٩٣א٪ אא٧٪

אאא

א٤٠א J٣٠PPMEGF١KE

אFHCE

אא٥٧א٪ א

٤٣٪

אאא

אFNOXE

אא٣٩א٪ א،

א،٦١א٪

،אא،،אאא

،אאאאא א

NO2)Eא٣-5PPMK

אא١0-30PPM

،אאא٣0-50PPM

G١PPMWאאאאK

- ١٦٨ -

- ١٦٩ -

אאא אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאK

אW WאאW

אאאאאאKאאאא

אאאאאאאאאK

F٧ J٣Eאאא

- ١٧٠ -

WאאאאW

אW ١K אאאאK ٢K אאאאK ٣K אאאאאK ٤K אאאאאK ٥K אK

WאאאאW אאאאאא

אKאW ١K אאאאKאאאאK ٢K אאאFאEאאאאK

אWאאאאW אאאאK

WאאW אאאאאאK

- ١٧١ -

F٧ J٤EאאאEGR

אא PCVW

אאאאKאאאאא

אאאK

אאאאאאאאאאא،אא

אאאאאאאאא

אאאPCV אאאK אאאא

אאאאאאאK

אאאאKאאאאאאאא

אאאאK

- ١٧٢ -

אאאאW

• אFאאKE • אאK • אאאאאאK

- ١٧٣ -

אאFאE

אאאאאאאאאאאא،אKאאא

אאאאאאאאא،אאאאא،א

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאW ١ JאLאא

אאK ٢ Jאאאאאא

אאK ٣ JאאFEאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאK

- ١٧٤ -

F٧ J٥E

אאאא

١Kא٢Kאא ٣K٤K ٥K٦K ٧Kא٨Kאא ٩Kא١٠Kא

١١Kא١٢Kא ١٣Kא١٤Kא

١٥Kאא١٦K ١٧K١٨Kא

- ١٧٥ -

F٧ J٦Eאאא

אאאאאא،אאאאאאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאK

- ١٧٦ -

F٧ J٧Eא

אאאאאVאאאC אאאאT

אאאאאאאאK

- ١٧٧ -

F٧ J٨EאאאV

אא אאאאאא

אאאCאאTא،אאאא

אFLAPSאאאא٢٥٪אאאא٥٠٪

אאאאאאאא٧٥٪אאאאא١٠٠א٪אאאא

- ١٧٨ -

F٧ J٩EאאV٤٢אא

אא אאאאאV

אאאFLAPאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאVK

- ١٧٩ -

F٧ J١٠Eאא

- ١٨٠ -

אא אאאאאא،

FEאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאא،

אא٥}٤٦K٪אאאאK

F٧ J١١Eאאא

- ١٨١ -

אאאאFEאאאאאא

אאאאאאFEאאא

אאKאאאאאאאא

אאK אאאאא

אאא،אאאאאא

אאאאאK

F٧ J١٢Eאא

- ١٨٢ -

אאאאFאEא אאאאאאא،

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאF

-Eאאאאאאאאא،א

אKאאאאאאאK

אאאאא،אאאאאאא

אאאK

- ١٨٣ -

F٧ J١٣Eאאאאא

F٧ J١٤Eא

١٧٢ א אא אאא א א

- ١٨٣ -

− אאאW ١–אאאFKK=Top Dead Center = T . D . CWE

אאאFאEאF٨ J١EK

F٨ J١EאK ٢–אאאFKK=Bottom Dead Center = T . D . C ( W

אאאFאEאK ٣–אאFאE( Piston Strokr ) W אאאאאאאאאא

אFאKE ٤–אאFאאE( Compression – space Volume ) אאאFאEאאאFKKE

- ١٨٤ -

٥–אאFאאE( Piston Displacement ) W אאאאאאאא

אאK אא

FEאאאWאאW ١–אאאFאEאאK ٢–אאאFאEאאK ٣–אאאFאEאK ٤–אאאאאאאאאK

אאא) stroke –Four (

،אאאאאK

١–אFٍSuction StrokeEW

אאאאFKKEאאאFKKE،אFאEאאאKאא

אאאאאאא،אא( 100 m/sec )אאFאEא

אF٨ J٢EKאאאא)0.8

bar ( 0.9 bar אאאא 0.1 bar ) ( 0.2 barאא( 180° )K

- ١٨٥ -

F٨ J٢EאK

− אאFאE( Volumetric Efficiency )

אאאאאאFאאEW • אFאEW

،א،אאאK • W

אKK • FאאEW

אאFEK • אאW

אאאאאאK • FEאאאW

א،אאאK • אאW

אאאKאאאK • אW אא،אאאאK

- ١٨٦ -

٢–אFCompression StrokeEW אאאאאאאFKKEאאאFKKEאאאאא،אא

אאאK،אאbar ) ١٢ .( 14 bar

אאאא( 180° )،אא)١٨0° + 180° = 360°(F٨ J٣EK

F٨ J٣Eא

אאW ١–אאאאאK ٢–אאאאאאאK ٣–אאאאאK

- ١٨٧ -

٤–אאK

אW אאאאאK

− אε=FאאHאE÷ א

⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ +

VcVcy ε

٣–א) Power Stroke ( W א)Expansion Stroke (אאא،

אאאאאKאאאאאאאFKKEאא

אFKKEאאאFאEא FאEKאאאא

( 180° ))٣٦0° + 180° = 540° (.אאא ( 2 cm )F٨ J٤E.

)٨ J٤Eא

- ١٨٨ -

٤–א) Exhaust Stroke (W

אאאאאאאFKKEאאאFKKEאFאEא،אאא

אאאאאKאאאK

אאאא( 180° ) ) ٥40° + 180° = 720 ° ( F٨ J٥EK

F٨ J٥Eא

- ١٨٩ -

٣–)In line Engine (.

F٨ J٦Eא

אאא ( Engine Power ) א،א،אFE

אאאא…KאW ١–אאW

אאאאאאאאאא،אאKא

אאאאW ١–אא( )kw

1200p . Vs

Pin . i⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

٢–אא( )kw

600p . Vs

Pin . i⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

- ١٩٠ -

אאא = Pi אא )kw ( =Vs אאא)L (

= n א) r.p.m.( = pi אאא )bar (

٢–אאFאEBreaking (effective ) PowerW

אאאא،אאFEאאאK ( Peff )

אאאאאW

אאא = Peff אא )kw (

= M א) N.m.( = n א) r.p.m.(

١W אא٢٧50 r.p.m n =אאאpi = 8.5 bar

אאאVs = 2.21 LאאאPiK

–א )Data (W–אא, pi = 8.5 barn = 2750 r.p.m , Vs = 2.21 L ,

–א )Request (W–אא)? =Pi (

( ) kw 9550

n .MPeff =

- ١٩١ -

) kw 43.05 =1200

275021.25.8=1200

n.Vs.ip=Pi ×× (W– Solution – الحـل

M = 200 N.m٣٣10 r.p.m n =אאאPeffK –א )Data (W–٣٣10 r.p.m , M = 200 N.m n = –א )Request (W–אא)? = Peff (

) kw 69.3193 =

12000313200=

9550n.M=Peff

× (W– Solution – الحـل

٣W אZ = 4٨0 mm= d ١١0 mmS =

n = 2750 r.p.mאאא pi = 8.5 bar אאF = 177 N אאא0.6 mL =אW

١EאMN.mK ٢EאאאPeffkw K ٣EאאPikwK ٤EאאηmK

–א )Data (W–Z = 4،٨0 mm =d ،١١0 mmS =،n = 2750 r.p.m

pi = 8.5 bar ،F = 177 N ،0.6 mL = –א )Request (W ١Eא)? =M (N.mK ٢Eאאא)? =Peff (kw K ٣Eאא)? =Pi (kwK

- ١٩٢ -

٤ Eאא)? =ηm .(

L 2.21=1000

56.2210Vs

cm 2210.56 =4118 0.785 = Z. S .A = Vs 32

×× Solution : ( – א

M = F . L = 177 60100

106.2 N.m× =

eff . = n

9550 = 106.2

9550 = 30.58 kw× 2750

Pi = p . Vs . n = 8 2750 = 43.05 kweff

12005 2 21

1200. .× ×

ηm = P

43.05= 0.71eff 30 58.

Jא( Engine Torque ) W

אאא،אאאאKאא

FאEW ١–אאFאE( Peff )( n )K ٢–אאאאאאאK

- ١٩٣ -

}) N.m (

n9550 . Peff M ={١ -

2 - {M = F . L ( N.m )}

אאא

= Peff אא )kw ( = M א)N.m (

= n א) r.p.m.(

= F אא )N ( = L אא)m (

١W אא Mn = 3750 r.p.m.אPeff = 75 kwK

–א )Data (W–٣٧50 r.p.m , Peff = 75 kw n = –א )Request (W–)? =M (

) N.m 191 =3750

095575=n9550.P=M eff × (W Solution – الحـل

٢W א MאאF = 130 Nאאאאא

L = 0.955 m K –א )Data (WL = 0.955 m , F = 130 N –א )Request (W)? =M (

) M = F . L = 130 × 0.955 = 124.15 N.m (W Solution – الحـل

- ١٩٤ -

− FEאηm( Engine Efficiency ) ،אאKאא

אאאאאא،KFηmKEאאאW

⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣⎡

PiP= eff

אאא

= ηm א = Pi אא )kw (

= Peff אא )kw (

١W אאηm אPi = 95 kwאPeff = 75 kwK

–א )Data (W– Pi = 95 kw , Peff = 75 kw –א )Request (W–א)? =ηm (

) 0.7894 ==P=9575

Pim effη (W Solution – الحـل

אאאPeff אPi = 85 kwηm = 0.75 K –א )Data (W– Pi = 85 kw , ηm = 0.75 –א )Request (W–א)? =ηm (

) ( )kw 75.6375.085Pi=P meff =×× =η (W Solution – الحـل

- ١٩٥ -

אאאPiאηm = 0.8 אPeff = 80 kw –א )Data (W– , ηm = 0.8 ، Peff = 80 kw –א )Request (W–אא)? = Pi (

) ( )kw 100 ==P=Pi8.0

(W Solution – الحـل

אאאאא ١–אאאא( Vcy ) W

אאאאאאאאאאאFאאE ( Vcy )FF٨ J٧EKא

אאאאאW

2cm S .

4 . d S .A Vcy ⎥

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ Π==

( )3cm Vs Vcy ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣⎡ =

F٨ J٧Eאאאא( Vcy )

- ١٩٦ -

אאא

= Vcy אאאא)cm3 ( = d אFcm (

= A א)cm2 ( = S א )cm ( = Vs אאא)cm3 ( = Z אK

אאאאאVcyאA = 50 cm2 אS = 8 cmK

–א )Data (W– A = 50 cm2 , S = 8 cm –א )Request (W–אאF? = Vcy E

) ⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛× 3cm 400=805=S .A =Vcy (W Solution – الحـل

٢–אאאVsW

אאאאאאKאאאא ( Vcy )א( Z )Kאא

אאאW

cm Z. S . 4

. d Z. S .A .Vs ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ Π=== ZVcy

- ١٩٧ -

אאא

= Vs אאא)cm3 ( = d א)cm (

= A א)cm2 ( = S א )cm ( = Z א

Z = 4d = 6 cm אS = 9 cmאאאאVsK

–א )Data (W S = 9 cm , Z = 4 , d = 6 cm –א )Request (Wאאא)? = Vs (

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛Π

cm 1017.36 =4 9 4

Z. S . 4

d Z. S .A =Vs

٣–אVcW

אאאK

( Vc )אאאאW

( )3cm

1cy Vc ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣⎡

−=εV

- ١٩٨ -

אאא

= Vc א)cm3 ( = Vcy אאאא)cm3 (

ε = א

٣W אאcm3 Vcy = 600 א ε = 21 : 1

אאVcK

–אFDataWE , ε = 21 : 1 Vcy = 600 cm3 –אFRequestEWאF? = Vc E

) ⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛=

−−3cm 30

121006=

1cy =Vc

εV (W Solution – الحـل

٤–אFεE

אאא،אאאKאεFEpsilonEא

אאאW

)) ⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ +

VcVcy ε

⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ += 1

VcVcy ε

⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

min , Vcmax ,Vcn ε

- ١٩٩ -

F٨ J٨EאFεE

אאא

ε = א = Vc א)cm3 ( = Vcy אאאא)cm3 (

אאcm3 Vcy = 650 א cm3 Vc = 50 אא ε K –אFDataWE , Vc = 50 cm3 Vcy = 650 cm3 –אFRequestWEאF? = ε E

) 1:1450506=

VcVccy =

50=++Vε (W– Solution – الحـل

٥–אאאאW

אאאאאאאKאאא( 10 % )א

( 10 % , 5 % ) אρ = 0.71 kg/L KאאאאאאאW

- ٢٠٠ -

( kg/L )

אאאא ( kg/kg )( m3/kg )

א 0.75

١٤.8 ١١.5

אא 0.78

١٤.2

١١.0

א 0.84

١٤.5 ١١.2

0.80 ١٤.0 ١0.8

א m3 אא 100 km אאאV = 8.5 L/100 kmא ρ = 0.71 kg/L

אאא١0א % =K

–אFDataWE , V = 8.5 L/100 km ρ = 0.71 kg/L –אFRequestWE m3 אאF? = m3 E

) (W– Solution – الحـل ١–א M = v . ρ = 8.5 × 0.71 = 6.035 kg ٢– ١ kg אאW ١١.6 + 10 % = 11.6 + 1.16 = 12.76 m3 ٣– ٦.035 kgאאW٦.035 × 12.76 = 76.996 m3

- ٢٠١ -

א − אא( Vm )א( Vmax ) אאאא ( S )א

( n ) KאאאאKאא( Vm ) ( 14 m/s )אK

א( Vm )א( Vmax )F٨ J٩KEאאW

( ) m/sec

60n . S . 2=Vm ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

[ ] ( )m/sec Vm1.6Vmax ×≈

F٨ J٩Eאא( Vm )א( Vmax ) אאא

= Vm אא)m/s ( = Vmax אא)m/s (

= n א)r.p.m. ( = S א )m (

- ٢٠٢ -

n = 4000 r.p.m. S = 76 mmאW ١–אאVm ؟ ٢–אאVmax ؟

–א )Data (W– n = 4000 r.p.m , S = 76 mm –א )Request (W–١–אא)? =Vm (

٢–אא)? =Vmax ( ) (W Solution – الحـل

( )m/sec 13.10 60

40000.0762 60

n.S.2=Vm =××=

( )m/sec 16.210.131.6Vm 6.1Vmax =×=×≈

אאVm = 15 m/s אאn = 3000 r.p.m.א ( S ) K

–א )Data (Wn = 3000 r.p.m , Vm = 15 m/s –א )Request (Wא )? =S (

mm150 10000.15

m 15.03000 2

60 15=S

n . 260.Vm=S

60n.S.2=Vm

- ٢٠٣ -

٣W אאא ( Vm ) אאVmax = 20 m/s K

–א )Data (W Vmax = 20 m/s –א )Request (Wאא)? = Vmax (

) ( ) m/s 12.5 =

6.120=

6.1Vmax =Vm (W Solution – الحـل

− אאMean Effective Pressure = MEP )(

אאאאFאEא( pmax , po )א،אאא

א( pi )Kאאאאא( n )אאא،אא

( n )אאW ( )bar

=p h.....32 1i ⎥

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ ++++

אאא

= pi אא) bar ( = pmax אאא) bar (

= n א

אא א אאאאאאאא

F٨ J١٠Eאא،אאאW

- ٢٠٤ -

( N ) ] [ Fi = A . pi

F٨ J١٠Eאא אK

אאא

= Fi القوة المؤثرة على سطح الكباس) N ( = pi אא) bar (

= A سطح الكباس) Cm2 (

] 1 bar = 10 N/cm2 [

١W A = 70 cm2אאN/cm2pi = 300

אאאא ( Fi )K –א )Data (WA = 70 cm2،N/cm2pi = 300 –אFRequestEWאאא F? =FiE

) ( )N 2100030070 ip.A =Fi =×= (W Solution – الحـل

- ٢٠٥ -

אאא

אאאאאא،אאKאאא

אKאאאF٨ J١١KEאאאFאEאFאE

אא( Overlap ) K

F٨ J١١Eא − = S.oא − = S.cא − = E.oא

- ٢٠٦ -

− = E.cא

א אאאאא( L∝)אd

אאאאא( TDC )אאא( BDC ) אאא( L∝)אאW

360 . d . L ⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ Π

360.06 . ⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ =

אאא = L∝ אאא )mm ( = d אא)mm (

= ∝ אא)° ( = t א )Sec ( = n א )r.p.m (

= σאא)° (

= S.oא( Inlet Opens )

= S.cא( Inlet Closes ) = E.oא( Exhaust Opens ) = E.cא(Exhaust Closes )

= σאא( Overlap )

١W אאd = 300 mm n = 5400 r.p.m.א

- ٢٠٧ -

א(S.o))٣9° (אאא( T.D.C. ) א(S.c))93° (אאא( B.D.C. ) א(E.o))٦5° (אאא( B.D.C. ) א(E.c))٤٥° (אאא( T.D.C. )

–אFDataWE , d = 300 mm n = 5400 r.p.m. –אFRequestEW

Eאאאא( ∝Ev , ∝ Sv ) EאאאσK Eא(L∝)א(S.o)(S.c)

Eא(t)אאK

أ( ∝ Sv = 39° +180° + 93° = 312° ) (W Solution – الحـل

∝ Ev = 65° +180° + 45° = 290°

ب( σ = 39° + 45° = 84°

( )mm 816.8 360

300312 360

. d . L ⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ =

°Π××°

( ) S 0.0089 360540060290

360.06 . =

°××°

=⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ =

- ٢٠٨ -

אאא

١–אאW( ) kw 1200

p . Vs Pi

n . i⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

٢–אאW( ) kw 600

p . Vs Pi

n . i⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

אאW ( ) kw 9550

n . MP fef = אW

) N.m ( n9550 . Peff M =

M = F . L

אאW⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡

PiP= eff

2cm S .

4 . d S .A Vcy ⎥

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ Π==

( )3cm Vs Vcy ⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ =

אאאW

cm Z. S . 4

. d Z. S .A .Vs ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ Π=== ZVcy

- ٢٠٩ -

אאא

אאאW

( )3cm

1cy Vc ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣⎡

−=εV

⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡ +

VcVcy ε ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣⎡ += 1

VcVcy ε

⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

min , Vcmax ,Vcn ε

אאW ( ) m/sec

60n . S . 2=Vm ⎥⎦⎤

⎢⎣⎡

אאW [ ] ( ) m/sec Vm 6.1Vmax ×≈

אאW ( )bar

=p h.....32 1i ⎥

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ ++++

אאאW ( N ) ] [ Fi = A . pi

אW( )L/h

C .t Q m ⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣⎡

אאW( )1/h mm Z

T⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

- ٢١٠ -

אאא Pi אא )kw (

piאאא )bar (

Peffאא )kw ( Mא) N.m.(

n א) r.p.m.( F אא )N (

L אא)m ( ηm א

Zאא( 1/h )mא( L/h )

mTאFאE( L , kg )Qאאאא( kJ )

∆tאא( K )Cאאאא( kJ/kg.k )

Fiאאא )N ( pmaxאאא) bar ( Vm אא)m/s (

Vmax אא)m/s ( Vcא)cm3 (

Vcyאאאא)cm3 ( Vsאאא)cm3 (

Aא)cm2 ( Sא )cm (

dא)cm (

- ٢١١ -

Zא εא

٢٣٩

אאאא

ثقل ١٧٢ א אאאאא א אא

- ٢١٣ -

١K ؟אאא ٢K ؟א ٣K ؟א ٤K א אאאא؟ ٥K אאאאאK ٦K ؟אאא

٧K ؟א ٨K ؟א ٩K ؟א

١٠K א؟אא ١١K א؟אא ١٢K אאאא؟א ١٣K אאא؟אא ١٤K א؟אאא ١٥K אאא؟ ١٦K ؟אא

١٧K ؟א

١٨K ؟א

١٩K ؟א

٢٠K ؟אא

٢١K א؟אאאא

٢٢K ؟א

١٧٢ א אא אאא א אא

- ٢١٤ -

٢٣K אאאא؟א

٢٤K ؟אא

٢٥K אא؟א

٢٦K ؟ ٢٧K אאאאאאאא؟א ٢٨K ؟אאא ٢٩K ؟א ٣٠K ؟א ٣١K אאאא؟א ٣٢K א؟א ٣٣K א؟א ٣٤K אאאK ٣٥K אאאK ٣٦K א؟א ٣٧K אאאK ٣٨K אאאK ٣٩K ؟אא ٤٠K א؟אא ٤١K א؟א ٤٢K אאא؟ ٤٣K ؟אא ٤٤K א؟אא ٤٥K ؟אא ٤٦K אאא؟א ٤٧K אאאא؟אא ٤٨K אאאאKאK ٤٩K ؟אא

- ٢١٥ -

٥٠K אאאK ٥١K אאאא؟ ٥٢K א؟ ٥٣K אא؟א ٥٤K ؟א ٥٥K א؟א ٥٦K ؟א ٥٧K אא؟א ٥٨K ؟א ٥٩K ؟אא ٦٠K א؟א ٦١K ؟אא ٦٢K א؟אאאא ٦٣K אאאא؟ ٦٤K ؟א ٦٥K אאאא؟א ٦٦K אאא؟א ٦٧K ؟אא ٦٨K אא؟אאא ٦٩K ؟אא ٧٠K אא؟א ٧١K ؟אאא ٧٢K ؟אאא ٧٣K אאא؟ ٧٤K א؟אא ٧٥K אא؟אאא ٧٦K אאK

- ٢١٦ -

٧٧K אWא –א –א –אK ٧٨K אאאא؟ ٧٩K אW א –א –אK ٨٠K אאאאאאK ٨١K אאאK ٨٢K אאאאK ٨٣K FאEאK ٨٤K אאFאEK ٨٥K אW א –אK ٨٦K אW א –אK ٨٧K אאK ٨٨K אאK ٨٩K אאK ٩٠K אאFאEK

F√E،אאF×EאאW

١–אאאאEF ٢–אאFאEEF ٣–אאאאאאאאאאEF ٤–אאאאאאאאאEF

٥ –אאאאאאEF

٦ – אאאאאFE ٧–אאאאאEF ٨–אאאEF ٩–אאאאאאאEF

١٠–אאאאאאEF ١١–אאאאאאאEF

- ٢١٧ -

١٢–אאאאא אEF ١٣–אאאאאאEF ١٤–אאאאאEF ١٥–אאאEF

F√E،אאF×EאאW ١–אאאאEF ٢–אאאאאאEF ٣–אאאאאאאאEF ٤–אאFאאאEאאאEF ٥–אאאFאאEאאEF ٦–אFEאאאאEF ٧–אאאאאEF ٨–אאאאEF ٩–אאאאאאאEF

١٠–אאאאאאאאאEF ١١–אאאאEF ١٢–אאאאEF ١٣–אאאFEEF ١٤–אאאאאEF ١٥–אאאEF ١٦–אאאאFאEאEF ١٧–אאאאFEאEF ١٨–אאאאEF

١٩–אאאאאאאאEF ٢٠–אאאאEF

- ٢١٨ -

F√E،אאF×EאאW

١–אאאאאאEF

٢–אאאאאאאאאEF ٣–אאFאEאאאEF

4 –אאאאאאEF ٥–אאאאEF ٦–אאאאEF

٧–אאאEF

٨–EF

٩–א אאאEF ١٠–אאאאאאאEF ١١–אאאאEF١٢–אFאEאאEF ١٣–אאאאאאEF ١٤–אאאאאאאאFE ١٥–אאאאאEF ١٦–אאאאאאEF ١٧–אאאאאאEF ١٨–אאאאאאEF

١٩–אאאאאEF ٢٠–אאאאEF

F√E،אאF×EאאW ١–אאאאEF ٢–אאאאאEF

- ٢١٩ -

٣–אאאאאאאEF ٤–אאאאאאאEF ٥–אאאאEF ٦– אFאEאאFאEEF ٧–אאאאאאEF ٨–אFאEאאEF ٩–אאאEF

١٠–אFEאאאEF ١١–אאאFאEאאEF ١٢–אאאאאEF ١٣–אאאאאאEF ١٤–אFאEEF ١٥–אאאאאEF

١٦–אאאEF ١٧–אאEF ١٨–אאאEF ١٩–אאאאאEF ٢٠–אאאאEF

אאאאW

١–אKKKKKKKKKKאאאאFאEK ٢–אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאK ٣–אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאFאEK ٤–אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٥–אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאK ٦–אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٧–אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאK

- ٢٢٠ -

٨–אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאK

אאאאW ١–אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאK ٢–אKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאאא ٣–אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٤–אאKKKKKKKKKKאאא( Ethylene Glycol Base )K ٥–אאאאאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٦–אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאא١0 mm )( 20 mmK

אאאאW

١–אאKKKKKKKKKKKאאK ٢–KKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאK

٣–אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאK ٤–אאאKKKKKKKKKKKאאאאK

אאאאW

١–KKKKKKKKKKKאFEאאאאK ٢–אאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٣–אאFאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKEאאK ٤–אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאK

אאא W

١–אאאאאKKKKKKKKK E( 1 : 20 ) KE( 1 : 30 )KE( 1 : 40 )K ٢–אKKKKKKKKKK

EKEKEK

- ٢٢١ -

٣–אאKKKKKKKKK EF٧5° c– 95° cKEEF٢٥° c– 95° cKEEF١٥0° c– 950° cKE

٤–אאKKKKKKKKKK EאF،KEEאK EאאאK ٥–אאאKKKKKKK

EKEKEK ٦–אאאאKKKKKKKKK

EאKEאאאKEאF،KE ٧–אאאאKKKKKKKKK

EאאKEאאKEאאK ٨–אאאאאאKKKKKKKK

EאKEאKEאK

אאא W ١–אאאKKKKKKKK

EKEKEאF،KE ٢–אאאאKKKKKKKKK

EאאKEאF،KEEK ٣–אKKKKKKKK

EאאאKEאאKEאאK ٤–אאKKKKKKKK

E( 3 : 1 )KE( 2 : 1 )KE( 4 : 1 )K ٥–אאKKKKKKKK

EאKEאKEאK ٦–אא( SAE 20 W ) אKKKKKKK

EאאKEאKEאK

- ٢٢٢ -

אאא W ١–אאאKKKKKKK

EאאKEאKEאK ٢–אאאאאKKKKKKKK

EE E אF،E ٣–אאאאאאKKKKKKK

EאKEאF،EEאK ٤–אאאאאKKKKKKKK

EאאאKEאאKEK ٥ –אאKKKKKKKKK

EאEאאEFEאK ٦ –אאאKKKKKKK

EאKEאאKEאF،KE ٧–אKKKKKKKKK

EאאאKEאאאKEאאK

אאא W

١–אKKKKK EאאKEאאKEאאK

٢–אאאאKKKK EאאEאאKEאאK

٣–אאאKKKK EאאEאKEאK

٤–אאאאKKKKKKK EאאKEאKEאK

٥–אאאאאאKKKK EאאKEאKEאאK

- ٢٢٣ -

٦–אאא אKKKKKKKKK EאKEאאאKEא

٧–אאאאKKKKKKK EאFאKEEאFאKEEאF،E

٨–אFאEKKKKKKK EאKEאKEאF،E

אאאW א א

١–אאK ٢–אאאK ٣–אאFאEK٤–אK ٥–אאאK

EFאאאאK EFאאFKKEאK

EFאאאFKKEFKKEK EFאאאאK EFאאאאK

אא א ١–אאK ٢–אK ٣–אK ٤–אK ٥–אאK ٦–אK ٧–אK ٨–אא

EFאאאאKEFאאאK

EFאא،א EFאאK EFאאאאFאEK EFאאאK

EFאאאאאKEFאאאK

- ٢٢٤ -

אא א ١–אK ٢–אK ٣–אK ٤–אK ٥–אK ٦–אK

EFאאאK EFאאאאK EFאאאאK EFא،אK EFאK EFאאאאאאאK

א אאאW

אא n = 3770 r.p.m.אאF = 138 Nאא L = 0.955 mאW

١(א MK 2(אאPeffK

אאאW

אאM אאPeff = 90 kwr.p.m. n = 4000؟

אאאW אאFאEPeff = 100 kwאאF = 177 N אאאmL = 0.955אW FEאN.mK FEאnK

- ٢٢٥ -

אאאאW אאZ = 6n = 2550 r.p.mא

אא pi = 9.5 bar אא F = 170 N ٨5 mm= d ١٢0א mmS =אאא0.955 mL =אW

١EאMN.mK ٢EאאאPeffkw K ٣EאאPikwK ٤EאאηmK

אאאW

n = 4500 r.p.m. S = 86 mmאW ١–אאVm K ٢–אאVmax K

אאאW

אאא Fi = 5000 Nא A = 50 cm2א א pi K

ثقل ١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אאא

אא Fuel Supply

אא Fuel Pumpא Fuel Filter

אא Electronic Control Unit (ECU)

א Battery

Gasket

Resistor

א Vanes

א IGNITION SWITCH

א NEGATIVE

א POSITIVE

אא TERMINAL

RESISTER

א FISES

אא MAXIMUM

אא MINIMUM

א Time

א Expansion

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

א Compression

אא Engine Cleaning

א Engine Repair

א Piston

א Cylinder

אא Connecting rod

אא Exhaust Gas Analyzer

א Frequency

אאא Air tube

א tank

א feeler

אא Flywheel

אFאE Gasket

א rank shaft

א Cam shaft

א Engine block

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

CHARGE

א SHORT CIRCUIT

אא CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

א STERTOR

ALTERNATOR

א BATTERY

א Gear Box

PUMPאAIR FILTER

אאאAIR FUEL RATIO

אאAIR PRESSURE

אANTINOCK

אאATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

BATTERY

BACKFIRING

BEARING

אBEARING CAPS

אאאאBIG END

אאאBLOW-BY

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אCYLINDER BORE

אאאBOTTOM DEAD CENTER

אאBRAKE HORSEPOWER

אאאBRITISH SYSTEM

אאאCALORIFIC VALUE

אCAMSHAFT

CARBON

אCARBON DIOXIDE

אCARBON MONOXIDE

אאCARBURETOR

אאCALSIUS SCALE

אאאCENTRIFUGAL FORCE

CLEARANCE

אאCLOSED COOLING SYSTEM

אאCOMBUSTION

אאCOMBUSTION CHAMBER

אCOMPRESSED AIR

אCOMPRESSION GAUGE

אCOMPRESSION RATIO

אCOMPRESSION RINGS

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אCOMPRESSION STROKE

CONDENSER

אאCONROD BEARING

אאCONROD CAP

אאCONROD

אCOOLING FAN

אCOOLING FINS

אCOOLING JACKET

אCOOLING SURFACEאCOOLING SYSTEM

אCRANKSHAFT

אCRANKCASE

אאא STARTERאCRANKPIN

MISSFIRING

אCUTOUT

CYLINDER

אCYLINDER BLOCK

אCYLINDER HEAD

אCYLINDER SLEEVES

אDETONATION

DIESEL CYCLE

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

DIESEL ENGINE

אDRY FRICTION

DRY LINER

DYNAMOMTER

EFFICIENCY

אENERGY

ENGINE

אEXHAUST TURBINE

אEXHAUST MANIFOLD

אEXHAUST PORTS

אEXHAUST STROKE

אEXHAUST VALVE

אEXPANSION STROKE

אאFUEL CONSUMPTION

אFIRING ORDER

אאFLOAT CHAMBER

אאFLYWHEEL

FOUR STROKE CYCLE

אFRICTION

אFUEL FILTER

אFUEL INJECTION PUMP

אFUEL NOZZLE

אFUEL PUMP

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אFUEL SYSTEM

אFUEL TANK

אGASKET

אGASKET CEMENT

אGASOLINE

אGENERATOR

אאGREASY FRICTION

GOVERNOR

אHEAT EXCHANGER

אאHORSEPOWER

HYDROMETER

אIDLE CIRCUIT

אIDLING SPEED

אIGNITION COIL

אאIGNITION DISTRIBUTOR

אאIGNITION SPARK

אIGNITION SYSTEM

אIGNITION TIMING

אאINDICATED HORSEPOWER

אINTAKE MANIFOLD

אINTAKE STROKE

אINTAKE VALVE

אKNOCK

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אLUBRICATION SYSTEM

אאMAIN BEARING

אאMECHANICAL EFFICIENCYMECHANICAL GOVERNOR

אאאMETRIC SYSTEM

אMUFFLER

אOIL CONTROL RINGS

אOIL FILTER

אOIL PAN

אOIL PUMP

אOIL SEAL

OTTO CYCLE

OVERHEAD VALVE

PISTON

אPISTON PIN

אPISTON PIN BEARING

אPISTON RINGS

אPISTON SKIRT

POLLUTION

אPOWER STROKE

אאGASES PRESSURE

אPUSH ROD

אאRADIATOR

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

RECIPROCATING MOTION אRING GROOVE

אSCAVENGING

אאSLUDGE

אאSPARK PLUG

אאאSPECIFIC HEAT

אSUPERCHARGER

STRAINER

אFאESTORAGE BATTERY

STROKE

THERMOSTATE

אTHROTTLE VALVE

TIMING

אאאTOP DEAD CENTER

TURBULENCE

TWO STROKE CYCLE

אVALVE CLEARANCE אVALVE GUIDE

אVALVE HEAD

אאVALVE LIFTER

אVALVE SEAT

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אVALVE STEM

VELOCITY

אאVIBRATION

VISCOSITY

אVOLATILITYVAPOR LOCK

VV- ENGINE

אVOLTMETER אVISCOUS FRICTION

אאGASES VOLUME

אאVOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY אWATER JACKET

אWATER PUMP

אWORKאאFאEPiston Stroke

אFאאECompression – space VolumeאאFאאEPiston Displacement אאאFour – stroke

אSuction Stroke אאFאEVolumetric Efficiency

אCompression StrokeאאPower Stroke or Expansion Stroke

אExhaust Stroke

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אEngine Power אאFאEBreaking (effective ) Power

א Engine Torque

FEאηm Engine Efficiency אFאEPiston

Solid – Skirt Piston Split – Skirt Piston

FEPiston with ring holder

אFאEPiston Rings

א Cylinder Hea

אאCombustion Chamber

אMain Fold אSpark Plugs

אאMean Effective Pressure = MEP אFאEValves

אFאEInlet valve אFאEExhaust valve

אא Standard Valve אאא Tulip Valve

אאא Flat Top Valve א Valve Seat

א Valve Guide

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אא Valve SpringsאCooling System

אאAir Cooling System א Water Cooling System

אFאERadiator אWater Pump

אאא Thermostat אא Air Fan א Fan belt

אFאEא Water Jacketsא Radiator Cap

א Expansion Tank א Cooling Fluid

אFאאEאWater Hoses אא Temperature Sensor

FEא Lubrication System

א Oil Pump א Oil Filter

FEא Dipstick FEא Oil Pan

FEאOil Pipes א Oil Pressure Gauges

א Oil Pressure Regulating Valve א Additives

١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אא Wאאא

• אאאא Jאא • אאא Jאא • א J • א J • א J • אאאא Jאאא • אKW

אאא–אאא––א١٩٨٦א • אאאאא––א–

אאאאK • אאא Jאאאא

אא–אWאK

١٧٢ א אא

אאא א

אאאW

• Diesel Engines and Fuel Systems Author : Barry Wellington and Alan Asmus. • Diesel and Mobile Plant Service Technology Author : Clifford M. Tempest. • Diesel Engine Repair by : John . F. Dagel Copyright 1982 by John Willey & sons,

Inc . All rights reserved Published simultaneously in Canada . • Analysis of Pollutant Formation and Control and Fuel economy in • Diesel Engine .by Naeim A. Henein .Copyright 1973 by In text , Inc . • Technical Instruction BOSCH : • Diesel Fuel – Injection Equipment . • Toyota Motor Corporation : Diesel Injection Pump – Training Manual . http://auto.howstuffworks.com/diesel2.htm

• Workshop Manual Audi 200 1996 .Service Department .Technical

Information . Edition 07 .

• Tractors and Automobiles . Translated from Russian by S.KITTELL. third edition 1993 . Mir Publishers Moscow .

• Diesel Fundamentals . Principles and Service by Frank Thiessen and

Davis Dales . 1988 by Reston Publishing Company , Inc . A Prentice-Hall Company .

ثقل ١٧٢ א א

אאא א

אאWא ١

אאWאאא ٢٦

אWאא ٤٨

אאאWא ٧٧

אאWא ١٠٤

אאWאא ١٣٦

אאWאאא ١٥٨

אאWא ١٧٧

אאWא ٢٠٦

אא ٢٢١

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