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A Changing Region,A Changing Role新環境, 新定位
Prepared by:
Hong Kong International Lab for
May 2018
How MTR &Hong Kong CanProsper in a NewSociopoliticalContext
MTR & Hong Kong
How has MTR helped
facilitate Hong Kong’s
position as China’s
international city?
How does Hong Kong
complement instead
of compete with the
burgeoning Greater
Bay Area?
What is the future
role of MTR in light of
increased regional
integration?
What opportunities
and challenges exist
for MTR?
Housing
Regional Integration
Land Scarcity
Economic Sustainability
Land Value Capture
Challenges & Opportunities
HOUSINGHow does MTR approach the issue of housing in
Hong Kong?
Source: Peter Berko
Problems and Opportunities
● Public housing squeezed:47% of all housing, but only 21% of residential land(2)
● Underutilized or idle land zoned for other uses can be developed
Only 7% of
Hong Kong’s land
is zoned for
residential use
Recommendation 1/3
Develop underutilized land
through strategies such as
adaptive reuse, rezoning park
space, and land reclamation.
1
2
3
Opportunity to take leadership role.
New housing anywhere in the GBA increases
the area’s housing supply.
234
Housing: Regional Concerns
With improved transportation links, pursue a
more regional housing policy.
With increased integration, Hong Kong should
collaborate with other GBA cities on housing
policies.
Initiate greater collaboration
across GBA region & utilize new
transportation links for a
regional housing policy
Recommendation 2/3
Metrics Reflecting Priorities
Hong Kong Housing Authority:19 Key Performance Metrics (KPIs) to evaluate performance
Singapore:Emphasis on tenant quality-of-life and safety
Urban Institute:17 Indicators
Source: Bloomberg LP
Recommendation 3/3
Incorporate new KPIs with
focus on tenant needs, safety,
and quality of life
LAND SCARCITY How should MTR pursue future development?
Source: Aaron VanPoole
OVERVIEW
of new development needed over the next 30
years (1)
Land scarcity is a limiting factor on the growth of
Hong Kong’s economy and the wellbeing of its
population
1,200 ha
Creates growing inequality between
property owners and those without
property
● Proliferation of sub-divided units
(SDUs)
● Disproportionate impact on youth and
elderly residents
● Difficult for low-wage workers to live
in Hong Kong
Scenario Planning: Status Quo
Source: Brian Sugden
Scenario Planning: Land Reclamation
6% of Hong Kong’s land,
and 25% of its developed
land, is on land reclaimed from
the ocean (2)
Source: wikimedia
Scenario Planning: Land Reclamation
Advantage:
involves no
displacement of the
current population and
provides flexible,
“blank slate” planning
opportunities
Disadvantage:
very expensive and
involves significant
risk to marine
ecosystems
Scenario Planning: Selective Country Park Rezoning
40% of Hong Kong’s
available land is in country parks and special areas
Areas of “low ecological and recreational value” a potential for developable land (2)
Scenario Planning: Selective Country Park RezoningAdvantage: rezoning country park land would
not displace existing residents
Disadvantage: deeply politically unpopular and
uncertainty about scope of impact
Source: Florian Wehde
Recommendation 1/2
Multi-pronged strategy to
alleviate land scarcity crisis
Land reclamation and country park land rezoning needs to
remain on the table
“Idle” government land & adaptive industrial reuse could
open up to 591 ha (12)
Recommendation 2/2
Consider equity when creating
new developable land
Activate underutilized land to assure broader parts of
society benefit from development
MTR should take a role in affordable housing
development(13)
Economic SustainabilityHow can MTR facilitate access to labor in Hong
Kong?
Source: Steven Wei
Labor Challenges
A rapidly ageing population and chronic
labor shortage is putting pressure on
Hong Kong to fully integrate into China’s
labor market
Source: Mh Tri
Labor Challenges
By 2064, more than
1/3 of Hong Kong’s
population will be
aged 65 & above(5)
More than 40% of Hong Kong’s
construction workers
are over the age of 50
15,000
Declining local
labor force(6)
Skilled construction
workers needed
through 2021(7)
Additional
technology
workers to
meet demand(8)
Labor Shortages Strain Hong Kong’s Development Plans
1,000
Recommendation 1/4
Advocate for growth-oriented
policies to extend opportunities
for immigration
Imported Worker
Policy
One-Way Permit
System
Lengthen contracts from 24 months
to 36 months, with options for
extension
Advocate for more permit workers from
outside of China to fill below-quota
numbers
Recommendation 2/4
Develop policy and projects
focused on addressing the
needs of ageing Hong Kong
residents and migrants
Housing becomes unlocked for new householders and
migrants
Develop age-friendly housing stock
Include pull factors to encourage elderly households
to vacate
Source: LWK
Recommendation 3/4
Streamline cross-border
connectivity to ease movement
between Hong Kong and Shenzhen
Accommodate cross-border technology employees with on-board clearance for new high-speed rail line
Consider a connector to Heung Yuen Wai Border Control Station to align with the Hong Kong 2030+ Plan
Heung Yuen Wai Checkpoint
Source: Hong Kong Planning Department (2017). Boundary Control Point Study. Retrieved from https://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/p_study/comp_s/LTHYW/en/e_main.htm
Recommendation 4/4
Develop workable
arrangements for cross-border
labor sharing to facilitate rail
development into mainland
China
Design
Build
Finance
Operate
Maintain
Land Write-Down
Land Rights
PROJECT LABOR AGREEMENT
PRC
REGIONAL INTEGRATION How does Hong Kong integrate into GBA while maintaining key
advantages of its political identity?
Source: British Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong
Transportation Conflicts
Guangzhou-Hong Kong XRL and
the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (HKZMB),
create challenges for transit coordination:
● Slow or difficult border crossings
● Increased vehicle traffic for Hong Kong
Source: Mh Tri
Recommendation 1/3
Establish a regional planning
authority that will coordinate the
multiple stakeholder agencies
and representatives
“Third Party” Staff
Recommendation 2/3
Require each city and SAR to
contribute membership fees
adjusted for overall population
and GDP or political status
Model: Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)
Incentives:
Long term goals through its “Regional Comprehensive Plan” (RCP)
Projects that work toward regional goals are eligible to receive additional funding
Additional support, such as technical expertise
6 counties, including 191 cities
Area: 98,000 sq km
Population: nearly 19 million(9)
Stakeholders & Organization
Executive Board
Planning Committee
Outreach
REGIONAL PLANNING
AUTHORITY
MTR
GBA Initiatives
Opportunities
Expand roles as financial center
Leverage international status
Risks
Competition vs. Collaboration
Recommendation 3/3
Establish joint venture company
with the Guangdong
government
Source: British Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong
LAND VALUE CAPTUREWhat is MTR’s role in creating regional connections in
GBA and beyond?
Framing the Challenge
MTR is a world-class rail operator that has recently
expanded into global markets
R+P model has provided MTR with a steady revenue
source to fund the building and operating of public
transportation lines
MTR must adapt its business pursuit in order to work
with mainland China’s land policy
Recommendation 1/3
Position MTR as a leading regional
expert that can guide mainland cities in
logistics, development, infrastructure,
and customer service.
Recommendation 2/3
Leverage relationships built within the
GBA to develop a scalable model for the
expansion of the R+P model into the
mainland.
Recommendation 3/3
Develop its reputation as a global rail
provider through the Belt & Road
initiative.
Housing Land Scarcity Regional IntegrationEcon Sustainability
Assume leadership
role as financier and
coordinator of public
housing in HK and
broader region in
coordination with
transit infrastructure
development.
Alleviate land
scarcity through land
reclamation,
rezoning, and
activation of under-
utilized land.
Facilitate high
volume daily cross-
border traffic,
expand Hong Kong’s
multinational
workforce; increase
opportunity for
future rail
development.
Establish permanent
regional planning
authority for
transportation
integration and cross-
border connectivity.
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
MTR should act on this unique opportunity to position itself as a global influencer on
topics of regional integration and development.
Source: Dan Freeman
Citations1: Task Force on Land Supply. (2018, April). Land for Hong Kong: Our Home, Our Say! How to Tackle Land Shortage.
2: Hong Kong SAR Planning Department (2017). Land Utilization in Hong Kong 2016. Retrieved from https://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/info_serv/statistic/landu.html
3: Ministry of National Development. Head T. Accessed on May 28, 2018. Available at: https://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/data/budget_2016/download/45%20MND%202016.pdf
4: Civil Engineering and Development Department. (2018, May 18). Enhancing Land Supply Strategy - Reclamation outside Victoria Harbour and Rock Cavern Development. Retrieved
May 27, 2018 from http://www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/landsupply/
5: Hong Kong SAR Information Services Department (2016) Hong Kong as a Service Economy. Retrieved from
https://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/service_economy.pdf
6: Hong Kong SAR Census and Statistics Department (2017) Hong Kong Labour Force Projections for 2017 to 2066. Retrieved from
https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp200.jsp?productCode=FA100042
7: Construction Industry Council (CIC). (Dec 2016). “Forecast of Manpower Situation of Skilled Construction Workers.” Retrieved from
http://www.cic.hk/Forecast_SkilledWorkers_e/20161216_Forecast_SkilledWorkers_e.pdf
8: Xinhua. (Oct 27, 2017). “Hong Kong to step up efforts to tackle manpower shortage problem.” China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-
10/27/content_33758133.htm.
9: Southern California Association of Governments (n.d). Welcome to SCAG. Retrieved from http://www.scag.ca.gov/about/Pages/Home.aspx
10: He, S. Y., Tao, S., Hou, Y., & Jiang, W. (n.d.). Mass Transit Railway, transit-oriented development, and spatial justice: The competition for prime residential locations in Hong Kong
since the 1980s. Town Planning Review. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
11: Li, S., Yang, J., Qin, P., and Chonabayashi, S. (2015). Wheels of Fortune: Subway Expansion and Property Values in Beijing. Swedish International Development Agency Retrieved
fromhttp://www.rff.org/files/document/file/EfD-DP-15-30.pdf.
12: Our Hong Kong Foundation, Land and Housing Policy Research Series No. 3. (2017, October). Housing Policy Reform to Narrow Wealth Gap. from
https://www.ourhkfoundation.org.hk/sites/default/files/media/pdf/ohkf_land_and_housing_2017_en_17102017.pdf
13. Kee, T., (2014). University of Hong Kong, Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Buildings for Affordable Housing in Hong Kong. Journal of Design and Built Environment Vol. 14(1), June
2014.
https://jice.um.edu.my/index.php/jdbe/article/download/5343/3130/
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